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rfc:rfc6742

Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) RJ Atkinson Request for Comments: 6742 Consultant Category: Experimental SN Bhatti ISSN: 2070-1721 U. St Andrews

                                                               S. Rose
                                                               US NIST
                                                         November 2012
                    DNS Resource Records for the
             Identifier-Locator Network Protocol (ILNP)

Abstract

 This note describes additional optional resource records for use with
 the Domain Name System (DNS).  These optional resource records are
 for use with the Identifier-Locator Network Protocol (ILNP).  This
 document is a product of the IRTF Routing Research Group.

Status of This Memo

 This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is
 published for examination, experimental implementation, and
 evaluation.
 This document defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet
 community.  This document is a product of the Internet Research Task
 Force (IRTF).  The IRTF publishes the results of Internet-related
 research and development activities.  These results might not be
 suitable for deployment.  This RFC represents the individual
 opinion(s) of one or more members of the Routing Research Group of
 the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF).  Documents approved for
 publication by the IRSG are not a candidate for any level of Internet
 Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741.
 Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
 and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
 http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6742.

Atkinson, et al. Experimental [Page 1] RFC 6742 ILNP DNS November 2012

Copyright Notice

 Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
 document authors.  All rights reserved.
 This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
 Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
 (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
 publication of this document.  Please review these documents
 carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
 to this document.
 This document may not be modified, and derivative works of it may not
 be created, except to format it for publication as an RFC or to
 translate it into languages other than English.

Table of Contents

 1. Introduction ....................................................2
    1.1. Document Roadmap ...........................................4
    1.2. Terminology ................................................5
 2. New Resource Records ............................................5
    2.1. The NID Resource Record ....................................5
    2.2. The L32 Resource Record ....................................7
    2.3. The L64 Resource Record ...................................10
    2.4. The LP Resource Record ....................................12
 3. Deployment Example .............................................15
    3.1. Use of ILNP Records .......................................15
    3.2. Additional Section Processing .............................16
 4. Security Considerations ........................................17
 5. IANA Considerations ............................................17
 6. References .....................................................17
    6.1. Normative References ......................................17
    6.2. Informative References ....................................18
 7. Acknowledgements ...............................................20

1. Introduction

 This document is part of the ILNP document set, which has had
 extensive review within the IRTF Routing RG.  ILNP is one of the
 recommendations made by the RG Chairs.  Separately, various refereed
 research papers on ILNP have also been published during this decade.
 So, the ideas contained herein have had much broader review than the
 IRTF Routing RG.  The views in this document were considered
 controversial by the Routing RG, but the RG reached a consensus that
 the document still should be published.  The Routing RG has had
 remarkably little consensus on anything, so virtually all Routing RG
 outputs are considered controversial.

Atkinson, et al. Experimental [Page 2] RFC 6742 ILNP DNS November 2012

 At present, the Internet research and development community is
 exploring various approaches to evolving the Internet Architecture to
 solve a variety of issues including, but not limited to, scalability
 of inter-domain routing [RFC4984].  A wide range of other issues
 (e.g., site multihoming, node multihoming, site/subnet mobility, node
 mobility) are also active concerns at present.  Several different
 classes of evolution are being considered by the Internet research
 and development community.  One class is often called "Map and
 Encapsulate", where traffic would be mapped and then tunnelled
 through the inter-domain core of the Internet.  Another class being
 considered is sometimes known as "Identifier/Locator Split".  This
 document relates to a proposal that is in the latter class of
 evolutionary approaches.
 The Identifier-Locator Network Protocol (ILNP) was developed to
 explore a possible evolutionary direction for the Internet
 Architecture.  A description of the ILNP architecture is available in
 a separate document [RFC6740].  Implementation and engineering
 details are largely isolated into a second document [RFC6741].
 The Domain Name System (DNS) is the standard way that Internet nodes
 locate information about addresses, mail exchangers, and other data
 relating to remote Internet nodes [RFC1034] [RFC1035].
 More recently, the IETF has defined standards-track security
 extensions to the DNS [RFC4033].  These security extensions can be
 used to authenticate signed DNS data records and can be used to store
 signed public keys in the DNS.  Further, the IETF has defined a
 standards-track approach to enable secure dynamic update of DNS
 records over the network [RFC3007].
 This document defines several new optional data resource records.
 This note specifies the syntax and other items required for
 independent implementations of these DNS resource records.  The
 reader is assumed to be familiar with the basics of DNS, including
 familiarity with [RFC1034] [RFC1035].
 The concept of using DNS for rendezvous with mobile nodes or mobile
 networks has been proposed earlier, more than once, independently, by
 several other researchers; for example, please see [SB00], [SBK01],
 and [PHG02].

