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rfc:rfc7183

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) U. Herberg Request for Comments: 7183 Fujitsu Laboratories of America Updates: 6130, 7181 C. Dearlove Category: Standards Track BAE Systems ATC ISSN: 2070-1721 T. Clausen

                                              LIX, Ecole Polytechnique
                                                            April 2014

Integrity Protection for the Neighborhood Discovery Protocol (NHDP) and

      Optimized Link State Routing Protocol Version 2 (OLSRv2)

Abstract

 This document specifies integrity and replay protection for the
 Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Neighborhood Discovery Protocol (NHDP)
 and the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol version 2 (OLSRv2).
 This protection is achieved by using an HMAC-SHA-256 Integrity Check
 Value (ICV) TLV and a Timestamp TLV based on Portable Operating
 System Interface (POSIX) time.
 The mechanism in this specification can also be used for other
 protocols that use the generalized packet/message format described in
 RFC 5444.
 This document updates RFC 6130 and RFC 7181 by mandating the
 implementation of this integrity and replay protection in NHDP and
 OLSRv2.

Status of This Memo

 This is an Internet Standards Track document.
 This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
 (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
 received public review and has been approved for publication by the
 Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on
 Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.
 Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
 and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
 http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7183.

Herberg, et al. Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 7183 Integrity Protection for NHDP and OLSRv2 April 2014

Copyright Notice

 Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
 document authors.  All rights reserved.
 This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
 Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
 (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
 publication of this document.  Please review these documents
 carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
 to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
 include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
 the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
 described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

 1. Introduction ....................................................3
 2. Terminology .....................................................4
 3. Applicability Statement .........................................5
 4. Protocol Overview and Functioning ...............................6
 5. Parameters ......................................................7
 6. Message Generation and Processing ...............................9
    6.1. Message Content ............................................9
    6.2. Message Generation ........................................10
    6.3. Message Processing ........................................11
         6.3.1. Validating a Message Based on Timestamp ............11
         6.3.2. Validating a Message Based on Integrity Check ......12
 7. Provisioning of Routers ........................................12
 8. Security Considerations ........................................12
    8.1. Mitigated Attacks .........................................13
         8.1.1. Identity Spoofing ..................................13
         8.1.2. Link Spoofing ......................................13
         8.1.3. Replay Attack ......................................13
    8.2. Limitations ...............................................13
 9. Acknowledgments ................................................14
 10. References ....................................................14
    10.1. Normative References .....................................14
    10.2. Informative References ...................................14

Herberg, et al. Standards Track [Page 2] RFC 7183 Integrity Protection for NHDP and OLSRv2 April 2014

1. Introduction

 This specification updates [RFC6130] and [RFC7181] by defining
 mandatory-to-implement security mechanisms (for integrity and replay
 protection).  A deployment of these protocols may choose to employ an
 alternative(s) to these mechanisms; in particular, it may choose to
 protect packets rather than messages, it may choose to use an
 alternative Integrity Check Value (ICV) with preferred properties,
 and/or it may use an alternative timestamp.  A deployment may choose
 to use no such security mechanisms, but this is not recommended.
 The mechanisms specified are the use of an ICV for protection of the
 protocols' control messages and the use of timestamps in those
 messages to prevent replay attacks.  Both use the TLV mechanism
 specified in [RFC5444] to add this information to the messages.
 These ICV and TIMESTAMP TLVs are defined in [RFC7182].  Different ICV
 TLVs are used for HELLO messages in NHDP and TC (Topology Control)
 messages in OLSRv2, the former also protecting the source address of
 the IP datagram that contains the HELLO message.  This is because the
 IP datagram source address is used by NHDP to determine the address
 of a neighbor interface, and it is not necessarily otherwise
 contained in the HELLO message, while OLSRv2's TC message is
 forwarded in a new packet; thus, it has no single IP datagram source
 address.
 The mechanism specified in this document is placed in the packet/
 message processing flow as indicated in Figure 1.  It exists between
 the packet parsing/generation function of [RFC5444] and the message
 processing/generation function of NHDP and OLSRv2.

