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rfc:rfc6956

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) W. Wang Request for Comments: 6956 Zhejiang Gongshang University Category: Standards Track E. Haleplidis ISSN: 2070-1721 University of Patras

                                                              K. Ogawa
                                                       NTT Corporation
                                                                 C. Li
                                                       Hangzhou DPtech
                                                            J. Halpern
                                                              Ericsson
                                                             June 2013
         Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES)
                Logical Function Block (LFB) Library

Abstract

 This document defines basic classes of Logical Function Blocks (LFBs)
 used in Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES).  The
 basic LFB classes are defined according to the ForCES Forwarding
 Element (FE) model and ForCES protocol specifications; they are
 scoped to meet requirements of typical router functions and are
 considered the basic LFB library for ForCES.  The library includes
 the descriptions of the LFBs and the XML definitions.

Status of This Memo

 This is an Internet Standards Track document.
 This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
 (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
 received public review and has been approved for publication by the
 Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on
 Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.
 Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
 and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
 http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6956.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

Copyright Notice

 Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
 document authors.  All rights reserved.
 This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
 Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
 (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
 publication of this document.  Please review these documents
 carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
 to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
 include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
 the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
 described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

 1. Introduction ....................................................3
 2. Terminology and Conventions .....................................4
    2.1. Requirements Language ......................................4
    2.2. Definitions ................................................4
 3. Overview ........................................................6
    3.1. Scope of the Library .......................................6
    3.2. Overview of LFB Classes in the Library .....................8
         3.2.1. LFB Design Choices ..................................8
         3.2.2. LFB Class Groupings .................................9
         3.2.3. Sample LFB Class Application .......................10
    3.3. Document Structure ........................................11
 4. Base Types .....................................................11
    4.1. Data Types ................................................13
         4.1.1. Atomic .............................................13
         4.1.2. Compound Struct ....................................13
         4.1.3. Compound Array .....................................14
    4.2. Frame Types ...............................................14
    4.3. Metadata Types ............................................15
    4.4. XML for Base Type Library .................................16
 5. LFB Class Descriptions .........................................41
    5.1. Ethernet-Processing LFBs ..................................42
         5.1.1. EtherPHYCop ........................................42
         5.1.2. EtherMACIn .........................................44
         5.1.3. EtherClassifier ....................................46
         5.1.4. EtherEncap .........................................48
         5.1.5. EtherMACOut ........................................50
    5.2. IP Packet Validation LFBs .................................52
         5.2.1. IPv4Validator ......................................52
         5.2.2. IPv6Validator ......................................54

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 2] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

    5.3. IP Forwarding LFBs ........................................55
         5.3.1. IPv4UcastLPM .......................................56
         5.3.2. IPv4NextHop ........................................58
         5.3.3. IPv6UcastLPM .......................................60
         5.3.4. IPv6NextHop ........................................62
    5.4. Redirect LFBs .............................................64
         5.4.1. RedirectIn .........................................64
         5.4.2. RedirectOut ........................................65
    5.5. General Purpose LFBs ......................................66
         5.5.1. BasicMetadataDispatch ..............................66
         5.5.2. GenericScheduler ...................................68
 6. XML for LFB Library ............................................69
 7. LFB Class Use Cases ............................................97
    7.1. IPv4 Forwarding ...........................................98
    7.2. ARP Processing ...........................................101
 8. IANA Considerations ...........................................102
    8.1. LFB Class Names and LFB Class Identifiers ................103
    8.2. Metadata ID ..............................................105
    8.3. Exception ID .............................................106
    8.4. Validate Error ID ........................................107
 9. Security Considerations .......................................108
 10. References ...................................................108
    10.1. Normative References ....................................108
    10.2. Informative References ..................................108
 Appendix A.  Acknowledgements ....................................110
 Appendix B.  Contributors ........................................110

1. Introduction

 [RFC3746] specifies the Forwarding and Control Element Separation
 (ForCES) framework.  In the framework, Control Elements (CEs)
 configure and manage one or more separate Forwarding Elements (FEs)
 within a Network Element (NE) by use of a ForCES protocol.  [RFC5810]
 specifies the ForCES protocol.  [RFC5812] specifies the Forwarding
 Element (FE) model.  In the model, resources in FEs are described by
 classes of Logical Function Blocks (LFBs).  The FE model defines the
 structure and abstract semantics of LFBs and provides XML schema for
 the definitions of LFBs.
 This document conforms to the specifications of the FE model
 [RFC5812] and specifies detailed definitions of classes of LFBs,
 including detailed XML definitions of LFBs.  These LFBs form a base
 LFB library for ForCES.  LFBs in the base library are expected to be
 combined to form an LFB topology for a typical router to implement IP
 forwarding.  It should be emphasized that an LFB is an abstraction of
 functions rather than implementation details.  The purpose of the LFB
 definitions is to represent functions so as to provide
 interoperability between separate CEs and FEs.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 3] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 More LFB classes with more functions may be developed in the future
 and documented by the IETF.  Vendors may also develop proprietary LFB
 classes as described in the FE model [RFC5812].

2. Terminology and Conventions

2.1. Requirements Language

 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
 document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

2.2. Definitions

 This document follows the terminology defined by the ForCES protocol
 in [RFC5810] and by the ForCES FE model in [RFC5812].  The
 definitions below are repeated for clarity.
    Control Element (CE) - A logical entity that implements the ForCES
    protocol and uses it to instruct one or more FEs on how to process
    packets.  CEs handle functionality such as the execution of
    control and signaling protocols.
    Forwarding Element (FE) - A logical entity that implements the
    ForCES protocol.  FEs use the underlying hardware to provide per-
    packet processing and handling as directed/controlled by one or
    more CEs via the ForCES protocol.
    ForCES Network Element (NE) - An entity composed of one or more
    CEs and one or more FEs.  To entities outside an NE, the NE
    represents a single point of management.  Similarly, an NE usually
    hides its internal organization from external entities.
    Logical Function Block (LFB) - The basic building block that is
    operated on by the ForCES protocol.  The LFB is a well-defined,
    logically separable functional block that resides in an FE and is
    controlled by the CE via the ForCES protocol.  The LFB may reside
    at the FE's data path and process packets or may be purely an FE
    control or configuration entity that is operated on by the CE.
    Note that the LFB is a functionally accurate abstraction of the
    FE's processing capabilities but not a hardware-accurate
    representation of the FE implementation.
    FE Model - The FE model is designed to model the logical
    processing functions of an FE, which is defined by the ForCES FE
    model document [RFC5812].  The FE model proposed in this document
    includes three components: the LFB modeling of individual Logical
    Functional Blocks (LFB model), the logical interconnection between

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 4] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

    LFBs (LFB topology), and the FE-level attributes, including FE
    capabilities.  The FE model provides the basis to define the
    information elements exchanged between the CE and the FE in the
    ForCES protocol [RFC5810].
    FE Topology - A representation of how the multiple FEs within a
    single NE are interconnected.  Sometimes this is called inter-FE
    topology, to be distinguished from intra-FE topology (i.e., LFB
    topology).
    LFB Class and LFB Instance - LFBs are categorized by LFB classes.
    An LFB instance represents an LFB class (or type) existence.
    There may be multiple instances of the same LFB class (or type) in
    an FE.  An LFB class is represented by an LFB class ID, and an LFB
    instance is represented by an LFB instance ID.  As a result, an
    LFB class ID associated with an LFB instance ID uniquely specifies
    an LFB existence.
    LFB Metadata - Metadata is used to communicate per-packet state
    from one LFB to another but is not sent across the network.  The
    FE model defines how such metadata is identified, produced, and
    consumed by the LFBs.  It defines the functionality but not how
    metadata is encoded within an implementation.
    LFB Component - Operational parameters of the LFBs that must be
    visible to the CEs are conceptualized in the FE model as the LFB
    components.  The LFB components include, for example, flags,
    single parameter arguments, complex arguments, and tables that the
    CE can read and/or write via the ForCES protocol (see below).
    LFB Topology - Representation of how the LFB instances are
    logically interconnected and placed along the data path within one
    FE.  Sometimes it is also called intra-FE topology, to be
    distinguished from inter-FE topology.
    Data Path - A conceptual path taken by packets within the
    forwarding plane inside an FE.  Note that more than one data path
    can exist within an FE.
    ForCES Protocol - While there may be multiple protocols used
    within the overall ForCES architecture, the term "ForCES protocol"
    and "protocol" refer to the Fp reference points in the ForCES
    framework in [RFC3746].  This protocol does not apply to CE-to-CE
    communication, FE-to-FE communication, or to communication between
    FE and CE managers.  Basically, the ForCES protocol works in a
    master-slave mode in which FEs are slaves and CEs are masters.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 5] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

    Physical Port - A port refers to a physical media input port or
    output port of an FE.  A physical port is usually assigned with a
    physical port ID, abbreviated with a PHYPortID.  This document
    mainly deals with physical ports with Ethernet media.
    Logical Port - A conceptually virtual port at the data link layer
    (L2) or network layer (L3).  A logical port is usually assigned
    with a logical port ID, abbreviated with a LogicalPortID.  The
    logical ports can be further categorized with an L2 logical port
    or an L3 logical port.  An L2 logical port can be assigned with an
    L2 logical port ID, abbreviated with an L2PortID.  An L3 logical
    port can be assigned with an L3 logical port ID, abbreviated with
    an L3PortID.  MAC-layer VLAN ports belong to logical ports, and
    they belong to L2 logical ports.
    LFB Port - The connection points where one LFB can be connected to
    another within an FE.  As described in [RFC5812], the CE can
    connect LFBs together by establishing connections between an
    output port of one LFB instance and an input port of another LFB
    instance.  Also see Section 3.2 of [RFC5812] for more details.
    Singleton Port - A named input or output port of an LFB.  This
    port is referred to by a name.  When the context is clear, the
    term "singleton" by itself is used to refer to a singleton port.
    Group Port - A named collection of input or output ports of an
    LFB.  A group port is referred to by a name.  A group port
    consists of a number of port instances, which are referred to by a
    combination of a name and an index.
    LFB Class Library - The LFB class library is a set of LFB classes
    that has been identified as the most common functions found in
    most FEs and hence should be defined first by the ForCES Working
    Group.  The LFB class library is defined by this document.

3. Overview

3.1. Scope of the Library

 It is intended that the LFB classes described in this document are
 designed to provide the functions of a typical router.  [RFC1812]
 specifies that a typical router is expected to provide functions to:

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 6] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 (1)  Interface to packet networks and implement the functions
      required by that network.  These functions typically include:
  • Encapsulating and decapsulating the IP datagrams with the

connected network framing (e.g., an Ethernet header and

         checksum),
  • Sending and receiving IP datagrams up to the maximum size

supported by that network (this size is the network's Maximum

         Transmission Unit or MTU),
  • Translating the IP destination address into an appropriate

network-level address for the connected network (e.g., an

         Ethernet hardware address), if needed, and
  • Responding to network flow control and error indications, if

any.

 (2)  Conform to specific Internet protocols including the Internet
      Protocol (IPv4 and/or IPv6), Internet Control Message Protocol
      (ICMP), and others as necessary.
 (3)  Receive and forward Internet datagrams.  Important issues in
      this process are buffer management, congestion control, and
      fairness.
  • Recognize error conditions and generate ICMP error and

information messages as required.

  • Drop datagrams whose time-to-live fields have reached zero.
  • Fragment datagrams when necessary to fit into the MTU of the

next link or interface.

 (4)  Choose a next-hop destination for each IP datagram, based on the
      information in its routing database.
 (5)  Usually support an interior gateway protocol (IGP) to carry out
      distributed routing and reachability algorithms with the other
      routers in the same autonomous system.  In addition, some
      routers will need to support an exterior gateway protocol (EGP)
      to exchange topological information with other autonomous
      systems.  For all routers, it is essential to provide the
      ability to manage static routing items.
 (6)  Provide network management and system support facilities,
      including loading, debugging, status reporting, statistics
      query, exception reporting, and control.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 7] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 The classical IP router utilizing the ForCES framework constitutes a
 CE running some controlling IGP and/or EGP function or static route
 setup and FEs implemented by use of Logical Function Blocks (LFBs)
 conforming to the FE model [RFC5812] specification.  The CE, in
 conformance to the ForCES protocol [RFC5810] and the FE model
 [RFC5812] specifications, instructs the LFBs on the FE how to treat
 received/sent packets.
 Packets in an IP router are received and transmitted on physical
 media typically referred to as "ports".  Different physical media
 will have different ways for encapsulating outgoing frames and
 decapsulating incoming frames.  The different physical media will
 also have different attributes that influence its behavior and how
 frames get encapsulated or decapsulated.  This document will only
 deal with Ethernet physical media.  Future documents may deal with
 other types of media.  This document will also interchangeably refer
 to a port as an abstraction that constitutes a physical layer (PHY)
 and a Media Access Control (MAC) layer, as described by LFBs like
 EtherPHYCop, EtherMACIn, and EtherMACOut.
 IP packets emanating from port LFBs are then processed by a
 validation LFB before being further forwarded to the next LFB.  After
 the validation process, the packet is passed to an LFB where an IP
 forwarding decision is made.  In the IP Forwarding LFBs, a Longest
 Prefix Match LFB is used to look up the destination information in a
 packet and select a next-hop index for sending the packet onward.  A
 next-hop LFB uses the next-hop index metadata to apply the proper
 headers to the IP packets and direct them to the proper egress.  Note
 that in the process of IP packet processing, in this document, we are
 adhering to the weak-host model [RFC1122] since that is the most
 usable model for a packet processing a Network Element.

3.2. Overview of LFB Classes in the Library

 It is critical to classify functional requirements into various
 classes of LFBs and construct a typical but also flexible enough base
 LFB library for various IP forwarding equipments.

3.2.1. LFB Design Choices

 A few design principles were factored into choosing what the base
 LFBs look like:
 o  If a function can be designed by either one LFB or two or more
    LFBs with the same cost, the choice is to go with two or more LFBs
    so as to provide more flexibility for implementers.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 8] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 o  An LFB should take advantage of its independence as much as
    possible and have minimal coupling with other LFBs.  The coupling
    may be from LFB attributes definitions as well as physical
    implementations.
 o  Unless there is a clear difference in functionality, similar
    packet processing in the base LFB library should not be
    represented simultaneously as two or more LFBs.  For instance, it
    should not be simultaneously defined with two different LFBs for
    the same next-hop processing.  Otherwise, it may add extra burden
    on implementation to achieve interoperability.

3.2.2. LFB Class Groupings

 This document defines groups of LFBs for typical router function
 requirements:
 (1)  A group of Ethernet-processing LFBs are defined to abstract the
      packet processing for Ethernet as the port media type.  As
      Ethernet is the most popular media type with rich processing
      features, Ethernet media processing LFBs were a natural choice.
      Definitions for processing of other port media types like Packet
      over SONET (POS) or Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) may be
      incorporated in the library in future versions of this document
      or in a separate document.  The following LFBs are defined for
      Ethernet processing:
  • EtherPHYCop (Section 5.1.1)
  • EtherMACIn (Section 5.1.2)
  • EtherClassifier (Section 5.1.3)
  • EtherEncap (Section 5.1.4)
  • EtherMACOut (Section 5.1.5)
 (2)  A group of LFBs are defined for IP packet validation process.
      The following LFBs are defined for IP validation processing:
  • IPv4Validator (Section 5.2.1)
  • IPv6Validator (Section 5.2.2)
 (3)  A group of LFBs are defined to abstract IP forwarding process.
      The following LFBs are defined for IP forwarding processing:
  • IPv4UcastLPM (Section 5.3.1)

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 9] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

  • IPv4NextHop (Section 5.3.2)
  • IPv6UcastLPM (Section 5.3.3)
  • IPv6NextHop (Section 5.3.4)
 (4)  A group of LFBs are defined to abstract the process for redirect
      operation, i.e., data packet transmission between CE and FEs.
      The following LFBs are defined for redirect processing:
  • RedirectIn (Section 5.4.1)
  • RedirectOut (Section 5.4.2)
 (5)  A group of LFBs are defined for abstracting some general purpose
      packet processing.  These processing processes are usually
      general to many processing locations in an FE LFB topology.  The
      following LFBs are defined for redirect processing:
  • BasicMetadataDispatch (Section 5.5.1)
  • GenericScheduler (Section 5.5.2)

3.2.3. Sample LFB Class Application

 Although Section 7 will present use cases for the LFBs defined in
 this document, this section shows a simple sample LFB class
 application in advance so that readers can get a quick overlook of
 the LFB classes with the usage.
 Figure 1 shows a simple LFB processing path for Ethernet packets
 entered from Ethernet physical ports.
 +-----+                +------+
 |     |EtherPHYIn      |      |            from some LFB(s) that
 |     |<---------------|Ether |<---------- generate Ethernet
 |     |                |MACOut|            packets
 |     |                | LFB  |
 |Ether|                +------+
 |PHY  |                +------+
 |Cop  |                |      |
 |LFB  |EtherPHYOut     | Ether|            to some LFB(s) that
 |     |--------------->| MACIn|----------> may classify Ethernet
 |     |                |  LFB |            packets and do IP-layer
 |     |                |      |            processing
 +-----+                +------+
                Figure 1:  A Simple Sample LFB Use Case

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 10] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 In the figure, Ethernet packets from outer networks enter via the
 EtherPHYCop LFB (Section 5.1.1), which describes Ethernet copper
 interface properties (like the link speed) at the physical layer.
 After physical-layer processing, Ethernet packets are delivered to
 the EtherMACIn LFB (Section 5.1.2) to describe its MAC-layer
 processing functions (like locality check).  The packets after the
 EtherMACIn LFB may require further processing to implement various
 functions (like IP-layer forwarding); therefore, some LFBs may follow
 the EtherMACIn LFB in topology to describe followed processing
 functions.
 Meanwhile, packets generated by some LFB(s) may need to be submitted
 to outer physical networks.  The process is described in the figure
 by an EtherMACOut LFB (Section 5.1.5) at the MAC layer and the
 EtherPHYCop LFB at the physical layer.

3.3. Document Structure

 Base type definitions, including data types, packet frame types, and
 metadata types, are presented in advance for definitions of various
 LFB classes.  Section 4 ("Base Types") provides a description on the
 base types used by this LFB library.  To enable extensive use of
 these base types by other LFB class definitions, the base type
 definitions are provided as a separate library.
 Within every group of LFB classes, a set of LFBs are defined for
 individual function purposes.  Section 5 ("LFB Class Descriptions")
 provides text descriptions on the individual LFBs.  Note that for a
 complete definition of an LFB, a text description and an XML
 definition are required.
 LFB classes are finally defined by XML with specifications and schema
 defined in the ForCES FE model [RFC5812].  Section 6 ("XML for LFB
 Library") provides the complete XML definitions of the base LFB
 classes library.
 Section 7 provides several use cases on how some typical router
 functions can be implemented using the base LFB library defined in
 this document.

4. Base Types

 The FE model [RFC5812] has specified predefined (built-in) atomic
 data types: char, uchar, int16, uint16, int32, uint32, int64, uint64,
 string[N], string, byte[N], boolean, octetstring[N], float16,
 float32, and float64.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 11] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 Note that, unlike the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
 information model, called the Structure of Management Information
 (SMI) [RFC2578], the FE model has not defined specific atomic data
 types for counting purposes.  This document also does not define
 specific counter types.  To describe LFB elements for packet
 statistics, which actually requires counters on packets, an unsigned
 integer, like an uint32 or an uint64, is adopted.  This document
 states that any LFB element defined for counting purposes is
 specified to monotonically increase until it reaches a maximum value,
 when it wraps around and starts increasing again from zero.  This
 document also states that how the unsigned integer element might be
 maintained to cope with issues like counter discontinuities when a
 counter wraps or is reset for any reason is an implementation's
 issue.  If a CE is expected to understand more meanings of the
 counter element than stated above, a private definition on the
 element between the CE and FE may be required.
 Based on the atomic data types and with the use of type definition
 elements in the FE model XML schema, new data types, packet frame
 types, and metadata types can be defined.
 To define a base LFB library for typical router functions, a set of
 base data types, frame types, and metadata types should be defined.
 This section provides a brief description of the base types and a
 full XML definition of them as well.
 The base type XML definitions are provided with a separate XML
 library file named "BaseTypeLibrary".  Users can refer to this
 library by the statement:
 <load library="BaseTypeLibrary" location="..."/>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 12] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

4.1. Data Types

 Data types defined in the base type library are categorized by the
 following types: atomic, compound struct, and compound array.