Atkinson, et al. Experimental [Page 3] RFC 6742 ILNP DNS November 2012

1.1. Document Roadmap

 This document describes defines additional DNS resource records that
 support ILNP.
 The ILNP architecture can have more than one engineering
 instantiation.  For example, one can imagine a "clean-slate"
 engineering design based on the ILNP architecture.  In separate
 documents, we describe two specific engineering instances of ILNP.
 The term "ILNPv6" refers precisely to an instance of ILNP that is
 based upon, and backwards compatible with, IPv6.  The term "ILNPv4"
 refers precisely to an instance of ILNP that is based upon, and
 backwards compatible with, IPv4.
 Many engineering aspects common to both ILNPv4 and ILNPv6 are
 described in [RFC6741].  A full engineering specification for either
 ILNPv6 or ILNPv4 is beyond the scope of this document.
 Readers are referred to other related ILNP documents for details not
 described here:
 a) [RFC6740] is the main architectural description of ILNP, including
    the concept of operations.
 b) [RFC6741] describes engineering and implementation considerations
    that are common to both ILNPv4 and ILNPv6.
 c) [RFC6743] defines a new ICMPv6 Locator Update message used by an
    ILNP node to inform its correspondent nodes of any changes to its
    set of valid Locators.
 d) [RFC6744] defines a new IPv6 Nonce Destination Option used by
    ILNPv6 nodes (1) to indicate to ILNP correspondent nodes (by
    inclusion within the initial packets of an ILNP session) that the
    node is operating in the ILNP mode and (2) to prevent off-path
    attacks against ILNP ICMP messages.  This Nonce is used, for
    example, with all ILNP ICMPv6 Locator Update messages that are
    exchanged among ILNP correspondent nodes.
 e) [RFC6745] defines a new ICMPv4 Locator Update message used by an
    ILNP node to inform its correspondent nodes of any changes to its
    set of valid Locators.
 f) [RFC6746] defines a new IPv4 Nonce Option used by ILNPv4 nodes to
    carry a security nonce to prevent off-path attacks against ILNP
    ICMP messages and also defines a new IPv4 Identifier Option used
    by ILNPv4 nodes.

Atkinson, et al. Experimental [Page 4] RFC 6742 ILNP DNS November 2012

 g) [RFC6747] describes extensions to Address Resolution Protocol
    (ARP) for use with ILNPv4.
 h) [RFC6748] describes optional engineering and deployment functions
    for ILNP.  These are not required for the operation or use of ILNP
    and are provided as additional options.

1.2. Terminology

 In this document, the term "ILNP-aware" applied to a DNS component
 (either authoritative server or cache) is used to indicate that the
 component attempts to include other ILNP RRTypes to the Additional
 section of a DNS response to increase performance and reduce the
 number of follow-up queries for other ILNP RRTypes.  These other
 RRsets MAY be added to the Additional section if space permits and
 only when the QTYPE equals NID, L64, L32, or LP.  There is no method
 for a server to signal that it is ILNP-aware.
 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
 document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

2. New Resource Records

 This document specifies several new and closely related DNS data
 resource records (RRs).  These new RR types have the mnemonics "NID",
 "L32", "L64", and "LP".  These RR types are associated with a Fully
 Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) that is hereafter called the "owner
 name".  These are part of work on the Identifier-Locator Network
 Protocol (ILNP) [RFC6740].
 For clarity, throughout this section of this document, the "RDATA"
 subsections specify the on-the-wire format for these records, while
 the "Presentation Format" subsections specify the human-readable
 format used in a DNS configuration file (i.e., "master file" as
 defined by RFC 1035, Section 5.1).

2.1. The NID Resource Record

 The Node Identifier (NID) DNS resource record (RR) is used hold
 values for Node Identifiers that will be used for ILNP-capable nodes.
 NID records are present only for ILNP-capable nodes.  This
 restriction is important; ILNP-capable nodes use the presence of NID
 records in the DNS to learn that a correspondent node is also ILNP-
 capable.  While erroneous NID records in the DNS for a node that is
 not ILNP-capable would not prevent communication, such erroneous DNS
 records could increase the delay at the start of an IP session.