Herberg, et al. Standards Track [Page 3] RFC 7183 Integrity Protection for NHDP and OLSRv2 April 2014

                            |                        |
                 Incoming   |                       /|\ Outgoing
                  packet   \|/                       |   packet
                            |                        |
                        +--------------------------------+
                        |                                |
                        |        RFC 5444 packet         |
                        |       parsing/generation       |
                        |                                |
                        +--------------------------------+
                            |                        |
                 Messages   |                       /|\ Messages with
                           \|/                       |  added TLVs
                            |                        |
 D                      +--------------------------------+
 R  /__________________ |                                |
 O  \      Messages     |     Mechanism specified in     |
 P      (failed check)  |         this document          |
                        |                                |
                        +--------------------------------+
                            |                        |
               Messages     |                       /|\ Messages
            (passed check) \|/                       |
                            |                        |
                        +--------------------------------+
                        |                                |
                        |      NHDP/OLSRv2 message       |
                        |     processing/generation      |
                        |                                |
                        +--------------------------------+
         Figure 1: Relationship with RFC 5444 and NHDP/OLSRv2

2. Terminology

 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
 "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
 [RFC2119].
 Additionally, this document uses the terminology and notation of
 [RFC5444], [RFC6130], [RFC7181], and [RFC7182].

Herberg, et al. Standards Track [Page 4] RFC 7183 Integrity Protection for NHDP and OLSRv2 April 2014

3. Applicability Statement

 [RFC6130] and [RFC7181] enable specifications of extensions to
 recognize additional reasons for rejecting a message as "badly formed
 and therefore invalid for processing", and mention security
 (integrity protection) as an explicit example.  This document
 specifies a mechanism that provides this functionality.
 Implementations of [RFC6130] and [RFC7181] MUST include this
 mechanism, and deployments of [RFC6130] and [RFC7181] SHOULD use this
 mechanism, except when a different security mechanism is more
 appropriate.
 The applicability of this mechanism is determined by its
 characteristics, which are that it:
 o  Specifies a security mechanism that is required to be included in
    conforming implementations of [RFC6130] and [RFC7181].
 o  Specifies an association of ICVs with protocol messages, and
    specifies how to use a missing or invalid ICV as a reason to
    reject a message as "badly formed and therefore invalid for
    processing".
 o  Specifies the implementation of an ICV Message TLV, defined in
    [RFC7182], using a SHA-256-based Hashed Message Authentication
    Code (HMAC) applied to the appropriate message contents (and for
    HELLO messages also including the IP datagram source address).
    Implementations of [RFC6130] and [RFC7181] MUST support an
    HMAC-SHA-256 ICV TLV, and deployments SHOULD use it except when
    use of a different algorithm is more appropriate.  An
    implementation MAY use more than one ICV TLV in a message, as long
    as they each use a different algorithm or key to calculate the
    ICV.
 o  Specifies the implementation of a TIMESTAMP Message TLV, defined
    in [RFC7182], to provide message replay protection.
    Implementations of [RFC6130] and [RFC7181] using this mechanism
    MUST support a timestamp based on POSIX time, and deployments
    SHOULD use it if the clocks in all routers in the network can be
    synchronized with sufficient precision.
 o  Assumes that a router that is able to generate correct integrity
    check values is considered trusted.

Herberg, et al. Standards Track [Page 5] RFC 7183 Integrity Protection for NHDP and OLSRv2 April 2014

 This mechanism does not:
 o  Specify which key identifiers are to be used in a MANET in which
    the routers share more than one secret key.  (Such keys will be
    differentiated using the <key-id> field defined in an ICV TLV in
    [RFC7182].)
 o  Specify how to distribute cryptographic material (shared secret
    key(s)).
 o  Specify how to detect compromised routers with valid keys.
 o  Specify how to handle (revoke) compromised routers with valid
    keys.

