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rfc:rfc8045

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) D. Cheng Request for Comments: 8045 Huawei Category: Standards Track J. Korhonen ISSN: 2070-1721 Broadcom Corporation

                                                          M. Boucadair
                                                                Orange
                                                          S. Sivakumar
                                                         Cisco Systems
                                                          January 2017
     RADIUS Extensions for IP Port Configuration and Reporting

Abstract

 This document defines three new RADIUS attributes.  For devices that
 implement IP port ranges, these attributes are used to communicate
 with a RADIUS server in order to configure and report IP transport
 ports as well as mapping behavior for specific hosts.  This mechanism
 can be used in various deployment scenarios such as Carrier-Grade
 NAT, IPv4/IPv6 translators, Provider WLAN gateway, etc.  This
 document defines a mapping between some RADIUS attributes and IP Flow
 Information Export (IPFIX) Information Element identifiers.

Status of This Memo

 This is an Internet Standards Track document.
 This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
 (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
 received public review and has been approved for publication by the
 Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on
 Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.
 Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
 and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
 http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8045.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

Copyright Notice

 Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
 document authors.  All rights reserved.
 This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
 Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
 (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
 publication of this document.  Please review these documents
 carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
 to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
 include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
 the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
 described in the Simplified BSD License.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 2] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

Table of Contents

 1. Introduction ....................................................4
 2. Terminology .....................................................5
    2.1. Requirements Language ......................................6
 3. Extensions of RADIUS Attributes and TLVs ........................7
    3.1. Extended Attributes for IP Ports ...........................7
         3.1.1. IP-Port-Limit-Info Attribute ........................7
         3.1.2. IP-Port-Range Attribute .............................9
         3.1.3. IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute ...................12
    3.2. RADIUS TLVs for IP Ports ..................................15
         3.2.1. IP-Port-Type TLV ...................................16
         3.2.2. IP-Port-Limit TLV ..................................17
         3.2.3. IP-Port-Ext-IPv4-Addr TLV ..........................18
         3.2.4. IP-Port-Int-IPv4-Addr TLV ..........................19
         3.2.5. IP-Port-Int-IPv6-Addr TLV ..........................20
         3.2.6. IP-Port-Int-Port TLV ...............................21
         3.2.7. IP-Port-Ext-Port TLV ...............................22
         3.2.8. IP-Port-Alloc TLV ..................................23
         3.2.9. IP-Port-Range-Start TLV ............................24
         3.2.10. IP-Port-Range-End TLV .............................25
         3.2.11. IP-Port-Local-Id TLV ..............................25
 4. Applications, Use Cases, and Examples ..........................27
    4.1. Managing CGN Port Behavior Using RADIUS ...................27
         4.1.1. Configure IP Port Limit for a User .................27
         4.1.2. Report IP Port Allocation/Deallocation .............29
         4.1.3. Configure Port Forwarding Mapping ..................31
         4.1.4. An Example .........................................33
    4.2. Report Assigned Port Set for a Visiting UE ................35
 5. Table of Attributes ............................................36
 6. Security Considerations ........................................36
 7. IANA Considerations ............................................37
    7.1. New IPFIX Information Elements ............................37
    7.2. New RADIUS Attributes .....................................38
    7.3. New RADIUS TLVs ...........................................38
 8. References .....................................................39
    8.1. Normative References ......................................39
    8.2. Informative References ....................................40
 Acknowledgments ...................................................43
 Authors' Addresses ................................................43

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 3] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

1. Introduction

 In a broadband network, customer information is usually stored on a
 RADIUS server [RFC2865].  At the time when a user initiates an IP
 connection request, if this request is authorized, the RADIUS server
 will populate the user's configuration information to the Network
 Access Server (NAS), which is often referred to as a Broadband
 Network Gateway (BNG) in broadband access networks.  The Carrier-
 Grade NAT (CGN) function may also be implemented on the BNG.  Within
 this document, the CGN may perform Network Address Translation from
 IPv4 Clients to IPv4 Servers (NAT44) [RFC3022], NAT from IPv6 Clients
 to IPv4 Servers (NAT64) [RFC6146], or Dual-Stack Lite Address Family
 Transition Router (AFTR) [RFC6333] function.  In such case, the CGN
 IP transport port (e.g., TCP/UDP port) mapping behaviors can be part
 of the configuration information sent from the RADIUS server to the
 NAS/BNG.  As part of the accounting information sent from the NAS/BNG
 to a RADIUS server, the NAS/BNG may also report the IP port mapping
 behavior applied by the CGN to a user session.
 When IP packets traverse the CGN, it performs mapping on the IP
 transport (e.g., TCP/UDP) source port as required.  An IP transport
 source port, along with a source IP address, destination IP address,
 destination port, and protocol identifier, if applicable, uniquely
 identify a mapping.  Since the number space of IP transport ports in
 the CGN's external realm is shared among multiple users assigned with
 the same IPv4 address, the total number of a user's simultaneous IP
 mappings is likely to be subject to a port quota (see Section 5 of
 [RFC6269]).
 The attributes defined in this document may also be used to report
 the assigned port range in some deployments, such as Provider WLAN
 [WIFI-SERVICES].  For example, a visiting host can be managed by
 Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), which will need to report the
 assigned port range to the service platform.  This is required for
 identification purposes (see TR-146 [TR-146] for more details).
 This document proposes three new attributes as RADIUS protocol
 extensions; they are used for separate purposes, as follows:
 1.  IP-Port-Limit-Info: This attribute may be carried in a RADIUS
     Access-Accept, Access-Request, Accounting-Request, or CoA-Request
     packet.  The purpose of this attribute is to limit the total
     number of IP source transport ports allocated to a user and
     associated with one or more IPv4 or IPv6 addresses.
 2.  IP-Port-Range: This attribute may be carried in a RADIUS
     Accounting-Request packet.  The purpose of this attribute is for
     an address-sharing device (e.g., a CGN) to report to the RADIUS

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 4] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

     server the range of IP source transport ports that have been
     allocated or deallocated for a user.  The port range is bound to
     an external IPv4 address.
 3.  IP-Port-Forwarding-Map: This attribute may be carried in RADIUS
     Access-Accept, Access-Request, Accounting-Request, or CoA-Request
     packet.  The purpose of this attribute is to specify how an IP
     internal source transport port, together with its internal IPv4
     or IPv6 address, are mapped to an external source transport port
     along with the external IPv4 address.
 IPFIX Information Elements [RFC7012] can be used for IP flow
 identification and representation over RADIUS.  This document
 provides a mapping between some RADIUS TLVs and IPFIX Information
 Element identifiers.  A new IPFIX Information Element is defined by
 this document (see Section 3.2.2).
 IP protocol numbers (refer to [ProtocolNumbers]) can be used for
 identification of IP transport protocols (e.g., TCP [RFC793], UDP
 [RFC768], Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) [RFC4340], and
 Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) [RFC4960]) that are
 associated with some RADIUS attributes.
 This document focuses on IPv4 address sharing.  Mechanisms for IPv6
 prefix sharing (e.g., IPv6-to-IPv6 Network Prefix Translation
 (NPTv6)) are out of scope.