4.1.1. Atomic

 The following data types are defined as atomic data types and put in
 the base type library:
  Data Type Name      Brief Description
  --------------      -----------------
  IPv4Addr            IPv4 address
  IPv6Addr            IPv6 address
  IEEEMAC             IEEE MAC address
  LANSpeedType        LAN speed by value types
  DuplexType          Duplex types
  PortStatusType      The possible types of port status, used for
                       both administrative and operative status
  VlanIDType          The type of VLAN ID
  VlanPriorityType    The type of VLAN priority
  SchdDisciplineType  Scheduling discipline type

4.1.2. Compound Struct

 The following compound struct types are defined in the base type
 library:
  Data Type Name           Brief Description
  --------------           -----------------
  EtherDispatchEntryType   Entry type for Ethernet dispatch table
  VlanInputTableEntryType  Entry type for VLAN input table
  EncapTableEntryType      Entry type for Ethernet encapsulation table
  MACInStatsType           Statistics type for EtherMACIn LFB
  MACOutStatsType          Statistics type for EtherMACOut LFB
  EtherClassifyStatsType   Entry type for statistics table in
                            EtherClassifier LFB
  IPv4PrefixInfoType       Entry type for IPv4 prefix table
  IPv6PrefixInfoType       Entry type for IPv6 prefix table
  IPv4NextHopInfoType      Entry type for IPv4 next-hop table
  IPv6NextHopInfoType      Entry type for IPv6 next-hop table
  IPv4ValidatorStatsType   Statistics type in IPv4validator LFB
  IPv6ValidatorStatsType   Statistics type in IPv6validator LFB
  IPv4UcastLPMStatsType    Statistics type in IPv4UcastLPM LFB
  IPv6UcastLPMStatsType    Statistics type in IPv6UcastLPM LFB
  QueueStatsType           Entry type for queue depth table
  MetadataDispatchType     Entry type for metadata dispatch table

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 13] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

4.1.3. Compound Array

 Compound array types are mostly created based on compound struct
 types for LFB table components.  The following compound array types
 are defined in this base type library:
  Data Type Name               Brief Description
  --------------               -----------------
  EtherClassifyStatsTableType  Type for Ethernet classifier statistics
                                information table
  EtherDispatchTableType       Type for Ethernet dispatch table
  VlanInputTableType           Type for VLAN input table
  EncapTableType               Type for Ethernet encapsulation table
  IPv4PrefixTableType          Type for IPv4 prefix table
  IPv6PrefixTableType          Type for IPv6 prefix table
  IPv4NextHopTableType         Type for IPv4 next-hop table
  IPv6NextHopTableType         Type for IPv6 next-hop table
  MetadataDispatchTableType    Type for Metadata dispatch table
  QueueStatsTableType          Type for Queue depth table

4.2. Frame Types

 According to the FE model [RFC5812], frame types are used in LFB
 definitions to define packet frame types that an LFB expects at its
 input port and that the LFB emits at its output port.  The <frameDef>
 element in the FE model is used to define a new frame type.
 The following frame types are defined in the base type library:
  Frame Name           Brief Description
  --------------       -----------------
  EthernetII           An Ethernet II frame
  ARP                  An ARP packet frame
  IPv4                 An IPv4 packet frame
  IPv6                 An IPv6 packet frame
  IPv4Unicast          An IPv4 unicast packet frame
  IPv4Multicast        An IPv4 multicast packet frame
  IPv6Unicast          An IPv6 unicast packet frame
  IPv6Multicast        An IPv6 multicast packet frame
  Arbitrary            Any type of packet frames

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 14] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

4.3. Metadata Types

 LFB metadata is used to communicate per-packet state from one LFB to
 another.  The <metadataDef> element in the FE model is used to define
 a new metadata type.
 The following metadata types are currently defined in the base type
 library.
 Metadata Name  Metadata ID  Brief Description
 ------------   -----------  -----------------
 PHYPortID          1        Metadata indicating a physical port ID
 SrcMAC             2        Metadata indicating a source MAC address
 DstMAC             3        Metadata indicating a destination MAC
                              address
 LogicalPortID      4        Metadata of a logical port ID
 EtherType          5        Metadata indicating an Ethernet type
 VlanID             6        Metadata of a VLAN ID
 VlanPriority       7        Metadata of a VLAN priority
 NextHopIPv4Addr    8        Metadata representing a next-hop IPv4
                              address
 NextHopIPv6Addr    9        Metadata representing a next-hop IPv6
                              address
 HopSelector        10       Metadata indicating a hop selector
 ExceptionID        11       Metadata indicating exception types for
                              exceptional cases during LFB processing
 ValidateErrorID    12       Metadata indicating error types when a
                              packet passes validation process
 L3PortID           13       Metadata indicating ID of an L3 logical
                              port
 RedirectIndex      14       Metadata that CE sends to RedirectIn LFB,
                              indicating an associated packet a group
                              output port index of the LFB
 MediaEncapInfoIndex 15      A search key a packet uses to look up a
                              table in related LFBs to select an
                              encapsulation media

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 15] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

4.4. XML for Base Type Library

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <LFBLibrary xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:forces:lfbmodel:1.0"

   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   provides="BaseTypeLibrary">
 <frameDefs>
    <frameDef>
       <name>EthernetAll</name>
       <synopsis>Packet with any Ethernet type</synopsis>
    </frameDef>
    <frameDef>
       <name>EthernetII</name>
       <synopsis>Packet with Ethernet II type</synopsis>
    </frameDef>
    <frameDef>
       <name>ARP</name>
       <synopsis>ARP packet</synopsis>
    </frameDef>
    <frameDef>
       <name>IPv4</name>
       <synopsis>IPv4 packet</synopsis>
    </frameDef>
    <frameDef>
       <name>IPv6</name>
       <synopsis>IPv6 packet</synopsis>
    </frameDef>
    <frameDef>
       <name>IPv4Unicast</name>
       <synopsis>IPv4 unicast packet</synopsis>
    </frameDef>
    <frameDef>
       <name>IPv4Multicast</name>
       <synopsis>IPv4 multicast packet</synopsis>
    </frameDef>
    <frameDef>
       <name>IPv6Unicast</name>
       <synopsis>IPv6 unicast packet</synopsis>
    </frameDef>
    <frameDef>
       <name>IPv6Multicast</name>
       <synopsis>IPv6 multicast packet</synopsis>
    </frameDef>
    <frameDef>
       <name>Arbitrary</name>
       <synopsis>Any type of packet</synopsis>
    </frameDef>
 </frameDefs>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 16] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 <dataTypeDefs>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>IPv4Addr</name>
       <synopsis>IPv4 address</synopsis>
       <typeRef>byte[4]</typeRef>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>IPv6Addr</name>
       <synopsis>IPv6 address</synopsis>
       <typeRef>byte[16]</typeRef>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>IEEEMAC</name>
       <synopsis>IEEE MAC address</synopsis>
       <typeRef>byte[6]</typeRef>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
      <name>LANSpeedType</name>
      <synopsis>LAN speed type</synopsis>
      <atomic>
       <baseType>uint32</baseType>
       <specialValues>
         <specialValue value="0x00000000">
          <name>LAN_SPEED_NONE</name>
          <synopsis>Nothing connected</synopsis>
         </specialValue>
         <specialValue value="0x00000001">
          <name>LAN_SPEED_10M</name>
          <synopsis>10M Ethernet</synopsis>
         </specialValue>
         <specialValue value="0x00000002">
          <name>LAN_SPEED_100M</name>
          <synopsis>100M Ethernet</synopsis>
         </specialValue>
         <specialValue value="0x00000003">
          <name>LAN_SPEED_1G</name>
          <synopsis>1G Ethernet</synopsis>
         </specialValue>
         <specialValue value="0x00000004">
          <name>LAN_SPEED_10G</name>
          <synopsis>10G Ethernet</synopsis>
         </specialValue>
         <specialValue value="0x00000005">
          <name>LAN_SPEED_40G</name>
          <synopsis>40G Ethernet</synopsis>
         </specialValue>
         <specialValue value="0x00000006">
          <name>LAN_SPEED_100G</name>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 17] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

          <synopsis>100G Ethernet</synopsis>
         </specialValue>
         <specialValue value="0x00000007">
          <name>LAN_SPEED_400G</name>
          <synopsis>400G Ethernet</synopsis>
         </specialValue>
         <specialValue value="0x00000008">
          <name>LAN_SPEED_1T</name>
          <synopsis>1T Ethernet</synopsis>
         </specialValue>
         <specialValue value="0x00000009">
          <name>LAN_SPEED_OTHER</name>
          <synopsis>Other LAN speed type</synopsis>
         </specialValue>
         <specialValue value="0x0000000A">
          <name>LAN_SPEED_AUTO</name>
          <synopsis>LAN speed by auto negotiation</synopsis>
         </specialValue>
       </specialValues>
      </atomic>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
      <name>DuplexType</name>
      <synopsis>Duplex mode type</synopsis>
      <atomic>
       <baseType>uint32</baseType>
       <specialValues>
         <specialValue value="0x00000001">
          <name>Auto</name>
          <synopsis>Auto negotiation</synopsis>
         </specialValue>
         <specialValue value="0x00000002">
          <name>HalfDuplex</name>
          <synopsis>Half duplex</synopsis>
         </specialValue>
         <specialValue value="0x00000003">
          <name>FullDuplex</name>
          <synopsis>Full duplex</synopsis>
         </specialValue>
       </specialValues>
      </atomic>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
      <name>PortStatusType</name>
      <synopsis>
        Type for port status, used for both administrative and
        operative status.
      </synopsis>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 18] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

      <atomic>
       <baseType>uchar</baseType>
       <specialValues>
         <specialValue value="0">
          <name>Disabled</name>
          <synopsis>Port disabled</synopsis>
         </specialValue>
         <specialValue value="1">
          <name>Up</name>
          <synopsis>Port up</synopsis>
         </specialValue>
         <specialValue value="2">
          <name>Down</name>
          <synopsis>Port down</synopsis>
         </specialValue>
       </specialValues>
      </atomic>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>MACInStatsType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type defined for statistics in EtherMACIn LFB.
       </synopsis>
       <struct>
          <component componentID="1">
             <name>NumPacketsReceived</name>
             <synopsis>Number of packets received</synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint64</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2">
             <name>NumPacketsDropped</name>
             <synopsis>Number of packets dropped</synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint64</typeRef>
          </component>
       </struct>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>MACOutStatsType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type defined for statistics in EtherMACOut LFB.
       </synopsis>
       <struct>
          <component componentID="1">
             <name>NumPacketsTransmitted</name>
             <synopsis>Number of packets transmitted</synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint64</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2">

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 19] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

             <name>NumPacketsDropped</name>
             <synopsis>Number of packets dropped</synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint64</typeRef>
          </component>
       </struct>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>EtherDispatchEntryType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type defined for entry of Ethernet dispatch
         table in EtherClassifier LFB.
       </synopsis>
       <struct>
          <component componentID="1">
             <name>LogicalPortID</name>
             <synopsis>Logical port ID</synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2">
             <name>EtherType</name>
             <synopsis>
              The Ethernet type of the Ethernet packet.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint16</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="3">
             <name>Reserved</name>
             <synopsis>
             A reserved bit space mainly for purpose of padding
             and packing efficiency.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint16</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="4">
             <name>LFBOutputSelectIndex</name>
              <synopsis>
                Index for a packet to select an instance in the
                group output port of EtherClassifier LFB to output.
              </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
       </struct>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 20] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

       <name>EtherDispatchTableType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type defined for Ethernet dispatch table in
         EtherClassifier LFB.  The table is composed of an array
         of entries with EtherDispatchEntryType data type.
       </synopsis>
       <array type="variable-size">
         <typeRef>EtherDispatchEntryType</typeRef>
       </array>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>VlanIDType</name>
       <synopsis>Data type for VLAN ID</synopsis>
       <atomic>
       <baseType>uint16</baseType>
         <rangeRestriction>
            <allowedRange min="0" max="4095"/>
          </rangeRestriction>
       </atomic>
     </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>VlanPriorityType</name>
       <synopsis>Data type for VLAN priority</synopsis>
       <atomic>
       <baseType>uchar</baseType>
         <rangeRestriction>
            <allowedRange min="0" max="7"/>
         </rangeRestriction>
       </atomic>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>VlanInputTableEntryType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type for entry of VLAN input table in EtherClassifier
         LFB.  Each entry of the table contains an incoming port ID,
         a VLAN ID and a logical port ID.  Every input packet is
         assigned with a new logical port ID according to the
         packet incoming port ID and the VLAN ID.
         </synopsis>
       <struct>
          <component componentID="1">
             <name>IncomingPortID</name>
             <synopsis>The incoming port ID</synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2">
             <name>VlanID</name>
             <synopsis>The VLAN ID</synopsis>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 21] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

             <typeRef>VlanIDType</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="3">
             <name>Reserved</name>
             <synopsis>
             A reserved bit space mainly for purpose of padding
             and packing efficiency.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint16</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="4">
             <name>LogicalPortID</name>
             <synopsis>The logical port ID</synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
       </struct>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>VlanInputTableType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type for the VLAN input table in EtherClassifier
         LFB.  The table is composed of an array of entries with
         VlanInputTableEntryType.
       </synopsis>
       <array type="variable-size">
         <typeRef>VlanInputTableEntryType</typeRef>
       </array>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>EtherClassifyStatsType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type for entry of statistics table in EtherClassifier
         LFB.
       </synopsis>
       <struct>
          <component componentID="1">
             <name>EtherType</name>
             <synopsis>
              The Ethernet type of the Ethernet packet.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint16</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2">
             <name>Reserved</name>
             <synopsis>
             A reserved bit space mainly for purpose of padding
             and packing efficiency.
             </synopsis>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 22] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

             <typeRef>uint16</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="3">
             <name>PacketsNum</name>
             <synopsis>Packets number</synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint64</typeRef>
          </component>
       </struct>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>EtherClassifyStatsTableType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type for statistics table in EtherClassifier LFB.
       </synopsis>
       <array type="variable-size">
         <typeRef>EtherClassifyStatsType</typeRef>
       </array>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>IPv4ValidatorStatsType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type for statistics in IPv4validator LFB.
       </synopsis>
       <struct>
          <component componentID="1">
             <name>badHeaderPkts</name>
             <synopsis>Number of packets with bad header</synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint64</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2">
             <name>badTotalLengthPkts</name>
             <synopsis>
               Number of packets with bad total length
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint64</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="3">
             <name>badTTLPkts</name>
             <synopsis>Number of packets with bad TTL</synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint64</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="4">
             <name>badChecksumPkts</name>
             <synopsis>Number of packets with bad checksum</synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint64</typeRef>
          </component>
       </struct>
    </dataTypeDef>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 23] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>IPv6ValidatorStatsType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type for statistics in IPv6validator LFB.
       </synopsis>
       <struct>
          <component componentID="1">
             <name>badHeaderPkts</name>
             <synopsis>Number of packets with bad header</synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint64</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2">
             <name>badTotalLengthPkts</name>
             <synopsis>
             Number of packets with bad total length.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint64</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="3">
             <name>badHopLimitPkts</name>
             <synopsis>
             Number of packets with bad hop limit.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint64</typeRef>
          </component>
       </struct>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>IPv4PrefixInfoType</name>
       <synopsis>Data type for entry of IPv4 longest prefix match
        table in IPv4UcastLPM LFB.  The destination IPv4 address
        of every input packet is used as a search key to look up
        the table to find out a next-hop selector.</synopsis>
       <struct>
          <component componentID="1">
             <name>IPv4Address</name>
             <synopsis>The destination IPv4 address</synopsis>
             <typeRef>IPv4Addr</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2">
             <name>Prefixlen</name>
             <synopsis>The prefix length</synopsis>
             <atomic>
                <baseType>uchar</baseType>
                <rangeRestriction>
                   <allowedRange min="0" max="32"/>
                </rangeRestriction>
             </atomic>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 24] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

          </component>
          <component componentID="3">
             <name>ECMPFlag</name>
             <synopsis>The ECMP flag</synopsis>
             <atomic>
                <baseType>boolean</baseType>
                <specialValues>
                   <specialValue value="false">
                      <name>False</name>
                      <synopsis>
                       ECMP false, indicating the route
                       does not have multiple next hops.
                      </synopsis>
                   </specialValue>
                   <specialValue value="true">
                      <name>True</name>
                      <synopsis>
                        ECMP true, indicating the route
                        has multiple next hops.
                      </synopsis>
                   </specialValue>
                </specialValues>
             </atomic>
          </component>
          <component componentID="4">
             <name>DefaultRouteFlag</name>
             <synopsis>Default route flag</synopsis>
             <atomic>
                <baseType>boolean</baseType>
                <specialValues>
                   <specialValue value="false">
                      <name>False</name>
                      <synopsis>
                        Default route false, indicating the
                        route is not a default route.
                      </synopsis>
                   </specialValue>
                   <specialValue value="true">
                      <name>True</name>
                      <synopsis>
                        Default route true, indicating the
                        route is a default route.
                      </synopsis>
                   </specialValue>
                </specialValues>
             </atomic>
          </component>
          <component componentID="5">

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 25] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

             <name>Reserved</name>
             <synopsis>
             A reserved bit space mainly for purpose of padding
             and packing efficiency.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uchar</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="6">
             <name>HopSelector</name>
             <synopsis>
               The HopSelector produced by the prefix matching LFB,
               which will be output to downstream LFB to find next-
               hop information.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
       </struct>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>IPv4PrefixTableType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type for IPv4 longest prefix match table in
         IPv4UcastLPM LFB.  Entry of the table is
         of IPv4PrefixInfoType data type.
       </synopsis>
       <array type="variable-size">
         <typeRef>IPv4PrefixInfoType</typeRef>
       </array>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>IPv4UcastLPMStatsType</name>
       <synopsis>
        Data type for statistics in IPv4UcastLPM LFB.
       </synopsis>
       <struct>
          <component componentID="1">
             <name>InRcvdPkts</name>
             <synopsis>Number of received input packets.</synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint64</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2">
             <name>FwdPkts</name>
             <synopsis>Number of forwarded packets.</synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint64</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="3">

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 26] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

             <name>NoRoutePkts</name>
             <synopsis>
              Number of packets with no route found.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint64</typeRef>
          </component>
       </struct>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>IPv6PrefixInfoType</name>
       <synopsis>Data type for entry of IPv6 longest prefix match
        table in IPv6UcastLPM LFB.  The destination IPv6 address
        of every input packet is used as a search key to look up
        the table to find out a next-hop selector.</synopsis>
       <struct>
          <component componentID="1">
             <name>IPv6Address</name>
             <synopsis>The destination IPv6 address</synopsis>
             <typeRef>IPv6Addr</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2">
             <name>Prefixlen</name>
             <synopsis>The prefix length</synopsis>
             <atomic>
                <baseType>uchar</baseType>
                <rangeRestriction>
                   <allowedRange min="0" max="128"/>
                </rangeRestriction>
             </atomic>
          </component>
          <component componentID="3">
             <name>ECMPFlag</name>
             <synopsis>ECMP flag</synopsis>
             <atomic>
                <baseType>boolean</baseType>
                <specialValues>
                   <specialValue value="false">
                      <name>False</name>
                      <synopsis>ECMP false</synopsis>
                   </specialValue>
                   <specialValue value="true">
                      <name>True</name>
                      <synopsis>ECMP true</synopsis>
                   </specialValue>
                </specialValues>
             </atomic>
          </component>
          <component componentID="4">

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 27] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

             <name>DefaultRouteFlag</name>
             <synopsis>Default route flag</synopsis>
             <atomic>
                <baseType>boolean</baseType>
                <specialValues>
                   <specialValue value="false">
                      <name>False</name>
                      <synopsis>Default false</synopsis>
                   </specialValue>
                   <specialValue value="true">
                      <name>True</name>
                      <synopsis>Default route true</synopsis>
                   </specialValue>
                </specialValues>
             </atomic>
          </component>
          <component componentID="5">
             <name>Reserved</name>
             <synopsis>
             A reserved bit space mainly for purpose of padding
             and packing efficiency.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uchar</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="6">
             <name>HopSelector</name>
             <synopsis>
               The HopSelector produced by the prefix matching LFB,
               which will be output to downstream LFB to find next-
               hop information.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
       </struct>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>IPv6PrefixTableType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type for IPv6 longest prefix match table in
         IPv6UcastLPM LFB.  Entry of the table is
         of IPv6PrefixInfoType data type.
       </synopsis>
       <array type="variable-size">
         <typeRef>IPv6PrefixInfoType</typeRef>
       </array>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 28] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