4. Protocol Overview and Functioning

 The mechanism specified in this document provides the following
 functionalities for use with messages specified by [RFC6130] and
 [RFC7181]:
 o  Generation of ICV Message TLVs (as defined in [RFC7182]) for
    inclusion in an outgoing message.  An implementation of [RFC6130]
    and [RFC7181] MAY use more than one ICV TLV in a message, even
    with the same type extension, but these ICV TLVs MUST each use
    different keys or they MUST use a different algorithm to calculate
    the ICV, e.g., with different hash and/or cryptographic functions
    when using type extension 1 or 2.  An implementation of [RFC6130]
    and [RFC7181] MUST at least be able to generate an ICV TLV using
    HMAC-SHA-256 and one or more secret keys shared by all routers.
 o  Generation of TIMESTAMP Message TLVs (as defined in [RFC7182]) for
    inclusion in an outgoing message.  An implementation of [RFC6130]
    and [RFC7181] MAY use more than one ICV TLV in a message, but it
    MUST NOT use the same type extension.  An implementation of
    [RFC6130] and [RFC7181] that is able to synchronize the clocks in
    all routers in the network with sufficient precision MUST at least
    be able to generate a TIMESTAMP TLV using POSIX time.
 o  Verification of ICV Message TLVs contained in a message, in order
    to determine if this message MUST be rejected as "badly formed and
    therefore invalid for processing" [RFC6130] [RFC7181].  An
    implementation of [RFC6130] and [RFC7181] MUST at least be able to
    verify an ICV TLV using HMAC/SHA-256 and one or more secret keys
    shared by all routers.

Herberg, et al. Standards Track [Page 6] RFC 7183 Integrity Protection for NHDP and OLSRv2 April 2014

 o  Verification of TIMESTAMP Message TLVs (as defined in [RFC7182])
    contained in a message, in order to determine if this message MUST
    be rejected as "badly formed and therefore invalid for processing"
    [RFC6130] [RFC7181].  An implementation of [RFC6130] and [RFC7181]
    that is able to synchronize the clocks in all routers in the
    network with sufficient precision MUST at least be able to verify
    a TIMESTAMP TLV using POSIX time.
 ICV Packet TLVs (as defined in [RFC7182]) MAY be used by a deployment
 of the multiplexing process defined in [RFC5444], either as well as
 or instead of the protection of the NHDP and OLSRv2 messages.  (Note
 that in the case of NHDP, the packet protection is equally good, and
 also protects the packet header.  In the case of OLSRv2, the packet
 protection has different properties than the message protection,
 especially for some forms of ICV.  When packets contain more than one
 message, the packet protection has lower overheads in space and
 computation time.)
 When a router generates a message on a MANET interface, this
 mechanism:
 o  Specifies how to calculate an ICV for the message.
 o  Specifies how to include that ICV using an ICV Message TLV.
 [RFC6130] and [RFC7181] allow for the rejection of incoming messages
 prior to processing by NHDP or OLSRv2.  This mechanism, when used,
 specifies that a message MUST be rejected if the ICV Message TLV is
 absent, or its value cannot be verified.  Note that this means that
 routers whose implementation of NHDP and/or OLSRv2 does not include
 this specification will be ignored by routers using this mechanism,
 and these two sets of routers will, by design, form disjoint MANETs.
 (The unsecured MANET will retain some information about the secured
 MANET, but be unable to use it, not having any recognized symmetric
 links with the secured MANET.)

5. Parameters

 The following router parameters are specified for use by the two
 protocols; the first is required only by NHDP, but may be visible to
 OLSRv2, the second is required only by OLSRv2:
 o  MAX_HELLO_TIMESTAMP_DIFF - The maximum age that a HELLO message to
    be validated may have.  If the current POSIX time of the router
    validating the HELLO message, minus the timestamp indicated in the
    TIMESTAMP TLV of the HELLO message, is greater than
    MAX_HELLO_TIMESTAMP_DIFF, the HELLO message MUST be silently
    discarded.

