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rfc:rfc6612

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) G. Giaretta, Ed. Request for Comments: 6612 Qualcomm Category: Informational May 2012 ISSN: 2070-1721

Interactions between Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) and Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6):

                    Scenarios and Related Issues

Abstract

 The use of Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) and Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) in the
 same network requires some care.  This document discusses scenarios
 where such mixed usage is appropriate and points out the need for
 interaction between the two mechanisms.  Solutions and
 recommendations to enable these scenarios are also described.

Status of This Memo

 This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is
 published for informational purposes.
 This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
 (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
 received public review and has been approved for publication by the
 Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Not all documents
 approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet
 Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741.
 Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
 and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
 http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6612.

Copyright Notice

 Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
 document authors.  All rights reserved.
 This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
 Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
 (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
 publication of this document.  Please review these documents
 carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
 to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
 include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
 the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
 described in the Simplified BSD License.

Giaretta Informational [Page 1] RFC 6612 PMIPv6-MIPv6 Interactions May 2012

 This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF
 Contributions published or made publicly available before November
 10, 2008.  The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this
 material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow
 modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process.
 Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling
 the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified
 outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may
 not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format
 it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other
 than English.

Table of Contents

 1. Introduction ....................................................2
 2. Terminology .....................................................3
 3. Overview of the Scenarios and Related Issues ....................4
    3.1. Issues Related to Scenario A.1 .............................8
    3.2. Issues Related to Scenario A.2 .............................8
    3.3. Issues Related to Scenario B ..............................10
 4. Analysis of Possible Solutions .................................11
    4.1. Solutions Related to Scenario A.1 .........................11
    4.2. Solutions Related to Scenario A.2 .........................13
         4.2.1. Mobility from a PMIPv6 Domain to a
                Non-PMIPv6 Domain ..................................14
         4.2.2. Mobility from a Non-PMIPv6 Domain to a
                PMIPv6 Domain ......................................15
    4.3. Solutions Related to Scenario B ...........................15
 5. Security Considerations ........................................16
 6. Contributors ...................................................16
 7. Acknowledgements ...............................................16
 8. References .....................................................17
    8.1. Normative References ......................................17
    8.2. Informative References ....................................17

1. Introduction

 Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) [RFC5213] is a network-based IP mobility
 protocol standardized by the IETF.  In some deployment scenarios,
 this protocol will be deployed together with Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)
 [RFC6275], for example, with PMIPv6 as local mobility protocol and
 MIPv6 as global mobility protocol.  While the usage of a local
 mobility protocol should not have implications on how global mobility
 is managed, since PMIPv6 is partially based on MIPv6 signaling and
 data structure, some considerations are needed to understand how the
 protocols interact and how the different scenarios can be enabled.

Giaretta Informational [Page 2] RFC 6612 PMIPv6-MIPv6 Interactions May 2012

 Some standardization fora are also investigating more complex
 scenarios where the mobility of some nodes is handled using Proxy
 Mobile IPv6, while other nodes use Mobile IPv6; or the mobility of a
 node is managed in turn by a host-based and a network-based
 mechanism.  This also needs to be analyzed as a possible deployment
 scenario.
 This document provides a taxonomy of the most common scenarios that
 require direct interaction between MIPv6 and PMIPv6.  The list is not
 meant to be exhaustive.  Moreover, this document presents and
 identifies most of the issues pertaining to these scenarios and
 discusses possible means and mechanisms that are recommended to
 enable them.

2. Terminology

 General mobility terminology can be found in [RFC3753].  The
 following acronyms are used in this document:
 o  AR (Access Router): first hop router
 o  BCE (Binding Cache Entry): an entry of the MIPv6 or PMIPv6 binding
    cache
 o  LMA (Local Mobility Anchor): the PMIPv6 mobility anchor as
    specified in [RFC5213]
 o  MAG (Mobility Access Gateway): the PMIPv6 client as specified in
    [RFC5213]
 o  MN-HoA: the Home Address (HoA) of a Mobile Node (MN) in a PMIPv6
    domain
 o  MN-HNP: the IPv6 prefix that is always present in the Router
    Advertisements that the MN receives when it is attached to any of
    the access links in that PMIPv6 domain (MN-HoA always belongs to
    this prefix.)
 o  MIPv6-HoA: the HoA the MN includes in MIPv6 Binding Update
    messages
 o  MIPv6-CoA: the Care-of Address the MN includes in MIPv6 Binding
    Update messages