Atkinson, et al. Experimental [Page 5] RFC 6742 ILNP DNS November 2012

 A given owner name may have zero or more NID records at a given time.
 In normal operation, nodes that support the Identifier-Locator
 Network Protocol (ILNP) will have at least one valid NID record.
 The type value for the NID RR type is 104.
 The NID RR is class independent.
 The NID RR has no special Time to Live (TTL) requirements.

2.1.1. NID RDATA Wire Format

 The RDATA for an NID RR consists of:
  1. a 16-bit Preference field
  2. a 64-bit NodeID field
   0                   1                   2                   3
   0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  |          Preference           |                               |
  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                               +
  |                             NodeID                            |
  +                               +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  |                               |
  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

2.1.1.1. The Preference Field

 The <Preference> field contains a 16-bit unsigned integer in network
 byte order that indicates the owner name's relative preference for
 this NID record among other NID records associated with this owner
 name.  Lower Preference values are preferred over higher Preference
 values.

2.1.1.2. The NodeID Field

 The NodeID field is an unsigned 64-bit value in network byte order.
 It complies with the syntactic rules of IPv6 interface identifiers
 [RFC4291], Section 2.5.1, but has slightly different semantics.
 Unlike IPv6 interface identifiers, which are bound to a specific
 *interface* of a specific node, NodeID values are bound to a specific
 *node*, and they MAY be used with *any interface* of that node.

Atkinson, et al. Experimental [Page 6] RFC 6742 ILNP DNS November 2012

2.1.2. NID RR Presentation Format

 The presentation of the format of the RDATA portion is as follows:
  1. The Preference field MUST be represented as a 16-bit unsigned

decimal integer.

  1. The NodeID field MUST be represented using the same syntax (i.e.,

groups of 4 hexadecimal digits, with each group separated by a

   colon) that is already used for DNS AAAA records (and also used for
   IPv6 interface IDs).
  1. The NodeID value MUST NOT be in the 'compressed' format (e.g.,

using "::") that is defined in RFC 4291, Section 2.2 (2). This

   restriction exists to avoid confusion with 128-bit IPv6 addresses,
   because the NID is a 64-bit field.

2.1.3. NID RR Examples

 An NID record has the following logical components:
   <owner-name>  IN  NID  <Preference>   <NodeID>
 In the above, <owner-name> is the owner name string, <Preference> is
 an unsigned 16-bit value, and <NodeID> is an unsigned 64-bit value.
   host1.example.com. IN NID 10 0014:4fff:ff20:ee64
   host1.example.com. IN NID 20 0015:5fff:ff21:ee65
   host2.example.com. IN NID 10 0016:6fff:ff22:ee66
 As NodeID values use the same syntax as IPv6 interface identifiers,
 when displayed for human readership, the NodeID values are presented
 in the same hexadecimal format as IPv6 interface identifiers.  This
 is shown in the example above.

2.1.4. Additional Section Processing

 To improve performance, ILNP-aware DNS servers and DNS resolvers MAY
 attempt to return all L32, L64, and LP records for the same owner
 name of the NID RRset in the Additional section of the response, if
 space permits.

2.2. The L32 Resource Record

 An L32 DNS RR is used to hold 32-bit Locator values for
 ILNPv4-capable nodes.

Atkinson, et al. Experimental [Page 7] RFC 6742 ILNP DNS November 2012

 L32 records are present only for ILNPv4-capable nodes.  This
 restriction is important; ILNP-capable nodes use the presence of L32
 records in the DNS to learn that a correspondent node is also
 ILNPv4-capable.  While erroneous L32 records in the DNS for a node
 that is not ILNP-capable would not prevent communication, such
 erroneous DNS records could increase the delay at the start of an IP
 session.
 A given owner name might have zero or more L32 values at a given
 time.  An ILNPv4-capable host SHOULD have at least 1 Locator (i.e.,
 L32 or LP) DNS resource record while it is connected to the Internet.
 An ILNPv4-capable multihomed host normally will have multiple Locator
 values while multihomed.  An IP host that is NOT ILNPv4-capable MUST
 NOT have an L32 or LP record in its DNS entries.  A node that is not
 currently connected to the Internet might not have any L32 values in
 the DNS associated with its owner name.
 A DNS owner name that is naming a subnetwork, rather than naming a
 host, MAY have an L32 record as a wild-card entry, thereby applying
 to entries under that DNS owner name.  This deployment scenario
 probably is most common if the named subnetwork is, was, or might
 become, mobile.
 The type value for the L32 RR type is 105.
 The L32 RR is class independent.
 The L32 RR has no special TTL requirements.