Herberg, et al. Standards Track [Page 7] RFC 7183 Integrity Protection for NHDP and OLSRv2 April 2014

 o  MAX_TC_TIMESTAMP_DIFF - The maximum age that a TC message to be
    validated may have.  If the current POSIX time of the router
    validating the TC message, minus the timestamp indicated in the
    TIMESTAMP TLV of the TC message, is greater than
    MAX_TC_TIMESTAMP_DIFF, the TC message MUST be silently discarded.
 The following constraints apply to these parameters:
 o  MAX_HELLO_TIMESTAMP_DIFF > 0
 o  MAX_TC_TIMESTAMP_DIFF > 0
 However, these bounds are insufficient: MAX_HELLO_TIMESTAMP_DIFF and
 MAX_TC_TIMESTAMP_DIFF MUST be least as great as the maximum expected
 "age" of a message (i.e., the time difference between a message has
 been sent by a router and received by all intended destinations).
 For HELLO messages, this needs only cover a single hop, but TC
 messages may have been forwarded a number of times.  In particular,
 for TC messages, if using jitter as specified in [RFC7181] and
 [RFC5148], the largest contribution the age may be a delay of up to
 F_MAXJITTER per hop (except the final hop) that the message has
 traveled.  Other factors in the delay of both message types, per hop,
 may include the link-layer that is used in the MANET, and CPU and
 memory resources of routers (e.g., queuing delays, and delays for
 processing ICVs).  An implementation MAY set lower and/or upper
 bounds on these parameters, if so, then these MUST allow values
 meeting these requirements.  An implementation MAY make its value of
 MAX_TC_TIMESTAMP_DIFF dependent on the number of hops that a TC
 message has traveled.
 The above constraints assume ideal time synchronization of the clock
 in all routers in the network.  The parameters
 MAX_HELLO_TIMESTAMP_DIFF and MAX_TC_TIMESTAMP_DIFF (and any
 constraints on them) MAY be increased to allow for expected timing
 differences between routers (between neighboring routers for
 MAX_HELLO_TIMESTAMP_DIFF, allowing for greater separation, but
 usually not per hop, for MAX_TC_TIMESTAMP_DIFF).
 Note that excessively large values of these parameters defeats their
 objectives, so these parameters SHOULD be as large as is required,
 but not significantly larger.
 Using POSIX time allows a resolution of no more than one second.  In
 many MANET use cases, time synchronization much below one second is
 not possible because of unreliable and high-delay channels, mobility,
 interrupted communication, and possible resource limitations.

Herberg, et al. Standards Track [Page 8] RFC 7183 Integrity Protection for NHDP and OLSRv2 April 2014

 In addition, when using the default message intervals and validity
 times as specified in [RFC6130] and [RFC7181], where the shortest
 periodic message interval is 2 seconds, repeating the message within
 a second is actually beneficial rather than harmful (at a small
 bandwidth cost).  Also, the use of [RFC5148] jitter can cause a
 message to take that long or longer to traverse the MANET, thus even
 in a perfectly synchronized network, the TC maximum delay would
 usually be greater than 1 second.
 A finer granularity than 1 second, and thus the use of an alternative
 timestamp, is however RECOMMENDED in cases where, possibly due to
 fast moving routers, message validity times are below 1 second.

6. Message Generation and Processing

 This section specifies how messages are generated and processed by
 [RFC6130] and [RFC7181] when using this mechanism.