       <name>IPv6UcastLPMStatsType</name>
       <synopsis>Data type for statistics in IPv6UcastLPM LFB
       </synopsis>
       <struct>
          <component componentID="1">
             <name>InRcvdPkts</name>
             <synopsis>Number of received input packets</synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint64</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2">
             <name>FwdPkts</name>
             <synopsis>Number of forwarded packets</synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint64</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="3">
             <name>NoRoutePkts</name>
             <synopsis>
              Number of packets with no route found.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint64</typeRef>
          </component>
       </struct>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>IPv4NextHopInfoType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type for entry of IPv4 next-hop information table
         in IPv4NextHop LFB.  The table uses a hop selector
         received from upstream LFB as a search key to look up
         index of the table to find the next-hop information.
       </synopsis>
       <struct>
          <component componentID="1">
             <name>L3PortID</name>
             <synopsis>
              The ID of the logical output port that is to pass
              onto downstream LFB, indicating what port to the
              neighbor is as defined by L3.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2">
             <name>MTU</name>
             <synopsis>
              Maximum Transmission Unit for outgoing port
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 29] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

          <component componentID="3">
             <name>NextHopIPAddr</name>
             <synopsis>The next-hop IPv4 address</synopsis>
             <typeRef>IPv4Addr</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="4">
             <name>MediaEncapInfoIndex</name>
             <synopsis>
               The index passed onto a downstream encapsulation
               LFB, used there as a search key to lookup further
               encapsulation information.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="5">
             <name>LFBOutputSelectIndex</name>
              <synopsis>
                The index for the IPv4NextHop LFB to choose an
                instance in the group output port of the LFB to
                output.
              </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
       </struct>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>IPv4NextHopTableType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type for IPv4 next-hop table in IPv4NextHop LFB.
         Entry of the table is of IPv4NextHopInfoType data type.
       </synopsis>
       <array type="variable-size">
         <typeRef>IPv4NextHopInfoType</typeRef>
       </array>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>IPv6NextHopInfoType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type for entry of IPv6 next-hop information table
         in IPv6NextHop LFB.  The table uses a hop selector
         received from upstream LFB as a search key to look up
         index of the table to find the next-hop information.
       </synopsis>
       <struct>
          <component componentID="1">

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 30] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

             <name>L3PortID</name>
             <synopsis>
              The ID of the logical output port that is to pass
              onto downstream LFB, indicating what port to the
              neighbor is as defined by L3.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2">
             <name>MTU</name>
             <synopsis>
               Maximum Transmission Unit for outgoing port
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="3">
             <name>NextHopIPAddr</name>
             <synopsis>The next-hop IPv6 address</synopsis>
             <typeRef>IPv6Addr</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="4">
             <name>MediaEncapInfoIndex</name>
             <synopsis>
               The index passed onto a downstream encapsulation
               LFB, used there as a search key to lookup further
               encapsulation information.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="5">
             <name>LFBOutputSelectIndex</name>
              <synopsis>
               The index for the IPv6NextHop LFB to choose an instance
               in the group output port of the LFB to output.
              </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
       </struct>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>IPv6NextHopTableType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type for IPv6 next-hop table in IPv6NextHop LFB.
         Entry of the table is of IPv6NextHopInfoType data type.
       </synopsis>
       <array type="variable-size">
         <typeRef>IPv6NextHopInfoType</typeRef>
       </array>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 31] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>EncapTableEntryType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type for entry of Ethernet encapsulation table in
         EtherEncap LFB.  The LFB uses the MediaEncapInfoIndex
         received from upstream LFB as index of the table to
         find encapsulation information of every packet.
       </synopsis>
       <struct>
          <component componentID="1">
             <name>DstMac</name>
             <synopsis>
               Destination MAC address for Ethernet encapsulation of
               the packet.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>IEEEMAC</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2">
             <name>SrcMac</name>
             <synopsis>
               Source MAC address for Ethernet encapsulation of the
               packet.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>IEEEMAC</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="3">
             <name>VlanID</name>
             <synopsis>The VLAN ID assigned to the packet</synopsis>
             <typeRef>VlanIDType</typeRef>
          </component>
           <component componentID="4">
             <name>Reserved</name>
             <synopsis>
              A reserved bit space mainly for purpose of padding
              and packing efficiency.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint16</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="5">
             <name>L2PortID</name>
             <synopsis>
               The L2 logical output port ID for the packet.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
       </struct>
    </dataTypeDef>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 32] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>EncapTableType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type for Ethernet encapsulation table in EtherEncap
         LFB.  Entry of the table is of EncapTableEntryType data
         type.
       </synopsis>
       <array type="variable-size">
         <typeRef>EncapTableEntryType</typeRef>
       </array>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>MetadataDispatchType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type for entry of metadata dispatch table used in
         BasicMetadataDispatch LFB.  The LFB uses a metadata value
         as a search key to look up the table to find an index of
         the LFB group output port to output the packet.
       </synopsis>
       <struct>
          <component componentID="1">
             <name>MetadataValue</name>
             <synopsis>The value of the dispatch metadata</synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2">
             <name>OutputIndex</name>
             <synopsis>
               Index of a group output port for outgoing packets.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
       </struct>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>MetadataDispatchTableType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type for metadata dispatch table used in
         BasicMetadataDispatch LFB.  Metadata value of
         the table is also defined as a content key field.
       </synopsis>
       <array type="variable-size">
         <typeRef>MetadataDispatchType</typeRef>
         <contentKey contentKeyID="1">
         <contentKeyField>MetadataValue</contentKeyField>
         </contentKey>
       </array>
    </dataTypeDef>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 33] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>SchdDisciplineType</name>
       <synopsis>Scheduling discipline type</synopsis>
       <atomic>
          <baseType>uint32</baseType>
          <specialValues>
             <specialValue value="1">
                <name>RR</name>
                <synopsis>
                  Round Robin scheduling discipline
                </synopsis>
             </specialValue>
          </specialValues>
       </atomic>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>QueueStatsType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type for entry of queue statistics table in
         GenericScheduler LFB.
       </synopsis>
       <struct>
          <component componentID="1">
             <name>QueueID</name>
             <synopsis>The input queue ID</synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2">
             <name>QueueDepthInPackets</name>
             <synopsis>Current queue depth in packets</synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="3">
             <name>QueueDepthInBytes</name>
             <synopsis>Current queue depth in bytes</synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
       </struct>
    </dataTypeDef>
    <dataTypeDef>
       <name>QueueStatsTableType</name>
       <synopsis>
         Data type for queue statistics table in GenericScheduler
         LFB.  Entry of the table is of QueueStatsType data type.
       </synopsis>
       <array type="variable-size">
         <typeRef>QueueStatsType</typeRef>
       </array>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 34] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

    </dataTypeDef>
 </dataTypeDefs>
 <metadataDefs>
    <metadataDef>
       <name>PHYPortID</name>
       <synopsis>Metadata indicating physical port ID</synopsis>
       <metadataID>1</metadataID>
       <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
    </metadataDef>
    <metadataDef>
       <name>SrcMAC</name>
       <synopsis>Metadata indicating source MAC address</synopsis>
       <metadataID>2</metadataID>
       <typeRef>IEEEMAC</typeRef>
    </metadataDef>
    <metadataDef>
       <name>DstMAC</name>
       <synopsis>
         Metadata indicating destination MAC address.
       </synopsis>
       <metadataID>3</metadataID>
       <typeRef>IEEEMAC</typeRef>
    </metadataDef>
    <metadataDef>
       <name>LogicalPortID</name>
       <synopsis>Metadata of logical port ID</synopsis>
       <metadataID>4</metadataID>
       <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
    </metadataDef>
    <metadataDef>
       <name>EtherType</name>
       <synopsis>Metadata indicating Ethernet type</synopsis>
       <metadataID>5</metadataID>
       <typeRef>uint16</typeRef>
    </metadataDef>
    <metadataDef>
       <name>VlanID</name>
       <synopsis>Metadata of VLAN ID</synopsis>
       <metadataID>6</metadataID>
       <typeRef>VlanIDType</typeRef>
    </metadataDef>
    <metadataDef>
       <name>VlanPriority</name>
       <synopsis>Metadata of VLAN priority</synopsis>
       <metadataID>7</metadataID>
       <typeRef>VlanPriorityType</typeRef>
    </metadataDef>
    <metadataDef>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 35] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

       <name>NextHopIPv4Addr</name>
       <synopsis>
         Metadata representing a next-hop IPv4 address
       </synopsis>
       <metadataID>8</metadataID>
       <typeRef>IPv4Addr</typeRef>
    </metadataDef>
    <metadataDef>
       <name>NextHopIPv6Addr</name>
       <synopsis>
         Metadata representing a next-hop IPv6 address
       </synopsis>
       <metadataID>9</metadataID>
       <typeRef>IPv6Addr</typeRef>
    </metadataDef>
    <metadataDef>
       <name>HopSelector</name>
       <synopsis>Metadata indicating a hop selector</synopsis>
       <metadataID>10</metadataID>
       <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
    </metadataDef>
    <metadataDef>
       <name>ExceptionID</name>
       <synopsis>
         Metadata indicating exception types for exceptional cases
         during packet processing.
       </synopsis>
       <metadataID>11</metadataID>
       <atomic>
          <baseType>uint32</baseType>
          <specialValues>
              <specialValue value="0">
                <name>AnyUnrecognizedExceptionCase</name>
                <synopsis>Any unrecognized exception case</synopsis>
                </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="1">
                <name>ClassifyNoMatching</name>
                <synopsis>
                 Exception case: no matching of tables in
                 EtherClassifier LFB.
                </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="2">
                <name>MediaEncapInfoIndexInvalid</name>
                <synopsis>
                 Exception case: the MediaEncapInfoIndex value of
                 the packet is invalid and cannot be allocated in
                 the EncapTable in EtherEncap LFB.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 36] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

                </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="3">
                <name>EncapTableLookupFailed</name>
                <synopsis>
                 Exception case: the packet fails lookup of the
                 EncapTable table in EtherEncap LFB even though the
                 MediaEncapInfoIndex is valid.
                </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="4">
                <name>BadTTL</name>
                <synopsis>
                 Exception case: packet with expired TTL
                </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="5">
                <name>IPv4HeaderLengthMismatch</name>
                <synopsis>
                 Exception case: packet with header length more
                 than 5 words.
                </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="6">
                 <name>RouterAlertOptions</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Exception case: packet IP head includes router
                  alert options.
                 </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="7">
                 <name>IPv6HopLimitZero</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Exception case: packet with the hop limit to zero.
                 </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="8">
                 <name>IPv6NextHeaderHBH</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Exception case: packet with next header set to
                  Hop-by-Hop.
                 </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="9">
                 <name>SrcAddressException</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Exception case: packet with exceptional source
                  address.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 37] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

                 </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="10">
                 <name>DstAddressException</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Exception case: packet with exceptional destination
                  address.
                 </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="11">
                 <name>LPMLookupFailed</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Exception case: packet failed the LPM table lookup
                  in a prefix match LFB.
                 </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="12">
                 <name>HopSelectorInvalid</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Exception case: HopSelector for the packet is
                  invalid.
                 </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="13">
                 <name>NextHopLookupFailed</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Exception case: packet failed lookup of a next-hop
                  table even though HopSelector is valid.
                 </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="14">
                 <name>FragRequired</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Exception case: packet fragmentation is required
                 </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="15">
                 <name>MetadataNoMatching</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Exception case: there is no matching when looking
                  up the metadata dispatch table in
                  BasicMetadataDispatch LFB.
                 </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
           </specialValues>
        </atomic>
    </metadataDef>
    <metadataDef>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 38] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

        <name>ValidateErrorID</name>
        <synopsis>
          Metadata indicating error types when a packet passes
          validation process.
        </synopsis>
        <metadataID>12</metadataID>
        <atomic>
           <baseType>uint32</baseType>
           <specialValues>
              <specialValue value="0">
                 <name>AnyUnrecognizedValidateErrorCase</name>
                 <synopsis>
                   Any unrecognized validate error case.
                 </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="1">
                 <name>InvalidIPv4PacketSize</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Error case: packet length reported by the link
                  layer is less than 20 bytes.
                 </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="2">
                 <name>NotIPv4Packet</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Error case: packet is not IP version 4</synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="3">
                 <name>InvalidIPv4HeaderLengthSize</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Error case: packet with header length field in
                  the header less than 5 words.
                 </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="4">
                 <name>InvalidIPv4LengthFieldSize</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Error case: packet with total length field in the
                  header less than 20 bytes.
                 </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="5">
                 <name>InvalidIPv4Checksum</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Error case: packet with invalid checksum.
                  </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="6">

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 39] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

                 <name>InvalidIPv4SrcAddr</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Error case: packet with invalid IPv4 source
                  address.
                 </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="7">
                 <name>InvalidIPv4DstAddr</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Error case: packet with invalid IPv4 destination
                  address.
                 </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="8">
                 <name>InvalidIPv6PacketSize</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Error case: packet size is less than 40 bytes.
                 </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="9">
                 <name>NotIPv6Packet</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Error case: packet is not IP version 6
                  </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="10">
                 <name>InvalidIPv6SrcAddr</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Error case: packet with invalid IPv6 source address.
                 </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
              <specialValue value="11">
                 <name>InvalidIPv6DstAddr</name>
                 <synopsis>
                  Error case: packet with invalid IPv6 destination
                  address.
                 </synopsis>
              </specialValue>
           </specialValues>
        </atomic>
    </metadataDef>
    <metadataDef>
       <name>L3PortID</name>
       <synopsis>
         Metadata indicating ID of an L3 logical port
       </synopsis>
       <metadataID>13</metadataID>
       <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 40] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

    </metadataDef>
    <metadataDef>
       <name>RedirectIndex</name>
       <synopsis>
         Metadata that CE sends to RedirectIn LFB, indicating
         the index of the LFB group output port.
       </synopsis>
       <metadataID>14</metadataID>
       <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
    </metadataDef>
    <metadataDef>
       <name>MediaEncapInfoIndex</name>
       <synopsis>
         A search key a packet uses to look up a table to select
         an encapsulation media.
       </synopsis>
       <metadataID>15</metadataID>
       <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
    </metadataDef>
 </metadataDefs>

</LFBLibrary>

5. LFB Class Descriptions

 According to ForCES specifications, an LFB (Logical Function Block)
 is a well-defined, logically separable functional block that resides
 in an FE and is a functionally accurate abstraction of the FE's
 processing capabilities.  An LFB class (or type) is a template that
 represents a fine-grained, logically separable aspect of FE
 processing.  Most LFBs are related to packet processing in the data
 path.  LFB classes are the basic building blocks of the FE model.
 Note that [RFC5810] has already defined an 'FE Protocol LFB', which
 is a logical entity in each FE to control the ForCES protocol.
 [RFC5812] has already defined an 'FE Object LFB'.  Information like
 the FE Name, FE ID, FE State, and LFB Topology in the FE are
 represented in this LFB.
 As specified in Section 3.1, this document focuses on the base LFB
 library for implementing typical router functions, especially for IP
 forwarding functions.  As a result, LFB classes in the library are
 all base LFBs to implement router forwarding.
 In this section, the terms "upstream LFB" and "downstream LFB" are
 used.  These are used relative to the LFB that is being described.
 An "upstream LFB" is one whose output ports are connected to input
 ports of the LFB under consideration such that output (typically
 packets with metadata) can be sent from the "upstream LFB" to the LFB
 under consideration.  Similarly, a "downstream LFB" whose input ports

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 41] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 are connected to output ports of the LFB under consideration such
 that the LFB under consideration can send information to the
 "downstream LFB".  Note that in some rare topologies, an LFB may be
 both upstream and downstream relative to another LFB.
 Also note that, as a default provision of [RFC5812], in the FE model,
 all metadata produced by upstream LFBs will pass through all
 downstream LFBs by default without being specified by input port or
 output port.  Only those metadata that will be used (consumed) by an
 LFB will be explicitly marked in the input of the LFB as expected
 metadata.  For instance, in downstream LFBs of a physical-layer LFB,
 even if there is no specific metadata expected, metadata like
 PHYPortID produced by the physical-layer LFB will always pass through
 all downstream LFBs regardless of whether or not the metadata has
 been expected by the LFBs.

5.1. Ethernet-Processing LFBs

 As the most popular physical- and data-link-layer protocol, Ethernet
 is widely deployed.  It becomes a basic requirement for a router to
 be able to process various Ethernet data packets.
 Note that different versions of Ethernet formats exist, like Ethernet
 V2, 802.3 RAW, IEEE 802.3/802.2, and IEEE 802.3/802.2 SNAP.
 Varieties of LAN techniques based on Ethernet also exist, like
 various VLANs, MACinMAC, etc.  Ethernet-processing LFBs defined here
 are intended to be able to cope with all these variations of Ethernet
 technology.
 There are also various types of Ethernet physical interface media.
 Among them, copper and fiber media may be the most popular ones.  As
 a base LFB definition and a starting point, this document only
 defines an Ethernet physical LFB with copper media.  For other media
 interfaces, specific LFBs may be defined in future versions of the
 library.

5.1.1. EtherPHYCop

 EtherPHYCop LFB abstracts an Ethernet interface physical layer with
 media limited to copper.

5.1.1.1. Data Handling

 This LFB is the interface to the Ethernet physical media.  The LFB
 handles Ethernet frames coming in from or going out of the FE.
 Ethernet frames sent and received cover all packets encapsulated with
 different versions of Ethernet protocols, like Ethernet V2, 802.3
 RAW, IEEE 802.3/802.2, and IEEE 802.3/802.2 SNAP, including packets

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 42] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 encapsulated with varieties of LAN techniques based on Ethernet, like
 various VLANs, MACinMAC, etc.  Therefore, in the XML, an EthernetAll
 frame type has been introduced.
 Ethernet frames are received from the physical media port and passed
 downstream to LFBs, such as EtherMACIn LFBs, via a singleton output
 known as "EtherPHYOut".  A PHYPortID metadata, which indicates the
 physical port from which the frame came in from the external world,
 is passed along with the frame.
 Ethernet packets are received by this LFB from upstream LFBs, such as
 EtherMacOut LFBs, via the singleton input known as "EtherPHYIn"
 before being sent out to the external world.

5.1.1.2. Components

 The AdminStatus component is defined for the CE to administratively
 manage the status of the LFB.  The CE may administratively start up
 or shut down the LFB by changing the value of AdminStatus.  The
 default value is set to 'Down'.
 An OperStatus component captures the physical port operational
 status.  A PHYPortStatusChanged event is defined so the LFB can
 report to the CE whenever there is an operational status change of
 the physical port.
 The PHYPortID component is a unique identification for a physical
 port.  It is defined as 'read-only' by the CE.  Its value is
 enumerated by FE.  The component will be used to produce a PHYPortID
 metadata at the LFB output and to associate it to every Ethernet
 packet this LFB receives.  The metadata will be handed to downstream
 LFBs for them to use the PHYPortID.
 A group of components are defined for link speed management.  The
 AdminLinkSpeed is for the CE to configure link speed for the port,
 and the OperLinkSpeed is for the CE to query the actual link speed in
 operation.  The default value for the AdminLinkSpeed is set to auto-
 negotiation mode.
 A group of components are defined for duplex mode management.  The
 AdminDuplexMode is for the CE to configure proper duplex mode for the
 port, and the OperDuplexMode is for CE to query the actual duplex
 mode in operation.  The default value for the AdminDuplexMode is set
 to auto-negotiation mode.
 A CarrierStatus component captures the status of the carrier and
 specifies whether the port link is operationally up.  The default
 value for the CarrierStatus is 'false'.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 43] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

5.1.1.3. Capabilities

 The capability information for this LFB includes the link speeds that
 are supported by the FE (SupportedLinkSpeed) as well as the supported
 duplex modes (SupportedDuplexMode).