2.2.1. L32 RDATA Wire Format

 The RDATA for an L32 RR consists of:
  1. a 16-bit Preference field
  2. a 32-bit Locator32 field
   0                   1                   2                   3
   0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  |          Preference           |      Locator32 (16 MSBs)      |
  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  |     Locator32 (16 LSBs)       |
  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 MSB = most significant bit
 LSB = least significant bit

Atkinson, et al. Experimental [Page 8] RFC 6742 ILNP DNS November 2012

2.2.1.1. The Preference Field

 The <Preference> field is an unsigned 16-bit field in network byte
 order that indicates the owner name's relative preference for this
 L32 record among other L32 records associated with this owner name.
 Lower Preference values are preferred over higher Preference values.

2.2.1.2. The Locator32 Field

 The <Locator32> field is an unsigned 32-bit integer in network byte
 order that is identical on-the-wire to the ADDRESS field of the
 existing DNS A record.

2.2.2. L32 RR Presentation Format

 The presentation of the format of the RDATA portion is as follows:
  1. The Preference field MUST be represented as a 16-bit unsigned

decimal integer.

  1. The Locator32 field MUST be represented using the same syntax used

for existing DNS A records (i.e., 4 decimal numbers separated by

   periods without any embedded spaces).

2.2.3. L32 RR Examples

 An L32 record has the following logical components:
   <owner-name>  IN  L32  <Preference>   <Locator32>
 In the above <owner-name> is the owner name string, <Preference> is
 an unsigned 16-bit value, and <Locator32> is an unsigned 32-bit
 value.
   host1.example.com. IN L32 10 10.1.02.0
   host1.example.com. IN L32 20 10.1.04.0
   host2.example.com. IN L32 10 10.1.08.0
 As L32 values have the same syntax and semantics as IPv4 routing
 prefixes, when displayed for human readership, the values are
 presented in the same dotted-decimal format as IPv4 addresses.  An
 example of this syntax is shown above.
 In the example above, the owner name is from an FQDN for an
 individual host. host1.example.com has two L32 values, so
 host1.example.com is multihomed.

Atkinson, et al. Experimental [Page 9] RFC 6742 ILNP DNS November 2012

 Another example is when the owner name is that learned from an LP
 record (see below for details of LP records).
   l32-subnet1.example.com. IN L32 10 10.1.02.0
   l32-subnet2.example.com. IN L32 20 10.1.04.0
   l32-subnet3.example.com. IN L32 30 10.1.08.0
 In this example above, the owner name is for a subnetwork rather than
 an individual node.

2.2.4. Additional Section Processing

 To improve performance, ILNP-aware DNS servers and DNS resolvers MAY
 attempt to return all NID, L64, and LP records for the same owner
 name of the L32 RRset in the Additional section of the response, if
 space permits.

2.3. The L64 Resource Record

 The L64 resource record (RR) is used to hold unsigned 64-bit Locator
 values for ILNPv6-capable nodes.
 L64 records are present only for ILNPv6-capable nodes.  This
 restriction is important; ILNP-capable nodes use the presence of L64
 records in the DNS to learn that a correspondent node is also
 ILNPv6-capable.  While erroneous L64 records in the DNS for a node
 that is not ILNP-capable would not prevent communication, such
 erroneous DNS records could increase the delay at the start of an IP
 session.
 A given owner name might have zero or more L64 values at a given
 time.  An ILNPv6-capable host SHOULD have at least 1 Locator (i.e.,
 L64 or LP) DNS resource record while it is connected to the Internet.
 An ILNPv6-capable multihomed host normally will have multiple Locator
 values while multihomed.  An IP host that is NOT ILNPv6-capable MUST
 NOT have an L64 or LP record in its DNS entries.  A node that is not
 currently connected to the Internet might not have any L64 values in
 the DNS associated with its owner name.
 A DNS owner name that is naming a subnetwork, rather than naming a
 host, MAY have an L64 record as a wild-card entry, thereby applying
 to entries under that DNS owner name.  This deployment scenario
 probably is most common if the named subnetwork is, was, or might
 become, mobile.
 The type value for the L64 RR type is 106.

Atkinson, et al. Experimental [Page 10] RFC 6742 ILNP DNS November 2012

 The L64 RR is class independent.
 The L64 RR has no special TTL requirements.

