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rfc:rfc6110

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) L. Lhotka, Ed. Request for Comments: 6110 CESNET Category: Standards Track February 2011 ISSN: 2070-1721

        Mapping YANG to Document Schema Definition Languages
                   and Validating NETCONF Content

Abstract

 This document specifies the mapping rules for translating YANG data
 models into Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL), a
 coordinated set of XML schema languages standardized as ISO/IEC
 19757.  The following DSDL schema languages are addressed by the
 mapping: Regular Language for XML Next Generation (RELAX NG),
 Schematron, and Schematron and Document Schema Renaming Language
 (DSRL).  The mapping takes one or more YANG modules and produces a
 set of DSDL schemas for a selected target document type -- datastore
 content, Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) messages, etc.
 Procedures for schema-based validation of such documents are also
 discussed.

Status of This Memo

 This is an Internet Standards Track document.
 This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
 (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
 received public review and has been approved for publication by the
 Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on
 Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.
 Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
 and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
 http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6110.

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

Copyright Notice

 Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
 document authors.  All rights reserved.
 This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
 Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
 (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
 publication of this document.  Please review these documents
 carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
 to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
 include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
 the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
 described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

 1. Introduction ....................................................5
 2. Terminology and Notation ........................................6
    2.1. Glossary of New Terms ......................................9
 3. Objectives and Motivation ......................................10
 4. DSDL Schema Languages ..........................................11
    4.1. RELAX NG ..................................................11
    4.2. Schematron ................................................12
    4.3. Document Semantics Renaming Language (DSRL) ...............13
 5. Additional Annotations .........................................14
    5.1. Dublin Core Metadata Elements .............................14
    5.2. RELAX NG DTD Compatibility Annotations ....................14
    5.3. NETMOD-Specific Annotations ...............................15
 6. Overview of the Mapping ........................................16
 7. NETCONF Content Validation .....................................18
 8. Design Considerations ..........................................19
    8.1. Hybrid Schema .............................................19
    8.2. Modularity ................................................22
    8.3. Granularity ...............................................23
    8.4. Handling of XML Namespaces ................................24
 9. Mapping YANG Data Models to the Hybrid Schema ..................25
    9.1. Occurrence Rules for Data Nodes ...........................25
         9.1.1. Optional and Mandatory Nodes .......................26
         9.1.2. Implicit Nodes .....................................27
    9.2. Mapping YANG Groupings and Typedefs .......................28
         9.2.1. YANG Refinements and Augments ......................29
         9.2.2. Type Derivation Chains .............................32
    9.3. Translation of XPath Expressions ..........................35
    9.4. YANG Language Extensions ..................................36
 10. Mapping YANG Statements to the Hybrid Schema ..................37
    10.1. The 'anyxml' Statement ...................................37
    10.2. The 'argument' Statement .................................38

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 2] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

    10.3. The 'augment' Statement ..................................39
    10.4. The 'base' Statement .....................................39
    10.5. The 'belongs-to' Statement ...............................39
    10.6. The 'bit' Statement ......................................39
    10.7. The 'case' Statement .....................................39
    10.8. The 'choice' Statement ...................................39
    10.9. The 'config' Statement ...................................40
    10.10. The 'contact' Statement .................................40
    10.11. The 'container' Statement ...............................40
    10.12. The 'default' Statement .................................40
    10.13. The 'description' Statement .............................42
    10.14. The 'deviation' Statement ...............................42
    10.15. The 'enum' Statement ....................................42
    10.16. The 'error-app-tag' Statement ...........................42
    10.17. The 'error-message' Statement ...........................42
    10.18. The 'extension' Statement ...............................43
    10.19. The 'feature' Statement .................................43
    10.20. The 'grouping' Statement ................................43
    10.21. The 'identity' Statement ................................43
    10.22. The 'if-feature' Statement ..............................45
    10.23. The 'import' Statement ..................................45
    10.24. The 'include' Statement .................................45
    10.25. The 'input' Statement ...................................46
    10.26. The 'key' Statement .....................................46
    10.27. The 'leaf' Statement ....................................46
    10.28. The 'leaf-list' Statement ...............................46
    10.29. The 'length' Statement ..................................47
    10.30. The 'list' Statement ....................................47
    10.31. The 'mandatory' Statement ...............................48
    10.32. The 'max-elements' Statement ............................49
    10.33. The 'min-elements' Statement ............................49
    10.34. The 'module' Statement ..................................49
    10.35. The 'must' Statement ....................................49
    10.36. The 'namespace' Statement ...............................50
    10.37. The 'notification' Statement ............................50
    10.38. The 'ordered-by' Statement ..............................50
    10.39. The 'organization' Statement ............................50
    10.40. The 'output' Statement ..................................51
    10.41. The 'path' Statement ....................................51
    10.42. The 'pattern' Statement .................................51
    10.43. The 'position' Statement ................................51
    10.44. The 'prefix' Statement ..................................51
    10.45. The 'presence' Statement ................................51
    10.46. The 'range' Statement ...................................51
    10.47. The 'reference' Statement ...............................51
    10.48. The 'require-instance' Statement ........................51
    10.49. The 'revision' Statement ................................52
    10.50. The 'rpc' Statement .....................................52

