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rfc:rfc8343

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) M. Bjorklund Request for Comments: 8343 Tail-f Systems Obsoletes: 7223 March 2018 Category: Standards Track ISSN: 2070-1721

             A YANG Data Model for Interface Management

Abstract

 This document defines a YANG data model for the management of network
 interfaces.  It is expected that interface-type-specific data models
 augment the generic interfaces data model defined in this document.
 The data model includes definitions for configuration and system
 state (status information and counters for the collection of
 statistics).
 The YANG data model in this document conforms to the Network
 Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA) defined in RFC 8342.
 This document obsoletes RFC 7223.

Status of This Memo

 This is an Internet Standards Track document.
 This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
 (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
 received public review and has been approved for publication by the
 Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on
 Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.
 Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
 and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
 https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8343.

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

Copyright Notice

 Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
 document authors.  All rights reserved.
 This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
 Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
 (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
 publication of this document.  Please review these documents
 carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
 to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
 include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
 the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
 described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

 1. Introduction ....................................................3
    1.1. Summary of Changes from RFC 7223 ...........................3
    1.2. Terminology ................................................3
    1.3. Tree Diagrams ..............................................4
 2. Objectives ......................................................5
 3. Interfaces Data Model ...........................................5
    3.1. The Interface List .........................................6
    3.2. Interface References .......................................8
    3.3. Interface Layering .........................................8
 4. Relationship to the IF-MIB ......................................9
 5. Interfaces YANG Module .........................................10
 6. IANA Considerations ............................................34
 7. Security Considerations ........................................35
 8. References .....................................................36
    8.1. Normative References ......................................36
    8.2. Informative References ....................................37
 Appendix A.  Example: Ethernet Interface Module ...................38
 Appendix B.  Example: Ethernet Bonding Interface Module ...........39
 Appendix C.  Example: VLAN Interface Module .......................40
 Appendix D.  Example: NETCONF <get-config> Reply ..................41
 Appendix E.  Example: NETCONF <get-data> Reply ....................42
 Appendix F.  Examples: Interface Naming Schemes ...................44
   F.1.  Router with Restricted Interface Names ....................44
   F.2.  Router with Arbitrary Interface Names .....................45
   F.3.  Ethernet Switch with Restricted Interface Names ...........46
   F.4.  Generic Host with Restricted Interface Names ..............47
   F.5.  Generic Host with Arbitrary Interface Names ...............48
 Acknowledgments ...................................................49
 Author's Address ..................................................49

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 2] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

1. Introduction

 This document defines a YANG data model [RFC7950] for the management
 of network interfaces.  It is expected that interface-type-specific
 data models will augment the generic interfaces data model defined in
 this document.
 Network interfaces are central to the management of many Internet
 protocols.  Thus, it is important to establish a common data model
 for how interfaces are identified, configured, and monitored.
 The data model includes configuration data and state data (status
 information and counters for the collection of statistics).
 This version of the interfaces data model supports the Network
 Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA) [RFC8342].

1.1. Summary of Changes from RFC 7223

 The "/interfaces-state" subtree with "config false" data nodes is
 deprecated.  All "config false" data nodes are now present in the
 "/interfaces" subtree.
 Servers that do not implement NMDA, or that wish to support clients
 that do not implement NMDA, MAY implement the deprecated
 "/interfaces-state" tree.

1.2. Terminology

 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
 "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
 BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
 capitals, as shown here.
 The following terms are used within this document:
 o  system-controlled interface: An interface is said to be system-
    controlled if the system creates and deletes the interface
    independently of what has been explicitly configured.  Examples
    are interfaces representing physical hardware that appear and
    disappear when hardware (e.g., a line card or hot-pluggable
    wireless interface) is added or removed.  System-controlled
    interfaces may also appear if a certain functionality is enabled
    (e.g., a loopback interface might appear if the IP protocol stack
    is enabled).

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 3] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

 o  user-controlled interface: An interface is said to be user-
    controlled if the creation of the interface is controlled by
    adding explicit interface configuration to the intended
    configuration and the removal of the interface is controlled by
    removing explicit interface configuration from the intended
    configuration.  Examples are VLAN interfaces configured on a
    system-controlled Ethernet interface.
 The following terms are defined in [RFC8342] and are not redefined
 here:
 o  client
 o  server
 o  configuration
 o  system state
 o  operational state
 o  intended configuration
 o  running configuration datastore
 o  operational state datastore
 The following terms are defined in [RFC7950] and are not redefined
 here:
 o  augment
 o  data model
 o  data node

1.3. Tree Diagrams

 Tree diagrams used in this document follow the notation defined in
 [RFC8340].

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 4] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

2. Objectives

 This section describes some of the design objectives for the model
 presented in Section 5.
 o  It is recognized that existing implementations will have to map
    the interface data model defined in this memo to their proprietary
    native data model.  To facilitate such mappings, the data model
    should be simple.
 o  The data model should be suitable for new implementations to use
    as is, without requiring a mapping to a different native model.
 o  References to interfaces should be as simple as possible,
    preferably by using a single leafref.
 o  The mapping to ifIndex [RFC2863] used by the Simple Network
    Management Protocol (SNMP) to identify interfaces must be clear.
 o  The model must support interface layering: both (1) simple
    layering, where one interface is layered on top of exactly one
    other interface, and (2) more complex scenarios, where one
    interface results from the aggregation of N other interfaces or
    when N interfaces are multiplexed over one other interface.
 o  The data model should support the pre-provisioning of interface
    configuration; that is, it should be possible to configure an
    interface whose physical interface hardware is not present on the
    device.  It is recommended that devices that support dynamic
    addition and removal of physical interfaces also support
    pre-provisioning.
 o  The data model should support physical interfaces as well as
    logical interfaces.
 o  The data model should include read-only counters in order to
    gather statistics for sent and received octets and packets,
    received packets with errors, and packets that could not be sent
    due to errors.

3. Interfaces Data Model

 This document defines the YANG module "ietf-interfaces", which has
 the following structure, excluding the deprecated "/interfaces-state"
 subtree:

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 5] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

 module: ietf-interfaces
   +--rw interfaces
      +--rw interface* [name]
         +--rw name                        string
         +--rw description?                string
         +--rw type                        identityref
         +--rw enabled?                    boolean
         +--rw link-up-down-trap-enable?   enumeration {if-mib}?
         +--ro admin-status                enumeration {if-mib}?
         +--ro oper-status                 enumeration
         +--ro last-change?                yang:date-and-time
         +--ro if-index                    int32 {if-mib}?
         +--ro phys-address?               yang:phys-address
         +--ro higher-layer-if*            interface-ref
         +--ro lower-layer-if*             interface-ref
         +--ro speed?                      yang:gauge64
         +--ro statistics
            +--ro discontinuity-time    yang:date-and-time
            +--ro in-octets?            yang:counter64
            +--ro in-unicast-pkts?      yang:counter64
            +--ro in-broadcast-pkts?    yang:counter64
            +--ro in-multicast-pkts?    yang:counter64
            +--ro in-discards?          yang:counter32
            +--ro in-errors?            yang:counter32
            +--ro in-unknown-protos?    yang:counter32
            +--ro out-octets?           yang:counter64
            +--ro out-unicast-pkts?     yang:counter64
            +--ro out-broadcast-pkts?   yang:counter64
            +--ro out-multicast-pkts?   yang:counter64
            +--ro out-discards?         yang:counter32
            +--ro out-errors?           yang:counter32

3.1. The Interface List

 The data model for interfaces presented in this document uses a flat
 list of interfaces ("/interfaces/interface").  Each interface in the
 list is identified by its name.  Furthermore, each interface has a
 mandatory "type" leaf.
 The "iana-if-type" module [RFC7224] defines YANG identities for the
 interface types in the IANA-maintained "ifType definitions" registry.
 It is expected that interface-type-specific data models augment the
 interface list and possibly use the "type" leaf to make the
 augmentation conditional.