2. Terminology

 This document makes use of the following terms:
 o  IP Port: This refers to an IP transport port (e.g., a TCP port
    number or UDP port number).
 o  IP Port Type: This refers to the IP transport protocol as
    indicated by the IP transport protocol number.  Refer to
    [ProtocolNumbers].
 o  IP Port Limit: This denotes the maximum number of IP ports for a
    specific (or all) IP transport protocol(s) that a device
    supporting port ranges can use when performing port number
    mappings for a specific user/host.  Note that this limit is
    usually associated with one or more IPv4/IPv6 addresses.
 o  IP Port Range: This specifies a set of contiguous IP ports
    indicated by the lowest numerical number and the highest numerical
    number, inclusively.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 5] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 o  Internal IP Address: This refers to the IP address that is used by
    a host as a source IP address in an outbound IP packet sent
    towards a device supporting port ranges in the internal realm.
    The internal IP address may be IPv4 or IPv6.
 o  External IP Address: This refers to the IP address that is used as
    a source IP address in an outbound IP packet after traversing a
    device supporting port ranges in the external realm.  This
    document assumes that the external IP address is an IPv4 address.
 o  Internal Port: This is an IP transport port that is allocated by a
    host or application behind an address-sharing device for an
    outbound IP packet in the internal realm.
 o  External Port: This is an IP transport port that is allocated by
    an address-sharing device upon receiving an outbound IP packet in
    the internal realm and is used to replace the internal port that
    is allocated by a user or application.
 o  External Realm: This refers to the networking segment where
    external IP addresses are used as source addresses of outbound
    packets forwarded by an address-sharing device.
 o  Internal Realm: This refers to the networking segment that is
    behind an address-sharing device and where internal IP addresses
    are used.
 o  Mapping: This denotes a relationship between an internal IP
    address, internal port, and protocol, as well as an external IP
    address, external port, and protocol.
 o  Address-Sharing Device: This is a device that is capable of
    sharing an IPv4 address among multiple users.  A typical example
    of this device is a CGN, CPE, Provider WLAN gateway, etc.

2.1. Requirements Language

 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
 document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 6] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

3. Extensions of RADIUS Attributes and TLVs

 These three new attributes are defined in the following subsections:
 1.  IP-Port-Limit-Info Attribute
 2.  IP-Port-Range Attribute
 3.  IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute
 All these attributes are allocated from the RADIUS "Extended Type"
 code space per [RFC6929].
 These attributes and their embedded TLVs (refer to Section 3.2) are
 defined with globally unique names and follow the guidelines in
 Section 2.7.1 of [RFC6929].
 In all the figures describing the RADIUS attributes and TLV formats
 in the following subsections, the fields are transmitted from left to
 right.

3.1. Extended Attributes for IP Ports

3.1.1. IP-Port-Limit-Info Attribute

 This attribute is of type "tlv" as defined in the RADIUS Protocol
 Extensions [RFC6929].  It contains some sub-attributes, and the
 requirements are as follows:
 o  The IP-Port-Limit-Info Attribute MAY contain the IP-Port-Type TLV
    (see Section 3.2.1).
 o  The IP-Port-Limit-Info Attribute MUST contain the
    IP-Port-Limit TLV (see Section 3.2.2).
 o  The IP-Port-Limit-Info Attribute MAY contain the
    IP-Port-Ext-IPv4-Addr TLV (see Section 3.2.3).
 The IP-Port-Limit-Info Attribute specifies the maximum number of IP
 ports, as indicated in IP-Port-Limit TLV, of a specific IP transport
 protocol, as indicated in IP-Port-Type TLV, and associated with a
 given IPv4 address, as indicated in IP-Port-Ext-IPv4-Addr TLV, for an
 end user.
 Note that when IP-Port-Type TLV is not included as part of the
 IP-Port-Limit-Info Attribute, the port limit applies to all IP
 transport protocols.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 7] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 Note also that when IP-Port-Ext-IPv4-Addr TLV is not included as part
 of the IP-Port-Limit-Info Attribute, the port limit applies to all
 the IPv4 addresses managed by the address-sharing device, e.g., a CGN
 or NAT64 device.
 The IP-Port-Limit-Info Attribute MAY appear in an Access-Accept
 packet.  It MAY also appear in an Access-Request packet as a
 preferred maximum number of IP ports indicated by the device
 supporting port ranges co-located with the NAS, e.g., a CGN or NAT64.
 The IP-Port-Limit-Info Attribute MAY appear in a CoA-Request packet.
 The IP-Port-Limit-Info Attribute MAY appear in an Accounting-Request
 packet.
 The IP-Port-Limit-Info Attribute MUST NOT appear in any other RADIUS
 packet.
 The format of the IP-Port-Limit-Info Attribute is shown in Figure 1.
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |      Type     |     Length    | Extended-Type |    Value ...
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                               Figure 1
 Type
    241
 Length
    This field indicates the total length in octets of all fields of
    this attribute, including the Type, Length, Extended-Type, and the
    entire length of the embedded TLVs.
 Extended-Type
    5

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 8] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 Value
    This field contains a set of TLVs as follows:
    IP-Port-Type TLV
       This TLV contains a value that indicates the IP port type.
       Refer to Section 3.2.1.
    IP-Port-Limit TLV
       This TLV contains the maximum number of IP ports of a specific
       IP port type and associated with a given IPv4 address for an
       end user.  This TLV MUST be included in the IP-Port-Limit-Info
       Attribute.  Refer to Section 3.2.2.  This limit applies to all
       mappings that can be instantiated by an underlying address-
       sharing device without soliciting any external entity.  In
       particular, this limit does not include the ports that are
       instructed by an Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
       (AAA) server.
    IP-Port-Ext-IPv4-Addr TLV
       This TLV contains the IPv4 address that is associated with the
       IP port limit contained in the IP-Port-Limit TLV.  This TLV is
       optionally included as part of the IP-Port-Limit-Info
       Attribute.  Refer to Section 3.2.3.
 IP-Port-Limit-Info Attribute is associated with the following
 identifier: 241.5.

3.1.2. IP-Port-Range Attribute

 This attribute is of type "tlv" as defined in the RADIUS Protocol
 Extensions [RFC6929].  It contains some sub-attributes and the
 requirement is as follows:
 o  The IP-Port-Range Attribute MAY contain the IP-Port-Type TLV (see
    Section 3.2.1).
 o  The IP-Port-Range Attribute MUST contain the IP-Port-Alloc TLV
    (see Section 3.2.8).

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 9] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 o  For port allocation, the IP-Port-Range Attribute MUST contain both
    the IP-Port-Range-Start TLV (see Section 3.2.9) and the
    IP-Port-Range-End TLV (see Section 3.2.10).  For port
    deallocation, the IP-Port-Range Attribute MAY contain both of
    these two TLVs; if the two TLVs are not included, it implies that
    all ports that were previously allocated are now all deallocated.
 o  The IP-Port-Range Attribute MAY contain the
    IP-Port-Ext-IPv4-Addr TLV (see Section 3.2.3).
 o  The IP-Port-Range Attribute MAY contain the IP-Port-Local-Id TLV
    (see Section 3.2.11).
 The IP-Port-Range Attribute contains a range of contiguous IP ports.
 These ports are either to be allocated or deallocated depending on
 the Value carried by the IP-Port-Alloc TLV.
 If the IP-Port-Type TLV is included as part of the IP-Port-Range
 Attribute, then the port range is associated with the specific IP
 transport protocol as specified in the IP-Port-Type TLV, but
 otherwise it is for all IP transport protocols.
 If the IP-Port-Ext-IPv4-Addr TLV is included as part of the
 IP-Port-Range Attribute, then the port range as specified is
 associated with the IPv4 address as indicated, but otherwise it is
 for all IPv4 addresses by the address-sharing device (e.g., a CGN
 device) for the end user.
 This attribute can be used to convey a single IP transport port
 number: in such case, the Value of the IP-Port-Range-Start TLV and
 the IP-Port-Range-End TLV, respectively, contain the same port
 number.
 The information contained in the IP-Port-Range Attribute is sent to
 RADIUS server.
 The IP-Port-Range Attribute MAY appear in an Accounting-Request
 packet.
 The IP-Port-Range Attribute MUST NOT appear in any other RADIUS
 packet.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 10] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 The format of the IP-Port-Range Attribute is shown in Figure 2.
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |      Type     |     Length    | Extended-Type |    Value ...
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                               Figure 2
 Type
    241
 Length
    This field indicates the total length in octets of all fields of
    this attribute, including the Type, Length, Extended-Type, and the
    entire length of the embedded TLVs.
 Extended-Type
    6
 Value
    This field contains a set of TLVs as follows:
    IP-Port-Type TLV
       This TLV contains a value that indicates the IP port type.
       Refer to Section 3.2.1.
    IP-Port-Alloc TLV
       This TLV contains a flag to indicate the range of the specified
       IP ports for either allocation or deallocation.  This TLV MUST
       be included as part of the IP-Port-Range Attribute.  Refer to
       Section 3.2.8.
    IP-Port-Range-Start TLV
       This TLV contains the smallest port number of a range of
       contiguous IP ports.  To report the port allocation, this TLV
       MUST be included together with IP-Port-Range-End TLV as part of
       the IP-Port-Range Attribute.  Refer to Section 3.2.9.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 11] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