5.1.1.4. Events

 Several events are generated.  There is an event for changes in the
 status of the physical port (PhyPortStatusChanged).  Such an event
 will notify that the physical port status has been changed, and the
 report will include the new status of the physical port.
 Another event captures changes in the operational link speed
 (LinkSpeedChanged).  Such an event will notify the CE that the
 operational speed has been changed, and the report will include the
 new negotiated operational speed.
 A final event captures changes in the duplex mode
 (DuplexModeChanged).  Such an event will notify the CE that the
 duplex mode has been changed and the report will include the new
 negotiated duplex mode.

5.1.2. EtherMACIn

 EtherMACIn LFB abstracts an Ethernet port at the MAC data link layer.
 This LFB describes Ethernet processing functions like checking MAC
 address locality, deciding if the Ethernet packets should be bridged,
 providing Ethernet-layer flow control, etc.

5.1.2.1. Data Handling

 The LFB is expected to receive all types of Ethernet packets (via a
 singleton input known as "EtherPktsIn"), which are usually output
 from some Ethernet physical-layer LFB, like an EtherPHYCop LFB, along
 with a metadata indicating the physical port ID of the port on which
 the packet arrived.
 The LFB is defined with two separate singleton outputs.  All output
 packets are emitted in the original Ethernet format received at the
 physical port, unchanged, and cover all Ethernet types.
 The first singleton output is known as "NormalPathOut".  It usually
 outputs Ethernet packets to some LFB, like an EtherClassifier LFB,
 for further L3 forwarding process along with a PHYPortID metadata
 indicating the physical port from which the packet came.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 44] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 The second singleton output is known as "L2BridgingPathOut".
 Although the LFB library this document defines is basically to meet
 typical router functions, it will attempt to be forward compatible
 with future router functions.  The L2BridgingPathOut is defined to
 meet the requirement that L2 bridging functions may be optionally
 supported simultaneously with L3 processing and some L2 bridging LFBs
 that may be defined in the future.  If the FE supports L2 bridging,
 the CE can enable or disable it by means of a "L2BridgingPathEnable"
 component in the FE.  If it is enabled, by also instantiating some L2
 bridging LFB instances following the L2BridgingPathOut, FEs are
 expected to fulfill L2 bridging functions.  L2BridgingPathOut will
 output packets exactly the same as in the NormalPathOut output.
 This LFB can be set to work in a promiscuous mode, allowing all
 packets to pass through the LFB without being dropped.  Otherwise, a
 locality check will be performed based on the local MAC addresses.
 All packets that do not pass through the locality check will be
 dropped.
 This LFB can optionally participate in Ethernet flow control in
 cooperation with EtherMACOut LFB.  This document does not go into the
 details of how this is implemented.  This document also does not
 describe how the buffers that induce the flow control messages behave
 -- it is assumed that such artifacts exist, and describing them is
 out of scope in this document.

5.1.2.2. Components

 The AdminStatus component is defined for the CE to administratively
 manage the status of the LFB.  The CE may administratively start up
 or shut down the LFB by changing the value of AdminStatus.  The
 default value is set to 'Down'.
 The LocalMACAddresses component specifies the local MAC addresses
 based on which locality checks will be made.  This component is an
 array of MAC addresses and of 'read-write' access permission.
 An L2BridgingPathEnable component captures whether the LFB is set to
 work as an L2 bridge.  An FE that does not support bridging will
 internally set this flag to false and additionally set the flag
 property as read-only.  The default value for the component is
 'false'.
 The PromiscuousMode component specifies whether the LFB is set to
 work in a promiscuous mode.  The default value for the component is
 'false'.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 45] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 The TxFlowControl component defines whether the LFB is performing
 flow control on sending packets.  The default value is 'false'.  Note
 that the component is defined as "optional".  If an FE does not
 implement the component while a CE tries to configure the component
 to that FE, an error from the FE may be responded to the CE with an
 error code like 0x09 (E_COMPONENT_DOES_NOT_EXIST) or 0x15
 (E_NOT_SUPPORTED), depending on the FE processing.  See [RFC5810] for
 details.
 The RxFlowControl component defines whether the LFB is performing
 flow control on receiving packets.  The default value is 'false'.
 The component is defined as "optional".
 A struct component, MACInStats, defines a set of statistics for this
 LFB, including the number of received packets and the number of
 dropped packets.  Note that this statistics component is optional to
 implementers.  If a CE tries to query the component while it is not
 implemented in an FE, an error code will be responded to the CE
 indicating the error type like 0x09 (E_COMPONENT_DOES_NOT_EXIST) or
 0x15 (E_NOT_SUPPORTED), depending on the FE implementation.

5.1.2.3. Capabilities

 This LFB does not have a list of capabilities.

5.1.2.4. Events

 This LFB does not have any events specified.

5.1.3. EtherClassifier

 The EtherClassifier LFB abstracts the process to decapsulate Ethernet
 packets and then classify them.

5.1.3.1. Data Handling

 This LFB describes the process of decapsulating Ethernet packets and
 classifying them into various network-layer data packets according to
 information included in the Ethernet packets headers.
 The LFB is expected to receive all types of Ethernet packets (via a
 singleton input known as "EtherPktsIn"), which are usually output
 from an upstream LFB like EtherMACIn LFB.  This input is also capable
 of multiplexing to allow for multiple upstream LFBs to be connected.
 For instance, when an L2 bridging function is enabled in the
 EtherMACIn LFB, some L2 bridging LFBs may be applied.  In this case,
 after L2 processing, some Ethernet packets may have to be input to
 the EtherClassifier LFB for classification, while simultaneously,

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 46] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 packets directly output from EtherMACIn may also need to input to
 this LFB.  This input is capable of handling such a case.  Usually,
 all expected Ethernet packets will be associated with a PHYPortID
 metadata, indicating the physical port from which the packet comes.
 In some cases, for instance, in a MACinMAC case, a LogicalPortID
 metadata may be expected to associate with the Ethernet packet to
 further indicate the logical port to which the Ethernet packet
 belongs.  Note that PHYPortID metadata is always expected while
 LogicalPortID metadata is optionally expected.
 Two output LFB ports are defined.
 The first output is a group output port known as "ClassifyOut".
 Types of network-layer protocol packets are output to instances of
 the port group.  Because there may be various types of protocol
 packets at the output ports, the produced output frame is defined as
 arbitrary for the purpose of wide extensibility in the future.
 Metadata to be carried along with the packet data is produced at this
 LFB for consumption by downstream LFBs.  The metadata passed
 downstream includes PHYPortID, as well as information on Ethernet
 type, source MAC address, destination MAC address, and the logical
 port ID.  If the original packet is a VLAN packet and contains a VLAN
 ID and a VLAN priority value, then the VLAN ID and the VLAN priority
 value are also carried downstream as metadata.  As a result, the VLAN
 ID and priority metadata are defined with the availability of
 "conditional".
 The second output is a singleton output port known as "ExceptionOut",
 which will output packets for which the data processing failed, along
 with an additional ExceptionID metadata to indicate what caused the
 exception.  Currently defined exception types include:
 o  There is no matching when classifying the packet.
 Usually, the ExceptionOut port may point to nowhere, indicating
 packets with exceptions are dropped, while in some cases, the output
 may be pointed to the path to the CE for further processing,
 depending on individual implementations.

5.1.3.2. Components

 An EtherDispatchTable array component is defined in the LFB to
 dispatch every Ethernet packet to the output group according to the
 logical port ID assigned by the VlanInputTable to the packet and the
 Ethernet type in the Ethernet packet header.  Each row of the array
 is a struct containing a logical port ID, an EtherType and an output
 index.  With the CE configuring the dispatch table, the LFB can be
 expected to classify various network-layer protocol type packets and

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 47] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 output them at different output ports.  It is expected that the LFB
 classify packets according to protocols like IPv4, IPv6, MPLS,
 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), Neighbor Discovery (ND), etc.
 A VlanInputTable array component is defined in the LFB to classify
 VLAN Ethernet packets.  Each row of the array is a struct containing
 an incoming port ID, a VLAN ID, and a logical port ID.  According to
 IEEE VLAN specifications, all Ethernet packets can be recognized as
 VLAN types by defining that if there is no VLAN encapsulation in a
 packet, a case with VLAN tag 0 is considered.  Every input packet is
 assigned with a new LogicalPortID according to the packet's incoming
 port ID and the VLAN ID.  A packet's incoming port ID is defined as a
 logical port ID if a logical port ID is associated with the packet or
 a physical port ID if no logical port ID is associated.  The VLAN ID
 is exactly the VLAN ID in the packet if it is a VLAN packet, or 0 if
 it is not.  Note that a logical port ID of a packet may be rewritten
 with a new one by the VlanInputTable processing.
 Note that the logical port ID and physical port ID mentioned above
 are all originally configured by the CE, and are globally effective
 within a ForCES NE (Network Element).  To distinguish a physical port
 ID from a logical port ID in the incoming port ID field of the
 VlanInputTable, physical port ID and logical port ID must be assigned
 with separate number spaces.
 An array component, EtherClassifyStats, defines a set of statistics
 for this LFB, measuring the number of packets per EtherType.  Each
 row of the array is a struct containing an EtherType and a packet
 number.  Note that this statistics component is optional to
 implementers.

5.1.3.3. Capabilities

 This LFB does not have a list of capabilities.

5.1.3.4. Events

 This LFB has no events specified.

5.1.4. EtherEncap

 The EtherEncap LFB abstracts the process to replace or attach
 appropriate Ethernet headers to the packet.

5.1.4.1. Data Handling

 This LFB abstracts the process of encapsulating Ethernet headers onto
 received packets.  The encapsulation is based on passed metadata.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 48] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 The LFB is expected to receive IPv4 and IPv6 packets (via a singleton
 input port known as "EncapIn"), which may be connected to an upstream
 LFB like IPv4NextHop, IPv6NextHop, BasicMetadataDispatch, or any LFB
 that requires output packets for Ethernet encapsulation.  The LFB
 always expects from upstream LFBs the MediaEncapInfoIndex metadata,
 which is used as a search key to look up the encapsulation table
 EncapTable by the search key matching the table index.  An input
 packet may also optionally receive a VLAN priority metadata,
 indicating that the packet originally had a priority value.  The
 priority value will be loaded back to the packet when encapsulating.
 The optional VLAN priority metadata is defined with a default value
 of 0.
 Two singleton output LFB ports are defined.
 The first singleton output is known as "SuccessOut".  Upon a
 successful table lookup, the destination and source MAC addresses and
 the logical media port (L2PortID) are found in the matching table
 entry.  The CE may set the VlanID in case VLANs are used.  By
 default, the table entry for VlanID of 0 is used as per IEEE rules
 [IEEE.802-1Q].  Whatever the value of VlanID, if the input metadata
 VlanPriority is non-zero, the packet will have a VLAN tag.  If the
 VlanPriority and the VlanID are all zero, there is no VLAN tag for
 this packet.  After replacing or attaching the appropriate Ethernet
 headers to the packet is complete, the packet is passed out on the
 "SuccessOut" LFB port to a downstream LFB instance along with the
 L2PortID.
 The second singleton output is known as "ExceptionOut" and will
 output packets for which the table lookup fails, along with an
 additional ExceptionID metadata.  Currently defined exception types
 only include the following cases:
 o  The MediaEncapInfoIndex value of the packet is invalid and can not
    be allocated in the EncapTable.
 o  The packet failed lookup of the EncapTable table even though the
    MediaEncapInfoIndex is valid.
 The upstream LFB may be programmed by the CE to pass along a
 MediaEncapInfoIndex that does not exist in the EncapTable.  This
 allows for resolution of the L2 headers, if needed, to be made at the
 L2 encapsulation level, in this case, Ethernet via ARP or ND (or
 other methods depending on the link-layer technology), when a table
 miss occurs.
 For neighbor L2 header resolution (table miss exception), the
 processing LFB may pass this packet to the CE via the redirect LFB or

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 49] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 FE software or another LFB instance for further resolution.  In such
 a case, the metadata NextHopIPv4Addr or NextHopIPv6Addr generated by
 the next-hop LFB is also passed to the exception handling.  Such an
 IP address could be used to do activities such as ARP or ND by the
 handler to which it is passed.
 The result of the L2 resolution is to update the EncapTable as well
 as the next-hop LFB so subsequent packets do not fail EncapTable
 lookup.  The EtherEncap LFB does not make any assumptions of how the
 EncapTable is updated by the CE (or whether ARP/ND is used
 dynamically or static maps exist).
 Downstream LFB instances could be either an EtherMACOut type or a
 BasicMetadataDispatch type.  If the final packet L2 processing is on
 a per-media-port basis, resides on a different FE, or needs L2 header
 resolution, then it makes sense for the model to use a
 BasicMetadataDispatch LFB to fan out to different LFB instances.  If
 there is a direct egress port point, then it makes sense for the
 model to have a downstream LFB instance be an EtherMACOut.

5.1.4.2. Components

 This LFB has only one component named EncapTable, which is defined as
 an array.  Each row of the array is a struct containing the
 destination MAC address, the source MAC address, the VLAN ID with a
 default value of zero, and the output logical L2 port ID.

5.1.4.3. Capabilities

 This LFB does not have a list of capabilities.

5.1.4.4. Events

 This LFB does not have any events specified.

5.1.5. EtherMACOut

 The EtherMACOut LFB abstracts an Ethernet port at the MAC data link
 layer.  This LFB describes Ethernet packet output process.  Ethernet
 output functions are closely related to Ethernet input functions;
 therefore, many components defined in this LFB are aliases of
 EtherMACIn LFB components.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 50] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

5.1.5.1. Data Handling

 The LFB is expected to receive all types of Ethernet packets (via a
 singleton input known as "EtherPktsIn"), which are usually output
 from an Ethernet encapsulation LFB along with a metadata indicating
 the ID of the physical port that the packet will go through.
 The LFB is defined with a singleton output port known as
 "EtherPktsOut".  All output packets are in Ethernet format, possibly
 with various Ethernet types, along with a metadata indicating the ID
 of the physical port that the packet is to go through.  This output
 links to a downstream LFB that is usually an Ethernet physical LFB
 like the EtherPHYCop LFB.
 This LFB can optionally participate in Ethernet flow control in
 cooperation with the EtherMACIn LFB.  This document does not go into
 the details of how this is implemented.  This document also does not
 describe how the buffers that induce the flow control messages behave
 -- it is assumed that such artifacts exist, but describing them is
 out of the scope of this document.
 Note that as a base definition, functions like multiple virtual MAC
 layers are not supported in this LFB version.  It may be supported in
 the future by defining a subclass or a new version of this LFB.

5.1.5.2. Components

 The AdminStatus component is defined for the CE to administratively
 manage the status of the LFB.  The CE may administratively start up
 or shut down the LFB by changing the value of AdminStatus.  The
 default value is set to 'Down'.  Note that this component is defined
 as an alias of the AdminStatus component in the EtherMACIn LFB.  This
 infers that an EtherMACOut LFB usually coexists with an EtherMACIn
 LFB, both of which share the same administrative status management by
 the CE.  Alias properties, as defined in the ForCES FE model
 [RFC5812], will be used by the CE to declare the target component to
 which the alias refers, which includes the target LFB class and
 instance IDs as well as the path to the target component.
 The MTU component defines the maximum transmission unit.
 The optional TxFlowControl component defines whether or not the LFB
 is performing flow control on sending packets.  The default value is
 'false'.  Note that this component is defined as an alias of the
 TxFlowControl component in the EtherMACIn LFB.
 The optional RxFlowControl component defines whether or not the LFB
 is performing flow control on receiving packets.  The default value

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 51] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 is 'false'.  Note that this component is defined as an alias of the
 RxFlowControl component in the EtherMACIn LFB.
 A struct component, MACOutStats, defines a set of statistics for this
 LFB, including the number of transmitted packets and the number of
 dropped packets.  This statistics component is optional to
 implementers.

5.1.5.3. Capabilities

 This LFB does not have a list of capabilities.

5.1.5.4. Events

 This LFB does not have any events specified.

5.2. IP Packet Validation LFBs

 The LFBs are defined to abstract the IP packet validation process.
 An IPv4Validator LFB is specifically for IPv4 protocol validation,
 and an IPv6Validator LFB is specifically for IPv6.

5.2.1. IPv4Validator

 The IPv4Validator LFB performs IPv4 packet validation.

5.2.1.1. Data Handling

 This LFB performs IPv4 validation according to [RFC1812] and its
 updates.  The IPv4 packet will be output to the corresponding LFB
 port, indicating whether the packet is unicast or multicast or
 whether an exception has occurred or the validation failed.
 This LFB always expects, as input, packets that have been indicated
 as IPv4 packets by an upstream LFB, like an EtherClassifier LFB.
 There is no specific metadata expected by the input of the LFB.
 Four output LFB ports are defined.
 All validated IPv4 unicast packets will be output at the singleton
 port known as "IPv4UnicastOut".  All validated IPv4 multicast packets
 will be output at the singleton port known as "IPv4MulticastOut"
 port.
 A singleton port known as "ExceptionOut" is defined to output packets
 that have been validated as exception packets.  An exception ID
 metadata is produced to indicate what has caused the exception.  An
 exception case is the case when a packet needs further processing

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 52] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 before being normally forwarded.  Currently defined exception types
 include:
 o  Packet with expired TTL
 o  Packet with header length more than 5 words
 o  Packet IP head including router alert options
 o  Packet with exceptional source address
 o  Packet with exceptional destination address
 Note that although Time to Live (TTL) is checked in this LFB for
 validity, operations like TTL decrement are made by the downstream
 forwarding LFB.
 The final singleton port known as "FailOut" is defined for all
 packets that have errors and failed the validation process.  An error
 case is when a packet is unable to be further processed or forwarded
 without being dropped.  An error ID is associated with a packet to
 indicate the failure reason.  Currently defined failure reasons
 include:
 o  Packet with size reported less than 20 bytes
 o  Packet with version not IPv4
 o  Packet with header length less than 5 words
 o  Packet with total length field less than 20 bytes
 o  Packet with invalid checksum
 o  Packet with invalid source address
 o  Packet with invalid destination address

5.2.1.2. Components

 This LFB has only one struct component, the
 IPv4ValidatorStatisticsType, which defines a set of statistics for
 validation process, including the number of bad header packets, the
 number of bad total length packets, the number of bad TTL packets,
 and the number of bad checksum packets.  This statistics component is
 optional to implementers.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 53] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

5.2.1.3. Capabilities

 This LFB does not have a list of capabilities

5.2.1.4. Events

 This LFB does not have any events specified.

5.2.2. IPv6Validator

 The IPv6Validator LFB performs IPv6 packet validation.

5.2.2.1. Data Handling

 This LFB performs IPv6 validation according to [RFC2460] and its
 updates.  Then the IPv6 packet will be output to the corresponding
 port regarding of the validation result, indicating whether the
 packet is a unicast or a multicast one, an exception has occurred or
 the validation failed.
 This LFB always expects, as input, packets that have been indicated
 as IPv6 packets by an upstream LFB, like an EtherClassifier LFB.
 There is no specific metadata expected by the input of the LFB.
 Similar to the IPv4validator LFB, the IPv6Validator LFB has also
 defined four output ports to emit packets with various validation
 results.
 All validated IPv6 unicast packets will be output at the singleton
 port known as "IPv6UnicastOut".  All validated IPv6 multicast packets
 will be output at the singleton port known as "IPv6MulticastOut".
 There is no metadata produced at this LFB.
 A singleton port known as "ExceptionOut" is defined to output packets
 that have been validated as exception packets.  An exception case is
 when a packet needs further processing before being normally
 forwarded.  An exception ID metadata is produced to indicate what
 caused the exception.  Currently defined exception types include:
 o  Packet with hop limit to zero
 o  Packet with next header set to hop-by-hop
 o  Packet with exceptional source address
 o  Packet with exceptional destination address

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 54] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 The final singleton port known as "FailOut" is defined for all
 packets that have errors and failed the validation process.  An error
 case when a packet is unable to be further processed or forwarded
 without being dropped.  A validate error ID is associated to every
 failed packet to indicate the reason.  Currently defined reasons
 include:
 o  Packet with size reported less than 40 bytes
 o  Packet with version not IPv6
 o  Packet with invalid source address
 o  Packet with invalid destination address
 Note that in the base type library, definitions for exception ID and
 validate error ID metadata are applied to both IPv4Validator and
 IPv6Validator LFBs, i.e., the two LFBs share the same metadata
 definition, with different ID assignment inside.