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 3] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

    10.51. The 'status' Statement ..................................52
    10.52. The 'submodule' Statement ...............................52
    10.53. The 'type' Statement ....................................53
         10.53.1. The "empty" Type .................................54
         10.53.2. The "boolean" Type ...............................54
         10.53.3. The "binary" Type ................................54
         10.53.4. The "bits" Type ..................................54
         10.53.5. The "enumeration" and "union" Types ..............54
         10.53.6. The "identityref" Type ...........................54
         10.53.7. The "instance-identifier" Type ...................55
         10.53.8. The "leafref" Type ...............................55
         10.53.9. The Numeric Types ................................55
         10.53.10. The "string" Type ...............................57
         10.53.11. Derived Types ...................................58
    10.54. The 'typedef' Statement .................................59
    10.55. The 'unique' Statement ..................................59
    10.56. The 'units' Statement ...................................60
    10.57. The 'uses' Statement ....................................60
    10.58. The 'value' Statement ...................................60
    10.59. The 'when' Statement ....................................60
    10.60. The 'yang-version' Statement ............................60
    10.61. The 'yin-element' Statement .............................61
 11. Mapping the Hybrid Schema to DSDL .............................61
    11.1. Generating RELAX NG Schemas for Various Document Types ...61
    11.2. Mapping Semantic Constraints to Schematron ...............62
         11.2.1. Constraints on Mandatory Choice ...................65
    11.3. Mapping Default Values to DSRL ...........................67
 12. Mapping NETMOD-Specific Annotations to DSDL Schema Languages ..71
    12.1. The @nma:config Annotation ...............................71
    12.2. The @nma:default Annotation ..............................71
    12.3. The <nma:error-app-tag> Annotation .......................71
    12.4. The <nma:error-message> Annotation .......................71
    12.5. The @if-feature Annotation ...............................71
    12.6. The @nma:implicit Annotation .............................72
    12.7. The <nma:instance-identifier> Annotation .................72
    12.8. The @nma:key Annotation ..................................72
    12.9. The @nma:leaf-list Annotation ............................72
    12.10. The @nma:leafref Annotation .............................73
    12.11. The @nma:min-elements Annotation ........................73
    12.12. The @nma:max-elements Annotation ........................73
    12.13. The <nma:must> Annotation ...............................73
    12.14. The <nma:ordered-by> Annotation .........................74
    12.15. The <nma:status> Annotation .............................74
    12.16. The @nma:unique Annotation ..............................74
    12.17. The @nma:when Annotation ................................74
 13. IANA Considerations ...........................................75
 14. Security Considerations .......................................75
 15. Contributors ..................................................75

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 4] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 16. Acknowledgments ...............................................76
 17. References ....................................................76
    17.1. Normative References .....................................76
    17.2. Informative References ...................................77
 Appendix A. RELAX NG Schema for NETMOD-Specific Annotations .......79
 Appendix B. Schema-Independent Library ............................84
 Appendix C. Mapping DHCP Data Model - A Complete Example ..........85
    C.1. Input YANG Module .........................................85
    C.2. Hybrid Schema .............................................88
    C.3. Final DSDL Schemas  .......................................93
         C.3.1. Main RELAX NG Schema for <nc:get> Reply ............93
         C.3.2. RELAX NG Schema - Global Named Pattern
                Definitions ........................................95
         C.3.3. Schematron Schema for <nc:get> Reply ...............98
         C.3.4. DSRL Schema for <nc:get> Reply .....................99