Giaretta Informational [Page 3] RFC 6612 PMIPv6-MIPv6 Interactions May 2012

3. Overview of the Scenarios and Related Issues

 Several scenarios can be identified where MIPv6 and PMIPv6 are
 deployed in the same network.  This document not only focuses on
 scenarios where the two protocols are used by the same MN to manage
 local and global mobility but also investigates more complex
 scenarios where the protocols are more tightly integrated or where
 there is a coexistence of nodes that do or do not implement MIPv6.
 In particular, the scenario space can be split into hierarchical
 deployments and alternative deployments of Mobile IP (MIP) and Proxy
 Mobile IP (PMIP).  Hierarchical deployments are scenarios where the
 two mobility protocols are used in the same network in a hierarchical
 manner for global and local mobility management.  Alternative
 deployments are scenarios where only one of the two protocols is used
 for mobility management of a given MN.
 The following hierarchical scenarios are identified:
 Scenario A.1: In this scenario, PMIPv6 is used as a network-based
 local mobility management protocol whereas MIPv6 is used as a global
 mobility management protocol.  This interaction is very similar to
 the interaction between Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) and MIPv6
 [RFC5380]; MIPv6 is used to manage mobility among different access
 networks, while the mobility within the access network is handled by
 PMIPv6.  The address managed by PMIPv6 (i.e., the MN-HoA) is
 registered as the Care-of Address by the MN at the Home Agent (HA).
 This means that the HA has a BCE for MIPv6-HoA that points to the
 MN-HoA.

Giaretta Informational [Page 4] RFC 6612 PMIPv6-MIPv6 Interactions May 2012

 The following figure illustrates this scenario.
                         +----+
                         | HA |  MIPv6-HoA -> MN-HoA
                         +----+
                           /\
                          /  \
           +-------------/----\--------------+
          (             /      \              ) Global Mobile IPv6
          (            /        \             ) Domain
           +----------/----------\-----------+
                     /            \
                  +----+         +----+
  MN-HoA -> MAG1  |LMA1|         |LMA2|
                  +----+         +----+
                   //\\             \\
             +----//--\\---+   +-----\\------+
            (    //    \\   ) (       \\      ) Local Mobility Network
            (   //      \\  ) (        \\     ) PMIPv6 domain
             +-//--------\\+   +--------\\---+
              //          \\             \\
             //            \\             \\
            //              \\             \\
         +----+           +----+         +----+
         |MAG1|           |MAG2|         |MAG3|
         +----+           +----+         +----+
           |                |              |
          [MN]
                        Figure 1: Scenario A.1
 Scenario A.2: In this scenario, the MN is moving across different
 access networks, some of them supporting PMIPv6 and some others not
 supporting it.  Therefore, the MN is roaming from an access network
 where the mobility is managed through a network-based solution to an
 access network where a host-based management (i.e., Mobile IPv6) is
 needed.  This scenario may have different sub-scenarios depending on
 the relations between the MIPv6 home network and the PMIPv6 domain.
 The following figure illustrates an example of this scenario, where
 the MN is moving from an access network where PMIPv6 is supported
 (i.e., MAG functionality is supported) to a network where PMIPv6 is
 not supported (i.e., MAG functionality is not supported by the AR).
 This implies that the home link of the MN is actually a PMIPv6
 domain.  In this case, the MIPv6-HoA is equal to the MN-HoA (i.e.,
 the address managed by PMIPv6).