5.2.2.2. Components

 This LFB has only one struct component, the
 IPv6ValidatorStatisticsType, which defines a set of statistics for
 the validation process, including the number of bad header packets,
 the number of bad total length packets, and the number of bad hop
 limit packets.  Note that this component is optional to implementers.

5.2.2.3. Capabilities

 This LFB does not have a list of capabilities.

5.2.2.4. Events

 This LFB does not have any events specified.

5.3. IP Forwarding LFBs

 IP Forwarding LFBs are specifically defined to abstract the IP
 forwarding processes.  As definitions for a base LFB library, this
 document restricts its LFB definition scope only to IP unicast
 forwarding.  IP multicast may be defined in future documents.
 The two fundamental tasks performed in IP unicast forwarding
 constitute looking up the forwarding information table to find next-
 hop information and then using the resulting next-hop details to
 forward packets out on specific physical output ports.  This document
 models the forwarding processes by abstracting out the described two

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 55] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 steps.  Whereas this document describes functional LFB models that
 are modular, there may be multiple ways to implement the abstracted
 models.  It is not intended or expected that the provided LFB models
 constrain implementations.
 Based on the IP forwarding abstraction, two kinds of typical IP
 unicast forwarding LFBs are defined: unicast LPM lookup LFB and next-
 hop application LFB.  They are further distinguished by IPv4 and IPv6
 protocols.

5.3.1. IPv4UcastLPM

 The IPv4UcastLPM LFB abstracts the IPv4 unicast Longest Prefix Match
 (LPM) process.
 This LFB also provides facilities to support users to implement
 equal-cost multipath (ECMP) routing or reverse path forwarding (RPF).
 However, this LFB itself does not provide ECMP or RPF.  To fully
 implement ECMP or RPF, additional specific LFBs, like a specific ECMP
 LFB or an RPF LFB, will have to be defined.

5.3.1.1. Data Handling

 This LFB performs the IPv4 unicast LPM table lookup.  It always
 expects as input IPv4 unicast packets from one singleton input known
 as "PktsIn".  Then, the LFB uses the destination IPv4 address of
 every packet as a search key to look up the IPv4 prefix table and
 generate a hop selector as the matching result.  The hop selector is
 passed as packet metadata to downstream LFBs and will usually be used
 there as a search index to find more next-hop information.
 Three singleton output LFB ports are defined.
 The first singleton output is known as "NormalOut" and outputs IPv4
 unicast packets that succeed the LPM lookup (and got a hop selector).
 The hop selector is associated with the packet as a metadata.
 Downstream from the LPM LFB is usually a next-hop application LFB,
 like an IPv4NextHop LFB.
 The second singleton output is known as "ECMPOut" and is defined to
 provide support for users wishing to implement ECMP.
 An ECMP flag is defined in the LPM table to enable the LFB to support
 ECMP.  When a table entry is created with the flag set to true, it
 indicates this table entry is for ECMP only.  A packet that has
 passed through this prefix lookup will always output from the
 "ECMPOut" output port, with the hop selector being its lookup result.
 The output will usually go directly to a downstream ECMP processing

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 56] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 LFB, where the hop selector can usually further generate optimized
 one or multiple next-hop routes by use of ECMP algorithms.
 A default route flag is defined in the LPM table to enable the LFB to
 support a default route as well as loose RPF.  When this flag is set
 to true, the table entry is identified as a default route, which also
 implies that the route is forbidden for RPF.  If a user wants to
 implement RPF on FE, a specific RPF LFB will have to be defined.  In
 such an RPF LFB, a component can be defined as an alias of the prefix
 table component of this LFB, as described below.
 The final singleton output is known as "ExceptionOut" of the
 IPv4UcastLPM LFB and is defined to output exception packets after the
 LFB processing, along with an ExceptionID metadata to indicate what
 caused the exception.  Currently defined exception types include:
 o  The packet failed the LPM lookup of the prefix table.
 The upstream LFB of this LFB is usually an IPv4Validator LFB.  If RPF
 is to be adopted, the upstream can be an RPF LFB, when defined.
 The downstream LFB is usually an IPv4NextHop LFB.  If ECMP is
 adopted, the downstream can be an ECMP LFB, when defined.

5.3.1.2. Components

 This LFB has two components.
 The IPv4PrefixTable component is defined as an array component of the
 LFB.  Each row of the array contains an IPv4 address, a prefix
 length, a hop selector, an ECMP flag and a default route flag.  The
 LFB uses the destination IPv4 address of every input packet as a
 search key to look up this table in order extract a next-hop
 selector.  The ECMP flag is for the LFB to support ECMP.  The default
 route flag is for the LFB to support a default route and for loose
 RPF.
 The IPv4UcastLPMStats component is a struct component that collects
 statistics information, including the total number of input packets
 received, the IPv4 packets forwarded by this LFB, and the number of
 IP datagrams discarded due to no route found.  Note that this
 component is defined as optional to implementers.

5.3.1.3. Capabilities

 This LFB does not have a list of capabilities.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 57] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

5.3.1.4. Events

 This LFB does not have any events specified.

5.3.2. IPv4NextHop

 This LFB abstracts the process of selecting IPv4 next-hop action.

5.3.2.1. Data Handling

 The LFB abstracts the process of next-hop information application to
 IPv4 packets.  It receives an IPv4 packet with an associated next-hop
 identifier (HopSelector) and uses the identifier as a table index to
 look up a next-hop table to find an appropriate LFB output port.
 The LFB is expected to receive unicast IPv4 packets, via a singleton
 input known as "PktsIn", along with a HopSelector metadata, which is
 used as a table index to look up the NextHop table.  The data
 processing involves the forwarding TTL decrement and IP checksum
 recalculation.
 Two output LFB ports are defined.
 The first output is a group output port known as "SuccessOut".  On
 successful data processing, the packet is sent out from an LFB port
 from within the LFB port group as selected by the
 LFBOutputSelectIndex value of the matched table entry.  The packet is
 sent to a downstream LFB along with the L3PortID and
 MediaEncapInfoIndex metadata.
 The second output is a singleton output port known as "ExceptionOut",
 which will output packets for which the data processing failed, along
 with an additional ExceptionID metadata to indicate what caused the
 exception.  Currently defined exception types include:
 o  The HopSelector for the packet is invalid.
 o  The packet failed lookup of the next-hop table even though the
    HopSelector is valid.
 o  The MTU for outgoing interface is less than the packet size.
 Downstream LFB instances could be either a BasicMetadataDispatch type
 (Section 5.5.1), used to fan out to different LFB instances or a
 media-encapsulation-related type, such as an EtherEncap type or a
 RedirectOut type (Section 5.4.2).  For example, if there are Ethernet
 and other tunnel encapsulation, then a BasicMetadataDispatch LFB can

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 58] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 use the L3PortID metadata (Section 5.3.2.2) to dispatch packets to a
 different encapsulator.

5.3.2.2. Components

 This LFB has only one component, IPv4NextHopTable, which is defined
 as an array.  The HopSelector received is used to match the array
 index of IPv4NextHopTable to find out a row of the table as the next-
 hop information result.  Each row of the array is a struct
 containing:
 o  The L3PortID, which is the ID of the logical output port that is
    passed on to the downstream LFB instance.  This ID indicates what
    kind of encapsulating port the neighbor is to use.  This is L3-
    derived information that affects L2 processing and so needs to be
    based from one LFB to another as metadata.  Usually, this ID is
    used for the next-hop LFB to distinguish packets that need
    different L2 encapsulating.  For instance, some packets may
    require general Ethernet encapsulation while others may require
    various types of tunnel encapsulations.  In such a case, different
    L3PortIDs are assigned to the packets and are passed as metadata
    to a downstream LFB.  A BasicMetadataDispatch LFB (Section 5.5.1)
    may have to be applied as the downstream LFB so as to dispatch
    packets to different encapsulation LFB instances according to the
    L3PortIDs.
 o  MTU, the Maximum Transmission Unit for the outgoing port.
 o  NextHopIPAddr, the IPv4 next-hop address.
 o  MediaEncapInfoIndex, the index that passes on to the downstream
    encapsulation LFB instance and that is used there as a search key
    to look up a table (typically media-encapsulation-related) for
    further encapsulation information.  The search key looks up the
    table by matching the table index.  Note that the encapsulation
    LFB instance that uses this metadata may not be the LFB instance
    that immediately follows this LFB instance in the processing.  The
    MediaEncapInfoIndex metadata is attached here and is passed
    through intermediate LFBs until it is used by the encapsulation
    LFB instance.  In some cases, depending on implementation, the CE
    may set the MediaEncapInfoIndex passed downstream to a value that
    will fail lookup when it gets to a target encapsulation LFB; such
    a lookup failure at that point is an indication that further
    resolution is needed.  For an example of this approach, refer to
    Section 7.2, which discusses ARP and mentions this approach.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 59] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 o  LFBOutputSelectIndex, the LFB group output port index to select
    the downstream LFB port.  This value identifies the specific port
    within the SuccessOut port group out of which packets that
    successfully use this next-hop entry are to be sent.

5.3.2.3. Capabilities

 This LFB does not have a list of capabilities.

5.3.2.4. Events

 This LFB does not have any events specified.

5.3.3. IPv6UcastLPM

 The IPv6UcastLPM LFB abstracts the IPv6 unicast Longest Prefix Match
 (LPM) process.  The definition of this LFB is similar to the
 IPv4UcastLPM LFB except that all IP addresses refer to IPv6
 addresses.
 This LFB also provides facilities to support users to implement
 equal-cost multipath (ECMP) routing or reverse path forwarding (RPF).
 However, this LFB itself does not provide ECMP or RPF.  To fully
 implement ECMP or RPF, additional specific LFBs, like a specific ECMP
 LFB or an RPF LFB, will have to be defined.  This work may be done in
 future versions of this document.

5.3.3.1. Data Handling

 This LFB performs the IPv6 unicast LPM table lookup.  It always
 expects as input IPv6 unicast packets from one singleton input known
 as "PktsIn".  The destination IPv6 address of an incoming packet is
 used as a search key to look up the IPv6 prefix table and generate a
 hop selector.  This hop selector result is associated to the packet
 as a metadata and sent to downstream LFBs; it will usually be used in
 downstream LFBs as a search key to find more next-hop information.
 Three singleton output LFB ports are defined.
 The first singleton output is known as "NormalOut" and outputs IPv6
 unicast packets that succeed the LPM lookup (and got a hop selector).
 The hop selector is associated with the packet as a metadata.
 Downstream from the LPM LFB is usually a next-hop application LFB,
 like an IPv6NextHop LFB.
 The second singleton output is known as "ECMPOut" and is defined to
 provide support for users wishing to implement ECMP.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 60] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 An ECMP flag is defined in the LPM table to enable the LFB to support
 ECMP.  When a table entry is created with the flag set to true, it
 indicates this table entry is for ECMP only.  A packet that has
 passed through this prefix lookup will always output from the
 "ECMPOut" output port, with the hop selector being its lookup result.
 The output will usually go directly to a downstream ECMP processing
 LFB, where the hop selector can usually further generate optimized
 one or multiple next-hop routes by use of ECMP algorithms.
 A default route flag is defined in the LPM table to enable the LFB to
 support a default route as well as loose RPF.  When this flag is set
 to true, the table entry is identified as a default route, which also
 implies that the route is forbidden for RPF.
 If a user wants to implement RPF on FE, a specific RPF LFB will have
 to be defined.  In such an RPF LFB, a component can be defined as an
 alias of the prefix table component of this LFB, as described below.
 The final singleton output is known as "ExceptionOut" of the
 IPv6UcastLPM LFB and is defined to output exception packets after the
 LFB processing, along with an ExceptionID metadata to indicate what
 caused the exception.  Currently defined exception types include:
 o  The packet failed the LPM lookup of the prefix table.
 The upstream LFB of this LFB is usually an IPv6Validator LFB.  If RPF
 is to be adopted, the upstream can be an RPF LFB, when defined.
 The downstream LFB is usually an IPv6NextHop LFB.  If ECMP is
 adopted, the downstream can be an ECMP LFB, when defined.

5.3.3.2. Components

 This LFB has two components.
 The IPv6PrefixTable component is defined as an array component of the
 LFB.  Each row of the array contains an IPv6 address, a prefix
 length, a hop selector, an ECMP flag, and a default route flag.  The
 ECMP flag is so the LFB can support ECMP.  The default route flag is
 for the LFB to support a default route and for loose RPF, as
 described earlier.
 The IPv6UcastLPMStats component is a struct component that collects
 statistics information, including the total number of input packets
 received, the IPv6 packets forwarded by this LFB and the number of IP
 datagrams discarded due to no route found.  Note that the component
 is defined as optional to implementers.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 61] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

5.3.3.3. Capabilities

 This LFB does not have a list of capabilities.

5.3.3.4. Events

 This LFB does not have any events specified.

5.3.4. IPv6NextHop

 This LFB abstracts the process of selecting IPv6 next-hop action.

5.3.4.1. Data Handling

 The LFB abstracts the process of next-hop information application to
 IPv6 packets.  It receives an IPv6 packet with an associated next-hop
 identifier (HopSelector) and uses the identifier to look up a next-
 hop table to find an appropriate output port from the LFB.
 The LFB is expected to receive unicast IPv6 packets, via a singleton
 input known as "PktsIn", along with a HopSelector metadata, which is
 used as a table index to look up the next-hop table.
 Two output LFB ports are defined.
 The first output is a group output port known as "SuccessOut".  On
 successful data processing, the packet is sent out from an LFB port
 from within the LFB port group as selected by the
 LFBOutputSelectIndex value of the matched table entry.  The packet is
 sent to a downstream LFB along with the L3PortID and
 MediaEncapInfoIndex metadata.
 The second output is a singleton output port known as "ExceptionOut",
 which will output packets for which the data processing failed, along
 with an additional ExceptionID metadata to indicate what caused the
 exception.  Currently defined exception types include:
 o  The HopSelector for the packet is invalid.
 o  The packet failed lookup of the next-hop table even though the
    HopSelector is valid.
 o  The MTU for outgoing interface is less than the packet size.
 Downstream LFB instances could be either a BasicMetadataDispatch
 type, used to fan out to different LFB instances, or a media
 encapsulation related type, such as an EtherEncap type or a
 RedirectOut type.  For example, when the downstream LFB is

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 62] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 BasicMetadataDispatch and Ethernet and other tunnel encapsulation
 exist downstream from BasicMetadataDispatch, then the
 BasicMetadataDispatch LFB can use the L3PortID metadata (see section
 below) to dispatch packets to the different encapsulator LFBs.

5.3.4.2. Components

 This LFB has only one component named IPv6NextHopTable, which is
 defined as an array.  The array index of IPv6NextHopTable is used for
 a HopSelector to find out a row of the table as the next-hop
 information.  Each row of the array is a struct containing:
 o  The L3PortID, which is the ID of the logical output port that is
    passed onto the downstream LFB instance.  This ID indicates what
    kind of encapsulating port the neighbor is to use.  This is L3-
    derived information that affects L2 processing and so needs to be
    based from one LFB to another as metadata.  Usually, this ID is
    used for the next-hop LFB to distinguish packets that need
    different L2 encapsulating.  For instance, some packets may
    require general Ethernet encapsulation while others may require
    various types of tunnel encapsulations.  In such a case, different
    L3PortIDs are assigned to the packets and are passed as metadata
    to a downstream LFB.  A BasicMetadataDispatch LFB (Section 5.5.1)
    may have to be applied as the downstream LFB so as to dispatch
    packets to different encapsulation LFB instances according to the
    L3PortIDs.
 o  MTU, the Maximum Transmission Unit for the outgoing port.
 o  NextHopIPAddr, the IPv6 next-hop address.
 o  MediaEncapInfoIndex, the index that is passed on to the downstream
    encapsulation LFB instance and that is used there as a search key
    to look up a table (typically media-encapsulation-related) for
    further encapsulation information.  The search key looks up the
    table by matching the table index.  Note that the encapsulation
    LFB instance that uses this metadata may not be the LFB instance
    that immediately follows this LFB instance in the processing.  The
    MediaEncapInfoIndex metadata is attached here and is passed
    through intermediate LFBs until it is used by the encapsulation
    LFB instance.  In some cases, depending on implementation, the CE
    may set the MediaEncapInfoIndex passed downstream to a value that
    will fail lookup when it gets to a target encapsulation LFB; such
    a lookup failure at that point is an indication that further
    resolution is needed.  For an example of this approach, refer to
    Section 7.2, which discusses ARP and mentions this approach.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 63] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 o  LFBOutputSelectIndex, the LFB group output port index to select
    the downstream LFB port.  This value identifies the specific port
    within the SuccessOut port group out of which packets that
    successfully use this next-hop entry are to be sent.

5.3.4.3. Capabilities

 This LFB does not have a list of capabilities.

5.3.4.4. Events

 This LFB does not have any events specified.

5.4. Redirect LFBs

 Redirect LFBs abstract the data packet transportation process between
 the CE and FE.  Some packets output from some LFBs may have to be
 delivered to the CE for further processing, and some packets
 generated by the CE may have to be delivered to the FE and further to
 some specific LFBs for data path processing.  According to [RFC5810],
 data packets and their associated metadata are encapsulated in a
 ForCES redirect message for transportation between CE and FE.  We
 define two LFBs to abstract the process: a RedirectIn LFB and a
 RedirectOut LFB.  Usually, in an LFB topology of an FE, only one
 RedirectIn LFB instance and one RedirectOut LFB instance exist.

5.4.1. RedirectIn

 The RedirectIn LFB abstracts the process for the CE to inject data
 packets into the FE data path.

5.4.1.1. Data Handling

 A RedirectIn LFB abstracts the process for the CE to inject data
 packets into the FE LFB topology so as to input data packets into FE
 data paths.  From the LFB topology's point of view, the RedirectIn
 LFB acts as a source point for data packets coming from the CE;
 therefore, the RedirectIn LFB is defined with a single output LFB
 port (and no input LFB port).
 The single output port of RedirectIn LFB is defined as a group output
 type with the name of "PktsOut".  Packets produced by this output
 will have arbitrary frame types decided by the CE that generated the
 packets.  Possible frames may include IPv4, IPv6, or ARP protocol
 packets.  The CE may associate some metadata to indicate the frame
 types and may also associate other metadata to indicate various
 information on the packets.  Among them, there MUST exist a
 RedirectIndex metadata, which is an integer acting as an index.  When

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 64] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 the CE transmits the metadata along with the packet to a RedirectIn
 LFB, the LFB will read the RedirectIndex metadata and output the
 packet to one of its group output port instances, whose port index is
 indicated by this metadata.  Any other metadata, in addition to
 RedirectIndex, will be passed untouched along the packet delivered by
 the CE to the downstream LFB.  This means the RedirectIndex metadata
 from CE will be "consumed" by the RedirectIn LFB and will not be
 passed to downstream LFB.  Note that a packet from the CE without a
 RedirectIndex metadata associated will be dropped by the LFB.  Note
 that all metadata visible to the LFB need to be global and IANA
 controlled.  See Section 8 ("IANA Considerations") of this document
 for more details about a metadata ID space that can be used by
 vendors and is "Reserved for Private Use".

5.4.1.2. Components

 An optional statistics component is defined to collect the number of
 packets received by the LFB from the CE.  There are no other
 components defined for the current version of the LFB.

5.4.1.3. Capabilities

 This LFB does not have a list of capabilities.

5.4.1.4. Events

 This LFB does not have any events specified.

5.4.2. RedirectOut

 RedirectOut LFB abstracts the process for LFBs in the FE to deliver
 data packets to the CE.

5.4.2.1. Data Handling

 A RedirectOut LFB abstracts the process for LFBs in the FE to deliver
 data packets to the CE.  From the LFB topology's point of view, the
 RedirectOut LFB acts as a sink point for data packets going to the
 CE; therefore, the RedirectOut LFB is defined with a single input LFB
 port (and no output LFB port).
 The RedirectOut LFB has only one singleton input, known as "PktsIn",
 but is capable of receiving packets from multiple LFBs by
 multiplexing this input.  The input expects any kind of frame type;
 therefore, the frame type has been specified as arbitrary, and also
 all types of metadata are expected.  All associated metadata produced
 (but not consumed) by previous processed LFBs should be delivered to
 the CE via the ForCES protocol redirect message [RFC5810].  The CE

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 65] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 can decide how to process the redirected packet by referencing the
 associated metadata.  As an example, a packet could be redirected by
 the FE to the CE because the EtherEncap LFB is not able to resolve L2
 information.  The metadata "ExceptionID" created by the EtherEncap
 LFB is passed along with the packet and should be sufficient for the
 CE to do the necessary processing and resolve the L2 entry required.
 Note that all metadata visible to the LFB need to be global and IANA
 controlled.  See Section 8 ("IANA Considerations") of this document
 for more details about a metadata ID space that can be used by
 vendors and is "Reserved for Private Use".