1. Introduction

 The NETCONF Working Group has completed a base protocol used for
 configuration management [RFC4741].  This base specification defines
 protocol bindings and an XML container syntax for configuration and
 management operations, but does not include a data modeling language
 or accompanying rules for how to model configuration and state
 information carried by NETCONF.  The IETF Operations Area has a long
 tradition of defining data for Simple Network Management Protocol
 (SNMP) Management Information Bases (MIB) modules [RFC1157] using the
 Structure of Management Information (SMI) language [RFC2578] to model
 its data.  While this specific modeling approach has a number of
 well-understood problems, most of the data modeling features provided
 by SMI are still considered extremely important.  Simply modeling the
 valid syntax without the additional semantic relationships has caused
 significant interoperability problems in the past.
 The NETCONF community concluded that a data modeling framework is
 needed to support ongoing development of IETF and vendor-defined
 management information modules.  The NETMOD Working Group was
 chartered to design a modeling language defining the semantics of
 operational data, configuration data, event notifications, and
 operations, with focus on "human-friendliness", i.e., readability and
 ease of use.  The result is the YANG data modeling language
 [RFC6020], which now serves for the normative description of NETCONF
 data models.
 Since NETCONF uses XML for encoding its messages, it is natural to
 express the constraints on NETCONF content using standard XML schema
 languages.  For this purpose, the NETMOD WG selected the Document
 Schema Definition Languages (DSDL) that is being standardized as
 ISO/IEC 19757 [DSDL].  The DSDL framework comprises a set of XML

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 5] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 schema languages that address grammar rules, semantic constraints,
 and other data modeling aspects, but also, and more importantly, do
 it in a coordinated and consistent way.  While it is true that some
 DSDL parts have not been standardized yet and are still work in
 progress, the three parts that the YANG-to-DSDL mapping relies upon
 -- Regular Language for XML Next Generation (RELAX NG), Schematron
 and Document Schema Renaming Language (DSRL) -- already have the
 status of an ISO/ IEC International Standard and are supported in a
 number of software tools.
 This document contains a specification of a mapping that translates
 YANG data models to XML schemas utilizing a subset of the DSDL schema
 languages.  The mapping procedure is divided into two steps: In the
 first step, the structure of the data tree, signatures of remote
 procedure call (RPC) operations, and notifications are expressed as
 the so-called "hybrid schema" -- a single RELAX NG schema with
 annotations representing additional data model information (metadata,
 documentation, semantic constraints, default values, etc.).  The
 second step then generates a coordinated set of DSDL schemas that can
 be used for validating specific XML documents such as client
 requests, server responses or notifications, perhaps also taking into
 account additional context such as active capabilities or features.

2. Terminology and Notation

 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
 document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
 The following terms are defined in [RFC4741]:
 o  client
 o  datastore
 o  message
 o  operation
 o  server
 The following terms are defined in [RFC6020]:
 o  augment
 o  base type
 o  built-in type

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 6] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 o  configuration data
 o  container
 o  data model
 o  data node
 o  data tree
 o  derived type
 o  device deviation
 o  extension
 o  feature
 o  grouping
 o  instance identifier
 o  leaf-list
 o  list
 o  mandatory node
 o  module
 o  RPC
 o  RPC operation
 o  schema node
 o  schema tree
 o  state data
 o  submodule
 o  top-level data node
 o  uses

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 7] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 The following terms are defined in [XML-INFOSET]:
 o  attribute
 o  document
 o  document element
 o  document type declaration (DTD)
 o  element
 o  information set
 o  namespace
 In the text, the following typographic conventions are used:
 o  YANG statement keywords are delimited by single quotes.
 o  XML element names are delimited by "<" and ">" characters.
 o  Names of XML attributes are prefixed by the "@" character.
 o  Other literal values are delimited by double quotes.
 XML element names are always written with explicit namespace prefixes
 corresponding to the following XML vocabularies:
 "a"  DTD compatibility annotations [RNG-DTD];
 "dc"  Dublin Core metadata elements [RFC5013];
 "dsrl"  Document Semantics Renaming Language [DSRL];
 "en"  NETCONF event notifications [RFC5277];
 "nc"  NETCONF protocol [RFC4741];
 "nma"  NETMOD-specific schema annotations (see Section 5.3);
 "nmf"  NETMOD-specific XML Path Language (XPath) extension functions
    (see Section 12.7);
 "rng"  RELAX NG [RNG];
 "sch"  ISO Schematron [Schematron];