    IP-Port-Range-End TLV
       This TLV contains the largest port number of a range of
       contiguous IP ports.  To report the port allocation, this TLV
       MUST be included together with IP-Port-Range-Start TLV as part
       of the IP-Port-Range Attribute.  Refer to Section 3.2.10.
    IP-Port-Ext-IPv4-Addr TLV
       This TLV contains the IPv4 address that is associated with the
       IP port range, as is collectively indicated in the
       IP-Port-Range-Start TLV and the IP-Port-Range-End TLV.  This
       TLV is optionally included as part of the IP-Port-Range
       Attribute.  Refer to Section 3.2.3.
    IP-Port-Local-Id TLV
       This TLV contains a local significant identifier at the
       customer premise, such as the Media Access Control (MAC)
       address, interface ID, VLAN ID, PPP sessions ID, VPN Routing
       and Forwarding (VRF) ID, IP address/prefix, etc.  This TLV is
       optionally included as part of the IP-Port-Range Attribute.
       Refer to Section 3.2.11.
 The IP-Port-Range Attribute is associated with the following
 identifier: 241.6.

3.1.3. IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute

 This attribute is of type "tlv" as defined in the RADIUS Protocol
 Extensions [RFC6929].  It contains some sub-attributes and the
 requirement is as follows:
 o  The IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute MAY contain the
    IP-Port-Type TLV (see Section 3.2.1).
 o  The IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute MUST contain both
    IP-Port-Int-Port TLV (see Section 3.2.6) and the
    IP-Port-Ext-Port TLV (see Section 3.2.7).
 o  If the internal realm is with an IPv4 address family, the
    IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute MUST contain the
    IP-Port-Int-IPv4-Addr TLV (see Section 3.2.4); if the internal
    realm is with an IPv6 address family, the IP-Port-Forwarding-Map
    Attribute MUST contain the IP-Port-Int-IPv6-Addr TLV (see
    Section 3.2.5).

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 12] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 o  The IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute MAY contain the
    IP-Port-Ext-IPv4-Addr TLV (see Section 3.2.3).
 o  The IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute MAY contain the
    IP-Port-Local-Id TLV (see Section 3.2.11).
 The attribute contains a two-octet IP internal port number and a
 two-octet IP external port number.  The internal port number is
 associated with an internal IPv4 or IPv6 address that MUST always be
 included.  The external port number is associated with a specific
 external IPv4 address if included, but otherwise it is associated
 with all external IPv4 addresses for the end user.
 If the IP-Port-Type TLV is included as part of the
 IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute, then the port mapping is associated
 with the specific IP transport protocol as specified in the
 IP-Port-Type TLV, but otherwise it is for all IP transport protocols.
 The IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute MAY appear in an Access-Accept
 packet.  It MAY also appear in an Access-Request packet to indicate a
 preferred port mapping by the device co-located with NAS.  However,
 the server is not required to honor such a preference.
 The IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute MAY appear in a CoA-Request
 packet.
 The IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute MAY also appear in an
 Accounting-Request packet.
 The IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute MUST NOT appear in any other
 RADIUS packet.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 13] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 The format of the IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute is shown in
 Figure 3.
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |      Type     |     Length    | Extended-Type |    Value ....
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                               Figure 3
 Type
    241
 Length
    This field indicates the total length in octets of all fields of
    this attribute, including the Type, Length, Extended-Type, and the
    entire length of the embedded TLVs.
 Extended-Type
    7
 Value
    This field contains a set of TLVs as follows:
    IP-Port-Type TLV
       This TLV contains a value that indicates the IP port type.
       Refer to Section 3.2.1.
    IP-Port-Int-Port TLV
       This TLV contains an internal IP port number associated with an
       internal IPv4 or IPv6 address.  This TLV MUST be included
       together with IP-Port-Ext-Port TLV as part of the
       IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute.  Refer to Section 3.2.6.
    IP-Port-Ext-Port TLV
       This TLV contains an external IP port number associated with an
       external IPv4 address.  This TLV MUST be included together with
       IP-Port-Int-Port TLV as part of the IP-Port-Forwarding-Map
       Attribute.  Refer to Section 3.2.7.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 14] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

    IP-Port-Int-IPv4-Addr TLV
       This TLV contains an IPv4 address that is associated with the
       internal IP port number contained in the IP-Port-Int-Port TLV.
       For the internal realm with an IPv4 address family, this TLV
       MUST be included as part of the IP-Port-Forwarding-Map
       Attribute.  Refer to Section 3.2.4.
    IP-Port-Int-IPv6-Addr TLV
       This TLV contains an IPv6 address that is associated with the
       internal IP port number contained in the IP-Port-Int-Port TLV.
       For the internal realm with an IPv6 address family, this TLV
       MUST be included as part of the IP-Port-Forwarding-Map
       Attribute.  Refer to Section 3.2.5.
    IP-Port-Ext-IPv4-Addr TLV
       This TLV contains an IPv4 address that is associated with the
       external IP port number contained in the IP-Port-Ext-Port TLV.
       This TLV MAY be included as part of the IP-Port-Forwarding-Map
       Attribute.  Refer to Section 3.2.3.
    IP-Port-Local-Id TLV
       This TLV contains a local significant identifier at the
       customer premise, such as MAC address, interface ID, VLAN ID,
       PPP sessions ID, VRF ID, IP address/prefix, etc.  This TLV is
       optionally included as part of the IP-Port-Forwarding-Map
       Attribute.  Refer to Section 3.2.11.
 The IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute is associated with the following
 identifier: 241.7.

3.2. RADIUS TLVs for IP Ports

 The TLVs that are included in the three attributes (see Section 3.1)
 are defined in the following subsections.  These TLVs use the format
 defined in [RFC6929].  As the three attributes carry similar data, we
 have defined a common set of TLVs that are used for all three
 attributes.  That is, the TLVs have the same name and number when
 encapsulated in any one of the three parent attributes.  See
 Sections 3.1.1, 3.1.2, and 3.1.3 for a list of which TLV is permitted
 within which parent attribute.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 15] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 The encoding of the Value field of these TLVs follows the
 recommendation of [RFC6158].  In particular, IP-Port-Type,
 IP-Port-Limit, IP-Port-Int-Port, IP-Port-Ext-Port, IP-Port-Alloc,
 IP-Port-Range-Start, and IP-Port-Range-End TLVs are encoded in
 32 bits as per the recommendation in Appendix A.2.1 of [RFC6158].

3.2.1. IP-Port-Type TLV

 The format of IP-Port-Type TLV is shown in Figure 4.  This attribute
 carries the IP transport protocol number defined by IANA (refer to
 [ProtocolNumbers]).
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |   TLV-Type    |     Length    |        Protocol-Number
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
         Protocol-Number         |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                               Figure 4
 TLV-Type
    1
 Length
    Six octets
 Protocol-Number
    Integer.  This field contains the data (unsigned8) of the protocol
    number defined in [ProtocolNumbers], right justified, and the
    unused bits in this field MUST be set to zero.  Protocols that do
    not use a port number (e.g., the Resource Reservation Protocol
    (RSVP) or IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)) MUST NOT be
    included in the IP-Port-Type TLV.
 IP-Port-Type TLV MAY be included in the following attributes:
 o  IP-Port-Limit-Info Attribute, identified as 241.5.1 (see
    Section 3.1.1)
 o  IP-Port-Range Attribute, identified as 241.6.1 (see Section 3.1.2)
 o  IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute, identified as 241.7.1 (see
    Section 3.1.3)

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 16] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 When the IP-Port-Type TLV is included within a RADIUS attribute, the
 associated attribute is applied to the IP transport protocol as
 indicated by the Protocol-Number only, such as TCP, UDP, SCTP,
 DCCP, etc.