5.4.2.2. Components

 An optional statistics component is defined to collect the number of
 packets sent by the LFB to the CE.  There are no other components
 defined for the current version of the LFB.

5.4.2.3. Capabilities

 This LFB does not have a list of capabilities.

5.4.2.4. Events

 This LFB does not have any events specified.

5.5. General Purpose LFBs

5.5.1. BasicMetadataDispatch

 The BasicMetadataDispatch LFB is defined to abstract the process in
 which a packet is dispatched to some output path based on its
 associated metadata value.

5.5.1.1. Data Handling

 The BasicMetadataDispatch LFB has only one singleton input known as
 "PktsIn".  Every input packet should be associated with a metadata
 that will be used by the LFB to do the dispatch.  This LFB contains a
 metadata ID and a dispatch table named MetadataDispatchTable, all
 configured by the CE.  The metadata ID specifies which metadata is to
 be used for dispatching packets.  The MetadataDispatchTable contains
 entries of a metadata value and an OutputIndex, specifying that the
 packet with the metadata value must go out from the LFB group output
 port instance with the OutputIndex.
 Two output LFB ports are defined.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 66] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 The first output is a group output port known as "PktsOut".  A packet
 with its associated metadata having found an OutputIndex by
 successfully looking up the dispatch table will be output to the
 group port instance with the corresponding index.
 The second output is a singleton output port known as "ExceptionOut",
 which will output packets for which the data processing failed, along
 with an additional ExceptionID metadata to indicate what caused the
 exception.  Currently defined exception types only include one case:
 o  There is no matching when looking up the metadata dispatch table.
 As an example, if the CE decides to dispatch packets according to a
 physical port ID (PHYPortID), the CE may set the ID of PHYPortID
 metadata to the LFB first.  Moreover, the CE also sets the PHYPortID
 actual values (the metadata values) and assigned OutputIndex for the
 values to the dispatch table in the LFB.  When a packet arrives, a
 PHYPortID metadata is found associated with the packet, and the
 metadata value is further used as a key to look up the dispatch table
 to find out an output port instance for the packet.
 Currently, the BasicMetadataDispatch LFB only allows the metadata
 value of the dispatch table entry to be a 32-bit integer.  A metadata
 with other value types is not supported in this version.  A more
 complex metadata dispatch LFB may be defined in future versions of
 the library.  In that LFB, multiple tuples of metadata with more
 value types supported may be used to dispatch packets.

5.5.1.2. Components

 This LFB has two components.  One component is MetadataID and the
 other is MetadataDispatchTable.  Each row entry of the dispatch table
 is a struct containing the metadata value and the OutputIndex.  Note
 that currently, the metadata value is only allowed to be a 32-bit
 integer.  The metadata value is also defined as a content key for the
 table.  The concept of content key is a searching key for tables,
 which is defined in the ForCES FE model [RFC5812].  With the content
 key, the CE can manipulate the table by means of a specific metadata
 value rather than by the table index only.  See the ForCES FE model
 [RFC5812] and also the ForCES protocol [RFC5810] for more details on
 the definition and use of a content key.

5.5.1.3. Capabilities

 This LFB does not have a list of capabilities.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 67] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

5.5.1.4. Events

 This LFB does not have any events specified.

5.5.2. GenericScheduler

 This is a preliminary generic scheduler LFB for abstracting a simple
 scheduling process.

5.5.2.1. Data Handling

 There exist various kinds of scheduling strategies with various
 implementations.  As a base LFB library, this document only defines a
 preliminary generic scheduler LFB for abstracting a simple scheduling
 process.  Users may use this LFB as a basic LFB to further construct
 more complex scheduler LFBs by means of "inheritance", as described
 in [RFC5812].
 Packets of any arbitrary frame type are received via a group input
 known as "PktsIn" with no additional metadata expected.  This group
 input is capable of multiple input port instances.  Each port
 instance may be connected to a different upstream LFB output.  Inside
 the LFB, it is abstracted that each input port instance is connected
 to a queue, and the queue is marked with a queue ID whose value is
 exactly the same as the index of corresponding group input port
 instance.  Scheduling disciplines are applied to all queues and also
 all packets in the queues.  The group input port property
 PortGroupLimits in ObjectLFB, as defined by the ForCES FE model
 [RFC5810], provides means for the CE to query the capability of total
 queue numbers the scheduler supports.  The CE can then decide how
 many queues it may use for a scheduling application.
 Scheduled packets are output from a singleton output port of the LFB
 knows as "PktsOut" with no corresponding metadata.
 More complex scheduler LFBs may be defined with more complex
 scheduling disciplines by succeeding this LFB.  For instance, a
 priority scheduler LFB may be defined by inheriting this LFB and
 defining a component to indicate priorities for all input queues.

5.5.2.2. Components

 The SchedulingDiscipline component is for the CE to specify a
 scheduling discipline to the LFB.  Currently defined scheduling
 disciplines only include Round Robin (RR) strategy.  The default
 scheduling discipline is thus RR.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 68] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 The QueueStats component is defined to allow the CE to query every
 queue status of the scheduler.  It is an array component, and each
 row of the array is a struct containing a queue ID.  Currently
 defined queue status includes the queue depth in packets and the
 queue depth in bytes.  Using the queue ID as the index, the CE can
 query every queue for its used length in unit of packets or bytes.
 Note that the QueueStats component is defined as optional to
 implementers.

5.5.2.3. Capabilities

 The following capability is currently defined for the
 GenericScheduler.
 o  The queue length limit providing the storage ability for every
    queue.

5.5.2.4. Events

 This LFB does not have any events specified.

6. XML for LFB Library

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <LFBLibrary xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:forces:lfbmodel:1.0"

   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   provides="BaseLFBLibrary">
 <load library="BaseTypeLibrary"/>
 <LFBClassDefs>
    <LFBClassDef LFBClassID="3">
       <name>EtherPHYCop</name>
       <synopsis>
         The EtherPHYCop LFB describes an Ethernet interface
         that limits the physical media to copper.
       </synopsis>
       <version>1.0</version>
       <inputPorts>
          <inputPort>
             <name>EtherPHYIn</name>
             <synopsis>
               The input port of the EtherPHYCop LFB.  It expects any
               type of Ethernet frame.
             </synopsis>
             <expectation>
                <frameExpected>
                   <ref>EthernetAll</ref>
                </frameExpected>
             </expectation>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 69] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

          </inputPort>
       </inputPorts>
       <outputPorts>
          <outputPort>
             <name>EtherPHYOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               The output port of the EtherPHYCop LFB.  The output
               packet has the same Ethernet frame type as the
               input packet, associated with a metadata indicating
               the ID of the physical port.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>EthernetAll</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>PHYPortID</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
       </outputPorts>
       <components>
          <component componentID="1" access="read-only">
             <name>PHYPortID</name>
             <synopsis>
               The identification of the physical port
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2" access="read-write">
             <name>AdminStatus</name>
             <synopsis>
               The port status administratively requested
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>PortStatusType</typeRef>
             <defaultValue>2</defaultValue>
          </component>
          <component componentID="3" access="read-only">
             <name>OperStatus</name>
             <synopsis>
               The port actual operational status
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>PortStatusType</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="4" access="read-write">
             <name>AdminLinkSpeed</name>
             <synopsis>
               The port link speed administratively requested

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 70] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>LANSpeedType</typeRef>
             <defaultValue>LAN_SPEED_AUTO</defaultValue>
          </component>
          <component componentID="5" access="read-only">
             <name>OperLinkSpeed</name>
             <synopsis>
               The port actual operational link speed
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>LANSpeedType</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="6" access="read-write">
             <name>AdminDuplexMode</name>
             <synopsis>
               The port duplex mode administratively requested
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>DuplexType</typeRef>
             <defaultValue>Auto</defaultValue>
          </component>
          <component componentID="7" access="read-only">
             <name>OperDuplexMode</name>
             <synopsis>
               The port actual operational duplex mode
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>DuplexType</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="8" access="read-only">
             <name>CarrierStatus</name>
             <synopsis>The carrier status of the port </synopsis>
             <typeRef>boolean</typeRef>
             <defaultValue>false</defaultValue>
          </component>
       </components>
       <capabilities>
          <capability componentID="30">
             <name>SupportedLinkSpeed</name>
             <synopsis>
               A list of link speeds the port supports
             </synopsis>
             <array>
                <typeRef>LANSpeedType</typeRef>
             </array>
          </capability>
          <capability componentID="31">
             <name>SupportedDuplexMode</name>
             <synopsis>
               A list of duplex modes the port supports
             </synopsis>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 71] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

             <array>
                <typeRef>DuplexType</typeRef>
             </array>
          </capability>
       </capabilities>
       <events baseID="60">
          <event eventID="1">
             <name>PHYPortStatusChanged</name>
             <synopsis>
               An event reporting change on operational status of the
               physical port.
             </synopsis>
             <eventTarget>
                <eventField>OperStatus</eventField>
             </eventTarget>
             <eventChanged/>
             <eventReports>
                <eventReport>
                   <eventField>OperStatus</eventField>
                </eventReport>
             </eventReports>
          </event>
          <event eventID="2">
             <name>LinkSpeedChanged</name>
             <synopsis>
               An event reporting change on operational link speed
               of the physical port.
             </synopsis>
             <eventTarget>
                <eventField>OperLinkSpeed</eventField>
             </eventTarget>
             <eventChanged/>
             <eventReports>
                <eventReport>
                   <eventField>OperLinkSpeed</eventField>
                </eventReport>
             </eventReports>
          </event>
          <event eventID="3">
             <name>DuplexModeChanged</name>
             <synopsis>
               An event reporting change on operational duplex mode
               of the physical port.
             </synopsis>
             <eventTarget>
                <eventField>OperDuplexMode</eventField>
             </eventTarget>
             <eventChanged/>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 72] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

             <eventReports>
                <eventReport>
                   <eventField>OperDuplexMode</eventField>
                </eventReport>
             </eventReports>
          </event>
       </events>
    </LFBClassDef>
    <LFBClassDef LFBClassID="4">
       <name>EtherMACIn</name>
       <synopsis>
         EtherMACIn LFB describes an Ethernet port at MAC data link
         layer.  The LFB describes Ethernet processing functions
         of MAC address locality check, deciding if the Ethernet
         packets should be bridged, providing Ethernet-layer flow
         control, etc.
       </synopsis>
       <version>1.0</version>
       <inputPorts>
          <inputPort group="false">
             <name>EtherPktsIn</name>
             <synopsis>
               The input port of the EtherMACIn LFB.  It expects any
               type of Ethernet frame.
             </synopsis>
             <expectation>
                <frameExpected>
                   <ref>EthernetAll</ref>
                </frameExpected>
                <metadataExpected>
                   <ref>PHYPortID</ref>
                </metadataExpected>
             </expectation>
          </inputPort>
       </inputPorts>
       <outputPorts>
          <outputPort group="false">
             <name>NormalPathOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               An output port in the EtherMACIn LFB.  It outputs
               Ethernet packets to downstream LFBs for normal
               processing like Ethernet packet classification and
               other L3 IP-layer processing.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>EthernetAll</ref>
                </frameProduced>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 73] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>PHYPortID</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
          <outputPort>
             <name>L2BridgingPathOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               An output port in
               the EtherMACIn LFB.  It outputs Ethernet packets
               to downstream LFBs for layer 2 bridging processing.
               The port is switched on or off by the
               L2BridgingPathEnable flag in the LFB.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>EthernetAll</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>PHYPortID</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
       </outputPorts>
       <components>
          <component componentID="1" access="read-write">
             <name>AdminStatus</name>
             <synopsis>
                The LFB status administratively requested, which has
                the same data type with a port status.  Default is in
                'Down' status.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>PortStatusType</typeRef>
             <defaultValue>2</defaultValue>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2" access="read-write">
             <name>LocalMACAddresses</name>
             <synopsis>
               Local MAC address(es) of the Ethernet port the LFB
               represents.
             </synopsis>
             <array>
                <typeRef>IEEEMAC</typeRef>
             </array>
          </component>
          <component componentID="3" access="read-write">
             <name>L2BridgingPathEnable</name>
             <synopsis>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 74] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

               A flag indicating if the LFB L2 BridgingPath output
               port is enabled or not.  Default is not enabled.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>boolean</typeRef>
             <defaultValue>false</defaultValue>
          </component>
          <component componentID="4" access="read-write">
             <name>PromiscuousMode</name>
             <synopsis>
               A flag indicating whether the LFB is in promiscuous
               mode or not.  Default is not.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>boolean</typeRef>
             <defaultValue>false</defaultValue>
          </component>
          <component componentID="5" access="read-write">
             <name>TxFlowControl</name>
             <synopsis>
               A flag indicating whether transmit flow control is
               applied or not.  Default is not.
             </synopsis>
             <optional/>
             <typeRef>boolean</typeRef>
             <defaultValue>false</defaultValue>
          </component>
          <component componentID="6" access="read-write">
             <name>RxFlowControl</name>
             <synopsis>
               A flag indicating whether receive flow control is
               applied or not.  Default is not.
             </synopsis>
             <optional/>
             <typeRef>boolean</typeRef>
             <defaultValue>false</defaultValue>
          </component>
          <component componentID="7" access="read-reset">
             <name>MACInStats</name>
             <synopsis>
               The statistics of the EtherMACIn LFB
             </synopsis>
             <optional/>
             <typeRef>MACInStatsType</typeRef>
          </component>
       </components>
    </LFBClassDef>
    <LFBClassDef LFBClassID="5">
       <name>EtherClassifier</name>
       <synopsis>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 75] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

         EtherClassifier LFB describes the process to decapsulate
         Ethernet packets and then classify them into various
         network-layer packets according to information in the
         Ethernet headers.  It is expected the LFB classifies packets
         by packet types like IPv4, IPv6, MPLS, ARP, ND, etc.
       </synopsis>
       <version>1.0</version>
       <inputPorts>
          <inputPort>
             <name>EtherPktsIn</name>
             <synopsis>
               Input port of Ethernet packets.  PHYPortID metadata is
               always expected while LogicalPortID metadata is
               optionally expected to associate with every input
               Ethernet packet.
             </synopsis>
             <expectation>
                <frameExpected>
                   <ref>EthernetAll</ref>
                </frameExpected>
                <metadataExpected>
                   <ref>PHYPortID</ref>
                   <ref dependency="optional" defaultValue="0">
                LogicalPortID</ref>
                </metadataExpected>
             </expectation>
          </inputPort>
       </inputPorts>
       <outputPorts>
          <outputPort group="true">
             <name>ClassifyOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               A group port for output of Ethernet classifying
               results.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>Arbitrary</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>PHYPortID</ref>
                   <ref>SrcMAC</ref>
                   <ref>DstMAC</ref>
                   <ref>EtherType</ref>
                   <ref availability="conditional">VlanID</ref>
                   <ref availability="conditional">VlanPriority</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 76] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

          </outputPort>
          <outputPort group="false">
             <name>ExceptionOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               A singleton port for output of all Ethernet packets
               that fail the classifying process.  An ExceptionID
               metadata indicates the failure reason.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>Arbitrary</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>ExceptionID</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
       </outputPorts>
       <components>
          <component access="read-write" componentID="1">
             <name>EtherDispatchTable</name>
             <synopsis>
               An EtherDispatchTable array component that is defined
               in the LFB to dispatch every Ethernet packet to output
               ports according to logical port ID assigned by the
               VlanInputTable in the LFB and Ethernet type in the
               Ethernet packet header.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>EtherDispatchTableType</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component access="read-write" componentID="2">
             <name>VlanInputTable</name>
             <synopsis>
               A VlanInputTable array component that is defined in
               the LFB to classify VLAN Ethernet packets.  Every input
               packet is assigned with a new LogicalPortID according
               to the packet's incoming port ID and VLAN ID.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>VlanInputTableType</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component access="read-reset" componentID="3">
             <name>EtherClassifyStats</name>
             <synopsis>
               A table recording statistics on the Ethernet
               classifying process in the LFB.
             </synopsis>
             <optional/>
             <typeRef>EtherClassifyStatsTableType</typeRef>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 77] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

          </component>
       </components>
     </LFBClassDef>
    <LFBClassDef LFBClassID="6">
       <name>EtherEncap</name>
       <synopsis>
         The EtherEncap LFB abstracts the process of encapsulating
         Ethernet headers onto received packets.  The encapsulation
         is based on passed metadata.
       </synopsis>
       <version>1.0</version>
       <inputPorts>
          <inputPort group="false">
             <name>EncapIn</name>
             <synopsis>
               An input port receiving IPv4 and/or IPv6 packets for
               encapsulation.  A MediaEncapInfoIndex metadata is
               expected, and a VLAN priority metadata is optionally
               expected with every input packet.
             </synopsis>
             <expectation>
             <frameExpected>
                <ref>IPv4</ref>
                <ref>IPv6</ref>
             </frameExpected>
             <metadataExpected>
                <ref>MediaEncapInfoIndex</ref>
                <ref dependency="optional" defaultValue="0">
                VlanPriority</ref>
             </metadataExpected>
             </expectation>
          </inputPort>
       </inputPorts>
       <outputPorts>
          <outputPort group="false">
             <name>SuccessOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               An output port for packets that have found Ethernet
               L2 information and have been successfully encapsulated
               into an Ethernet packet.  An L2PortID metadata is
               produced for every output packet.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>IPv4</ref>
                   <ref>IPv6</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 78] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

                   <ref>L2PortID</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
          <outputPort group="false">
             <name>ExceptionOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               An output port for packets that fail encapsulation
               in the LFB.  An ExceptionID metadata indicates failure
               reason.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>IPv4</ref>
                   <ref>IPv6</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>ExceptionID</ref>
                   <ref>MediaEncapInfoIndex</ref>
                   <ref availability="conditional">VlanPriority</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
       </outputPorts>
       <components>
          <component componentID="1" access="read-write">
             <name>EncapTable</name>
             <synopsis>
               An array table for Ethernet encapsulation information
               lookup.  Each row of the array contains destination MAC
               address, source MAC address, VLAN ID, and output
               logical L2 port ID.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>EncapTableType</typeRef>
          </component>
       </components>
    </LFBClassDef>
    <LFBClassDef LFBClassID="7">
       <name>EtherMACOut</name>
       <synopsis>
         EtherMACOut LFB abstracts an Ethernet port at MAC data link
         layer.  It specifically describes Ethernet packet process
         for output to physical port.  A downstream LFB is usually
         an Ethernet physical LFB like EtherPHYCop LFB.  Note that
         Ethernet output functions are closely related to Ethernet
         input functions; therefore, some components defined in this
         LFB are aliases of EtherMACIn LFB components.
       </synopsis>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 79] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

       <version>1.0</version>
       <inputPorts>
          <inputPort group="false">
             <name>EtherPktsIn</name>
             <synopsis>
               The input port of the EtherMACOut LFB.  It expects
               any type of Ethernet frame.
             </synopsis>
             <expectation>
                <frameExpected>
                   <ref>EthernetAll</ref>
                </frameExpected>
                <metadataExpected>
                   <ref>PHYPortID</ref>
                </metadataExpected>
             </expectation>
          </inputPort>
       </inputPorts>
       <outputPorts>
          <outputPort group="false">
             <name>EtherPktsOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               A port to output all Ethernet packets, each with a
               metadata indicating the ID of the physical port
               that the packet is to go through.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>EthernetAll</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>PHYPortID</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
       </outputPorts>
       <components>
          <component componentID="1" access="read-write">
             <name>AdminStatus</name>
             <synopsis>
               The LFB status administratively requested, which has
               the same data type with a port status.  The
               component is defined as an alias of AdminStatus
               component in EtherMACIn LFB.
             </synopsis>
             <alias>PortStatusType</alias>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2" access="read-write">

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 80] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