2.3.1. The L64 RDATA Wire Format

 The RDATA for an L64 RR consists of:
  1. a 16-bit Preference field
  2. a 64-bit Locator64 field
   0                   1                   2                   3
   0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  |          Preference           |                               |
  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                               +
  |                          Locator64                            |
  +                               +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  |                               |
  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

2.3.1.1. The Preference Field

 The <Preference> field is an unsigned 16-bit integer in network byte
 order that indicates the owner name's relative preference for this
 L64 record among other L64 records associated with this owner name.
 Lower Preference values are preferred over higher Preference values.

2.3.1.2. The Locator64 Field

 The <Locator64> field is an unsigned 64-bit integer in network byte
 order that has the same syntax and semantics as a 64-bit IPv6 routing
 prefix.

2.3.2. L64 RR Presentation Format

 The presentation of the format of the RDATA portion is as follows:
  1. The Preference field MUST be represented as a 16-bit unsigned

decimal integer.

  1. The Locator64 field MUST be represented using the same syntax used

for AAAA records (i.e., groups of 4 hexadecimal digits separated by

   colons).  However, the 'compressed' display format (e.g., using
   "::") that is specified in RFC 4291, Section 2.2 (2), MUST NOT be
   used.  This is done to avoid confusion with a 128-bit IPv6 address,
   since the Locator64 is a 64-bit value, while the IPv6 address is a
   128-bit value.

Atkinson, et al. Experimental [Page 11] RFC 6742 ILNP DNS November 2012

2.3.3. L64 RR Examples

 An L64 record has the following logical components:
      <owner-name>  IN  L64  <Preference>   <Locator64>
 In the above, <owner-name> is the owner name string, <Preference> is
 an unsigned 16-bit value, while <Locator64> is an unsigned 64-bit
 value.
   host1.example.com. IN L64 10 2001:0DB8:1140:1000
   host1.example.com. IN L64 20 2001:0DB8:2140:2000
   host2.example.com. IN L64 10 2001:0DB8:4140:4000
 As L64 values have the same syntax and semantics as IPv6 routing
 prefixes, when displayed for human readership, the values might
 conveniently be presented in hexadecimal format, as above.
 In the example above, the owner name is from an FQDN for an
 individual host. host1.example.com has two L64 values, so it will be
 multihomed.
 Another example is when the owner name is that learned from an LP
 record (see below for details of LP records).
   l64-subnet1.example.com. IN L64 10 2001:0DB8:1140:1000
   l64-subnet2.example.com. IN L64 20 2001:0DB8:2140:2000
   l64-subnet3.example.com. IN L64 30 2001:0DB8:4140:4000
 Here, the owner name is for a subnetwork rather than an individual
 node.

2.3.4. Additional Section Processing

 To improve performance, ILNP-aware DNS servers and DNS resolvers MAY
 attempt to return all NID, L32, and LP records for the same owner
 name of the L64 RRset in the Additional section of the response, if
 space permits.

2.4. The LP Resource Record

 The LP DNS resource record (RR) is used to hold the name of a
 subnetwork for ILNP.  The name is an FQDN which can then be used to
 look up L32 or L64 records.  LP is, effectively, a Locator Pointer to
 L32 and/or L64 records.

Atkinson, et al. Experimental [Page 12] RFC 6742 ILNP DNS November 2012

 As described in [RFC6740], the LP RR provides one level of
 indirection within the DNS in naming a Locator value.  This is useful
 in several deployment scenarios, such as for a multihomed site where
 the multihoming is handled entirely by the site's border routers
 (e.g., via Locator rewriting) or in some mobile network deployment
 scenarios [RFC6748].
 LP records MUST NOT be present for owner name values that are not
 ILNP-capable nodes.  This restriction is important; ILNP-capable
 nodes use the presence of LP records in the DNS to infer that a
 correspondent node is also ILNP-capable.  While erroneous LP records
 in the DNS for an owner name would not prevent communication,
 presence of such erroneous DNS records could increase the delay at
 the start of an IP session.
 The type value for the LP RR type is 107.
 The LP RR is class independent.
 The LP RR has no special TTL requirements.

2.4.1. LP RDATA Wire Format

 The RDATA for an LP RR consists of:
  1. an unsigned 16-bit Preference field
  2. a variable-length FQDN field
   0                   1                   2                   3
   0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  |          Preference           |                               /
  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                               /
  /                                                               /
  /                              FQDN                             /
  /                                                               /
  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

2.4.1.1. The Preference Field

 The <Preference> field contains an unsigned 16-bit integer in network
 byte order that indicates the owner name's relative preference for
 this LP record among other LP records associated with this owner
 name.  Lower Preference values are preferred over higher Preference
 values.