Giaretta Informational [Page 5] RFC 6612 PMIPv6-MIPv6 Interactions May 2012

                       MIPv6-HoA == MN-HoA -> MAG1
                             +------+
                             |HA/LMA|-----------------------+
                             +------+                       |
                               //\\                         |
                      +-------//--\\--------+               |
                     (       //    \\ PMIPv6 )              |
                     (      //      \\ domain)       +--------------+
                      +----//--------\\-----+       (   Non-PMIPv6   )
                          //          \\            (   domain       )
                         //            \\            +--------------+
                        //              \\                  |
                     +----+           +----+              +----+
                     |MAG1|           |MAG2|              | AR |
                     +----+           +----+              +----+
                       |                |                   |
                      [MN]
                        Figure 2: Scenario A.2
 In the scenario illustrated in Figure 2, the non-PMIPv6 domain can
 actually also be a different PMIPv6 domain that handles a different
 MN_HoA.  The following figure illustrates this sub-case: the MIPv6-
 HoA is equal to the MN_HoA; however, when the MN hands over to MAG3,
 it gets a different IP address (managed by LMA2 using PMIPv6) and
 registers it as a MIPv6 CoA.

Giaretta Informational [Page 6] RFC 6612 PMIPv6-MIPv6 Interactions May 2012

             MIPv6-HoA == MN-HoA -> MAG_1
                   +-------+
                   |HA/LMA1|-----------------------+
                   +-------+                       |
                     //\\                       +----+
            +-------//--\\--------+             |LMA2|
           (       //    \\  home  )            +----+
           (      //      \\ PMIPv6)       +------||------+
           (     //        \\domain)      (       ||visited)
            +---//----------\\----+       (       ||PMIPv6 )
               //            \\           (       ||domain )
              //              \\           +------||------+
           +----+           +----+              +----+
           |MAG1|           |MAG2|              |MAG3|
           +----+           +----+              +----+
             |                |                   |
            [MN]
                             (a)
            MIPv6-HoA -> MN_CoA
                   +-------+
                   |HA/LMA1|-----------------------+
                   +-------+                       |
                     //\\                       +----+
            +-------//--\\--------+             |LMA2|  MN_CoA -> MAG3
           (       //    \\  home  )            +----+
           (      //      \\ PMIPv6)       +------||------+
           (     //        \\domain)      (       ||visited)
            +---//----------\\----+       (       ||PMIPv6 )
               //            \\           (       ||domain )
              //              \\           +------||------+
           +----+           +----+              +----+
           |MAG1|           |MAG2|              |MAG3|
           +----+           +----+              +----+
             |                |                   |
                                                 [MN]
                              (b)
           Figure 3: Scenario A.2 with Visited PMIPv6 Domain
 The following alternative deployment has been identified:
 Scenario B: In this scenario, some MNs use MIPv6 to manage their
 movements while others rely on a network-based mobility solution
 provided by the network as they don't support Mobile IPv6.  There may

Giaretta Informational [Page 7] RFC 6612 PMIPv6-MIPv6 Interactions May 2012

 be a common mobility anchor that acts as MIPv6 Home Agent and PMIPv6
 LMA, depending on the type of the node as depicted in the figure.
 However, the LMA and HA can also be separated, and this has no impact
 on the mobility of the nodes.
                                   +--------+
                                   | HA/LMA |
                                   +--------+
              +------+                              +------+
              | MAG1 |                              | MAG2 |
              +------+                              +------+
                         +-----------+
                         | IPv6 host |   ----------------->
                         +-----------+       movement
                      +----------+
                      | MIPv6 MN |  ----------------->
                      +----------+       movement
                         Figure 4: Scenario B
 Note that some of the scenarios can be combined.  For instance,
 Scenario B can be combined with Scenario A.1 or Scenario A.2.
 The following sections describe some possible issues for each
 scenario.  Respective recommendations are described in Section 4.3.
 The specifications considered as a baseline for the analysis are the
 following: [RFC6275], [RFC4877], and [RFC5213].

3.1. Issues Related to Scenario A.1

 This scenario is very similar to other hierarchical mobility schemes,
 including an HMIPv6-MIPv6 scheme.  No issues have been identified in
 this scenario.  Note that a race condition where the MN registers the
 CoA at the HA before the CoA is actually bound to the MAG at the LMA
 is not possible.  The reason is that per the PMIPv6 specification
 [RFC5213], the MAG does not forward any packets sent by the MN until
 the PMIPv6 tunnel is up, regardless the mechanism used for address
 allocation.
 Section 4.1 describes one message flow in case PMIPv6 is used as a
 local mobility protocol and MIPv6 is used as a global mobility
 protocol.