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 6] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

 As an example of such an interface-type-specific augmentation,
 consider this YANG snippet.  For a more complete example, see
 Appendix A.
   import interfaces {
       prefix "if";
   }
   import iana-if-type {
     prefix ianaift;
   }
   augment "/if:interfaces/if:interface" {
       when "if:type = 'ianaift:ethernetCsmacd'";
       container ethernet {
           leaf duplex {
               ...
           }
       }
   }
 For system-controlled interfaces, the "name" is the device-specific
 name of the interface.
 If the device supports arbitrarily named user-controlled interfaces,
 then the server will advertise the "arbitrary-names" feature.  If the
 server does not advertise this feature, the names of user-controlled
 interfaces MUST match the device's naming scheme.  How a client can
 learn the naming scheme of such devices is outside the scope of this
 document.  See Appendices F.1 and F.2 for examples.
 When a system-controlled interface is created in the operational
 state by the system, the system tries to apply the interface
 configuration in the intended configuration with the same name as the
 new interface.  If no such interface configuration is found, or if
 the configured type does not match the real interface type, the
 system creates the interface without applying explicit configuration.
 When a user-controlled interface is created, the configuration
 determines the name of the interface.
 Depending on the operating system and the physical attachment point
 to which a network interface may be attached or removed, it may be
 impossible for an implementation to provide predictable and
 consistent names for system-controlled interfaces across insertion/
 removal cycles as well as in anticipation of initial insertion.  The
 ability to provide configurations for such interfaces is therefore
 dependent on the implementation and cannot be assumed in all cases.

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 7] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

3.2. Interface References

 An interface is identified by its name, which is unique within the
 server.  This property is captured in the "interface-ref" typedef,
 which other YANG modules SHOULD use when they need to reference an
 interface.

3.3. Interface Layering

 There is no generic mechanism for how an interface is configured to
 be layered on top of some other interface.  It is expected that
 interface-type-specific models define their own data nodes for
 interface layering by using "interface-ref" types to reference lower
 layers.
 Below is an example of a model with such nodes.  For a more complete
 example, see Appendix B.
   import interfaces {
       prefix "if";
   }
   import iana-if-type {
     prefix ianaift;
   }
   augment "/if:interfaces/if:interface" {
       when "if:type = 'ianaift:ieee8023adLag'";
       leaf-list slave-if {
           type if:interface-ref;
           must "/if:interfaces/if:interface[if:name = current()]"
              + "/if:type = 'ianaift:ethernetCsmacd'" {
               description
                   "The type of a slave interface must be
                    'ethernetCsmacd'.";
           }
       }
       // other bonding config params, failover times, etc.
   }
 While the interface layering is configured in interface-type-specific
 models, two generic state data leaf-lists, "higher-layer-if" and
 "lower-layer-if", represent a read-only view of the interface
 layering hierarchy.

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 8] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

4. Relationship to the IF-MIB

 If the device implements the IF-MIB [RFC2863], each entry in the
 "/interfaces/interface" list in the operational state is typically
 mapped to one ifEntry.  The "if-index" leaf MUST contain the value of
 the corresponding ifEntry's ifIndex.
 In most cases, the "name" of an "/interfaces/interface" entry is
 mapped to ifName.  The IF-MIB allows two different ifEntries to have
 the same ifName.  Devices that support this feature and also support
 the data model defined in this document cannot have a 1-1 mapping
 between the "name" leaf and ifName.
 The configured "description" of an "interface" has traditionally been
 mapped to ifAlias in some implementations.  This document allows this
 mapping, but implementers should be aware of the differences in the
 value space and persistence for these objects.  See the YANG module
 definition of the leaf "description" in Section 5 for details.
 The IF-MIB also defines the writable object ifPromiscuousMode.  Since
 this object typically is not implemented as a configuration object by
 SNMP agents, it is not mapped to the "ietf-interfaces" module.
 The ifMtu object from the IF-MIB is not mapped to the
 "ietf-interfaces" module.  It is expected that interface-type-
 specific YANG modules provide interface-type-specific MTU leafs by
 augmenting the "ietf-interfaces" model.
 There are a number of counters in the IF-MIB that exist in two
 versions: one with 32 bits and one with 64 bits.  The 64-bit versions
 were added to support high-speed interfaces with a data rate greater
 than 20,000,000 bits/second.  Today's implementations generally
 support such high-speed interfaces; hence, only 64-bit counters are
 provided in this data model.  Note that the server that implements
 this module and an SNMP agent may differ in the time granularity in
 which they provide access to the counters.  For example, it is common
 that SNMP implementations cache counter values for some time.
 The objects ifDescr and ifConnectorPresent from the IF-MIB are not
 mapped to the "ietf-interfaces" module.
 The following table lists the YANG data nodes with corresponding
 objects in the IF-MIB.

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 9] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

 +--------------------------------------+----------------------------+
 | YANG data node in                    | IF-MIB object              |
 | /interfaces/interface                |                            |
 +--------------------------------------+----------------------------+
 | name                                 | ifName                     |
 | type                                 | ifType                     |
 | description                          | ifAlias                    |
 | admin-status                         | ifAdminStatus              |
 | oper-status                          | ifOperStatus               |
 | last-change                          | ifLastChange               |
 | if-index                             | ifIndex                    |
 | link-up-down-trap-enable             | ifLinkUpDownTrapEnable     |
 | phys-address                         | ifPhysAddress              |
 | higher-layer-if and lower-layer-if   | ifStackTable               |
 | speed                                | ifSpeed and ifHighSpeed    |
 | discontinuity-time                   | ifCounterDiscontinuityTime |
 | in-octets                            | ifHCInOctets               |
 | in-unicast-pkts                      | ifHCInUcastPkts            |
 | in-broadcast-pkts                    | ifHCInBroadcastPkts        |
 | in-multicast-pkts                    | ifHCInMulticastPkts        |
 | in-discards                          | ifInDiscards               |
 | in-errors                            | ifInErrors                 |
 | in-unknown-protos                    | ifInUnknownProtos          |
 | out-octets                           | ifHCOutOctets              |
 | out-unicast-pkts                     | ifHCOutUcastPkts           |
 | out-broadcast-pkts                   | ifHCOutBroadcastPkts       |
 | out-multicast-pkts                   | ifHCOutMulticastPkts       |
 | out-discards                         | ifOutDiscards              |
 | out-errors                           | ifOutErrors                |
 +--------------------------------------+----------------------------+
              YANG Data Nodes and Related IF-MIB Objects