             <name>MTU</name>
             <synopsis>Maximum transmission unit (MTU) </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="3" access="read-write">
             <name>TxFlowControl</name>
             <synopsis>
               A flag indicating whether transmit flow control is
               applied, defined as an alias of TxFlowControl
               component in EtherMACIn LFB.
             </synopsis>
             <optional/>
             <alias>boolean</alias>
          </component>
          <component componentID="4" access="read-write">
             <name>RxFlowControl</name>
             <synopsis>
               A flag indicating whether receive flow control is
               applied, defined as an alias of RxFlowControl
               component in EtherMACIn LFB.
             </synopsis>
             <optional/>
             <alias>boolean</alias>
          </component>
          <component componentID="5" access="read-reset">
             <name>MACOutStats</name>
             <synopsis>
               The statistics of the EtherMACOut LFB
             </synopsis>
             <optional/>
             <typeRef>MACOutStatsType</typeRef>
          </component>
       </components>
    </LFBClassDef>
    <LFBClassDef LFBClassID="8">
       <name>IPv4Validator</name>
       <synopsis>
        This LFB performs IPv4 validation according to RFC 1812 and
        its updates.  The IPv4 packet will be output to the
        corresponding LFB port, indicating whether the packet is
        unicast or multicast or whether an exception has occurred
        or the validation failed.
       </synopsis>
       <version>1.0</version>
       <inputPorts>
          <inputPort>
             <name>ValidatePktsIn</name>
             <synopsis>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 81] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

               Input port for data packets to be validated
             </synopsis>
             <expectation>
                <frameExpected>
                   <ref>Arbitrary</ref>
                </frameExpected>
             </expectation>
          </inputPort>
       </inputPorts>
       <outputPorts>
          <outputPort>
             <name>IPv4UnicastOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               Output port for validated IPv4 unicast packets
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>IPv4Unicast</ref>
                </frameProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
          <outputPort>
             <name>IPv4MulticastOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               Output port for validated IPv4 multicast packets
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>IPv4Multicast</ref>
                </frameProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
          <outputPort>
             <name>ExceptionOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               Output port for all packets with exceptional cases
               when validating.  An ExceptionID metadata indicates
               the exception case type.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>IPv4</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>ExceptionID</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 82] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

          <outputPort>
             <name>FailOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               Output port for packets that failed validating
               process.  A ValidateErrorID metadata indicates the
               error type or failure reason.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>IPv4</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>ValidateErrorID</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
       </outputPorts>
       <components>
          <component access="read-write" componentID="1">
             <name>IPv4ValidatorStats</name>
             <synopsis>
               The statistics information for validating process in
               the LFB.
             </synopsis>
             <optional/>
             <typeRef>IPv4ValidatorStatsType</typeRef>
          </component>
       </components>
     </LFBClassDef>
    <LFBClassDef LFBClassID="9">
       <name>IPv6Validator</name>
       <synopsis>
         This LFB performs IPv6 validation according to RFC 2460 and
         its updates.  Then, the IPv6 packet will be output to the
         corresponding port, indicating whether the packet is
         unicast or multicast or whether an exception has occurred
         or the validation failed.
       </synopsis>
       <version>1.0</version>
       <inputPorts>
          <inputPort>
             <name>ValidatePktsIn</name>
             <synopsis>
               Input port for data packets to be validated
             </synopsis>
             <expectation>
                <frameExpected>
                   <ref>Arbitrary</ref>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 83] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

                </frameExpected>
             </expectation>
          </inputPort>
       </inputPorts>
       <outputPorts>
          <outputPort>
             <name>IPv6UnicastOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               Output port for validated IPv6 unicast packets
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>IPv6Unicast</ref>
                </frameProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
          <outputPort>
             <name>IPv6MulticastOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               Output port for validated IPv6 multicast packets
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>IPv6Multicast</ref>
                </frameProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
          <outputPort>
             <name>ExceptionOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               Output port for packets with exceptional cases when
               validating.  An ExceptionID metadata indicates the
               exception case type.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>IPv6</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>ExceptionID</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
          <outputPort>
             <name>FailOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               Output port for packets failed validating process.
               A ValidateErrorID metadata indicates the error type

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 84] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

               or failure reason.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>IPv6</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>ValidateErrorID</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
       </outputPorts>
       <components>
          <component access="read-write" componentID="1">
             <name>IPv6ValidatorStats</name>
             <synopsis>
               The statistics information for validating process in
               the LFB.
             </synopsis>
             <optional/>
             <typeRef>IPv6ValidatorStatsType</typeRef>
          </component>
       </components>
     </LFBClassDef>
    <LFBClassDef LFBClassID="10">
       <name>IPv4UcastLPM</name>
       <synopsis>
         The IPv4UcastLPM LFB abstracts the IPv4 unicast Longest
         Prefix Match (LPM) process.  This LFB supports
         implementing equal-cost multipath (ECMP) routing and
         reverse path forwarding (RPF).
       </synopsis>
       <version>1.0</version>
       <inputPorts>
          <inputPort group="false">
             <name>PktsIn</name>
             <synopsis>
               A port for input of packets to be processed.
               IPv4 unicast packets are expected.
             </synopsis>
             <expectation>
             <frameExpected>
                <ref>IPv4Unicast</ref>
             </frameExpected>
             </expectation>
          </inputPort>
       </inputPorts>
       <outputPorts>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 85] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

          <outputPort group="false">
             <name>NormalOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               An output port to output IPv4 unicast packets that
               successfully passed the LPM lookup.  A HopSelector
               metadata is produced to associate every output packet
               for downstream LFB to do next-hop action.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>IPv4Unicast</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>HopSelector</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
          <outputPort group="false">
             <name>ECMPOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               The port to output packets needing further ECMP
               processing.  A downstream ECMP processing LFB is
               usually followed to the port.  If ECMP is not
               required, no downstream LFB may be connected to
               the port.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>IPv4Unicast</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>HopSelector</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
          <outputPort group="false">
             <name>ExceptionOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               The port to output all packets with exceptional cases
               happened during LPM process.  An ExceptionID metadata
               is associated to indicate what caused the exception.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>IPv4Unicast</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>ExceptionID</ref>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 86] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
       </outputPorts>
       <components>
          <component componentID="1" access="read-write">
             <name>IPv4PrefixTable</name>
             <synopsis>
               A table for IPv4 Longest Prefix Match(LPM).  The
               destination IPv4 address of every input packet is
               used as a search key to look up the table to find
               out a next-hop selector.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>IPv4PrefixTableType</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2" access="read-reset">
             <name>IPv4UcastLPMStats</name>
             <synopsis>
               The statistics information for the IPv4 unicast LPM
               process in the LFB.
             </synopsis>
             <optional/>
             <typeRef>IPv4UcastLPMStatsType</typeRef>
          </component>
       </components>
    </LFBClassDef>
    <LFBClassDef LFBClassID="11">
       <name>IPv6UcastLPM</name>
       <synopsis>
         The IPv6UcastLPM LFB abstracts the IPv6 unicast Longest
         Prefix Match (LPM) process.  This LFB supports
         implementing equal-cost multipath (ECMP) routing and
         reverse path forwarding (RPF).
       </synopsis>
       <version>1.0</version>
       <inputPorts>
          <inputPort group="false">
             <name>PktsIn</name>
             <synopsis>
               A port for input of packets to be processed.
               IPv6 unicast packets are expected.
             </synopsis>
             <expectation>
             <frameExpected>
                <ref>IPv6Unicast</ref>
             </frameExpected>
             </expectation>
          </inputPort>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 87] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

       </inputPorts>
       <outputPorts>
          <outputPort group="false">
             <name>NormalOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               An output port to output IPv6 unicast packets that
               successfully passed the LPM lookup.  A HopSelector
               metadata is produced to associate every output packet
               for downstream LFB to do next-hop action.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>IPv6Unicast</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>HopSelector</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
          <outputPort group="false">
             <name>ECMPOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               The port to output packets needing further ECMP
               processing.  A downstream ECMP processing LFB is
               usually followed to the port.  If ECMP is not
               required, no downstream LFB may be connected to
               the port.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>IPv6Unicast</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>HopSelector</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
          <outputPort group="false">
             <name>ExceptionOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               The port to output all packets with exceptional cases
               happened during LPM process.  An ExceptionID metadata
               is associated to indicate what caused the exception.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>IPv6Unicast</ref>
                </frameProduced>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 88] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>ExceptionID</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
       </outputPorts>
       <components>
          <component componentID="1" access="read-write">
             <name>IPv6PrefixTable</name>
             <synopsis>
               A table for IPv6 Longest Prefix Match (LPM).  The
               destination IPv6 address of every input packet is
               used as a search key to look up the table to find
               out a next-hop selector.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>IPv6PrefixTableType</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component componentID="2" access="read-reset">
             <name>IPv6UcastLPMStats</name>
             <synopsis>
              The statistics information for the IPv6 unicast LPM
              process in the LFB.
             </synopsis>
             <optional/>
             <typeRef>IPv6UcastLPMStatsType</typeRef>
          </component>
       </components>
    </LFBClassDef>
    <LFBClassDef LFBClassID="12">
       <name>IPv4NextHop</name>
       <synopsis>
         The IPv4NextHop LFB abstracts the process of next-hop
         information application to IPv4 packets.  It receives an
         IPv4 packet with an associated next-hop identifier
         (HopSelector) and uses the identifier as a table index
         to look up a next-hop table to find an appropriate output
         port.  The data processing also involves the forwarding
         TTL decrement and IP checksum recalculation.
       </synopsis>
       <version>1.0</version>
       <inputPorts>
          <inputPort group="false">
             <name>PktsIn</name>
             <synopsis>
               A port for input of unicast IPv4 packets, along with
               a HopSelector metadata.
             </synopsis>
             <expectation>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 89] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

             <frameExpected>
                <ref>IPv4Unicast</ref>
             </frameExpected>
             <metadataExpected>
                <ref>HopSelector</ref>
             </metadataExpected>
             </expectation>
          </inputPort>
       </inputPorts>
       <outputPorts>
          <outputPort group="true">
             <name>SuccessOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               The group port for output of packets that
               successfully found next-hop information.  Some
               metadata are associated with every packet.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>IPv4Unicast</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>L3PortID</ref>
                   <ref>NextHopIPv4Addr</ref>
                   <ref availability="conditional">
                   MediaEncapInfoIndex</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
          <outputPort group="false">
             <name>ExceptionOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               The output port for packets with exceptional or
               failure cases.  An ExceptionID metadata indicates
               what caused the case.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>IPv4Unicast</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>ExceptionID</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
       </outputPorts>
       <components>
          <component componentID="1">

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 90] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

             <name>IPv4NextHopTable</name>
             <synopsis>
               The IPv4NextHopTable component.  A
               HopSelector is used to match the table index
               to find out a row that contains the next-hop
               information result.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>IPv4NextHopTableType</typeRef>
          </component>
       </components>
    </LFBClassDef>
    <LFBClassDef LFBClassID="13">
       <name>IPv6NextHop</name>
       <synopsis>
         The LFB abstracts the process of next-hop information
         application to IPv6 packets.  It receives an IPv6 packet
         with an associated next-hop identifier (HopSelector) and
         uses the identifier as a table index to look up a next-hop
         table to find an appropriate output port.
       </synopsis>
       <version>1.0</version>
       <inputPorts>
          <inputPort group="false">
             <name>PktsIn</name>
             <synopsis>
               A port for input of unicast IPv6 packets, along with
               a HopSelector metadata.
              </synopsis>
             <expectation>
             <frameExpected>
                <ref>IPv6Unicast</ref>
             </frameExpected>
             <metadataExpected>
                <ref>HopSelector</ref>
             </metadataExpected>
             </expectation>
          </inputPort>
       </inputPorts>
       <outputPorts>
          <outputPort group="true">
             <name>SuccessOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               The group port for output of packets that successfully
               found next-hop information.  Some metadata are
               associated with every packet.
              </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 91] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

                   <ref>IPv6Unicast</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>L3PortID</ref>
                   <ref>NextHopIPv6Addr</ref>
                   <ref availability="conditional">
                   MediaEncapInfoIndex</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
          <outputPort group="false">
             <name>ExceptionOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               The output port for packets with exceptional or
               failure cases.  An ExceptionID metadata indicates
               what caused the case.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>IPv6Unicast</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>ExceptionID</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
       </outputPorts>
       <components>
          <component componentID="1">
             <name>IPv6NextHopTable</name>
             <synopsis>
               The IPv6NextHopTable component.  A HopSelector is
               used to match the table index to find out a row that
               contains the next-hop information result.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>IPv6NextHopTableType</typeRef>
          </component>
       </components>
    </LFBClassDef>
    <LFBClassDef LFBClassID="14">
       <name>RedirectIn</name>
       <synopsis>
         The RedirectIn LFB abstracts the process for the ForCES CE to
         inject data packets into the ForCES FE LFBs.
       </synopsis>
       <version>1.0</version>
       <outputPorts>
          <outputPort group="true">

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 92] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

             <name>PktsOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               The output port of RedirectIn LFB, which is defined as
               a group port type.  From the LFB topology's point of
               view, the RedirectIn LFB acts as a source point for
               data packets coming from CE; therefore, the LFB is
               defined with a singleton output port (and no input
               port).
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>Arbitrary</ref>
                </frameProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
       </outputPorts>
       <components>
          <component componentID="1">
             <name>NumPacketsReceived</name>
             <synopsis>
               Number of packets received from CE.
             </synopsis>
             <optional/>
             <typeRef>uint64</typeRef>
          </component>
       </components>
    </LFBClassDef>
    <LFBClassDef LFBClassID="15">
       <name>RedirectOut</name>
       <synopsis>
         The RedirectOut LFB abstracts the process for LFBs in a
         ForCES FE to deliver data packets to the ForCES CE.
       </synopsis>
       <version>1.0</version>
       <inputPorts>
          <inputPort group="false">
             <name>PktsIn</name>
             <synopsis>
               The input port for the RedirectOut LFB.  From the LFB
               topology's point of view, the RedirectOut LFB acts as
               a sink point for data packets going to the CE;
               therefore, RedirectOut LFB is defined with a
               singleton input port (and no output port).
             </synopsis>
             <expectation>
                <frameExpected>
                   <ref>Arbitrary</ref>
                </frameExpected>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 93] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

             </expectation>
          </inputPort>
       </inputPorts>
       <components>
          <component componentID="1">
             <name>NumPacketsSent</name>
             <synopsis>
               Number of packets sent to CE.
             </synopsis>
             <optional/>
             <typeRef>uint64</typeRef>
          </component>
       </components>
    </LFBClassDef>
    <LFBClassDef LFBClassID="16">
       <name>BasicMetadataDispatch</name>
       <synopsis>
         The BasicMetadataDispatch LFB is defined to abstract the
         process by which packets are dispatched to various output
         paths based on associated metadata value.  Current
         version of the LFB only allows the metadata value to be
         a 32-bit integer.
       </synopsis>
       <version>1.0</version>
       <inputPorts>
          <inputPort>
             <name>PktsIn</name>
             <synopsis>
               The packet input port for dispatching.  Every input
               packet should be associated with a metadata that will
               be used by the LFB to do the dispatch.
             </synopsis>
             <expectation>
                <frameExpected>
                   <ref>Arbitrary</ref>
                </frameExpected>
                <metadataExpected>
                   <ref>Arbitrary</ref>
                </metadataExpected>
             </expectation>
          </inputPort>
       </inputPorts>
       <outputPorts>
          <outputPort group="true">
             <name>PktsOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               The group output port that outputs dispatching
               results.  A packet with its associated metadata

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 94] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

               having found an OutputIndex by successfully looking
               up the dispatch table will be output to the group
               port instance with the corresponding index.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>Arbitrary</ref>
                </frameProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
          <outputPort group="false">
             <name>ExceptionOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               The output port that outputs packets that failed
               to process.  An ExceptionID metadata indicates what
               caused the exception.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>Arbitrary</ref>
                </frameProduced>
                <metadataProduced>
                   <ref>ExceptionID</ref>
                </metadataProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
       </outputPorts>
       <components>
          <component access="read-write" componentID="1">
             <name>MetadataID</name>
             <synopsis>
               The ID of the metadata to be
               used for dispatching packets.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </component>
          <component access="read-write" componentID="2">
             <name>MetadataDispatchTable</name>
             <synopsis>
               The MetadataDispatchTable component, which contains
               entries of a metadata value and an output index,
               specifying that a packet with the metadata value must
               go out from the instance with the output index of the
               LFB group output port.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>MetadataDispatchTableType</typeRef>
          </component>
       </components>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 95] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

     </LFBClassDef>
    <LFBClassDef LFBClassID="17">
       <name>GenericScheduler</name>
       <synopsis>
         This is a preliminary generic scheduler LFB abstracting
         a simple scheduling process, which may be used as a
         basic LFB to construct a more complex scheduler LFB.
       </synopsis>
       <version>1.0</version>
       <inputPorts>
          <inputPort group="true">
             <name>PktsIn</name>
             <synopsis>
               The group input port of the LFB.  Inside the LFB,
               each instance of the group port is connected to
               a queue marked with a queue ID, whose value is
               index of the port instance.
             </synopsis>
             <expectation>
                <frameExpected>
                   <ref>Arbitrary</ref>
                </frameExpected>
             </expectation>
          </inputPort>
       </inputPorts>
       <outputPorts>
          <outputPort>
             <name>PktsOut</name>
             <synopsis>
               The output port of the LFB.  Scheduled packets are
               output from the port.
             </synopsis>
             <product>
                <frameProduced>
                   <ref>Arbitrary</ref>
                </frameProduced>
             </product>
          </outputPort>
       </outputPorts>
       <components>
          <component access="read-write" componentID="1">
             <name>SchedulingDiscipline</name>
             <synopsis>
               The SchedulingDiscipline component, which is for the
               CE to specify a scheduling discipline to the LFB.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>SchdDisciplineType</typeRef>
             <defaultValue>1</defaultValue>

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 96] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

          </component>
          <component access="read-only" componentID="2">
             <name>QueueStats</name>
             <synopsis>
               The QueueStats component, which is defined to allow
               the CE to query every queue statistics in the
               scheduler.
             </synopsis>
             <optional/>
             <typeRef>QueueStatsTableType</typeRef>
          </component>
       </components>
       <capabilities>
          <capability componentID="30">
             <name>QueueLenLimit</name>
             <synopsis>
               The QueueLenLimit capability, which specifies
               maximum length of each queue.  The length unit is in
               bytes.
             </synopsis>
             <typeRef>uint32</typeRef>
          </capability>
       </capabilities>
     </LFBClassDef>
 </LFBClassDefs>

</LFBLibrary>

7. LFB Class Use Cases

 This section demonstrates examples on how the LFB classes defined by
 the base LFB library in Section 6 can be applied to achieve some
 typical router functions.  The functions demonstrated are:
 o  IPv4 forwarding
 o  ARP processing
 It is assumed the LFB topology on the FE described has already been
 established by the CE and maps to the use cases illustrated in this
 section.
 The use cases demonstrated in this section are mere examples and by
 no means should be treated as the only way one would construct router
 functionality from LFBs; based on the capability of the FE(s), a CE
 should be able to express different NE applications.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 97] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