3.2. Issues Related to Scenario A.2

 This section highlights some considerations that are applicable to
 scenario A.2.

Giaretta Informational [Page 8] RFC 6612 PMIPv6-MIPv6 Interactions May 2012

 1.  HoA management and lookup key in the binding cache
  • In MIPv6 [RFC6275], the lookup key in the binding cache is the

HoA of the MN. In particular, the base specification

        [RFC6275] doesn't require the MN to include any identifier,
        such as the MN-ID [RFC4283], in the Binding Update message
        other than its HoA.  As described in [RFC4877], the identifier
        of the MN is known by the Home Agent after the Internet Key
        Exchange Protocol (IKEv2) exchange, but this is not used in
        the MIPv6 signaling or as a lookup key for the binding cache.
        On the other hand, as specified in [RFC5213], a Proxy Binding
        Update contains the home prefix of the MN, the MN-ID and does
        not include the HoA of the MN (since it may not be known by
        the MAG and consequently by the HA/LMA).  The lookup key in
        the binding cache of the LMA is either the home prefix or the
        MN-ID.  This implies that lookup keys for MIPv6 and PMIPv6
        registrations are different.  Because of that, when the MN
        moves from its home network (i.e., from the PMIPv6 domain) to
        the foreign link, the Binding Update sent by the MN is not
        identified by the HA as an update of the Proxy BCE containing
        the home prefix of the MN, but a new binding cache entry is
        created.  Therefore, PMIPv6 and MIPv6 will always create two
        different BCEs in the HA/LMA, which implies that the HA and
        LMA are logically separated.  How to handle the presence of
        the two BCEs for the same MN is described in Section 4.2.
 2.  MIPv6 de-registration Binding Update deletes PMIPv6 binding cache
     entry
  • When the MN moves from a MIPv6 foreign network to the PMIPv6

home domain, the MAG registers the MN at the LMA by sending a

        Proxy Binding Update.  Subsequently, the LMA updates the MN's
        BCE with the MAG address and the MAG emulates the MN's home
        link.  Upon detection of the home link, the MN will send a
        de-registration Binding Update to its home agent.  It is
        necessary to make sure that the de-registration of the MIPv6
        Binding Update does not change the PMIPv6 BCE just created by
        the MAG.
 3.  Race condition between Binding Update and Proxy Binding Update
     messages (Sequence Numbers and Timestamps)
  • MIPv6 and PMIPv6 use different mechanisms for handling

re-ordering of registration messages and they are sent by

        different entities.  In MIPv6, Binding Update messages that
        are sent by the MN to the home agent are ordered by the
        sequence numbers.  The other side, in PMIPv6, Proxy Binding
        Update messages that are sent by the MAG to the LMA are

Giaretta Informational [Page 9] RFC 6612 PMIPv6-MIPv6 Interactions May 2012

        ordered by a timestamp option.  When the MN moves from one
        access where Mobile IP is used to another access when Proxy
        Mobile IP is used, delay in the mobility signaling sent may
        imply adverse situations.  For example, if the MN sends a
        Mobile IP Binding Update from access A before moving to access
        B and this Binding Update gets delayed (e.g., a refresh
        Binding Update), the Binding Update may reach the combined
        LMA/HA after the Proxy Binding Update sent by the MAG,
        re-directing packets to access A even after the MN has moved
        to access B.
 4.  Threat of compromised MAG
  • In the MIPv6 base specification [RFC6275], there is a strong

binding between the HoA registered by the MN and the Security

        Association (SA) used to modify the corresponding BCE.
  • In the PMIPv6 specification [RFC5213], the MAG sends Proxy

Binding Updates on behalf of a MN to update the BCE that

        corresponds to the MN's HoA.  Since the MAG sends the Binding
        Updates, PMIPv6 requires SAs between each MAG and the LMA.
  • As described in [RFC4832], in PMIPv6, MAG compromise or

impersonation is an issue. [RFC4832], Section 2.2, describes

        how a compromised MAG can harm the functionality of an LMA,
        e.g., manipulating the LMA's routing table (or binding cache).
  • In this mixed scenario, both host-based and network-based SAs

are used to update the same binding cache entry at the HA/LMA

        (but see the first bullet of this list, as the entry may not
        be the same).  Based on this consideration, the threat
        described in [RFC4832] is worse as it also affects hosts that
        are using the LMA/HA as MIPv6 HA and not using PMIPv6.