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 8] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 "xsd"  W3C XML Schema [XSD].
 The following table shows the mapping of these prefixes to namespace
 URIs.
   +--------+-----------------------------------------------------+
   | Prefix | Namespace URI                                       |
   +--------+-----------------------------------------------------+
   | a      | http://relaxng.org/ns/compatibility/annotations/1.0 |
   |        |                                                     |
   | dc     | http://purl.org/dc/terms                            |
   |        |                                                     |
   | dsrl   | http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/dsrl                      |
   |        |                                                     |
   | en     | urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:notification:1.0     |
   |        |                                                     |
   | nc     | urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0             |
   |        |                                                     |
   | nma    | urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netmod:dsdl-annotations:1    |
   |        |                                                     |
   | nmf    | urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netmod:xpath-extensions:1    |
   |        |                                                     |
   | rng    | http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0                 |
   |        |                                                     |
   | sch    | http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron                |
   |        |                                                     |
   | xsd    | http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema                    |
   +--------+-----------------------------------------------------+
        Table 1: Used namespace prefixes and corresponding URIs

2.1. Glossary of New Terms

 o  ancestor data type: Any data type from which a given data type is
    (transitively) derived.
 o  ancestor built-in data type: The built-in data type that is at the
    start of the type derivation chain for a given data type.
 o  hybrid schema: A RELAX NG schema with annotations, which embodies
    the same information as the source YANG module(s).  See
    Section 8.1 for details.
 o  implicit node: A data node that, if it is not instantiated in a
    data tree, may be added to the information set of that data tree
    (configuration, RPC input or output, notification) without
    changing the semantics of the data tree.

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 9] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

3. Objectives and Motivation

 The main objective of this work is to complement YANG as a data
 modeling language with validation capabilities of DSDL schema
 languages, namely RELAX NG, Schematron, and DSRL.  This document
 describes the correspondence between grammatical, semantic, and data
 type constraints expressed in YANG and equivalent DSDL patterns and
 rules.  The ultimate goal is to be able to capture all substantial
 information contained in YANG modules and express it in DSDL schemas.
 While the mapping from YANG to DSDL described in this document may in
 principle be invertible, the inverse mapping from DSDL to YANG is
 beyond the scope of this document.
 XML-based information models and XML-encoded data appear in several
 different forms in various phases of YANG data modeling and NETCONF
 workflow -- configuration datastore contents, RPC requests and
 replies, and notifications.  Moreover, RPC operations are
 characterized by an inherent diversity resulting from selective
 availability of capabilities and features.  YANG modules can also
 define new RPC operations.  The mapping should be able to accommodate
 this variability and generate schemas that are specifically tailored
 to a particular situation and thus considerably more effective for
 validation than generic all-encompassing schemas.
 In order to cope with this variability, we assume that the DSDL
 schemas will be generated on demand for a particular purpose from the
 available collection of YANG modules and their lifetime will be
 relatively short.  In other words, we don't envision that any
 collection of DSDL schemas will be created and maintained over an
 extended period of time in parallel to YANG modules.
 The generated schemas are primarily intended as input to existing XML
 schema validators and other off-the-shelf tools.  However, the
 schemas may also be perused by developers and users as a formal
 representation of constraints on a particular XML-encoded data
 object.  Consequently, our secondary goal is to keep the schemas as
 readable as possible.  To this end, the complexity of the mapping is
 distributed into two steps:
 1.  The first step maps one or more YANG modules to the so-called
     hybrid schema, which is a single RELAX NG schema that describes
     grammatical constraints for the main data tree as well as for RPC
     operations and notifications.  Semantic constraints and other
     information appearing in the input YANG modules is recorded in
     the hybrid schema in the form of foreign namespace annotations.
     The output of the first step can thus be considered a virtually
     complete equivalent of the input YANG modules.  It cannot,
     however, be directly used for any validation.

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 10] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 2.  In the second step, the hybrid schema from step 1 is transformed
     further to a coordinated set of fully conformant DSDL schemas
     containing constraints for a particular data object and a
     specific situation.  The DSDL schemas are intended mainly for
     machine validation using off-the-shelf tools.