6.1. Message Content

 Messages MUST have the content specified in [RFC6130] and [RFC7181],
 respectively.  In addition, messages that conform to this mechanism
 MUST contain:
 o  At least one ICV Message TLV (as specified in [RFC7182]),
    generated according to Section 6.2.  Implementations of [RFC6130]
    and [RFC7181] MUST support the following version of the ICV TLV,
    but other versions MAY be used instead, or in addition, in a
    deployment, if more appropriate:
  • For TC messages:
       +  type-extension := 1
  • For HELLO messages:
       +  type-extension := 2
  • hash-function := 3 (SHA-256)
  • cryptographic-function := 3 (HMAC)
    The ICV Value MAY be truncated as specified in [RFC7182]; the
    selection of an appropriate length MAY be administratively
    configured.  A message MAY contain several ICV Message TLVs.

Herberg, et al. Standards Track [Page 9] RFC 7183 Integrity Protection for NHDP and OLSRv2 April 2014

 o  At least one TIMESTAMP Message TLV (as specified in [RFC7182]),
    generated according to Section 6.2.  Implementations of [RFC6130]
    and [RFC7181] using this mechanism MUST support the following
    version of the TIMESTAMP TLV, but other versions MAY be used
    instead, or in addition, in a deployment, if more appropriate:
  • type-extension := 1

6.2. Message Generation

 After message generation (Section 11.1 of [RFC6130] and Section 16.1.
 of [RFC7181]) and before message transmission (Section 11.2 of
 [RFC6130] and Section 16.2 of [RFC7181]), the additional TLVs
 specified in Section 6.1 MUST (unless already present) be added to an
 outgoing message when using this mechanism.
 The following processing steps (when using a single timestamp version
 and a single ICV algorithm) MUST be performed for a cryptographic
 algorithm that is used for generating an ICV for a message:
 1.  All ICV TLVs (if any) are temporarily removed from the message.
     Any temporarily removed ICV TLVs MUST be stored, in order to be
     reinserted into the message in step 5.  The message size and
     Message TLV Block size are updated accordingly.
 2.  <msg-hop-count> and <msg-hop-limit>, if present, are temporarily
     set to 0.
 3.  A TLV of type TIMESTAMP, as specified in Section 6.1, is added to
     the Message TLV Block.  The message size and Message TLV Block
     size are updated accordingly.
 4.  A TLV of type ICV, as specified in Section 6.1, is added to the
     Message TLV Block.  The message size and Message TLV Block size
     are updated accordingly.
 5.  All ICV TLVs that were temporary removed in step 1, are restored.
     The message size and Message TLV Block size are updated
     accordingly.
 6.  <msg-hop-count> and <msg-hop-limit>, if present, are restored to
     their previous values.
 An implementation MAY add either alternative TIMESTAMP and/or ICV
 TLVs or more than one TIMESTAMP and/or ICV TLVs.  All TIMESTAMP TLVs
 MUST be inserted before adding ICV TLVs.

Herberg, et al. Standards Track [Page 10] RFC 7183 Integrity Protection for NHDP and OLSRv2 April 2014

6.3. Message Processing

 Both [RFC6130] and [RFC7181] specify that:
    On receiving a ... message, a router MUST first check if the
    message is invalid for processing by this router
 [RFC6130] and [RFC7181] proceed to give a number of conditions that,
 each, will lead to a rejection of the message as "badly formed and
 therefore invalid for processing".  When using a single timestamp
 version, and a single ICV algorithm, add the following conditions to
 that list, each of which, if true, MUST cause NHDP or OLSRv2 (as
 appropriate) to consider the message as invalid for processing when
 using this mechanism:
 1.  The Message TLV Block of the message does not contain exactly one
     TIMESTAMP TLV of the selected version.  This version
     specification includes the type extension.  (The Message TLV
     Block may also contain TIMESTAMP TLVs of other versions.)
 2.  The Message TLV Block does not contain exactly one ICV TLV using
     the selected algorithm and key identifier.  This algorithm
     specification includes the type extension, and for type
     extensions 1 and 2, the hash function and cryptographic function.
     (The Message TLV Block may also contain ICV TLVs using other
     algorithms and key identifiers.)
 3.  Validation of the identified (in step 1) TIMESTAMP TLV in the
     Message TLV Block of the message fails, as according to
     Section 6.3.1.
 4.  Validation of the identified (in step 2) ICV TLV in the Message
     TLV Block of the message fails, as according to Section 6.3.2.
 An implementation MAY check the existence of, and verify, either an
 alternative TIMESTAMP and/or ICV TLVs or more than one TIMESTAMP and/
 or ICV TLVs.