5. Interfaces YANG Module

 This YANG module imports typedefs from [RFC6991].
 <CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-interfaces@2018-02-20.yang"
 module ietf-interfaces {
   yang-version 1.1;
   namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-interfaces";
   prefix if;
   import ietf-yang-types {
     prefix yang;
   }

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 10] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

   organization
     "IETF NETMOD (Network Modeling) Working Group";
   contact
     "WG Web:   <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/netmod/>
      WG List:  <mailto:netmod@ietf.org>
      Editor:   Martin Bjorklund
                <mailto:mbj@tail-f.com>";
   description
     "This module contains a collection of YANG definitions for
      managing network interfaces.
      Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
      authors of the code.  All rights reserved.
      Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
      without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject
      to the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License
      set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
      Relating to IETF Documents
      (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
      This version of this YANG module is part of RFC 8343; see
      the RFC itself for full legal notices.";
   revision 2018-02-20 {
     description
       "Updated to support NMDA.";
     reference
       "RFC 8343: A YANG Data Model for Interface Management";
   }
   revision 2014-05-08 {
     description
       "Initial revision.";
     reference
       "RFC 7223: A YANG Data Model for Interface Management";
   }
   /*
    * Typedefs
    */
   typedef interface-ref {
     type leafref {
       path "/if:interfaces/if:interface/if:name";

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 11] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

     }
     description
       "This type is used by data models that need to reference
        interfaces.";
   }
   /*
    * Identities
    */
   identity interface-type {
     description
       "Base identity from which specific interface types are
        derived.";
   }
   /*
    * Features
    */
   feature arbitrary-names {
     description
       "This feature indicates that the device allows user-controlled
        interfaces to be named arbitrarily.";
   }
   feature pre-provisioning {
     description
       "This feature indicates that the device supports
        pre-provisioning of interface configuration, i.e., it is
        possible to configure an interface whose physical interface
        hardware is not present on the device.";
   }
   feature if-mib {
     description
       "This feature indicates that the device implements
        the IF-MIB.";
     reference
       "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB";
   }
   /*
    * Data nodes
    */
   container interfaces {
     description
       "Interface parameters.";

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 12] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

     list interface {
       key "name";
       description
         "The list of interfaces on the device.
          The status of an interface is available in this list in the
          operational state.  If the configuration of a
          system-controlled interface cannot be used by the system
          (e.g., the interface hardware present does not match the
          interface type), then the configuration is not applied to
          the system-controlled interface shown in the operational
          state.  If the configuration of a user-controlled interface
          cannot be used by the system, the configured interface is
          not instantiated in the operational state.
          System-controlled interfaces created by the system are
          always present in this list in the operational state,
          whether or not they are configured.";
      leaf name {
         type string;
         description
           "The name of the interface.
            A device MAY restrict the allowed values for this leaf,
            possibly depending on the type of the interface.
            For system-controlled interfaces, this leaf is the
            device-specific name of the interface.
            If a client tries to create configuration for a
            system-controlled interface that is not present in the
            operational state, the server MAY reject the request if
            the implementation does not support pre-provisioning of
            interfaces or if the name refers to an interface that can
            never exist in the system.  A Network Configuration
            Protocol (NETCONF) server MUST reply with an rpc-error
            with the error-tag 'invalid-value' in this case.
            If the device supports pre-provisioning of interface
            configuration, the 'pre-provisioning' feature is
            advertised.
            If the device allows arbitrarily named user-controlled
            interfaces, the 'arbitrary-names' feature is advertised.

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 13] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

            When a configured user-controlled interface is created by
            the system, it is instantiated with the same name in the
            operational state.
            A server implementation MAY map this leaf to the ifName
            MIB object.  Such an implementation needs to use some
            mechanism to handle the differences in size and characters
            allowed between this leaf and ifName.  The definition of
            such a mechanism is outside the scope of this document.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifName";
       }
       leaf description {
         type string;
         description
           "A textual description of the interface.
            A server implementation MAY map this leaf to the ifAlias
            MIB object.  Such an implementation needs to use some
            mechanism to handle the differences in size and characters
            allowed between this leaf and ifAlias.  The definition of
            such a mechanism is outside the scope of this document.
            Since ifAlias is defined to be stored in non-volatile
            storage, the MIB implementation MUST map ifAlias to the
            value of 'description' in the persistently stored
            configuration.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifAlias";
       }
       leaf type {
         type identityref {
           base interface-type;
         }
         mandatory true;
         description
           "The type of the interface.
            When an interface entry is created, a server MAY
            initialize the type leaf with a valid value, e.g., if it
            is possible to derive the type from the name of the
            interface.
            If a client tries to set the type of an interface to a
            value that can never be used by the system, e.g., if the
            type is not supported or if the type does not match the

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 14] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

            name of the interface, the server MUST reject the request.
            A NETCONF server MUST reply with an rpc-error with the
            error-tag 'invalid-value' in this case.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifType";
       }
       leaf enabled {
         type boolean;
         default "true";
         description
           "This leaf contains the configured, desired state of the
            interface.
            Systems that implement the IF-MIB use the value of this
            leaf in the intended configuration to set
            IF-MIB.ifAdminStatus to 'up' or 'down' after an ifEntry
            has been initialized, as described in RFC 2863.
            Changes in this leaf in the intended configuration are
            reflected in ifAdminStatus.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifAdminStatus";
       }
       leaf link-up-down-trap-enable {
         if-feature if-mib;
         type enumeration {
           enum enabled {
             value 1;
             description
               "The device will generate linkUp/linkDown SNMP
                notifications for this interface.";
           }
           enum disabled {
             value 2;
             description
               "The device will not generate linkUp/linkDown SNMP
                notifications for this interface.";
           }
         }
         description
           "Controls whether linkUp/linkDown SNMP notifications
            should be generated for this interface.