4. DSDL Schema Languages

 Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL) is a framework of schema
 languages that is being developed as the International Standard ISO/
 IEC 19757 [DSDL].  Unlike other approaches to XML document
 validation, most notably W3C XML Schema Definition (XSD) [XSD], the
 DSDL framework adheres to the principle of "small languages": each of
 the DSDL constituents is a stand-alone schema language with a
 relatively narrow purpose and focus.  Together, these schema
 languages may be used in a coordinated way to accomplish various
 validation tasks.
 The mapping described in this document uses three of the DSDL schema
 languages, namely RELAX NG [RNG], Schematron [Schematron], and DSRL
 [DSRL].

4.1. RELAX NG

 RELAX NG (pronounced "relaxing") is an XML schema language for
 grammar-based validation and Part 2 of the ISO/IEC DSDL family of
 standards [RNG].  Like XSD, it is able to describe constraints on the
 structure and contents of XML documents.  However, unlike the DTD
 [XML] and XSD schema languages, RELAX NG intentionally avoids any
 infoset augmentation such as defining default values.  In the DSDL
 architecture, the particular task of defining and applying default
 values is delegated to another schema language, DSRL (see
 Section 4.3).
 As its base data type library, RELAX NG uses the W3C XML Schema
 Datatypes [XSD-D]; but unlike XSD, other data type libraries may be
 used along with it or even replace it if necessary.
 RELAX NG is very liberal in accepting annotations from other
 namespaces.  With a few exceptions, such annotations may be placed
 anywhere in the schema and need no encapsulating elements such as
 <xsd:annotation> in XSD.

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 11] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 RELAX NG schemas can be represented in two equivalent syntaxes: XML
 and compact.  The compact syntax is described in Annex C of the RELAX
 NG specification [RNG-CS], which was added to the standard in 2006
 (Amendment 1).  Automatic bidirectional conversions between the two
 syntaxes can be accomplished using several tools, for example, Trang
 [Trang].
 For its terseness and readability, the compact syntax is often the
 preferred form for publishing RELAX NG schemas, whereas validators
 and other software tools usually work with the XML syntax.  However,
 the compact syntax has two drawbacks:
 o  External annotations make the compact syntax schema considerably
    less readable.  While in the XML syntax the annotating elements
    and attributes are represented in a simple and uniform way (XML
    elements and attributes from foreign namespaces), the compact
    syntax uses as many as four different syntactic constructs:
    documentation, grammar, initial, and following annotations.
    Therefore, the impact of annotations on readability is often much
    stronger for the compact syntax than it is for the XML syntax.
 o  In a computer program, it is more difficult to generate the
    compact syntax than the XML syntax.  While a number of software
    libraries exist that make it easy to create an XML tree in the
    memory and then serialize it, no such aid is available for the
    compact syntax.
 For these reasons, the mapping specification in this document uses
 exclusively the XML syntax.  Where appropriate, though, the schemas
 resulting from the translation MAY be presented in the equivalent
 compact syntax.
 RELAX NG elements are qualified with the namespace URI
 "http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0".  The namespace of the XSD data
 type library is "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-datatypes".

4.2. Schematron

 Schematron is Part 3 of DSDL that reached the status of a full ISO/
 IEC standard in 2006 [Schematron].  In contrast to the traditional
 schema languages such as DTD, XSD, or RELAX NG, which are based on
 the concept of a formal grammar, Schematron utilizes a rule-based
 approach.  Its rules may specify arbitrary conditions involving data
 from different parts of an XML document.  Each rule consists of three
 essential components:
 o  context - an XPath expression that defines the set of locations
    where the rule is to be applied;

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 12] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 o  assert or report condition - another XPath expression that is
    evaluated relative to the location matched by the context
    expression;
 o  human-readable message that is displayed when the assert condition
    is false or report condition is true.
 The difference between the assert and report condition is that the
 former is positive in that it states a condition that a valid
 document has to satisfy, whereas the latter specifies an error
 condition.
 Schematron draws most of its expressive power from XPath [XPath] and
 Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT) [XSLT].  ISO
 Schematron allows for dynamic query language binding so that the
 following XML query languages can be used: STX, XSLT 1.0, XSLT 1.1,
 EXSLT, XSLT 2.0, XPath 1.0, XPath 2.0, and XQuery 1.0 (this list may
 be extended in the future).
 Human-readable error messages are another feature that sets
 Schematron apart from other common schema languages.  The messages
 may even contain XPath expressions that are evaluated in the actual
 context and thus refer to information items in the XML document being
 validated.
 Another feature of Schematron that is used by the mapping are
 abstract patterns.  These work essentially as macros and may also
 contain parameters which are supplied when the abstract pattern is
 used.
 Schematron elements are qualified with namespace URI
 "http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron".