6.3.1. Validating a Message Based on Timestamp

 For a TIMESTAMP Message TLV with type extension 1 (POSIX time)
 identified as described in Section 6.2:
 1.  If the current POSIX time minus the value of that TIMESTAMP TLV
     is greater than MAX_HELLO_TIMESTAMP_DIFF (for a HELLO message) or
     MAX_TC_TIMESTAMP_DIFF (for a TC message), then the message
     validation fails.

Herberg, et al. Standards Track [Page 11] RFC 7183 Integrity Protection for NHDP and OLSRv2 April 2014

 2.  Otherwise, the message validation succeeds.
 If a deployment chooses to use a different type extension from 1,
 appropriate measures MUST be taken to verify freshness of the
 message.

6.3.2. Validating a Message Based on Integrity Check

 For an ICV Message TLV identified as described in Section 6.2:
 1.  All ICV Message TLVs (including the identified ICV Message TLV)
     are temporarily removed from the message, and the message size
     and Message TLV Block size are updated accordingly.
 2.  The message's <msg-hop-count> and <msg-hop-limit> fields are
     temporarily set to 0.
 3.  Calculate the ICV for the parameters specified in the identified
     ICV Message TLV, as specified in [RFC7182].
 4.  If this ICV differs from the value of <ICV-data> in the ICV
     Message TLV, then the message validation fails.  If the
     <ICV-data> has been truncated (as specified in [RFC7182], the ICV
     calculated in the previous step MUST be truncated to the TLV
     length of the ICV Message TLV before comparing it with the
     <ICV-data>.
 5.  Otherwise, the message validation succeeds.  The message's
     <msg-hop-count> and <msg-hop-limit> fields are restored to their
     previous value, and the ICV Message TLVs are returned to the
     message, whose size is updated accordingly.

7. Provisioning of Routers

 Before a router using this mechanism is able to generate ICVs or
 validate messages, it MUST acquire the shared secret key(s) to be
 used by all routers that are to participate in the network.  This
 specification does not define how a router acquires secret keys.
 Once a router has acquired suitable key(s), it MAY be configured to
 use, or not use, this mechanism.  Section 23.6 of [RFC7181] provides
 a rationale based on [BCP107] why no key management is specified for
 OLSRv2.

8. Security Considerations

 This document specifies a security mechanism for use with NHDP and
 OLSRv2 that allows for mitigating several security threats.

Herberg, et al. Standards Track [Page 12] RFC 7183 Integrity Protection for NHDP and OLSRv2 April 2014

8.1. Mitigated Attacks

 This section briefly summarizes security threats that are mitigated
 by the mechanism presented in this document.

8.1.1. Identity Spoofing

 As only routers possessing the selected shared secret key are able to
 add a valid ICV TLV to a message, identity spoofing, where an
 attacker falsely claims an identity of a valid router, is countered.
 When using one or more shared keys for all routers in the MANET, it
 is only possible to determine that it is a valid router in the
 network, not to discern particular routers.  Therefore, a malicious
 router in possession of valid keys (e.g., a compromised router) may
 still spoof the identity of another router using the same key.

8.1.2. Link Spoofing

 Link spoofing, where an attacker falsely represents the existence of
 a nonexistent link, or otherwise misrepresents a link's state, is
 countered by the mechanism specified in this document, using the same
 argument as in Section 8.1.1.