3.2.2. IP-Port-Limit TLV

 The format of IP-Port-Limit TLV is shown in Figure 5.  This attribute
 carries IPFIX Information Element 458, "sourceTransportPortsLimit",
 which indicates the maximum number of IP transport ports as a limit
 for an end user to use that is associated with one or more IPv4 or
 IPv6 addresses.
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |   TLV-Type    |     Length    |    sourceTransportPortsLimit
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      sourceTransportPortsLimit  |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                               Figure 5
 TLV-Type
    2
 Length
    Six octets
 sourceTransportPortsLimit
    Integer.  This field contains the data (unsigned16) of
    sourceTransportPortsLimit (458) defined in IPFIX, right justified,
    and the unused bits in this field MUST be set to zero.
 IP-Port-Limit TLV MUST be included as part of the IP-Port-Limit-Info
 Attribute (refer to Section 3.1.1), identified as 241.5.2.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 17] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

3.2.3. IP-Port-Ext-IPv4-Addr TLV

 The format of IP-Port-Ext-IPv4-Addr TLV is shown in Figure 6.  This
 attribute carries IPFIX Information Element 225,
 "postNATSourceIPv4Address", which is the IPv4 source address after
 NAT operation (refer to [IPFIX]).
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |   TLV-Type    |    Length     |    postNATSourceIPv4Address
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      postNATSourceIPv4Address   |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                               Figure 6
 TLV-Type
    3
 Length
    Six octets
 postNATSourceIPv4Address
    Integer.  This field contains the data (ipv4Address) of
    postNATSourceIPv4Address (225) defined in IPFIX.
 IP-Port-Ext-IPv4-Addr TLV MAY be included in the following
 attributes:
 o  IP-Port-Limit-Info Attribute, identified as 241.5.3 (see
    Section 3.1.1)
 o  IP-Port-Range Attribute, identified as 241.6.3 (see Section 3.1.2)
 o  IP-Port-Forwarding-Mapping Attribute, identified as 241.7.3 (see
    Section 3.1.3)

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 18] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

3.2.4. IP-Port-Int-IPv4-Addr TLV

 The format of IP-Port-Int-IPv4 TLV is shown in Figure 7.  This
 attribute carries IPFIX Information Element 8, "sourceIPv4Address",
 which is the IPv4 source address before NAT operation (refer to
 [IPFIX]).
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |   TLV-Type    |     Length    |       sourceIPv4Address
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       sourceIPv4Address         |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                               Figure 7
 TLV-Type
    4
 Length
    Six octets
 sourceIPv4Address
    Integer.  This field contains the data (ipv4Address) of
    sourceIPv4Address (8) defined in IPFIX.
 If the internal realm is with an IPv4 address family, the
 IP-Port-Int-IPv4-Addr TLV MUST be included as part of the
 IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute (refer to Section 3.1.3),
 identified as 241.7.4.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 19] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

3.2.5. IP-Port-Int-IPv6-Addr TLV

 The format of IP-Port-Int-IPv6-Addr TLV is shown in Figure 8.  This
 attribute carries IPFIX Information Element 27, "sourceIPv6Address",
 which is the IPv6 source address before NAT operation (refer to
 [IPFIX]).
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |   TLV-Type    |     Length    |        sourceIPv6Address
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                           sourceIPv6Address
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                           sourceIPv6Address
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                           sourceIPv6Address
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
         sourceIPv6Address       |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                               Figure 8
 TLV-Type
    5
 Length
    Eighteen octets
 sourceIPv6Address
    IPv6 address (128 bits).  This field contains the data
    (ipv6Address) of sourceIPv6Address (27) defined in IPFIX.
 If the internal realm is with an IPv6 address family, the
 IP-Port-Int-IPv6-Addr TLV MUST be included as part of the
 IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute (refer to Section 3.1.3),
 identified as 241.7.5.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 20] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

3.2.6. IP-Port-Int-Port TLV

 The format of IP-Port-Int-Port TLV is shown in Figure 9.  This
 attribute carries IPFIX Information Element 7, "sourceTransportPort",
 which is the source transport number associated with an internal IPv4
 or IPv6 address (refer to [IPFIX]).
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |    TLV-Type   |     Length    |      sourceTransportPort
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
         sourceTransportPort     |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                               Figure 9
 TLV-Type
    6
 Length
    Six octets
 sourceTransportPort
    Integer.  This field contains the data (unsigned16) of
    sourceTransportPort (7) defined in IPFIX, right justified, and
    unused bits MUST be set to zero.
 IP-Port-Int-Port TLV MUST be included as part of the
 IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute (refer to Section 3.1.3),
 identified as 241.7.6.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 21] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

3.2.7. IP-Port-Ext-Port TLV

 The format of IP-Port-Ext-Port TLV is shown in Figure 10.  This
 attribute carries IPFIX Information Element 227,
 "postNAPTSourceTransportPort", which is the transport number
 associated with an external IPv4 address (refer to [IPFIX]).
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |    TLV-Type   |     Length    |  postNAPTSourceTransportPort
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    postNAPTSourceTransportPort  |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                               Figure 10
 TLV-Type
    7
 Length
    Six octets
 postNAPTSourceTransportPort
    Integer.  This field contains the data (unsigned16) of
    postNAPTSourceTransportPort (227) defined in IPFIX, right
    justified, and unused bits MUST be set to zero.
 IP-Port-Ext-Port TLV MUST be included as part of the
 IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute (refer to Section 3.1.3),
 identified as 241.7.7.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 22] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

3.2.8. IP-Port-Alloc TLV

 The format of IP-Port-Alloc TLV is shown in Figure 11.  This
 attribute carries IPFIX Information Element 230, "natEvent", which is
 a flag to indicate an action of NAT operation (refer to [IPFIX]).
 When the value of natEvent is "1" (Create event), it means to
 allocate a range of transport ports; when the value is "2", it means
 to deallocate a range of transports ports.  For the purpose of this
 TLV, no other value is used.
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |    TLV-Type   |     Length    |            natEvent
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
             natEvent            |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                               Figure 11
 TLV-Type
    8
 Length
    Six octets
 natEvent
    Integer.  This field contains the data (unsigned8) of natEvent
    (230) defined in IPFIX, right justified, and unused bits MUST be
    set to zero.  It indicates the allocation or deallocation of a
    range of IP ports as follows:
       0: Reserved
       1: Allocation
       2: Deallocation
 IP-Port-Alloc TLV MUST be included as part of the IP-Port-Range
 Attribute (refer to Section 3.1.2), identified as 241.6.8.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 23] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

3.2.9. IP-Port-Range-Start TLV

 The format of IP-Port-Range-Start TLV is shown in Figure 12.  This
 attribute carries IPFIX Information Element 361, "portRangeStart",
 which is the smallest port number of a range of contiguous transport
 ports (refer to [IPFIX]).
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |    TLV-Type   |     Length    |         portRangeStart
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
           portRangeStart        |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                               Figure 12
 TLV-Type
    9
 Length
    Six octets
 portRangeStart
    Integer.  This field contains the data (unsigned16) of
    portRangeStart (361) defined in IPFIX, right justified, and unused
    bits MUST be set to zero.
 IP-Port-Range-Start TLV is included as part of the IP-Port-Range
 Attribute (refer to Section 3.1.2), identified as 241.6.9.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 24] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

3.2.10. IP-Port-Range-End TLV

 The format of IP-Port-Range-End TLV is shown in Figure 13.  This
 attribute carries IPFIX Information Element 362, "portRangeEnd",
 which is the largest port number of a range of contiguous transport
 ports (refer to [IPFIX]).
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |    TLV-Type   |     Length    |          portRangeEnd
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
            portRangeEnd         |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                               Figure 13
 TLV-Type
    10
 Length
    Six octets
 portRangeEnd
    Integer.  This field contains the data (unsigned16) of
    portRangeEnd (362) defined in IPFIX, right justified, and unused
    bits MUST be set to zero.
 IP-Port-Range-End TLV is included as part of the IP-Port-Range
 Attribute (refer to Section 3.1.2), identified as 241.6.10.