Atkinson, et al. Experimental [Page 13] RFC 6742 ILNP DNS November 2012

2.4.1.2. The FQDN Field

 The variable-length FQDN field contains the DNS target name that is
 used to reference L32 and/or L64 records.  This field MUST NOT have
 the same value as the owner name of the LP RR instance.
 A sender MUST NOT use DNS name compression on the FQDN field when
 transmitting an LP RR.

2.4.2. LP RR Presentation Format

 The presentation of the format of the RDATA portion is as follows:
  1. The Preference field MUST be represented as a 16-bit unsigned

decimal integer.

  1. The FQDN field MUST be represented as a domain name.

2.4.3. LP RR Examples

 An LP record has the following logical components:
      <owner-name>  IN  LP  <Preference>   <FQDN>
 In the above, <owner-name> is the owner name string, <Preference> is
 an unsigned 16-bit value, while <FQDN> is the domain name which
 should be resolved further.
   host1.example.com. IN LP 10 l64-subnet1.example.com.
   host1.example.com. IN LP 10 l64-subnet2.example.com.
   host1.example.com. IN LP 20 l32-subnet1.example.com.
 In the example above, host1.example.com is multihomed on three
 subnets.  Resolving the FQDNs return in the LP records would allow
 the actual subnet prefixes to be resolved, e.g., as in the examples
 for the L32 and L64 RR descriptions, above.  This level of
 indirection allows the same L32 and/or L64 records to be used by many
 hosts in the same subnetwork, easing management of the ILNP network
 and potentially reducing the number of DNS Update transactions,
 especially when that network is mobile [RAB09] or multihomed
 [ABH09a].

2.4.4. Additional Section Processing

 To improve performance, ILNP-aware DNS servers and DNS resolvers MAY
 attempt to return all L32 and L64 records for the same owner name of
 the LP RRset in the Additional section of the response, if space
 permits.

Atkinson, et al. Experimental [Page 14] RFC 6742 ILNP DNS November 2012

3. Deployment Example

 Given a domain name, one can use the Domain Name System (DNS) to
 discover the set of NID records, the set of L32 records, the set of
 L64 records, and the set of LP records that are associated with that
 DNS owner name.
 For example:
   host1.example.com. IN NID 10 0014:4fff:ff20:ee64
   host1.example.com. IN L64 10 2001:0DB8:1140:1000
 would be the minimum requirement for an ILNPv6 node that has owner
 name host1.example.com and is connected to the Internet at the
 subnetwork having routing prefix 2001:0DB8:1140:1000.
 If that host were multihomed on two different IPv6 subnets:
   host1.example.com. IN NID 10 0014:4fff:ff20:ee64
   host1.example.com. IN L64 10 2001:0DB8:1140:1000
   host1.example.com. IN L64 20 2001:0DB8:2140:2000
 would indicate the Identifier and two subnets that host1.example.com
 is attached to, along with the relative preference that a client
 would use in selecting the Locator value for use in initiating
 communication.
 If host1.example.com were part of a mobile network, a DNS query might
 return:
   host1.example.com. IN NID 10 0014:4fff:ff20:ee64
   host1.example.com. IN LP  10 mobile-net1.example.com.
 and then a DNS query to find the current Locator value(s) for the
 node named by the LP record:
   mobile-net1.example.com. IN L64 2001:0DB8:8140:8000

3.1. Use of ILNP Records

 As these DNS records are only used with the Identifier-Locator
 Network Protocol (ILNP), these records MUST NOT be present for a node
 that does not support ILNP.  This lookup process is considered to be
 in the "forward" direction.
 The Preference fields associated with the NID, L32, L64, and LP
 records are used to indicate the owner name's preference for others
 to use one particular NID, L32, L64, or LP record, rather than use