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 15] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

            If this node is not configured, the value 'enabled' is
            operationally used by the server for interfaces that do
            not operate on top of any other interface (i.e., there are
            no 'lower-layer-if' entries), and 'disabled' otherwise.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB -
                      ifLinkUpDownTrapEnable";
       }
       leaf admin-status {
         if-feature if-mib;
         type enumeration {
           enum up {
             value 1;
             description
               "Ready to pass packets.";
           }
           enum down {
             value 2;
             description
               "Not ready to pass packets and not in some test mode.";
           }
           enum testing {
             value 3;
             description
               "In some test mode.";
           }
         }
         config false;
         mandatory true;
         description
           "The desired state of the interface.
            This leaf has the same read semantics as ifAdminStatus.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifAdminStatus";
       }
       leaf oper-status {
         type enumeration {
           enum up {
             value 1;
             description
               "Ready to pass packets.";
           }
           enum down {
             value 2;

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 16] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

             description
               "The interface does not pass any packets.";
           }
           enum testing {
             value 3;
             description
               "In some test mode.  No operational packets can
                be passed.";
           }
           enum unknown {
             value 4;
             description
               "Status cannot be determined for some reason.";
           }
           enum dormant {
             value 5;
             description
               "Waiting for some external event.";
           }
           enum not-present {
             value 6;
             description
               "Some component (typically hardware) is missing.";
           }
           enum lower-layer-down {
             value 7;
             description
               "Down due to state of lower-layer interface(s).";
           }
         }
         config false;
         mandatory true;
         description
           "The current operational state of the interface.
            This leaf has the same semantics as ifOperStatus.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifOperStatus";
       }
       leaf last-change {
         type yang:date-and-time;
         config false;
         description
           "The time the interface entered its current operational
            state.  If the current state was entered prior to the
            last re-initialization of the local network management
            subsystem, then this node is not present.";

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 17] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifLastChange";
       }
       leaf if-index {
         if-feature if-mib;
         type int32 {
           range "1..2147483647";
         }
         config false;
         mandatory true;
         description
           "The ifIndex value for the ifEntry represented by this
            interface.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifIndex";
       }
       leaf phys-address {
         type yang:phys-address;
         config false;
         description
           "The interface's address at its protocol sub-layer.  For
            example, for an 802.x interface, this object normally
            contains a Media Access Control (MAC) address.  The
            interface's media-specific modules must define the bit
            and byte ordering and the format of the value of this
            object.  For interfaces that do not have such an address
            (e.g., a serial line), this node is not present.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifPhysAddress";
       }
       leaf-list higher-layer-if {
         type interface-ref;
         config false;
         description
           "A list of references to interfaces layered on top of this
            interface.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifStackTable";
       }
       leaf-list lower-layer-if {
         type interface-ref;
         config false;

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 18] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

         description
           "A list of references to interfaces layered underneath this
            interface.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifStackTable";
       }
       leaf speed {
         type yang:gauge64;
         units "bits/second";
         config false;
         description
             "An estimate of the interface's current bandwidth in bits
              per second.  For interfaces that do not vary in
              bandwidth or for those where no accurate estimation can
              be made, this node should contain the nominal bandwidth.
              For interfaces that have no concept of bandwidth, this
              node is not present.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB -
                      ifSpeed, ifHighSpeed";
       }
       container statistics {
         config false;
         description
           "A collection of interface-related statistics objects.";
         leaf discontinuity-time {
           type yang:date-and-time;
           mandatory true;
           description
             "The time on the most recent occasion at which any one or
              more of this interface's counters suffered a
              discontinuity.  If no such discontinuities have occurred
              since the last re-initialization of the local management
              subsystem, then this node contains the time the local
              management subsystem re-initialized itself.";
         }
         leaf in-octets {
           type yang:counter64;
           description
             "The total number of octets received on the interface,
              including framing characters.

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 19] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifHCInOctets";
         }
         leaf in-unicast-pkts {
           type yang:counter64;
           description
             "The number of packets, delivered by this sub-layer to a
              higher (sub-)layer, that were not addressed to a
              multicast or broadcast address at this sub-layer.
              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifHCInUcastPkts";
         }
         leaf in-broadcast-pkts {
           type yang:counter64;
           description
             "The number of packets, delivered by this sub-layer to a
              higher (sub-)layer, that were addressed to a broadcast
              address at this sub-layer.
              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB -
                        ifHCInBroadcastPkts";
         }
         leaf in-multicast-pkts {
           type yang:counter64;
           description
             "The number of packets, delivered by this sub-layer to a
              higher (sub-)layer, that were addressed to a multicast
              address at this sub-layer.  For a MAC-layer protocol,
              this includes both Group and Functional addresses.

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 20] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB -
                        ifHCInMulticastPkts";
         }
         leaf in-discards {
           type yang:counter32;
           description
             "The number of inbound packets that were chosen to be
              discarded even though no errors had been detected to
              prevent their being deliverable to a higher-layer
              protocol.  One possible reason for discarding such a
              packet could be to free up buffer space.
              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifInDiscards";
         }
         leaf in-errors {
           type yang:counter32;
           description
             "For packet-oriented interfaces, the number of inbound
              packets that contained errors preventing them from being
              deliverable to a higher-layer protocol.  For character-
              oriented or fixed-length interfaces, the number of
              inbound transmission units that contained errors
              preventing them from being deliverable to a higher-layer
              protocol.
              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifInErrors";
         }
         leaf in-unknown-protos {
           type yang:counter32;

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 21] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

           description
             "For packet-oriented interfaces, the number of packets
              received via the interface that were discarded because
              of an unknown or unsupported protocol.  For
              character-oriented or fixed-length interfaces that
              support protocol multiplexing, the number of
              transmission units received via the interface that were
              discarded because of an unknown or unsupported protocol.
              For any interface that does not support protocol
              multiplexing, this counter is not present.
              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifInUnknownProtos";
         }
         leaf out-octets {
           type yang:counter64;
           description
             "The total number of octets transmitted out of the
              interface, including framing characters.
              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifHCOutOctets";
         }
         leaf out-unicast-pkts {
           type yang:counter64;
           description
             "The total number of packets that higher-level protocols
              requested be transmitted and that were not addressed
              to a multicast or broadcast address at this sub-layer,
              including those that were discarded or not sent.
              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifHCOutUcastPkts";

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 22] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

         }
         leaf out-broadcast-pkts {
           type yang:counter64;
           description
             "The total number of packets that higher-level protocols
              requested be transmitted and that were addressed to a
              broadcast address at this sub-layer, including those
              that were discarded or not sent.
              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB -
                        ifHCOutBroadcastPkts";
         }
         leaf out-multicast-pkts {
           type yang:counter64;
           description
             "The total number of packets that higher-level protocols
              requested be transmitted and that were addressed to a
              multicast address at this sub-layer, including those
              that were discarded or not sent.  For a MAC-layer
              protocol, this includes both Group and Functional
              addresses.
              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB -
                        ifHCOutMulticastPkts";
         }
         leaf out-discards {
           type yang:counter32;
           description
             "The number of outbound packets that were chosen to be
              discarded even though no errors had been detected to
              prevent their being transmitted.  One possible reason
              for discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer
              space.