3.2.11. IP-Port-Local-Id TLV

 The format of IP-Port-Local-Id TLV is shown in Figure 14.  This
 attribute carries a string called "localID", which is a local
 significant identifier as explained below.
 The primary issue addressed by this TLV is that there are CGN
 deployments that do not distinguish internal hosts by their internal
 IP address alone but use further identifiers for unique subscriber
 identification.  For example, this is the case if a CGN supports
 overlapping private or shared IP address spaces (as described in
 [RFC1918] and [RFC6598]) for internal hosts of different subscribers.
 In such cases, different internal hosts are identified and mapped at
 the CGN by their IP address and/or another identifier, for example,

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 25] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 the identifier of a tunnel between the CGN and the subscriber.  In
 these scenarios (and similar ones), the internal IP address is not
 sufficient to demultiplex connections from internal hosts.  An
 additional identifier needs to be present in the IP-Port-Range
 Attribute and IP-Port-Forwarding-Mapping Attribute in order to
 uniquely identify an internal host.  The IP-Port-Local-Id TLV is used
 to carry this identifier.
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |    TLV-Type   |     Length    |        localID ....
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                               Figure 14
 TLV-Type
    11
 Length
    Variable number of octets
 localID
    String.  The data type of this field is string (refer to
    [RFC8044]).  This field contains the data that is a local
    significant identifier at the customer premise, such as MAC
    address, interface ID, VLAN ID, PPP sessions ID, VRF ID, IP
    address/prefix, or another local significant identifier.
 IP-Port-Local-Id TLV MAY be included in the following Attributes if
 it is necessary to identify the subscriber:
 o  IP-Port-Range Attribute, identified as 241.6.11 (see
    Section 3.1.2)
 o  IP-Port-Forwarding-Mapping Attribute, identified as 241.7.11 (see
    Section 3.1.3)

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 26] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

4. Applications, Use Cases, and Examples

 This section describes some applications and use cases to illustrate
 the use of the attributes proposed in this document.

4.1. Managing CGN Port Behavior Using RADIUS

 In a broadband network, customer information is usually stored on a
 RADIUS server, and the BNG acts as a NAS.  The communication between
 the NAS and the RADIUS server is triggered by a user when it signs in
 to the Internet service where either PPP or DHCP/DHCPv6 is used.
 When a user signs in, the NAS sends a RADIUS Access-Request message
 to the RADIUS server.  The RADIUS server validates the request, and
 if the validation succeeds, it in turn sends back a RADIUS
 Access-Accept message.  The Access-Accept message carries
 configuration information specific to that user back to the NAS,
 where some of the information would be passed on to the requesting
 user via PPP or DHCP/DHCPv6.
 A CGN function in a broadband network is most likely to be co-located
 on a BNG.  In that case, parameters for CGN port mapping behavior for
 users can be configured on the RADIUS server.  When a user signs in
 to the Internet service, the associated parameters can be conveyed to
 the NAS, and proper configuration is accomplished on the CGN device
 for that user.
 Also, a CGN operation status such as CGN port allocation and
 deallocation for a specific user on the BNG can also be transmitted
 back to the RADIUS server for accounting purposes using the RADIUS
 protocol.
 The RADIUS protocol has already been widely deployed in broadband
 networks to manage BNG, thus the functionality described in this
 specification introduces little overhead to the existing network
 operation.
 In the following subsections, we describe how to manage CGN behavior
 using the RADIUS protocol, with required RADIUS extensions proposed
 in Section 3.

4.1.1. Configure IP Port Limit for a User

 In the face of an IPv4 address shortage, there are currently
 proposals to multiplex multiple users' connections over a number of
 shared IPv4 addresses, such as Carrier Grade NAT [RFC6888],
 Dual-Stack Lite [RFC6333], NAT64 [RFC6146], etc.  As a result, a
 single IPv4 public address may be shared by hundreds or even
 thousands of users.  As indicated in [RFC6269], it is therefore

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 27] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 necessary to impose limits on the total number of ports available to
 an individual user to ensure that the shared resource, i.e., the
 IPv4 address, remains available in some capacity to all the users
 using it.  The support of an IP port limit is also documented in
 [RFC6888] as a requirement for CGN.
 The IP port limit imposed on an end user may be on the total number
 of IP source transport ports or a specific IP transport protocol as
 defined in Section 3.1.1.
 The per-user IP port limit is configured on a RADIUS server, along
 with other user information such as credentials.
 When a user signs in to the Internet service successfully, the IP
 port limit for the subscriber is passed by the RADIUS server to the
 BNG, which is acting as a NAS and is co-located with the CGN using
 the IP-Port-Limit-Info RADIUS attribute (defined in Section 3.1.1)
 along with other configuration parameters.  While some parameters are
 passed to the user, the IP port limit is recorded on the CGN device
 for imposing the usage of IP transport ports for that user.
 Figure 15 illustrates how the RADIUS protocol is used to configure
 the maximum number of TCP/UDP ports for a given user on a CGN device.
 User                     CGN/NAS                        AAA
  |                         BNG                         Server
  |                          |                             |
  |                          |                             |
  |----Service Request------>|                             |
  |                          |                             |
  |                          |-----Access-Request -------->|
  |                          |                             |
  |                          |<----Access-Accept-----------|
  |                          |     (IP-Port-Limit-Info)    |
  |                          |     (for TCP/UDP ports)     |
  |<---Service Granted ------|                             |
  |    (other parameters)    |                             |
  |                          |                             |
  |                  (CGN external port                    |
  |                   allocation and                       |
  |                   IPv4 address assignment)             |
  |                          |                             |
     Figure 15: RADIUS Message Flow for Configuring CGN Port Limit

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 28] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 The IP port limit created on a CGN device for a specific user using a
 RADIUS extension may be changed using a RADIUS CoA message [RFC5176]
 that carries the same RADIUS attribute.  The CoA message may be sent
 from the RADIUS server directly to the NAS, and once a RADIUS CoA ACK
 message is accepted and sent back, the new IP port limit replaces the
 previous one.
 Figure 16 illustrates how the RADIUS protocol is used to increase the
 TCP/UDP port limit from 1024 to 2048 on a CGN device for a specific
 user.
 User                     CGN/NAS                           AAA
  |                         BNG                            Server
  |                          |                               |
  |              TCP/UDP Port Limit (1024)                   |
  |                          |                               |
  |                          |<---------CoA Request----------|
  |                          |       (IP-Port-Limit-Info)    |
  |                          |       (for TCP/UDP ports)     |
  |                          |                               |
  |              TCP/UDP Port Limit (2048)                   |
  |                          |                               |
  |                          |---------CoA Response--------->|
  |                          |                               |
  Figure 16: RADIUS Message Flow for Changing a User's CGN Port Limit