8.1.3. Replay Attack

 Replay attacks are partly countered by the mechanism specified in
 this document, but this depends on synchronized clocks of all routers
 in the MANET.  An attacker that records messages to replay them later
 can only do so in the selected time interval after the timestamp that
 is contained in message.  As an attacker cannot modify the content of
 this timestamp (as it is protected by the identity check value), an
 attacker cannot replay messages after this time.  Within this time
 interval, it is still possible to perform replay attacks; however,
 the limits on the time interval are specified so that this will have
 a limited effect on the operation of the protocol.

8.2. Limitations

 If no synchronized clocks are available in the MANET, replay attacks
 cannot be countered by the mechanism provided by this document.  An
 alternative version of the TIMESTAMP TLV defined in [RFC7182], with a
 monotonic sequence number, may have some partial value in this case,
 but will necessitate adding state to record observed message sequence
 number information.
 The mechanism provided by this document does not avoid or detect
 security attacks by routers possessing the shared secret key that is
 used to generate integrity check values for messages.

Herberg, et al. Standards Track [Page 13] RFC 7183 Integrity Protection for NHDP and OLSRv2 April 2014

 This mechanism relies on an out-of-band protocol or mechanism for
 distributing the shared secret key(s) (and if an alternative
 integrity check value is used, any additional cryptographic
 parameters).
 This mechanism does not provide a key management mechanism.  Refer to
 Section 23.6 of [RFC7181] for a detailed discussion why the automated
 key management requirements specified in [BCP107] do not apply for
 OLSRv2 and NHDP.

9. Acknowledgments

 The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the following
 people: Justin Dean (NRL) and Henning Rogge (Frauenhofer FKIE).

10. References

10.1. Normative References

 [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
            Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
 [RFC5444]  Clausen, T., Dearlove, C., Dean, J., and C. Adjih,
            "Generalized Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Packet/Message
            Format", RFC 5444, February 2009.
 [RFC6130]  Clausen, T., Dearlove, C., and J. Dean, "Mobile Ad Hoc
            Network (MANET) Neighborhood Discovery Protocol (NHDP)",
            RFC 6130, April 2011.
 [RFC7181]  Clausen, T., Dearlove, C., Jacquet, P., and U. Herberg,
            "The Optimized Link State Routing Protocol Version 2", RFC
            7181, April 2014.
 [RFC7182]  Herberg, U., Clausen, T., and C. Dearlove, "Integrity
            Check Value and Timestamp TLV Definitions for Mobile Ad
            Hoc Networks (MANETs)", RFC 7182, April 2014.

10.2. Informative References

 [BCP107]   Bellovin, S. and R. Housley, "Guidelines for Cryptographic
            Key Management", BCP 107, RFC 4107, June 2005.
 [RFC5148]  Clausen, T., Dearlove, C., and B. Adamson, "Jitter
            Considerations in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)", RFC
            5148, February 2008.

Herberg, et al. Standards Track [Page 14] RFC 7183 Integrity Protection for NHDP and OLSRv2 April 2014

Authors' Addresses

 Ulrich Herberg
 Fujitsu Laboratories of America
 1240 E. Arques Ave.
 Sunnyvale, CA, 94085
 USA
 EMail: ulrich@herberg.name
 URI:   http://www.herberg.name/
 Christopher Dearlove
 BAE Systems Advanced Technology Centre
 West Hanningfield Road
 Great Baddow, Chelmsford
 United Kingdom
 Phone: +44 1245 242194
 EMail: chris.dearlove@baesystems.com
 URI:   http://www.baesystems.com/
 Thomas Heide Clausen
 LIX, Ecole Polytechnique
 91128 Palaiseau Cedex
 France
 Phone: +33 6 6058 9349
 EMail: T.Clausen@computer.org
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Herberg, et al. Standards Track [Page 15]

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