3.3. Issues Related to Scenario B

 In this scenario, there are two types of nodes in the access network:
 some nodes support MIPv6 while some others do not.  The rationale
 behind such a scenario is that the nodes implementing MIPv6 manage
 their own mobility to achieve better performance, e.g., for inter-
 technology handovers.  Obviously, nodes that do not implement MIPv6
 must rely on the network to manage their mobility; therefore, Proxy
 MIPv6 is used for those nodes.
 Based on the current PMIPv6 solution described in [RFC5213], in any
 link of the PMIPv6 domain, the MAG emulates the MN's home link,
 advertising the home link prefix to the MN in a unicast Router
 Advertisement message.  This ensures that the IP address of the MN is

Giaretta Informational [Page 10] RFC 6612 PMIPv6-MIPv6 Interactions May 2012

 still considered valid by the MN itself.  The home network prefix
 (and any other information needed to emulate the home link) is
 included in the MN's profile that is obtained by the MAG via context
 transfer or via a policy store.
 However, in case there are nodes that implement MIPv6 and want to use
 this protocol, the network must offer MIPv6 service to them.  In such
 a case, the MAG should not emulate the home link.  Instead of
 advertising the MN-HNP, the MAG should advertise the topologically
 correct local IP prefix, i.e., the prefix belonging to the MAG, so
 that the MN detects an IP movement, configures a new CoA, and sends a
 MIPv6 Binding Update based on [RFC6275].

4. Analysis of Possible Solutions

4.1. Solutions Related to Scenario A.1

 As mentioned in Section 3.1, there are no significant issues in this
 scenario.
 Figures 5 and 6 show a scenario where an MN is moving from one PMIPv6
 domain to another, based on the scenario of Figure 1.  In Figure 5,
 the MN moves from an old MAG to MAG2 in the same PMIPv6 domain: this
 movement triggers a PBU to LMA1 and the updating of the binding cache
 at the LMA1.  There is no MIPv6 signaling as the CoA_1 registered at
 the HA is the HoA for the PMIPv6 session.  In Figure 6, the MN moves
 from MAG2 in the LMA1 PMIPv6 domain to MAG3 in a different PMIPv6
 domain: this triggers the PMIPv6 signaling and the creation of a
 binding at the LMA2.  On the other hand, the local address of the
 mobile node is changed, as the LMA has changed; therefore, the MN
 sends a MIPv6 Binding Update to the HA with the new CoA_2.

Giaretta Informational [Page 11] RFC 6612 PMIPv6-MIPv6 Interactions May 2012

  +----+            +------+            +------+       +----+
  | MN |            | MAG2 |            | LMA1 |       | HA |
  +----+            +------+            +------+       +----+
    |                  |                    |            |
    |                  |                    |   +-----------------+
    |                  |                    |   |  HoA -> CoA_1   |
    |                  |                    |   | binding present |
    |                  |                    |   +-----------------+
    |                  |                    |            |
    | CoA conf/confirm |  PBU(CoA_1,MAG_2)  |            |
    | <--------------->|  ----------------->|            |
    |                  |              +-----------------+|
    |                  |              | CoA_1 -> MAG_2  ||
    |                  |              | binding updated ||
    |                  |              +-----------------+|
    |                  |          PBA       |            |
    |                  |   <----------------|            |
    |                  |                    |            |
                 Figure 5: Local Mobility Message Flow
  +----+            +------+            +------+       +----+
  | MN |            | MAG3 |            | LMA2 |       | HA |
  +----+            +------+            +------+       +----+
    |   CoA config     |  PBU(CoA_2,MAG_3)  |             |
    |<---------------->|------------------->|             |
    |                  |              +-----------------+ |
    |                  |              | CoA_2 -> MAG_3  | |
    |                  |              | binding created | |
    |                  |              +-----------------+ |
    |                  |          PBA       |             |
    |                  |<-------------------|             |
    |                  |                    |             |
    |                  |  BU (HoA, CoA_2)   |             |
    |---------------------------------------------------->|
    |                  |                    |             |
    |                  |                    |     +-----------------+
    |                  |                    |     |  HoA -> CoA_2   |
    |                  |                    |     | binding updated |
    |                  |                    |     +-----------------+
    |                  | BA                 |             |
    |<----------------------------------------------------|
                Figure 6: Global Mobility Message Flow