Atkinson, et al. Experimental [Page 15] RFC 6742 ILNP DNS November 2012

 another NID, L32, L64, or LP record also associated with that owner
 name.  Lower Preference field values are preferred over higher
 Preference field values.
 It is possible that a DNS stub resolver querying for one of these
 record types will not receive all NID, L32, L64, and LP RR's in a
 single response.  Credible anecdotal reports indicate at least one
 DNS recursive cache implementation actively drops all Additional Data
 records that were not expected by that DNS recursive cache.  So even
 if the authoritative DNS server includes all the relevant records in
 the Additional Data section of the DNS response, the querying DNS
 stub resolver might not receive all of those Additional Data records.
 DNS resolvers also might purge some ILNP RRsets before others, for
 example, if NID RRsets have a longer DNS TTL value than Locator-
 related (e.g., LP, L32, L64) RRsets.  So a DNS stub resolver sending
 queries to a DNS resolver cannot be certain if they have obtained all
 available RRtypes for a given owner name.  Therefore, the DNS stub
 resolver SHOULD send follow-up DNS queries for RRTYPE values that
 were missing and are desired, to ensure that the DNS stub resolver
 receives all the necessary information.
 Note nodes likely either to be mobile or to be multihomed normally
 will have very low DNS TTL values for L32 and L64 records, as those
 values might change frequently.  However, the DNS TTL values for NID
 and LP records normally will be higher, as those values are not
 normally impacted by node location changes.  Previous trace-driven
 DNS simulations from MIT [JSBM02] and more recent experimental
 validation of operational DNS from U. of St Andrews [BA11] both
 indicate deployment and use of very short DNS TTL values within
 'stub' or 'leaf' DNS domains is not problematic.
 An ILNP node MAY use any NID value associated with its DNS owner name
 with any or all Locator (L32 or L64) values also associated with its
 DNS owner name.
 Existing DNS servers that do not explicitly support the new DNS RRs
 defined in this specification are expected to follow existing
 standards for handling unknown DNS RRs [RFC3597].

3.2. Additional Section Processing

 For all the records above, Additional Section Processing MAY be used.
 This is intended to improve performance for both the DNS client and
 the DNS server.  For example, a node sending DNS query for an NID
 owner name, such as host1.example.com, would benefit from receiving
 all ILNP DNS records related to that owner name being returned, as it
 is quite likely that the client will need that information to
 initiate an ILNP session.

Atkinson, et al. Experimental [Page 16] RFC 6742 ILNP DNS November 2012

 However, this is not always the case: a DNS query for L64 for a
 particular owner name might be made because the DNS TTL for a
 previously resolved L64 RR has expired, while the NID RR for that
 same owner name has a DNS TTL that has not expired.

4. Security Considerations

 These new DNS resource record types do not create any new
 vulnerabilities in the Domain Name System.
 Existing mechanisms for DNS Security can be used unchanged with these
 record types [RFC4033] [RFC3007].  As of this writing, the DNS
 Security mechanisms are believed to be widely implemented in
 currently available DNS servers and DNS clients.  Deployment of DNS
 Security appears to be growing rapidly.
 In situations where authentication of DNS data is a concern, the DNS
 Security extensions SHOULD be used [RFC4033].
 If these DNS records are updated dynamically over the network, then
 the Secure Dynamic DNS Update [RFC3007] mechanism SHOULD be used to
 secure such transactions.

5. IANA Considerations

 IANA has allocated each of the following DNS resource records
 (described above in Section 2) a Data RRTYPE value according to the
 procedures of Sections 3.1 and 3.1.1 of [RFC6195].
   Type  Value
   ----  -----
   NID   104
   L32   105
   L64   106
   LP    107

6. References

6.1. Normative References

 [RFC1034]   Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and
             facilities", STD 13, RFC 1034, November 1987.
 [RFC1035]   Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and
             specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987.
 [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
             Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

Atkinson, et al. Experimental [Page 17] RFC 6742 ILNP DNS November 2012

 [RFC3007]   Wellington, B., "Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Dynamic
             Update", RFC 3007, November 2000.
 [RFC3597]   Gustafsson, A., "Handling of Unknown DNS Resource Record
             (RR) Types", RFC 3597, September 2003.
 [RFC4033]   Arends, R., Austein, R., Larson, M., Massey, D., and S.
             Rose, "DNS Security Introduction and Requirements", RFC
             4033, March 2005.
 [RFC4291]   Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing
             Architecture", RFC 4291, February 2006.
 [RFC6195]   Eastlake 3rd, D., "Domain Name System (DNS) IANA
             Considerations", BCP 42, RFC 6195, March 2011.
 [RFC6740]   Atkinson, R. and S. Bhatti, "Identifier-Locator Network
             Protocol (ILNP) Architectural Description", RFC 6740,
             November 2012.
 [RFC6741]   Atkinson, R. and S. Bhatti, "Identifier-Locator Network
             Protocol (ILNP) Engineering and Implementation
             Considerations", RFC 6741, November 2012.