4.1.2. Report IP Port Allocation/Deallocation

 Upon obtaining the IP port limit for a user, the CGN device needs to
 allocate an IP transport port for the user when receiving a new IP
 flow sent from that user.
 As one practice, a CGN may allocate a block of IP ports for a
 specific user, instead of one port at a time, and within each port
 block the ports may be randomly distributed or in consecutive
 fashion.  When a CGN device allocates a block of transport ports, the
 information can be easily conveyed to the RADIUS server by a new
 RADIUS attribute called the IP-Port-Range (defined in Section 3.1.2).
 The CGN device may allocate one or more IP port ranges, where each
 range contains a set of numbers representing IP transport ports and
 the total number of ports MUST be less or equal to the associated IP
 port limit imposed for that user.  A CGN device may choose to
 allocate a small port range and allocate more at a later time as
 needed; such practice is good because of its randomization in nature.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 29] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 At the same time, the CGN device also needs to decide on the shared
 IPv4 address for that user.  The shared IPv4 address and the
 pre-allocated IP port range are both passed to the RADIUS server.
 When a user initiates an IP flow, the CGN device randomly selects a
 transport port number from the associated and pre-allocated IP port
 range for that user to replace the original source port number along
 with the replacement of the source IP address by the shared IPv4
 address.
 A CGN device may decide to "free" a previously assigned set of IP
 ports that have been allocated for a specific user but are not
 currently in use, and with that, the CGN device must send the
 information of the deallocated IP port range along with the shared
 IPv4 address to the RADIUS server.
 Figure 17 illustrates how the RADIUS protocol is used to report a set
 of ports allocated and deallocated, respectively, by a NAT64 device
 for a specific user to the RADIUS server.  2001:db8:100:200::/56 is
 the IPv6 prefix allocated to this user.  In order to limit the usage
 of the NAT64 resources on a per-user basis for fairness of resource
 usage (see REQ-4 of [RFC6888]), port range allocations are bound to
 the /56 prefix, not to the source IPv6 address of the request.  The
 NAT64 device is configured with the per-user port limit policy by
 some means (e.g., subscriber-mask [RFC7785]).

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 30] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 Host                      NAT64/NAS                     AAA
  |                         BNG                         Server
  |                          |                             |
  |                          |                             |
  |----Service Request------>|                             |
  |                          |                             |
  |                          |-----Access-Request -------->|
  |                          |                             |
  |                          |<----Access-Accept-----------|
  |<---Service Granted ------|                             |
  |    (other parameters)    |                             |
 ...                        ...                           ...
  |                          |                             |
  |                          |                             |
  |                (NAT64 decides to allocate              |
  |                 a TCP/UDP port range for the user)     |
  |                          |                             |
  |                          |-----Accounting-Request----->|
  |                          |    (IP-Port-Range           |
  |                          |     for allocation)         |
 ...                        ...                           ...
  |                          |                             |
  |                (NAT64 decides to deallocate            |
  |                 a TCP/UDP port range for the user)     |
  |                          |                             |
  |                          |-----Accounting-Request----->|
  |                          |    (IP-Port-Range           |
  |                          |     for deallocation)       |
  |                          |                             |
          Figure 17: RADIUS Message Flow for Reporting NAT64
                 Allocation/Deallocation of a Port Set

4.1.3. Configure Port Forwarding Mapping

 In most scenarios, the port mapping on a NAT device is dynamically
 created when the IP packets of an IP connection initiated by a user
 arrives.  For some applications, the port mapping needs to be
 pre-defined and allow IP packets of applications from outside a CGN
 device to pass through and be "port forwarded" to the correct user
 located behind the CGN device.
 The Port Control Protocol (PCP) [RFC6887], provides a mechanism to
 create a mapping from an external IP address and port to an internal
 IP address and port on a CGN device just to achieve the "port
 forwarding" purpose.  PCP is a server-client protocol capable of
 creating or deleting a mapping along with a rich set of features on a
 CGN device in dynamic fashion.  In some deployments, all users need

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 31] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 is a few (typically just one) pre-configured port mappings for
 applications at home, such as a web cam; the lifetime of such a port
 mapping remains valid throughout the duration of the customer's
 Internet service connection time.  In such an environment, it is
 possible to statically configure a port mapping on the RADIUS server
 for a user and let the RADIUS protocol propagate the information to
 the associated CGN device.
 Note that this document targets deployments where a AAA server is
 responsible for instructing NAT mappings for a given subscriber and
 does not make any assumption about the host's capabilities with
 regards to port forwarding control.  This deployment is complementary
 to PCP given that PCP targets a different deployment model where an
 application (on the host) controls its mappings in an upstream CPE,
 CGN, firewall, etc.
 Figure 18 illustrates how the RADIUS protocol is used to configure a
 port forwarding mapping on a NAT44 device.
 Host                     CGN/NAS                           AAA
  |                         BNG                            Server
  |                          |                               |
  |----Service Request------>|                               |
  |                          |                               |
  |                          |---------Access-Request------->|
  |                          |                               |
  |                          |<--------Access-Accept---------|
  |                          |   (IP-Port-Forwarding-Map)    |
  |<---Service Granted ------|                               |
  |    (other parameters)    |                               |
  |                          |                               |
  |                 (Create a port mapping                   |
  |                  for the user, and                       |
  |                  associate it with the                   |
  |                  internal IP address                     |
  |                  and external IP address)                |
  |                          |                               |
  |                          |                               |
  |                          |------Accounting-Request------>|
  |                          |    (IP-Port-Forwarding-Map)   |
            Figure 18: RADIUS Message Flow for Configuring
                       a Port Forwarding Mapping

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 32] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 A port forwarding mapping that is created on a CGN device using the
 RADIUS extension as described above may also be changed using a
 RADIUS CoA message [RFC5176] that carries the same RADIUS
 association.  The CoA message may be sent from the RADIUS server
 directly to the NAS, and once the RADIUS CoA ACK message is accepted
 and sent back, the new port forwarding mapping then replaces the
 previous one.
 Figure 19 illustrates how the RADIUS protocol is used to change an
 existing port mapping from (a:X) to (a:Y), where "a" is an internal
 port, and "X" and "Y" are external ports, respectively, for a
 specific user with a specific IP address
 Host                     CGN/NAS                           AAA
  |                         BNG                            Server
  |                          |                               |
  |                    Internal IP Address                   |
  |                    Port Map (a:X)                        |
  |                          |                               |
  |                          |<---------CoA Request----------|
  |                          |    (IP-Port-Forwarding-Map)   |
  |                          |                               |
  |                    Internal IP Address                   |
  |                    Port Map (a:Y)                        |
  |                          |                               |
  |                          |---------CoA Response--------->|
  |                          |    (IP-Port-Forwarding-Map)   |
              Figure 19: RADIUS Message Flow for Changing
                   a User's Port Forwarding Mapping