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 23] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifOutDiscards";
         }
         leaf out-errors {
           type yang:counter32;
           description
             "For packet-oriented interfaces, the number of outbound
              packets that could not be transmitted because of errors.
              For character-oriented or fixed-length interfaces, the
              number of outbound transmission units that could not be
              transmitted because of errors.
              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifOutErrors";
         }
       }
     }
   }
   /*
    * Legacy typedefs
    */
   typedef interface-state-ref {
     type leafref {
       path "/if:interfaces-state/if:interface/if:name";
     }
     status deprecated;
     description
       "This type is used by data models that need to reference
        the operationally present interfaces.";
   }
   /*
    * Legacy operational state data nodes
    */
   container interfaces-state {

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 24] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

     config false;
     status deprecated;
     description
       "Data nodes for the operational state of interfaces.";
     list interface {
       key "name";
       status deprecated;
       description
         "The list of interfaces on the device.
          System-controlled interfaces created by the system are
          always present in this list, whether or not they are
          configured.";
       leaf name {
         type string;
         status deprecated;
         description
           "The name of the interface.
            A server implementation MAY map this leaf to the ifName
            MIB object.  Such an implementation needs to use some
            mechanism to handle the differences in size and characters
            allowed between this leaf and ifName.  The definition of
            such a mechanism is outside the scope of this document.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifName";
       }
       leaf type {
         type identityref {
           base interface-type;
         }
         mandatory true;
         status deprecated;
         description
           "The type of the interface.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifType";
       }
       leaf admin-status {
         if-feature if-mib;
         type enumeration {
           enum up {
             value 1;

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 25] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

             description
               "Ready to pass packets.";
           }
           enum down {
             value 2;
             description
               "Not ready to pass packets and not in some test mode.";
           }
           enum testing {
             value 3;
             description
               "In some test mode.";
           }
         }
         mandatory true;
         status deprecated;
         description
           "The desired state of the interface.
            This leaf has the same read semantics as ifAdminStatus.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifAdminStatus";
       }
       leaf oper-status {
         type enumeration {
           enum up {
             value 1;
             description
               "Ready to pass packets.";
           }
           enum down {
             value 2;
             description
               "The interface does not pass any packets.";
           }
           enum testing {
             value 3;
             description
               "In some test mode.  No operational packets can
                be passed.";
           }
           enum unknown {
             value 4;
             description
               "Status cannot be determined for some reason.";
           }
           enum dormant {

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 26] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

             value 5;
             description
               "Waiting for some external event.";
           }
           enum not-present {
             value 6;
             description
               "Some component (typically hardware) is missing.";
           }
           enum lower-layer-down {
             value 7;
             description
               "Down due to state of lower-layer interface(s).";
           }
         }
         mandatory true;
         status deprecated;
         description
           "The current operational state of the interface.
            This leaf has the same semantics as ifOperStatus.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifOperStatus";
       }
       leaf last-change {
         type yang:date-and-time;
         status deprecated;
         description
           "The time the interface entered its current operational
            state.  If the current state was entered prior to the
            last re-initialization of the local network management
            subsystem, then this node is not present.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifLastChange";
       }
       leaf if-index {
         if-feature if-mib;
         type int32 {
           range "1..2147483647";
         }
         mandatory true;
         status deprecated;
         description
           "The ifIndex value for the ifEntry represented by this
            interface.";

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 27] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifIndex";
       }
       leaf phys-address {
         type yang:phys-address;
         status deprecated;
         description
           "The interface's address at its protocol sub-layer.  For
            example, for an 802.x interface, this object normally
            contains a Media Access Control (MAC) address.  The
            interface's media-specific modules must define the bit
            and byte ordering and the format of the value of this
            object.  For interfaces that do not have such an address
            (e.g., a serial line), this node is not present.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifPhysAddress";
       }
       leaf-list higher-layer-if {
         type interface-state-ref;
         status deprecated;
         description
           "A list of references to interfaces layered on top of this
            interface.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifStackTable";
       }
       leaf-list lower-layer-if {
         type interface-state-ref;
         status deprecated;
         description
           "A list of references to interfaces layered underneath this
            interface.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifStackTable";
       }
       leaf speed {
         type yang:gauge64;
         units "bits/second";
         status deprecated;
         description
             "An estimate of the interface's current bandwidth in bits
              per second.  For interfaces that do not vary in
              bandwidth or for those where no accurate estimation can

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 28] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

              be made, this node should contain the nominal bandwidth.
              For interfaces that have no concept of bandwidth, this
              node is not present.";
         reference
           "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB -
                      ifSpeed, ifHighSpeed";
       }
       container statistics {
         status deprecated;
         description
           "A collection of interface-related statistics objects.";
         leaf discontinuity-time {
           type yang:date-and-time;
           mandatory true;
           status deprecated;
           description
             "The time on the most recent occasion at which any one or
              more of this interface's counters suffered a
              discontinuity.  If no such discontinuities have occurred
              since the last re-initialization of the local management
              subsystem, then this node contains the time the local
              management subsystem re-initialized itself.";
         }
         leaf in-octets {
           type yang:counter64;
           status deprecated;
           description
             "The total number of octets received on the interface,
              including framing characters.
              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifHCInOctets";
         }
         leaf in-unicast-pkts {
           type yang:counter64;
           status deprecated;
           description
             "The number of packets, delivered by this sub-layer to a
              higher (sub-)layer, that were not addressed to a
              multicast or broadcast address at this sub-layer.

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 29] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifHCInUcastPkts";
         }
         leaf in-broadcast-pkts {
           type yang:counter64;
           status deprecated;
           description
             "The number of packets, delivered by this sub-layer to a
              higher (sub-)layer, that were addressed to a broadcast
              address at this sub-layer.
              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB -
                        ifHCInBroadcastPkts";
         }
         leaf in-multicast-pkts {
           type yang:counter64;
           status deprecated;
           description
             "The number of packets, delivered by this sub-layer to a
              higher (sub-)layer, that were addressed to a multicast
              address at this sub-layer.  For a MAC-layer protocol,
              this includes both Group and Functional addresses.
              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB -
                        ifHCInMulticastPkts";
         }
         leaf in-discards {
           type yang:counter32;
           status deprecated;

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 30] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

           description
             "The number of inbound packets that were chosen to be
              discarded even though no errors had been detected to
              prevent their being deliverable to a higher-layer
              protocol.  One possible reason for discarding such a
              packet could be to free up buffer space.
              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifInDiscards";
         }
         leaf in-errors {
           type yang:counter32;
           status deprecated;
           description
             "For packet-oriented interfaces, the number of inbound
              packets that contained errors preventing them from being
              deliverable to a higher-layer protocol.  For character-
              oriented or fixed-length interfaces, the number of
              inbound transmission units that contained errors
              preventing them from being deliverable to a higher-layer
              protocol.
              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifInErrors";
         }
         leaf in-unknown-protos {
           type yang:counter32;
           status deprecated;
           description
             "For packet-oriented interfaces, the number of packets
              received via the interface that were discarded because
              of an unknown or unsupported protocol.  For
              character-oriented or fixed-length interfaces that
              support protocol multiplexing, the number of
              transmission units received via the interface that were
              discarded because of an unknown or unsupported protocol.
              For any interface that does not support protocol
              multiplexing, this counter is not present.