6.2. Informative References

 [ABH09a]    Atkinson, R., Bhatti, S. and S. Hailes, "Site-Controlled
             Secure Multi-Homing and Traffic Engineering For IP",
             Proceedings of IEEE Military Communications Conference,
             IEEE, Boston, MA, USA, October 2009.
 [BA11]      Bhatti, S. and R. Atkinson, "Reducing DNS Caching",
             Proceedings of IEEE Global Internet Symposium (GI2011),
             Shanghai, P.R. China. 15 April 2011.
             <http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFCOMW.2011.5928919>
 [JSBM02]    Jung, J., Sit, E., Balakrishnan, H., and R. Morris, "DNS
             performance and the effectiveness of caching", IEEE/ACM
             Trans. Netw. 10(5) (October 2002), pp 589-603.
             <http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2002.803905>
 [PHG02]     Pappas, A., Hailes, S. and R. Giaffreda, "Mobile Host
             Location Tracking through DNS", IEEE London
             Communications Symposium, London, England, UK, September
             2002.
             <http://www.ee.ucl.ac.uk/lcs/previous/LCS2002/LCS072.pdf>

Atkinson, et al. Experimental [Page 18] RFC 6742 ILNP DNS November 2012

 [RAB09]     Rehunathan, D., Atkinson, R. and S. Bhatti, "Enabling
             Mobile Networks Through Secure Naming", Proceedings of
             IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM), IEEE,
             Boston, MA, USA, October 2009.
 [SB00]      Snoeren, A. and H. Balakrishnan, "An End-To-End Approach
             To Host Mobility", Proceedings of 6th Conference on
             Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), ACM, Boston,
             MA, USA, August 2000.
 [SBK01]     Snoeren, A., Balakrishnan, H., and  M. Frans Kaashoek,
             "Reconsidering Internet Mobility", Proceedings of 8th
             Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS), IEEE
             Computer Society, Elmau, Germany, May 2001.
 [RFC4984]   Meyer, D., Ed., Zhang, L., Ed., and K. Fall, Ed., "Report
             from the IAB Workshop on Routing and Addressing", RFC
             4984, September 2007.
 [RFC6743]   Atkinson, R. and S. Bhatti, "ICMPv6 Locator Update
             Message", RFC 6743, November 2012.
 [RFC6744]   Atkinson, R. and S. Bhatti, "IPv6 Nonce Destination
             Option for the Identifier-Locator Network Protocol for
             IPv6 (ILNPv6)", RFC 6744, November 2012.
 [RFC6745]   Atkinson, R. and S. Bhatti,  "ICMP Locator Update Message
             for the Identifier-Locator Network Protocol for IPv4
             (ILNPv4)", RFC 6745, November 2012.
 [RFC6746]   Atkinson, R. and S.Bhatti, "IPv4 Options for the
             Identifier-Locator Network Protocol (ILNP)", RFC 6746,
             November 2012.
 [RFC6747]   Atkinson, R. and S. Bhatti, "Address Resolution Protocol
             (ARP) Extension for the Identifier-Locator Network
             Protocol for IPv4 (ILNPv4)", RFC 6747, November 2012.
 [RFC6748]   Atkinson, R. and S. Bhatti, "Optional Advanced Deployment
             Scenarios for the Identifier-Locator Network Protocol
             (ILNP)", RFC 6748, November 2012.

Atkinson, et al. Experimental [Page 19] RFC 6742 ILNP DNS November 2012

7. Acknowledgements

 Steve Blake, Stephane Bortzmeyer, Mohamed Boucadair, Noel Chiappa,
 Wes George, Steve Hailes, Joel Halpern, Mark Handley, Volker Hilt,
 Paul Jakma, Dae-Young Kim, Tony Li, Yakov Rehkter, Bruce Simpson,
 Robin Whittle, and John Wroclawski (in alphabetical order) provided
 review and feedback on earlier versions of this document.  Steve
 Blake provided an especially thorough review of an early version of
 the entire ILNP document set, which was extremely helpful.  We also
 wish to thank the anonymous reviewers of the various ILNP papers for
 their feedback.
 Roy Arends provided expert guidance on technical and procedural
 aspects of DNS issues, for which the authors are greatly obliged.

Authors' Addresses

 RJ Atkinson
 Consultant
 San Jose, CA 95125
 USA
 EMail: rja.lists@gmail.com
 SN Bhatti
 School of Computer Science
 University of St Andrews
 North Haugh, St Andrews
 Fife, Scotland
 KY16 9SX, UK
 EMail: saleem@cs.st-andrews.ac.uk
 Scott Rose
 US National Institute for Standards & Technology
 100 Bureau Drive
 Gaithersburg, MD 20899
 USA
 EMail: scottr.nist@gmail.com

Atkinson, et al. Experimental [Page 20]

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