4.1.4. An Example

 An Internet Service Provider (ISP) assigns TCP/UDP 500 ports for the
 user Joe.  This number is the limit that can be used for TCP/UDP
 ports on a CGN device for Joe and it is configured on a RADIUS
 server.  Also, Joe asks for a pre-defined port forwarding mapping on
 the CGN device for his web cam applications (external port 5000 maps
 to internal port 1234).
 When Joe successfully connects to the Internet service, the RADIUS
 server conveys the TCP/UDP port limit (500) and the port forwarding
 mapping (external port 5000 to internal port 1234) to the CGN device
 using the IP-Port-Limit-Info Attribute and IP-Port-Forwarding-Map
 Attribute, respectively, carried by an Access-Accept message to the
 BNG where NAS and CGN are co-located.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 33] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 Upon receiving the first outbound IP packet sent from Joe's laptop,
 the CGN device decides to allocate a small port pool that contains 40
 consecutive ports, from 3500 to 3540, inclusively, and also assigns a
 shared IPv4 address 192.0.2.15 for Joe.  The CGN device also randomly
 selects one port from the allocated range (say, 3519) and uses that
 port to replace the original source port in outbound IP packets.
 For accounting purposes, the CGN device passes this port range
 (3500-3540) and the shared IPv4 address 192.0.2.15 together to the
 RADIUS server using IP-Port-Range Attribute carried by an
 Accounting-Request message.
 When Joe works on more applications with more outbound IP mappings
 and the port pool (3500-3540) is close to exhaust, the CGN device
 allocates a second port pool (8500-8800) in a similar fashion and
 also passes the new port range (8500-8800) and IPv4 address
 192.0.2.15 together to the RADIUS server using IP-Port-Range
 Attribute carried by an Accounting-Request message.  Note when the
 CGN allocates more ports, it needs to assure that the total number of
 ports allocated for Joe is within the limit.
 Joe decides to upgrade his service agreement with more TCP/UDP ports
 allowed (up to 1000 ports).  The ISP updates the information in Joe's
 profile on the RADIUS server, which then sends a CoA-Request message
 that carries the IP-Port-Limit-Info Attribute with 1000 ports to the
 CGN device; the CGN device in turn sends back a CoA-ACK message.
 With that, Joe enjoys more available TCP/UDP ports for his
 applications.
 When Joe is not using his service, most of the IP mappings are closed
 with their associated TCP/UDP ports released on the CGN device, which
 then sends the relevant information back to the RADIUS server using
 the IP-Port-Range Attribute carried by the Accounting-Request
 message.
 Throughout Joe's connection with his ISP, applications can
 communicate with his web cam at home from the external realm, thus
 directly traversing the pre-configured mapping on the CGN device.
 When Joe disconnects from his Internet service, the CGN device will
 deallocate all TCP/UDP ports as well as the port forwarding mapping
 and send the relevant information to the RADIUS server.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 34] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

4.2. Report Assigned Port Set for a Visiting UE

 Figure 20 illustrates an example of the flow exchange that occurs
 when the visiting User Equipment (UE) connects to a CPE offering WLAN
 service.
 For identification purposes (see [RFC6967]), once the CPE assigns a
 port set, it issues a RADIUS message to report the assigned port set.
 UE         CPE             CGN                          AAA
  |                         BNG                         Server
  |                          |                             |
  |                          |                             |
  |----Service Request------>|                             |
  |                          |                             |
  |                          |-----Access-Request -------->|
  |                          |                             |
  |                          |<----Access-Accept-----------|
  |<---Service Granted ------|                             |
  |    (other parameters)    |                             |
 ...          |             ...                           ...
  |<---IP@----|              |                             |
  |           |              |                             |
  |   (CPE assigns a TCP/UDP port                          |
  |   range for this visiting UE)                          |
  |           |                                            |
  |           |--Accounting-Request-...------------------->|
  |           |    (IP-Port-Range                          |
  |           |     for allocation)                        |
 ...          |             ...                           ...
  |           |              |                             |
  |           |              |                             |
  |   (CPE withdraws a TCP/UDP port                        |
  |   range for a visiting UE)                             |
  |           |                                            |
  |           |--Accounting-Request-...------------------->|
  |           |    (IP-Port-Range                          |
  |           |     for deallocation)                      |
  |           |                                            |
           Figure 20: RADIUS Message Flow for Reporting CPE
        Allocation/Deallocation of a Port Set to a Visiting UE

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 35] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

5. Table of Attributes

 This document proposes three new RADIUS attributes, and their formats
 are as follows:
 o  IP-Port-Limit-Info: 241.5
 o  IP-Port-Range: 241.6
 o  IP-Port-Forwarding-Map: 241.7
 The following table provides a guide as to what type of RADIUS
 packets may contain these attributes and in what quantity.
 Request Accept Reject Challenge Acct.    #     Attribute
                                 Request
 0+      0+     0      0         0+       241.5 IP-Port-Limit-Info
 0       0      0      0         0+       241.6 IP-Port-Range
 0+      0+     0      0         0+       241.7 IP-Port-Forwarding-Map
 The following table defines the meaning of the above table entries.
 0  This attribute MUST NOT be present in packet.
 0+ Zero or more instances of this attribute MAY be present in packet.

6. Security Considerations

 This document does not introduce any security issue other than the
 ones already identified in RADIUS documents [RFC2865] and [RFC5176]
 for CoA messages.  Known RADIUS vulnerabilities apply to this
 specification.  For example, if RADIUS packets are sent in the clear,
 an attacker in the communication path between the RADIUS client and
 server may glean information that it will use to prevent a legitimate
 user from accessing the service by appropriately setting the maximum
 number of IP ports conveyed in an IP-Port-Limit-Info Attribute;
 exhaust the port quota of a user by installing many mapping entries
 (IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute); prevent incoming traffic from
 being delivered to its legitimate destination by manipulating the
 mapping entries installed by means of an IP-Port-Forwarding-Map
 Attribute; discover the IP address and port range that are assigned
 to a given user and reported in an IP-Port-Range Attribute; and so
 on.  The root cause of these attack vectors is the communication
 between the RADIUS client and server.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 36] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 The IP-Port-Local-Id TLV includes an identifier of which the type and
 length is deployment and implementation dependent.  This identifier
 might carry privacy-sensitive information.  It is therefore
 RECOMMENDED to utilize identifiers that do not have such privacy
 concerns.
 If there is any error in a RADIUS Accounting-Request packet sent
 from a RADIUS client to the server, the RADIUS server MUST NOT send
 a response to the client (refer to [RFC2866]).  Examples of the
 errors include the erroneous port range in the
 IP-Port-Range Attribute, inconsistent port mapping in the
 IP-Port-Forwarding-Map Attribute, etc.
 This document targets deployments where a trusted relationship is in
 place between the RADIUS client and server with communication
 optionally secured by IPsec or Transport Layer Security (TLS)
 [RFC6614].

7. IANA Considerations

 Per this document, IANA has made new code point assignments for both
 IPFIX Information Elements and RADIUS attributes as explained in the
 following subsections.

7.1. New IPFIX Information Elements

 The following IPFIX Information Element has been registered (refer to
 Section 3.2.2):
 o  sourceTransportPortsLimit:
  • Name: sourceTransportPortsLimit
  • Element ID: 458
  • Description: This Information Element contains the maximum

number of IP source transport ports that can be used by an end

       user when sending IP packets; each user is associated with one
       or more (source) IPv4 or IPv6 addresses.  This Information
       Element is particularly useful in address-sharing deployments
       that adhere to REQ-4 of [RFC6888].  Limiting the number of
       ports assigned to each user ensures fairness among users and
       mitigates the denial-of-service attack that a user could launch
       against other users through the address-sharing device in order
       to grab more ports.
  • Data type: unsigned16

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 37] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

  • Data type semantics: totalCounter
  • Data type unit: ports
  • Data value range: from 1 to 65535

7.2. New RADIUS Attributes

 The Attribute Types defined in this document have been registered by
 IANA from the RADIUS namespace as described in the "IANA
 Considerations" section of [RFC3575], in accordance with BCP 26
 [RFC5226].  For RADIUS packets, attributes, and registries created by
 this document, IANA has placed them at
 <http://www.iana.org/assignments/radius-types>.
 In particular, this document defines three new RADIUS attributes, as
 follows, from the Short Extended Space of [RFC6929]:
 Type      Description             Data Type   Reference
 ----      -----------             ---------   ---------
 241.5     IP-Port-Limit-Info      tlv         Section 3.1.1
 241.6     IP-Port-Range           tlv         Section 3.1.2
 241.7     IP-Port-Forwarding-Map  tlv         Section 3.1.3

7.3. New RADIUS TLVs

 IANA has created a new registry called "RADIUS IP Port Configuration
 and Reporting TLVs".  All TLVs in this registry have one or more
 parent RADIUS attributes in nesting (refer to [RFC6929]).  This
 registry contains the following TLVs:
    Value  Description           Data Type    Reference
    -----  -----------           ---------    ---------
    0      Reserved
    1      IP-Port-Type          integer      Section 3.2.1
    2      IP-Port-Limit         integer      Section 3.2.2
    3      IP-Port-Ext-IPv4-Addr ipv4addr     Section 3.2.3
    4      IP-Port-Int-IPv4-Addr ipv4addr     Section 3.2.4
    5      IP-Port-Int-IPv6-Addr ipv4addr     Section 3.2.5
    6      IP-Port-Int-Port      integer      Section 3.2.6
    7      IP-Port-Ext-Port      integer      Section 3.2.7
    8      IP-Port-Alloc         integer      Section 3.2.8
    9      IP-Port-Range-Start   integer      Section 3.2.9
    10     IP-Port-Range-End     integer      Section 3.2.10
    11     IP-Port-Local-Id      string       Section 3.2.11
    12-255 Unassigned

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 38] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 The registration procedure for this registry is Standards Action as
 defined in [RFC5226].