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 31] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifInUnknownProtos";
         }
         leaf out-octets {
           type yang:counter64;
           status deprecated;
           description
             "The total number of octets transmitted out of the
              interface, including framing characters.
              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifHCOutOctets";
         }
         leaf out-unicast-pkts {
           type yang:counter64;
           status deprecated;
           description
             "The total number of packets that higher-level protocols
              requested be transmitted and that were not addressed
              to a multicast or broadcast address at this sub-layer,
              including those that were discarded or not sent.
              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifHCOutUcastPkts";
         }
         leaf out-broadcast-pkts {
           type yang:counter64;
           status deprecated;

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 32] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

           description
             "The total number of packets that higher-level protocols
              requested be transmitted and that were addressed to a
              broadcast address at this sub-layer, including those
              that were discarded or not sent.
              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB -
                        ifHCOutBroadcastPkts";
         }
         leaf out-multicast-pkts {
           type yang:counter64;
           status deprecated;
           description
             "The total number of packets that higher-level protocols
              requested be transmitted and that were addressed to a
              multicast address at this sub-layer, including those
              that were discarded or not sent.  For a MAC-layer
              protocol, this includes both Group and Functional
              addresses.
              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB -
                        ifHCOutMulticastPkts";
         }
         leaf out-discards {
           type yang:counter32;
           status deprecated;
           description
             "The number of outbound packets that were chosen to be
              discarded even though no errors had been detected to
              prevent their being transmitted.  One possible reason
              for discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer
              space.

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 33] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifOutDiscards";
         }
         leaf out-errors {
           type yang:counter32;
           status deprecated;
           description
             "For packet-oriented interfaces, the number of outbound
              packets that could not be transmitted because of errors.
              For character-oriented or fixed-length interfaces, the
              number of outbound transmission units that could not be
              transmitted because of errors.
              Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur
              at re-initialization of the management system and at
              other times as indicated by the value of
              'discontinuity-time'.";
           reference
             "RFC 2863: The Interfaces Group MIB - ifOutErrors";
         }
       }
     }
   }
 }
 <CODE ENDS>

6. IANA Considerations

 This document registers a URI in the "IETF XML Registry" [RFC3688].
 Following the format in RFC 3688, the following registration has been
 made.
   URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-interfaces
   Registrant Contact: The IESG.
   XML: N/A, the requested URI is an XML namespace.

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 34] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

 This document registers a YANG module in the "YANG Module Names"
 registry [RFC6020].
   name:         ietf-interfaces
   namespace:    urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-interfaces
   prefix:       if
   reference:    RFC 8343

7. Security Considerations

 The YANG module specified in this document defines a schema for data
 that is designed to be accessed via network management protocols such
 as NETCONF [RFC6241] or RESTCONF [RFC8040].  The lowest NETCONF layer
 is the secure transport layer, and the mandatory-to-implement secure
 transport is Secure Shell (SSH) [RFC6242].  The lowest RESTCONF layer
 is HTTPS, and the mandatory-to-implement secure transport is TLS
 [RFC5246].
 The NETCONF access control model [RFC8341] provides the means to
 restrict access for particular NETCONF or RESTCONF users to a
 preconfigured subset of all available NETCONF or RESTCONF protocol
 operations and content.
 There are a number of data nodes defined in this YANG module that are
 writable/creatable/deletable (i.e., config true, which is the
 default).  These data nodes may be considered sensitive or vulnerable
 in some network environments.  Write operations (e.g., edit-config)
 to these data nodes without proper protection can have a negative
 effect on network operations.  These are the subtrees and data nodes
 and their sensitivity/vulnerability:
 /interfaces/interface:  This list specifies the configured interfaces
    on a device.  Unauthorized access to this list could cause the
    device to ignore packets it should receive and process.
 /interfaces/interface/enabled:  This leaf controls whether or not an
    interface is enabled.  Unauthorized access to this leaf could
    cause the device to ignore packets it should receive and process.

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 35] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

8. References

8.1. Normative References

 [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
            Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
            DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
            <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
 [RFC2863]  McCloghrie, K. and F. Kastenholz, "The Interfaces Group
            MIB", RFC 2863, DOI 10.17487/RFC2863, June 2000,
            <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2863>.
 [RFC3688]  Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
            DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004,
            <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>.
 [RFC5246]  Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
            (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246,
            DOI 10.17487/RFC5246, August 2008,
            <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5246>.
 [RFC6020]  Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for
            the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020,
            DOI 10.17487/RFC6020, October 2010,
            <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6020>.
 [RFC6241]  Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed.,
            and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol
            (NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011,
            <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>.
 [RFC6242]  Wasserman, M., "Using the NETCONF Protocol over Secure
            Shell (SSH)", RFC 6242, DOI 10.17487/RFC6242, June 2011,
            <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6242>.
 [RFC6991]  Schoenwaelder, J., Ed., "Common YANG Data Types",
            RFC 6991, DOI 10.17487/RFC6991, July 2013,
            <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6991>.
 [RFC7950]  Bjorklund, M., Ed., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language",
            RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, August 2016,
            <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7950>.
 [RFC8040]  Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF
            Protocol", RFC 8040, DOI 10.17487/RFC8040, January 2017,
            <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8040>.

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 36] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

 [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
            2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
            May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
 [RFC8341]  Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "Network Configuration
            Access Control Model", STD 91, RFC 8341,
            DOI 10.17487/RFC8341, March 2018,
            <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8341>.
 [RFC8342]  Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., Shafer, P., Watsen, K.,
            and R. Wilton, "Network Management Datastore Architecture
            (NMDA)", RFC 8342, DOI 10.17487/RFC8342, March 2018,
            <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8342>.

8.2. Informative References

 [RFC7224]  Bjorklund, M., "IANA Interface Type YANG Module",
            RFC 7224, DOI 10.17487/RFC7224, May 2014,
            <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7224>.
 [RFC8340]  Bjorklund, M. and L. Berger, Ed., "YANG Tree Diagrams",
            BCP 215, RFC 8340, DOI 10.17487/RFC8340, March 2018,
            <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8340>.