7.1. IPv4 Forwarding

 Figure 2 shows the typical LFB processing path for an IPv4 unicast
 forwarding case with Ethernet media interfaces by use of the base LFB
 classes.  Note that in the figure, to focus on the IP forwarding
 function, some inputs or outputs of LFBs that are not related to the
 IPv4 forwarding function are not shown.  For example, an
 EtherClassifier LFB normally has two output ports: a "ClassifyOut"
 group output port and an "ExceptionOut" singleton output port, with
 the group port containing various port instances according to various
 classified packet types (Section 5.1.3).  In this figure, only the
 IPv4 and IPv6 packet output port instances are shown for displaying
 the mere IPv4 forwarding processing function.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 98] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 +-----+                +------+
 |     |                |      |
 |     |<---------------|Ether |<----------------------------+
 |     |                |MACOut|                             |
 |     |                |      |                             |
 |Ether|                +------+                             |
 |PHY  |                                                     |
 |Cop  |            +---+                                    |
 |#1   |  +-----+   |   |----->IPv6 Packets                  |
 |     |  |     |   |   |                                    |
 |     |  |Ether|   |   | IPv4 Packets                       |
 |     |->|MACIn|-->|   |-+  +----+                          |
 +-----+  |     |   |   | |  |    |---> Multicast Packets    |
          +-----+   +---+ |  |    |        +-----+  +---+    |
                    Ether +->|    |------->|     |  |   |    |
    .           Classifier|  |    |Unicast |IPv4 |  |   |    |
    .                     |  |    |Packets |Ucast|->|   |--+ |
    .                     |  +----+        |LPM  |  |   |  | |
                    +---+ |   IPv4         +-----+  +---+  | |
          +-----+   |   | |   Validator              IPv4  | |
          |     |   |   | |                         NextHop| |
 +-----+  |Ether|   |   |-+ IPv4 Packets                   | |
 |     |->|MACIn|-->|   |                                  | |
 |     |  |     |   |   |----->IPv6 Packets                | |
 |Ether|  +-----+   +---+                                  | |
 |PHY  |           Ether               +----+              | |
 |Cop  |           Classifier          |    |   +-------+  | |
 |#n   |                +------+       |    |   |Ether  |  | |
 |     |                |      |       |    |<--|Encap  |<-+ |
 |     |                |      |<------|    |   |       |    |
 |     |<---------------|Ether |    ...|    |   +-------+    |
 |     |                |MACOut|   +---|    |                |
 |     |                |      |   |   +----+                |
 +-----+                +------+   | BasicMetadataDispatch   |
                                   +----------->-------------+
              Figure 2:  LFB Use Case for IPv4 Forwarding
 In the LFB use case, a number of EtherPHYCop LFB (Section 5.1.1)
 instances are used to describe physical-layer functions of the ports.
 PHYPortID metadata is generated by the EtherPHYCop LFB and is used by
 all the subsequent downstream LFBs.  An EtherMACIn LFB
 (Section 5.1.2), which describes the MAC-layer processing, follows
 every EtherPHYCop LFB.  The EtherMACIn LFB may do a locality check of
 MAC addresses if the CE configures the appropriate EtherMACIn LFB
 component.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 99] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 Ethernet packets out of the EtherMACIn LFB are sent to an
 EtherClassifier LFB (Section 5.1.3) to be decapsulated and classified
 into network-layer types like IPv4, IPv6, ARP, etc.  In the example
 use case, every physical Ethernet interface is associated with one
 Classifier instance; although not illustrated, it is also feasible
 that all physical interfaces are associated with only one Ethernet
 Classifier instance.
 EtherClassifier uses the PHYPortID metadata, the Ethernet type of the
 input packet, and VlanID (if present in the input Ethernet packets)
 to decide the packet network-layer type and the LFB output port to
 the downstream LFB.  The EtherClassifier LFB also assigns a new
 logical port ID metadata to the packet for later use.  The
 EtherClassifier may also generate some new metadata for every packet,
 like EtherType, SrcMAC, DstMAC, LogicPortID, etc., for consumption by
 downstream LFBs.
 If a packet is classified as an IPv4 packet, it is sent downstream to
 an IPv4Validator LFB (Section 5.2.1) to validate the IPv4 packet.  In
 the validator LFB, IPv4 packets are validated and are additionally
 classified into either IPv4 unicast packets or multicast packets.
 IPv4 unicast packets are sent to downstream to the IPv4UcastLPM LFB
 (Section 5.3.1).
 The IPv4UcastLPM LFB is where the longest prefix match decision is
 made, and a next-hop selection is selected.  The next-hop ID metadata
 is generated by the IPv4UcastLPM LFB to be consumed downstream by the
 IPv4NextHop LFB (Section 5.3.2).
 The IPv4NextHop LFB uses the next-hop ID metadata to derive where the
 packet is to go next and the media encapsulation type for the port,
 etc.  The IPv4NextHop LFB generates the L3PortID metadata used to
 identify a next-hop output physical/logical port.  In the example use
 case, the next-hop output port is an Ethernet type; as a result, the
 packet and its L3 port ID metadata are sent downstream to an
 EtherEncap LFB (Section 5.1.4).
 The EtherEncap LFB encapsulates the incoming packet into an Ethernet
 frame.  A BasicMetadataDispatch LFB (Section 5.5.1) follows the
 EtherEncap LFB.  The BasicMetadataDispatch LFB is where packets are
 finally dispatched to different output physical/logical ports based
 on the L3PortID metadata sent to the LFB.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 100] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

7.2. ARP Processing

 Figure 3 shows the processing path for the Address Resolution
 Protocol (ARP) in the case the CE implements the ARP processing
 function.  By no means is this the only way ARP processing could be
 achieved; as an example, ARP processing could happen at the FE, but
 that discussion is out of the scope of this use case.
        +---+                             +---+
        |   | ARP packets                 |   |
        |   |-------------->---------+--->|   | To CE
  ...-->|   | .                      |    |   |
        |   | .                      |    +---+
        |   | .                      |   RedirectOut
        +---+                        ^
        Ether     EtherEncap         | IPv4 packets lack
      Classifier   +---+             | address resolution information
                   |   |             |
     Packets need  |   |--------->---+
      ...--------->|   |
   L2 Encapsulation|   |
        +---+      |   |                     +------+
        |   |  +-->|   |--+   +---+          |Ether |
        |   |  |   +---+  |   |   |--------->|MACOut|-->...
 From CE|   |--+          +-->|   | .        +------+
        |   |ARP Packets      |   | .
        |   |from CE          |   | .        +------+
        |   |                 |   |--------> |Ether |-->...
        +---+                 +---+          |MACOut|
     RedirectIn            BasicMetadata     +------+
                           Dispatch
                    Figure 3: LFB Use Case for ARP
 There are two ways ARP processing could be triggered in the CE as
 illustrated in Figure 3:
 o  ARP packets arriving from outside of the NE.
 o  IPV4 packets failing to resolve within the FE.
 ARP packets from network interfaces are filtered out by
 EtherClassifier LFB.  The classified ARP packets and associated
 metadata are then sent downstream to the RedirectOut LFB
 (Section 5.4.2) to be transported to CE.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 101] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 The EtherEncap LFB, as described in Section 5.1.4, receives packets
 that need Ethernet L2 encapsulating.  When the EtherEncap LFB fails
 to find the necessary L2 Ethernet information with which to
 encapsulate the packet, it outputs the packet to its ExceptionOut LFB
 port.  Downstream to EtherEncap LFB's ExceptionOut LFB port is the
 RedirectOut LFB, which transports the packet to the CE (see
 Section 5.1.4 on EtherEncap LFB for details).
 To achieve its goal, the CE needs to generate ARP request and
 response packets and send them to external (to the NE) networks.  ARP
 request and response packets from the CE are redirected to an FE via
 a RedirectIn LFB (Section 5.4.1).
 As was the case with forwarded IPv4 packets, outgoing ARP packets are
 also encapsulated to Ethernet format by the EtherEncap LFB, and then
 dispatched to different interfaces via a BasicMetadataDispatch LFB.
 The BasicMetadataDispatch LFB dispatches the packets according to the
 L3PortID metadata included in every ARP packet sent from CE.

8. IANA Considerations

 IANA has created a registry of ForCES LFB class names and the
 corresponding ForCES LFB class identifiers, with the location of the
 definition of the ForCES LFB class, in accordance with the rules to
 use the namespace.
 This document registers the unique class names and numeric class
 identifiers for the LFBs listed in Section 8.1.  Besides, this
 document defines the following namespaces:
 o  Metadata ID, defined in Sections 4.3 and 4.4
 o  Exception ID, defined in Section 4.4
 o  Validate Error ID, defined in Section 4.4

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 102] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

8.1. LFB Class Names and LFB Class Identifiers

 LFB classes defined by this document belong to LFBs defined by
 Standards Track RFCs.  According to IANA, the registration procedure
 is Standards Action for the range 0 to 65535 and First Come First
 Served with any publicly available specification for over 65535.
 The assignment of LFB class names and LFB class identifiers is as in
 the following table.
 +----------+--------------- +------------------------+--------------+
 |LFB Class | LFB Class Name |     Description        |  Reference   |
 |Identifier|                |                        |              |
 +----------+--------------- +------------------------+--------------+
 |    3     |  EtherPHYCop   | Define an Ethernet port|   RFC 6956,  |
 |          |                | abstracted at physical | Section 5.1.1|
 |          |                | layer.                 |              |
 |          |                |                        |              |
 |    4     |  EtherMACIn    | Define an Ethernet     |   RFC 6956,  |
 |          |                | input port at MAC data | Section 5.1.2|
 |          |                | link layer.            |              |
 |          |                |                        |              |
 |    5     |EtherClassifier | Define the process to  |   RFC 6956,  |
 |          |                | decapsulate Ethernet   | Section 5.1.3|
 |          |                | packets and classify   |              |
 |          |                | the packets.           |              |
 |          |                |                        |              |
 |    6     |  EtherEncap    | Define the process to  |   RFC 6956,  |
 |          |                | encapsulate IP packets | Section 5.1.4|
 |          |                | to Ethernet packets.   |              |
 |          |                |                        |              |
 |    7     |  EtherMACOut   | Define an Ethernet     |   RFC 6956   |
 |          |                | output port at MAC     | Section 5.1.5|
 |          |                | data link layer.       |              |
 |          |                |                        |              |
 |    8     | IPv4Validator  | Perform IPv4 packets   |   RFC 6956,  |
 |          |                | validation.            | Section 5.2.1|
 |          |                |                        |              |
 |    9     | IPv6Validator  | Perform IPv6 packets   |   RFC 6956,  |
 |          |                | validation.            | Section 5.2.2|
 |          |                |                        |              |
 |    10    | IPv4UcastLPM   | Perform IPv4 Longest   |   RFC 6956,  |
 |          |                | Prefix Match Lookup.   | Section 5.3.1|
 |          |                |                        |              |
 |    11    | IPv6UcastLPM   | Perform IPv6 Longest   |   RFC 6956,  |
 |          |                | Prefix Match Lookup.   | Section 5.3.3|
 |          |                |                        |              |

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 103] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 |    12    |  IPv4NextHop   | Define the process of  |   RFC 6956,  |
 |          |                | selecting IPv4 next-hop| Section 5.3.2|
 |          |                | action.                |              |
 |          |                |                        |              |
 |    13    |  IPv6NextHop   | Define the process of  |   RFC 6956,  |
 |          |                | selecting IPv6 next-hop| Section 5.3.4|
 |          |                | action.                |              |
 |          |                |                        |              |
 |    14    |  RedirectIn    | Define the process for |   RFC 6956,  |
 |          |                | CE to inject data      | Section 5.4.1|
 |          |                | packets into FE LFB    |              |
 |          |                | topology.              |              |
 |          |                |                        |              |
 |    15    |  RedirectOut   | Define the process for |   RFC 6956,  |
 |          |                | LFBs in FE to deliver  | Section 5.4.2|
 |          |                | data packets to CE.    |              |
 |          |                |                        |              |
 |    16    | BasicMetadata  | Dispatch input packets |   RFC 6956,  |
 |          |    Dispatch    | to a group output      | Section 5.5.1|
 |          |                | according to a metadata|              |
 |          |                |                        |              |
 |    17    |GenericScheduler| Define a preliminary   |   RFC 6956,  |
 |          |                | generic scheduling     | Section 5.5.2|
 |          |                | process.               |              |
 +----------+--------------- +------------------------+--------------+
                               Table 1

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 104] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

8.2. Metadata ID

 The Metadata ID namespace is 32 bits long.  Below are the guidelines
 for managing the namespace.
 Metadata IDs in the range of 0x00000001-0x7FFFFFFF are Specification
 Required [RFC5226].  A metadata ID using this range MUST be
 documented in an RFC or other permanent and readily available
 reference.
 Values assigned by this specification:
 +--------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+
 |   Value      |           Name          |        Definition        |
 +--------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+
 |  0x00000000  |         Reserved        |   RFC 6956               |
 |  0x00000001  |       PHYPortID         |   RFC 6956, Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000002  |         SrcMAC          |   RFC 6956, Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000003  |         DstMAC          |   RFC 6956, Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000004  |       LogicalPortID     |   RFC 6956, Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000005  |         EtherType       |   RFC 6956, Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000006  |          VlanID         |   RFC 6956, Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000007  |       VlanPriority      |   RFC 6956, Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000008  |       NextHopIPv4Addr   |   RFC 6956, Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000009  |       NextHopIPv6Addr   |   RFC 6956, Section 4.4  |
 |  0x0000000A  |       HopSelector       |   RFC 6956, Section 4.4  |
 |  0x0000000B  |       ExceptionID       |   RFC 6956, Section 4.4  |
 |  0x0000000C  |      ValidateErrorID    |   RFC 6956, Section 4.4  |
 |  0x0000000D  |         L3PortID        |   RFC 6956, Section 4.4  |
 |  0x0000000E  |       RedirectIndex     |   RFC 6956, Section 4.4  |
 |  0x0000000F  |    MediaEncapInfoIndex  |   RFC 6956, Section 4.4  |
 |  0x80000000- |      Reserved for       |   RFC 6956               |
 |  0xFFFFFFFF  |      Private Use        |                          |
 +--------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+
                                 Table 2

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 105] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

8.3. Exception ID

 The Exception ID namespace is 32 bits long.  Below are the guidelines
 for managing the namespace.
 Exception IDs in the range of 0x00000000-0x7FFFFFFF are Specification
 Required [RFC5226].  An exception ID using this range MUST be
 documented in an RFC or other permanent and readily available
 reference.
 Values assigned by this specification:
 +--------------+---------------------------------+------------------+
 |   Value      |           Name                  |   Definition     |
 +--------------+---------------------------------+------------------+
 |  0x00000000  |  AnyUnrecognizedExceptionCase   | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000001  |        ClassifyNoMatching       | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000002  |   MediaEncapInfoIndexInvalid    | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000003  |       EncapTableLookupFailed    | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000004  |             BadTTL              | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000005  |     IPv4HeaderLengthMismatch    | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000006  |        RouterAlertOptions       | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000007  |         IPv6HopLimitZero        | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000008  |       IPv6NextHeaderHBH         | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000009  |      SrcAddressException        | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x0000000A  |      DstAddressException        | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x0000000B  |        LPMLookupFailed          | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x0000000C  |       HopSelectorInvalid        | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x0000000D  |      NextHopLookupFailed        | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x0000000E  |          FragRequired           | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x0000000F  |       MetadataNoMatching        | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x80000000- |         Reserved for            | RFC 6956         |
 |  0xFFFFFFFF  |         Private Use             |                  |
 +--------------+---------------------------------+------------------+
                                Table 3

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 106] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

8.4. Validate Error ID

 The Validate Error ID namespace is 32 bits long.  Below are the
 guidelines for managing the namespace.
 Validate Error IDs in the range of 0x00000000-0x7FFFFFFF are
 Specification Required [RFC5226].  A Validate Error ID using this
 range MUST be documented in an RFC or other permanent and readily
 available reference.
 Values assigned by this specification:
 +--------------+---------------------------------+------------------+
 |   Value      |           Name                  |   Definition     |
 +--------------+---------------------------------+------------------+
 |  0x00000000  | AnyUnrecognizedValidateErrorCase| See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000001  |        InvalidIPv4PacketSize    | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000002  |           NotIPv4Packet         | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000003  |    InvalidIPv4HeaderLengthSize  | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000004  |    InvalidIPv4LengthFieldSize   | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000005  |         InvalidIPv4Checksum     | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000006  |      InvalidIPv4SrcAddr         | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000007  |      InvalidIPv4DstAddr         | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000008  |      InvalidIPv6PacketSize      | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x00000009  |          NotIPv6Packet          | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x0000000A  |      InvalidIPv6SrcAddr         | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x0000000B  |      InvalidIPv6DstAddr         | See Section 4.4  |
 |  0x80000000- |        Reserved for             | RFC 6956         |
 |  0xFFFFFFFF  |        Private Use              |                  |
 +--------------+---------------------------------+------------------+
                                 Table 4

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 107] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

9. Security Considerations

 The ForCES framework document [RFC3746] provides a description of the
 security needs for the overall ForCES architecture.  For example, the
 ForCES protocol entities must be authenticated per the ForCES
 requirements before they can access the information elements
 described in this document via ForCES.  The ForCES protocol document
 [RFC5810] includes a comprehensive set of security mechanisms that
 implementations are required to support to meet these needs.  SCTP-
 based Transport Mapping Layer (TML) for the ForCES protocol [RFC5811]
 specifies security mechanisms for transport mapping for the ForCES
 protocol.  The LFBs defined in this document are similar to other
 LFBs modeled by the FE model [RFC5812].  In particular, they have the
 same security properties.  Thus, the security mechanisms and
 considerations from the ForCES protocol document [RFC5810] apply to
 this document.

10. References

10.1. Normative References

 [RFC2119]      Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
                Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
 [RFC5810]      Doria, A., Hadi Salim, J., Haas, R., Khosravi, H.,
                Wang, W., Dong, L., Gopal, R., and J. Halpern,
                "Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES)
                Protocol Specification", RFC 5810, March 2010.
 [RFC5811]      Hadi Salim, J. and K. Ogawa, "SCTP-Based Transport
                Mapping Layer (TML) for the Forwarding and Control
                Element Separation (ForCES) Protocol", RFC 5811,
                March 2010.
 [RFC5812]      Halpern, J. and J. Hadi Salim, "Forwarding and Control
                Element Separation (ForCES) Forwarding Element Model",
                RFC 5812, March 2010.

10.2. Informative References

 [IEEE.802-1Q]  IEEE, "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area
                networks -- Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges and
                Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks", IEEE Standard
                802.1Q, 2011.
 [RFC1122]      Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
                Communication Layers", STD 3, RFC 1122, October 1989.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 108] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

 [RFC1812]      Baker, F., "Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers",
                RFC 1812, June 1995.
 [RFC2460]      Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version
                6 (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
 [RFC2578]      McCloghrie, K., Ed., Perkins, D., Ed., and J.
                Schoenwaelder, Ed., "Structure of Management
                Information Version 2 (SMIv2)", STD 58, RFC 2578,
                April 1999.
 [RFC3746]      Yang, L., Dantu, R., Anderson, T., and R. Gopal,
                "Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES)
                Framework", RFC 3746, April 2004.
 [RFC5226]      Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing
                an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26,
                RFC 5226, May 2008.

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 109] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

Appendix A. Acknowledgements

 The authors would like to acknowledge the following people, whose
 input was particularly helpful during development of this document:
    Edward Crabbe
    Adrian Farrel
    Rong Jin
    Bin Zhuge
    Ming Gao
    Jingjing Zhou
    Xiaochun Wu
    Derek Atkins
    Stephen Farrell
    Meral Shirazipour
    Jari Arkko
    Martin Stiemerling
    Stewart Bryant
    Richard Barnes

Appendix B. Contributors

 The authors would like to thank Jamal Hadi Salim, Ligang Dong, and
 Fenggen Jia, all of whom made major contributions to the development
 of this document.  Ligang Dong and Fenggen Jia were also two of the
 authors of earlier documents from which this document evolved.
 Jamal Hadi Salim
 Mojatatu Networks
 Ottawa, Ontario
 Canada
 EMail: hadi@mojatatu.com
 Ligang Dong
 Zhejiang Gongshang University
 18 Xuezheng Str., Xiasha University Town
 Hangzhou 310018
 P.R. China
 EMail: donglg@zjsu.edu.cn
 Fenggen Jia
 National Digital Switching Center (NDSC)
 Jianxue Road
 Zhengzhou 452000
 P.R. China
 EMail: jfg@mail.ndsc.com.cn

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 110] RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library June 2013

Authors' Addresses

 Weiming Wang
 Zhejiang Gongshang University
 18 Xuezheng Str., Xiasha University Town
 Hangzhou  310018
 P.R. China
 Phone: +86 571 28877751
 EMail: wmwang@zjsu.edu.cn
 Evangelos Haleplidis
 University of Patras
 Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering
 Patras  26500
 Greece
 EMail: ehalep@ece.upatras.gr
 Kentaro Ogawa
 NTT Corporation
 Tokyo
 Japan
 EMail: ogawa.kentaro@lab.ntt.co.jp
 Chuanhuang Li
 Hangzhou DPtech
 6th Floor, Zhongcai Group, 68 Tonghe Road, Binjiang District
 Hangzhou  310051
 P.R. China
 EMail: chuanhuang_li@zjsu.edu.cn
 Joel Halpern
 Ericsson
 P.O. Box 6049
 Leesburg, VA  20178
 USA
 Phone: +1 703 371 3043
 EMail: joel.halpern@ericsson.com

Wang, et al. Standards Track [Page 111]

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