Giaretta Informational [Page 12] RFC 6612 PMIPv6-MIPv6 Interactions May 2012

4.2. Solutions Related to Scenario A.2

 As described in Section 3.2, in this scenario, the MN relies on
 PMIPv6 as long as it is in the PMIPv6 domain.  The MN then uses MIPv6
 whenever it moves out of the PMIPv6 domain, which basically implies
 that the MIPv6 home link is a PMIPv6 domain.
 Analyzing the issues described in Section 3.2, it is clear that most
 of them are applicable only to the case where there is a common BCE
 for the PMIPv6 registration and the MIPv6 registration.  Issue 1, on
 how the two protocols identify the BCE, is valid only in the case in
 which we assume that a PMIPv6 message has any value for a MIPv6 BCE.
 Also, Issues 2 and 3 are not applicable in the case in which
 different logical BCEs are used by the LMA and the HA.  For this
 reason, it is recommended that when the MIPv6 home link is
 implemented as a PMIPv6 domain, the HA/LMA implementation treat the
 two protocols as independent.
 In more detail, the following principles should be followed by the
 HA/LMA implementation:
 o  PMIPv6 signaling does not overwrite any MIPv6 BCE.  In particular,
    when a PMIPv6 BCE is created for an MN that has previously created
    a MIPv6 BCE, the MIPv6 BCE of the MN is not overwritten, and a new
    PMIPv6 BCE is created.
 o  The downlink packets in the case where both the MIPv6 BCE and
    PMIPv6 BCE exist are processed as follows:
    1.  The MIPv6 BCE is processed first.  If the destination address
        of the received downlink packet matches the BCE of the HA, the
        packet is forwarded by encapsulating it with the CoA contained
        in the BCE.
    2.  If the destination address does not match the MIPv6 BCE, the
        BCE created by PMIPv6 is applied, and the packets are
        encapsulated to the registered MAG.
 The following subsections provide a description of the procedures
 that will be followed by the MN and HA/LMA based on the above
 principles.  The analysis is performed in two different subsections,
 depending on whether the MN moves from a PMIPv6 domain to a non-
 PMIPv6 domain or vice versa.