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 37] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

Appendix A. Example: Ethernet Interface Module

 This section gives a simple example of how an Ethernet interface
 module could be defined.  It demonstrates how media-specific
 configuration parameters can be conditionally augmented to the
 generic interface list.  It also shows how operational state
 parameters can be conditionally augmented to the operational
 interface list.  The example is not intended as a complete module for
 Ethernet configuration.
 module example-ethernet {
   namespace "http://example.com/ethernet";
   prefix "eth";
   import ietf-interfaces {
     prefix if;
   }
   import iana-if-type {
     prefix ianaift;
   }
   // configuration and state parameters for Ethernet interfaces
   augment "/if:interfaces/if:interface" {
     when "if:type = 'ianaift:ethernetCsmacd'";
     container ethernet {
       container transmission {
         choice transmission-params {
           case auto {
             leaf auto-negotiate {
               type empty;
             }
           }
           case manual {
             container manual {
               leaf duplex {
                 type enumeration {
                   enum "half";
                   enum "full";
                 }
               }
               leaf speed {
                 type enumeration {
                   enum "10Mb";
                   enum "100Mb";
                   enum "1Gb";
                   enum "10Gb";
                 }

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 38] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

               }
             }
           }
         }
         leaf duplex {
           type enumeration {
             enum "half";
             enum "full";
           }
           config false;
         }
       }
       // other Ethernet-specific params...
     }
   }
 }

Appendix B. Example: Ethernet Bonding Interface Module

 This section gives an example of how interface layering can be
 defined.  An Ethernet bonding interface that bonds several Ethernet
 interfaces into one logical interface is defined.
 module example-ethernet-bonding {
   namespace "http://example.com/ethernet-bonding";
   prefix "bond";
   import ietf-interfaces {
     prefix if;
   }
   import iana-if-type {
     prefix ianaift;
   }
   augment "/if:interfaces/if:interface" {
     when "if:type = 'ianaift:ieee8023adLag'";
     leaf-list slave-if {
       type if:interface-ref;
       must "/if:interfaces/if:interface[if:name = current()]"
          + "/if:type = 'ianaift:ethernetCsmacd'" {
         description
           "The type of a slave interface must be 'ethernetCsmacd'.";
       }
     }
     leaf bonding-mode {
       type enumeration {
         enum round-robin;

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 39] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

         enum active-backup;
         enum broadcast;
       }
     }
     // other bonding config params, failover times, etc.
   }
 }

Appendix C. Example: VLAN Interface Module

 This section gives an example of how a VLAN interface module can be
 defined.
 module example-vlan {
   namespace "http://example.com/vlan";
   prefix "vlan";
   import ietf-interfaces {
     prefix if;
   }
   import iana-if-type {
     prefix ianaift;
   }
   augment "/if:interfaces/if:interface" {
     when "if:type = 'ianaift:ethernetCsmacd' or
           if:type = 'ianaift:ieee8023adLag'";
     leaf vlan-tagging {
       type boolean;
       default false;
     }
   }
   augment "/if:interfaces/if:interface" {
     when "if:type = 'ianaift:l2vlan'";
     leaf base-interface {
       type if:interface-ref;
       must "/if:interfaces/if:interface[if:name = current()]"
          + "/vlan:vlan-tagging = 'true'" {
         description
           "The base interface must have VLAN tagging enabled.";
       }
     }
     leaf vlan-id {
       type uint16 {
         range "1..4094";
       }

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 40] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

       must "../base-interface" {
         description
           "If a vlan-id is defined, a base-interface must
            be specified.";
       }
     }
   }
 }

Appendix D. Example: NETCONF <get-config> Reply

 This section gives an example of a reply to the NETCONF <get-config>
 request for the running configuration datastore for a device that
 implements the example data models above.
 <rpc-reply
     xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0"
     message-id="101">
   <data>
     <interfaces
         xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-interfaces"
         xmlns:ianaift="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:iana-if-type"
         xmlns:vlan="http://example.com/vlan">
       <interface>
         <name>eth0</name>
         <type>ianaift:ethernetCsmacd</type>
         <enabled>false</enabled>
       </interface>
       <interface>
         <name>eth1</name>
         <type>ianaift:ethernetCsmacd</type>
         <enabled>true</enabled>
         <vlan:vlan-tagging>true</vlan:vlan-tagging>
       </interface>
       <interface>
         <name>eth1.10</name>
         <type>ianaift:l2vlan</type>
         <enabled>true</enabled>
         <vlan:base-interface>eth1</vlan:base-interface>
         <vlan:vlan-id>10</vlan:vlan-id>
       </interface>
       <interface>
         <name>lo1</name>
         <type>ianaift:softwareLoopback</type>

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 41] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

         <enabled>true</enabled>
       </interface>
     </interfaces>
   </data>
 </rpc-reply>

Appendix E. Example: NETCONF <get-data> Reply

 This section gives an example of a reply to the NETCONF <get-data>
 request for the operational state datastore for a device that
 implements the example data models above.
 This example uses the "origin" annotation, which is defined in the
 module "ietf-origin" [RFC8342].
 <rpc-reply
     xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0"
     message-id="101">
   <data xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-netconf-datastores">
     <interfaces
         xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-interfaces"
         xmlns:ianaift="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:iana-if-type"
         xmlns:vlan="http://example.com/vlan"
         xmlns:or="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-origin">
       <interface or:origin="or:intended">
         <name>eth0</name>
         <type>ianaift:ethernetCsmacd</type>
         <enabled>false</enabled>
         <admin-status>down</admin-status>
         <oper-status>down</oper-status>
         <if-index>2</if-index>
         <phys-address>00:01:02:03:04:05</phys-address>
         <statistics>
           <discontinuity-time>
             2013-04-01T03:00:00+00:00
           </discontinuity-time>
           <!-- counters now shown here -->
         </statistics>
       </interface>
       <interface or:origin="or:intended">
         <name>eth1</name>
         <type>ianaift:ethernetCsmacd</type>
         <enabled>true</enabled>
         <admin-status>up</admin-status>
         <oper-status>up</oper-status>

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 42] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

         <if-index>7</if-index>
         <phys-address>00:01:02:03:04:06</phys-address>
         <higher-layer-if>eth1.10</higher-layer-if>
         <statistics>
           <discontinuity-time>
             2013-04-01T03:00:00+00:00
           </discontinuity-time>
           <!-- counters now shown here -->
         </statistics>
         <vlan:vlan-tagging>true</vlan:vlan-tagging>
       </interface>
       <interface or:origin="or:intended">
         <name>eth1.10</name>
         <type>ianaift:l2vlan</type>
         <enabled>true</enabled>
         <admin-status>up</admin-status>
         <oper-status>up</oper-status>
         <if-index>9</if-index>
         <lower-layer-if>eth1</lower-layer-if>
         <statistics>
           <discontinuity-time>
             2013-04-01T03:00:00+00:00
           </discontinuity-time>
           <!-- counters now shown here -->
         </statistics>
         <vlan:base-interface>eth1</vlan:base-interface>
         <vlan:vlan-id>10</vlan:vlan-id>
       </interface>
       <!-- This interface is not configured -->
       <interface or:origin="or:system">
         <name>eth2</name>
         <type>ianaift:ethernetCsmacd</type>
         <admin-status>down</admin-status>
         <oper-status>down</oper-status>
         <if-index>8</if-index>
         <phys-address>00:01:02:03:04:07</phys-address>
         <statistics>
           <discontinuity-time>
             2013-04-01T03:00:00+00:00
           </discontinuity-time>
           <!-- counters now shown here -->
         </statistics>
       </interface>
       <interface or:origin="or:intended">
         <name>lo1</name>

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 43] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

         <type>ianaift:softwareLoopback</type>
         <enabled>true</enabled>
         <admin-status>up</admin-status>
         <oper-status>up</oper-status>
         <if-index>1</if-index>
         <statistics>
           <discontinuity-time>
             2013-04-01T03:00:00+00:00
           </discontinuity-time>
           <!-- counters now shown here -->
         </statistics>
       </interface>
     </interfaces>
   </data>
 </rpc-reply>

Appendix F. Examples: Interface Naming Schemes

 This section gives examples of some implementation strategies.
 The examples make use of the example data model "example-vlan" (see
 Appendix C) to show how user-controlled interfaces can be configured.