8. References

8.1. Normative References

 [IPFIX]    IANA, "IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Entities",
            <http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipfix/>.
 [ProtocolNumbers]
            IANA, "Protocol Numbers",
            <http://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers/>.
 [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
            Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
            DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
 [RFC2865]  Rigney, C., Willens, S., Rubens, A., and W. Simpson,
            "Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)",
            RFC 2865, DOI 10.17487/RFC2865, June 2000,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2865>.
 [RFC3575]  Aboba, B., "IANA Considerations for RADIUS (Remote
            Authentication Dial In User Service)", RFC 3575,
            DOI 10.17487/RFC3575, July 2003,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3575>.
 [RFC5226]  Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
            IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226,
            DOI 10.17487/RFC5226, May 2008,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5226>.
 [RFC6929]  DeKok, A. and A. Lior, "Remote Authentication Dial In User
            Service (RADIUS) Protocol Extensions", RFC 6929,
            DOI 10.17487/RFC6929, April 2013,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6929>.
 [RFC7012]  Claise, B., Ed., and B. Trammell, Ed., "Information Model
            for IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)", RFC 7012,
            DOI 10.17487/RFC7012, September 2013,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7012>.
 [RFC8044]  DeKok, A., "Data Types in RADIUS", RFC 8044,
            DOI 10.17487/RFC8044, January 2017,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8044>.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 39] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

8.2. Informative References

 [RFC768]  Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
            DOI 10.17487/RFC0768, August 1980,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc768>.
 [RFC793]  Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7,
            RFC 793, DOI 10.17487/RFC0793, September 1981,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc793>.
 [RFC1918]  Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, B., Karrenberg, D., de Groot, G.,
            and E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets",
            BCP 5, RFC 1918, DOI 10.17487/RFC1918, February 1996,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1918>.
 [RFC2866]  Rigney, C., "RADIUS Accounting", RFC 2866,
            DOI 10.17487/RFC2866, June 2000,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2866>.
 [RFC3022]  Srisuresh, P. and K. Egevang, "Traditional IP Network
            Address Translator (Traditional NAT)", RFC 3022,
            DOI 10.17487/RFC3022, January 2001,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3022>.
 [RFC4340]  Kohler, E., Handley, M., and S. Floyd, "Datagram
            Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP)", RFC 4340,
            DOI 10.17487/RFC4340, March 2006,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4340>.
 [RFC4960]  Stewart, R., Ed., "Stream Control Transmission Protocol",
            RFC 4960, DOI 10.17487/RFC4960, September 2007,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4960>.
 [RFC5176]  Chiba, M., Dommety, G., Eklund, M., Mitton, D., and B.
            Aboba, "Dynamic Authorization Extensions to Remote
            Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)", RFC 5176,
            DOI 10.17487/RFC5176, January 2008,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5176>.
 [RFC6146]  Bagnulo, M., Matthews, P., and I. van Beijnum, "Stateful
            NAT64: Network Address and Protocol Translation from IPv6
            Clients to IPv4 Servers", RFC 6146, DOI 10.17487/RFC6146,
            April 2011, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6146>.
 [RFC6158]  DeKok, A., Ed., and G. Weber, "RADIUS Design Guidelines",
            BCP 158, RFC 6158, DOI 10.17487/RFC6158, March 2011,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6158>.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 40] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 [RFC6269]  Ford, M., Ed., Boucadair, M., Durand, A., Levis, P., and
            P. Roberts, "Issues with IP Address Sharing", RFC 6269,
            DOI 10.17487/RFC6269, June 2011,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6269>.
 [RFC6333]  Durand, A., Droms, R., Woodyatt, J., and Y. Lee,
            "Dual-Stack Lite Broadband Deployments Following IPv4
            Exhaustion", RFC 6333, DOI 10.17487/RFC6333, August 2011,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6333>.
 [RFC6598]  Weil, J., Kuarsingh, V., Donley, C., Liljenstolpe, C., and
            M. Azinger, "IANA-Reserved IPv4 Prefix for Shared Address
            Space", BCP 153, RFC 6598, DOI 10.17487/RFC6598,
            April 2012, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6598>.
 [RFC6614]  Winter, S., McCauley, M., Venaas, S., and K. Wierenga,
            "Transport Layer Security (TLS) Encryption for RADIUS",
            RFC 6614, DOI 10.17487/RFC6614, May 2012,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6614>.
 [RFC6887]  Wing, D., Ed., Cheshire, S., Boucadair, M., Penno, R., and
            P. Selkirk, "Port Control Protocol (PCP)", RFC 6887,
            DOI 10.17487/RFC6887, April 2013,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6887>.
 [RFC6888]  Perreault, S., Ed., Yamagata, I., Miyakawa, S., Nakagawa,
            A., and H. Ashida, "Common Requirements for Carrier-Grade
            NATs (CGNs)", BCP 127, RFC 6888, DOI 10.17487/RFC6888,
            April 2013, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6888>.
 [RFC6967]  Boucadair, M., Touch, J., Levis, P., and R. Penno,
            "Analysis of Potential Solutions for Revealing a Host
            Identifier (HOST_ID) in Shared Address Deployments",
            RFC 6967, DOI 10.17487/RFC6967, June 2013,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6967>.
 [RFC7785]  Vinapamula, S. and M. Boucadair, "Recommendations for
            Prefix Binding in the Context of Softwire Dual-Stack
            Lite", RFC 7785, DOI 10.17487/RFC7785, February 2016,
            <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7785>.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 41] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

 [TR-146]   Broadband Forum, "TR-146: Subscriber Sessions", Broadband
            Forum Technical Report 146, Issue 1, May 2013,
            <http://www.broadband-forum.org/technical/
            download/TR-146.pdf>.
 [WIFI-SERVICES]
            Gundavelli, S., Grayson, M., Seite, P., and Y. Lee,
            "Service Provider Wi-Fi Services Over Residential
            Architectures", Work in Progress,
            draft-gundavelli-v6ops-community-wifi-svcs-06, April 2013.

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 42] RFC 8045 RADIUS Extensions for IP Port January 2017

Acknowledgments

 Many thanks to Dan Wing, Roberta Maglione, Daniel Derksen, David
 Thaler, Alan DeKok, Lionel Morand, and Peter Deacon for their useful
 comments and suggestions.
 Special thanks to Lionel Morand for the Shepherd review and to
 Kathleen Moriarty for the AD review.
 Thanks to Carl Wallace, Tim Chown, and Ben Campbell for the detailed
 review.

Authors' Addresses

 Dean Cheng
 Huawei
 2330 Central Expressway
 Santa Clara, California  95050
 United States of America
 Email: dean.cheng@huawei.com
 Jouni Korhonen
 Broadcom Corporation
 3151 Zanker Road
 San Jose, California  95134
 United States of America
 Email: jouni.nospam@gmail.com
 Mohamed Boucadair
 Orange
 Rennes
 France
 Email: mohamed.boucadair@orange.com
 Senthil Sivakumar
 Cisco Systems
 7100-8 Kit Creek Road
 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
 United States of America
 Email: ssenthil@cisco.com

Cheng, et al. Standards Track [Page 43]

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