Giaretta Informational [Page 13] RFC 6612 PMIPv6-MIPv6 Interactions May 2012

4.2.1. Mobility from a PMIPv6 Domain to a Non-PMIPv6 Domain

 Let's assume the MN is attached to a PMIPv6 domain and there is a
 valid Proxy BCE at the LMA.  Then, the MN moves to a different access
 network and starts using MIPv6 (e.g., because PMIPv6 is not
 supported).  The MN needs to bootstrap MIPv6 parameters and send a
 MIPv6 Binding Update in order to have service continuity.  Therefore,
 the following steps must be performed by the User Equipment (UE):
 o  HA/LMA address discovery: the MN needs to discover the IP address
    of the LMA that has a valid BCE for its home network prefix.  This
    is described in Section 3.2 as Issue 4.
 o  SA establishment: the MN needs to establish an IPsec Security
    Association with the HA/LMA as described in [RFC4877].
 o  HoA or home network prefix assignment: as part of the MIPv6
    bootstrapping procedure, the HA assigns a MIPv6 HoA to the MN.
    This address must be the same the MN was using in the PMIPv6
    domain.
 Since all these steps must be performed by the MN before sending the
 Binding Update, they have an impact on the handover latency
 experienced by the MN.  For this reason, it is recommended that the
 MN establish the IPsec SA (and, consequently, be provided by the HA/
 LMA with a MIPv6-HoA) when it is initialized.  This implies that the
 MN has MIPv6 stack active while in the PMIPv6 domain, but as long as
 it is attached to the same PMIPv6 domain, it will appear to the MN as
 if it is attached to the home link.
 In order to establish the SA with the HA/LMA, the MN needs to
 discover the IP address of the LMA/HA while in the PMIPv6 domain.
 This can be done either based on DNS or based on DHCPv6, as described
 in [RFC5026] and [RFC6611].  The network should be configured so that
 the MN discovers or gets assigned the same HA/LMA that was serving as
 the LMA in the PMIPv6 domain.  Details of the exact procedure are out
 of scope of this document.
 When the MN establishes the SA, it acquires an HoA based on
 [RFC5026].  However, based on PMIPv6 operations, the LMA knows only
 the home network prefix used by the MN and does not know the MN-HoA.
 For this reason, the MN must be configured to propose the MN-HoA as
 the HoA in the IKEv2 INTERNAL_IP6_ADDRESS attribute during the IKEv2
 exchange with the HA/LMA.  Alternatively, the HA/LMA can be
 configured to provide the entire home network prefix via the
 MIP6_HOME_LINK attribute to the MN as specified in [RFC5026]; based
 on this home network prefix, the MN can configure an HoA.  Note that
 the SA must be bound to the MN-HoA used in the PMIPv6 domain as per

Giaretta Informational [Page 14] RFC 6612 PMIPv6-MIPv6 Interactions May 2012

 [RFC4877].  Note that the home network prefix is shared between the
 LMA and HA, and this implies that there is an interaction between the
 LMA and the HA in order to assign a common home network prefix when
 triggered by PMIPv6 and MIPv6 signaling.
 When the MN hands over to an access network that does not support
 Proxy Mobile IPv6, it sends a Binding Update to the HA.  The MN may
 set the R bit defined in the Network Mobility (NEMO) specification
 (implicit mode) [RFC3963] in order to indicate that the entire HNP is
 moved to the new CoA.  A MIPv6 BCE is created irrespective of the
 existing PMIPv6 BCE.  Packets matching the MIPv6 BCE are sent to the
 CoA present in the MIPv6 BCE.  The PMIPv6 BCE will expire in the case
 in which the MAG does not send a refresh PBU.

4.2.2. Mobility from a Non-PMIPv6 Domain to a PMIPv6 Domain

 In this section, it is assumed that the MN is in a non-PMIPv6 access
 network, and it has bootstrapped MIPv6 operations based on [RFC5026];
 therefore, there is valid binding cache for its MIPv6-HoA (or HNP in
 case of NEMO) at the HA.  Then, the MN moves to a PMIPv6 domain that
 is configured to be the home link for the MIPv6-HoA the MN has been
 assigned.
 In order to provide session continuity, the MAG needs to send a PBU
 to the HA/LMA that was serving the MN.  The MAG needs to discover the
 HA/LMA; however, [RFC5213] assumes that the LMA is assigned to the
 MAG or discovered by the MAG when the MN attaches to the MAG.  The
 exact mechanism is not specified in [RFC5213].  A detailed
 description of the necessary procedure is out of the scope of this
 document.  Note that the MAG may also rely on static configuration or
 lower-layer information provided by the MN in order to select the
 correct HA/LMA.
 The PBU sent by the MAG creates a PMIPv6 BCE for the MN that is
 independent of the MIPv6 BCE.  Traffic destined to the MIPv6-HoA (or
 to the HNP in case the MN had set the flag R in the last BU) is still
 forwarded to the CoA present in the MIPv6 BCE.  When the MN wants to
 use the HoA directly from the home link, it sends a de-registration
 message and, at that point only, the PMIPv6 BCE is present.

4.3. Solutions Related to Scenario B

 The solution for this scenario depends on the access network being
 able to determine that a particular MN wants to use Mobile IPv6.
 This requires a solution at the system level for the access network
 and may require knowledge of the detailed configuration and software
 capabilities of every MN in the system.  These issues are out of the
 scope of this document.