F.1. Router with Restricted Interface Names

 In this example, a router has support for 4 line cards, each with 8
 ports.  The slots for the cards are physically numbered from 0 to 3,
 and the ports on each card from 0 to 7.  Each card has Fast Ethernet
 or Gigabit Ethernet ports.
 The device-specific names for these physical interfaces are
 "fastethernet-N/M" or "gigabitethernet-N/M".
 The name of a VLAN interface is restricted to the form
 "<physical-interface-name>.<subinterface-number>".
 It is assumed that the operator is aware of this naming scheme.  The
 implementation auto-initializes the value for "type" based on the
 interface name.
 The NETCONF server does not advertise the "arbitrary-names" feature
 in the <hello> message.

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 44] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

 An operator can configure a physical interface by sending an
 <edit-config> containing:
   <interface nc:operation="create">
     <name>fastethernet-1/0</name>
   </interface>
 When the server processes this request, it will set the leaf "type"
 to "ianaift:ethernetCsmacd".  Thus, if the client performs a
 <get-config> right after the <edit-config> above, it will get:
   <interface>
     <name>fastethernet-1/0</name>
     <type>ianaift:ethernetCsmacd</type>
   </interface>
 The client can configure a VLAN interface by sending an <edit-config>
 containing:
   <interface nc:operation="create">
     <name>fastethernet-1/0.10005</name>
     <type>ianaift:l2vlan</type>
     <vlan:base-interface>fastethernet-1/0</vlan:base-interface>
     <vlan:vlan-id>5</vlan:vlan-id>
   </interface>
 If the client tries to change the type of the physical interface with
 an <edit-config> containing:
   <interface nc:operation="merge">
     <name>fastethernet-1/0</name>
     <type>ianaift:tunnel</type>
   </interface>
 then the server will reply with an "invalid-value" error, since the
 new type does not match the name.

F.2. Router with Arbitrary Interface Names

 In this example, a router has support for 4 line cards, each with 8
 ports.  The slots for the cards are physically numbered from 0 to 3,
 and the ports on each card from 0 to 7.  Each card has Fast Ethernet
 or Gigabit Ethernet ports.
 The device-specific names for these physical interfaces are
 "fastethernet-N/M" or "gigabitethernet-N/M".

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 45] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

 The implementation does not restrict the user-controlled interface
 names.  This allows an operator to more easily apply the interface
 configuration to a different interface.  However, the additional
 level of indirection also makes it a bit more complex to map
 interface names found in other protocols to configuration entries.
 The NETCONF server advertises the "arbitrary-names" feature in the
 <hello> message.
 Physical interfaces are configured as in Appendix F.1.
 An operator can configure a VLAN interface by sending an
 <edit-config> containing:
   <interface nc:operation="create">
     <name>acme-interface</name>
     <type>ianaift:l2vlan</type>
     <vlan:base-interface>fastethernet-1/0</vlan:base-interface>
     <vlan:vlan-id>5</vlan:vlan-id>
   </interface>
 If necessary, the operator can move the configuration named
 "acme-interface" over to a different physical interface with an
 <edit-config> containing:
   <interface nc:operation="merge">
     <name>acme-interface</name>
     <vlan:base-interface>fastethernet-1/1</vlan:base-interface>
   </interface>

F.3. Ethernet Switch with Restricted Interface Names

 In this example, an Ethernet switch has a number of ports, each
 identified by a simple port number.
 The device-specific names for the physical interfaces are numbers
 that match the physical port number.
 An operator can configure a physical interface by sending an
 <edit-config> containing:
   <interface nc:operation="create">
     <name>6</name>
   </interface>

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 46] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

 When the server processes this request, it will set the leaf "type"
 to "ianaift:ethernetCsmacd".  Thus, if the client performs a
 <get-config> right after the <edit-config> above, it will get:
   <interface>
     <name>6</name>
     <type>ianaift:ethernetCsmacd</type>
   </interface>

F.4. Generic Host with Restricted Interface Names

 In this example, a generic host has interfaces named by the kernel.
 The system identifies the physical interface by the name assigned by
 the operating system to the interface.
 The name of a VLAN interface is restricted to the form
 "<physical-interface-name>:<vlan-number>".
 The NETCONF server does not advertise the "arbitrary-names" feature
 in the <hello> message.
 An operator can configure an interface by sending an <edit-config>
 containing:
   <interface nc:operation="create">
     <name>eth8</name>
   </interface>
 When the server processes this request, it will set the leaf "type"
 to "ianaift:ethernetCsmacd".  Thus, if the client performs a
 <get-config> right after the <edit-config> above, it will get:
   <interface>
     <name>eth8</name>
     <type>ianaift:ethernetCsmacd</type>
   </interface>
 The client can configure a VLAN interface by sending an <edit-config>
 containing:
   <interface nc:operation="create">
     <name>eth8:5</name>
     <type>ianaift:l2vlan</type>
     <vlan:base-interface>eth8</vlan:base-interface>
     <vlan:vlan-id>5</vlan:vlan-id>
   </interface>

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 47] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

F.5. Generic Host with Arbitrary Interface Names

 In this example, a generic host has interfaces named by the kernel.
 The system identifies the physical interface by the name assigned by
 the operating system to the interface.
 The implementation does not restrict the user-controlled interface
 names.  This allows an operator to more easily apply the interface
 configuration to a different interface.  However, the additional
 level of indirection also makes it a bit more complex to map
 interface names found in other protocols to configuration entries.
 The NETCONF server advertises the "arbitrary-names" feature in the
 <hello> message.
 Physical interfaces are configured as in Appendix F.4.
 An operator can configure a VLAN interface by sending an
 <edit-config> containing:
   <interface nc:operation="create">
     <name>acme-interface</name>
     <type>ianaift:l2vlan</type>
     <vlan:base-interface>eth8</vlan:base-interface>
     <vlan:vlan-id>5</vlan:vlan-id>
   </interface>
 If necessary, the operator can move the configuration named
 "acme-interface" over to a different physical interface with an
 <edit-config> containing:
   <interface nc:operation="merge">
     <name>acme-interface</name>
     <vlan:base-interface>eth3</vlan:base-interface>
   </interface>

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 48] RFC 8343 YANG Interface Management March 2018

Acknowledgments

 The author wishes to thank Alexander Clemm, Per Hedeland, Ladislav
 Lhotka, and Juergen Schoenwaelder for their helpful comments.

Author's Address

 Martin Bjorklund
 Tail-f Systems
 Email: mbj@tail-f.com

Bjorklund Standards Track [Page 49]

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