Giaretta Informational [Page 15] RFC 6612 PMIPv6-MIPv6 Interactions May 2012

5. Security Considerations

 Scenario A.1 does not introduce any new security issues in addition
 to those described in [RFC5213] or [RFC6275].
 For Scenario A.2, this document requires that the a home agent that
 also implements the PMIPv6 LMA functionality should allow both the MN
 and the authorized MAGs to modify the BCEs for the MN.  Note that the
 compromised MAG threat described in [RFC4832] also applies here in a
 more severe form as explained in Section 3.2.  Scenario B relies on
 the secure identification of MNs and their capabilities so that the
 right service can be provided for the right MNs.  For instance, a
 malicious MN should not get the HoA of some other node assigned to
 it, and a MN that desires to employ its own mobility management
 should be able to do so.  The ability to identify nodes is already a
 requirement in [RFC5213], but Scenario B adds a requirement on
 identification of node capabilities.

6. Contributors

 Kuntal Chowdhury - kuntal@hotmail.com
 Vijay Devarapalli - vijay.devarapalli@azairenet.com
 Sri Gundavelli - sgundave@cisco.com
 Suresh Krishnan - suresh.krishnan@ericsson.com
 Ahmad Muhanna - amuhanna@nortel.com
 Hesham Soliman - Hesham@elevatemobile.com
 George Tsirtsis - tsirtsis@googlemail.com
 Genadi Velev - Genadi.Velev@eu.panasonic.com
 Kilian Weniger - Kilian.Weniger@googlemail.com

7. Acknowledgements

 This document is a merge of four different documents: "Proxy Mobile
 IPv6 and Mobile IPv6 interworking issues" (April 2007), "Proxy Mobile
 IPv6 and Mobile IPv6 interworking" (April 2007), "Behavior of
 Collocated HA/LMA" (October 2008), and "Interactions between PMIPv6
 and MIPv6: scenarios and related issues" (November 2007).  Thanks to
 the authors and editors of those documents.

Giaretta Informational [Page 16] RFC 6612 PMIPv6-MIPv6 Interactions May 2012

 The authors would also like to thank Jonne Soininen and Vidya
 Narayanan, NETLMM WG chairs, for their support.

8. References

8.1. Normative References

 [RFC3963]  Devarapalli, V., Wakikawa, R., Petrescu, A., and P.
            Thubert, "Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support Protocol",
            RFC 3963, January 2005.
 [RFC4832]  Vogt, C. and J. Kempf, "Security Threats to Network-Based
            Localized Mobility Management (NETLMM)", RFC 4832,
            April 2007.
 [RFC4877]  Devarapalli, V. and F. Dupont, "Mobile IPv6 Operation with
            IKEv2 and the Revised IPsec Architecture", RFC 4877,
            April 2007.
 [RFC5026]  Giaretta, G., Kempf, J., and V. Devarapalli, "Mobile IPv6
            Bootstrapping in Split Scenario", RFC 5026, October 2007.
 [RFC5213]  Gundavelli, S., Leung, K., Devarapalli, V., Chowdhury, K.,
            and B. Patil, "Proxy Mobile IPv6", RFC 5213, August 2008.
 [RFC5380]  Soliman, H., Castelluccia, C., ElMalki, K., and L.
            Bellier, "Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) Mobility
            Management", RFC 5380, October 2008.
 [RFC6275]  Perkins, C., Johnson, D., and J. Arkko, "Mobility Support
            in IPv6", RFC 6275, July 2011.
 [RFC6611]  Chowdhury, K., Ed. and A. Yegin, "Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)
            Bootstrapping for the Integrated Scenario", RFC 6611,
            May 2012.

8.2. Informative References

 [RFC3753]  Manner, J. and M. Kojo, "Mobility Related Terminology",
            RFC 3753, June 2004.
 [RFC4283]  Patel, A., Leung, K., Khalil, M., Akhtar, H., and K.
            Chowdhury, "Mobile Node Identifier Option for Mobile IPv6
            (MIPv6)", RFC 4283, November 2005.

Giaretta Informational [Page 17] RFC 6612 PMIPv6-MIPv6 Interactions May 2012

Author's Address

 Gerardo Giaretta (editor)
 Qualcomm
 EMail: gerardog@qualcomm.com

Giaretta Informational [Page 18]

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