4.3. Document Semantics Renaming Language (DSRL)

 DSRL (pronounced "disrule") is Part 8 of DSDL that reached the status
 of a full ISO/IEC standard in 2008 [DSRL].  Unlike RELAX NG and
 Schematron, DSRL is allowed to modify XML information set of the
 validated document.  While DSRL is primarily intended for renaming
 XML elements and attributes, it can also define default values for
 XML attributes and default contents for XML elements or subtrees so
 that the default contents are inserted if they are missing in the
 validated documents.  The latter feature is used by the YANG-to-DSDL
 mapping for representing YANG default contents consisting of leaf
 nodes with default values and their ancestor non-presence containers.
 DSRL elements are qualified with namespace URI
 "http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/dsrl".

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 13] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

5. Additional Annotations

 Besides the DSDL schema languages, the mapping also uses three sets
 of annotations that are added as foreign-namespace attributes and
 elements to RELAX NG schemas.
 Two of the annotation sets -- Dublin Core elements and DTD
 compatibility annotations -- are standard vocabularies for
 representing metadata and documentation, respectively.  Although
 these data model items are not used for formal validation, they quite
 often carry important information for data model implementers.
 Therefore, they SHOULD be included in the hybrid schema and MAY also
 appear in the final validation schemas.
 The third set are NETMOD-specific annotations.  They are specifically
 designed for the hybrid schema and convey semantic constraints and
 other information that cannot be expressed directly in RELAX NG.  In
 the second mapping step, these annotations are converted to
 Schematron and DSRL rules.

5.1. Dublin Core Metadata Elements

 Dublin Core is a system of metadata elements that was originally
 created for describing metadata of World Wide Web resources in order
 to facilitate their automated lookup.  Later it was accepted as a
 standard for describing metadata of arbitrary resources.  This
 specification uses the definition from [RFC5013].
 Dublin Core elements are qualified with namespace URI
 "http://purl.org/dc/terms".

5.2. RELAX NG DTD Compatibility Annotations

 DTD compatibility annotations are a part of the RELAX NG DTD
 Compatibility specification [RNG-DTD].  YANG-to-DSDL mapping uses
 only the <a:documentation> annotation for representing YANG
 'description' and 'reference' texts.
 Note that there is no intention to make the resulting schemas DTD-
 compatible, the main reason for using these annotations is technical:
 they are well supported and adequately formatted by several RELAX NG
 tools.
 DTD compatibility annotations are qualified with namespace URI
 "http://relaxng.org/ns/compatibility/annotations/1.0".

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 14] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

5.3. NETMOD-Specific Annotations

 NETMOD-specific annotations are XML elements and attributes that are
 qualified with the namespace URI
 "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netmod:dsdl-annotations:1" and that appear in
 various locations of the hybrid schema.  YANG statements are mapped
 to these annotations in a straightforward way.  In most cases, the
 annotation attributes and elements have the same name as the
 corresponding YANG statement.
 Table 2 lists, alphabetically, the names of NETMOD-specific
 annotation attributes (prefixed with "@") and elements (in angle
 brackets) along with a reference to the section where their use is
 described.  Appendix A contains a RELAX NG schema for this annotation
 vocabulary.
       +---------------------------+--------------------+------+
       | annotation                | section            | note |
       +---------------------------+--------------------+------+
       | @nma:config               | 10.9               |      |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | <nma:data>                | 8.1                | 4    |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | @nma:default              | 10.12              |      |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | <nma:error-app-tag>       | 10.16              | 1    |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | <nma:error-message>       | 10.17              | 1    |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | @nma:if-feature           | 10.22              |      |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | @nma:implicit             | 10.11, 10.7, 10.12 |      |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | <nma:input>               | 8.1                | 4    |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | <nma:instance-identifier> | 10.53.7            | 2    |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | @nma:key                  | 10.26              |      |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | @nma:leaf-list            | 10.28              |      |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | @nma:leafref              | 10.53.8            |      |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | @nma:mandatory            | 10.8               |      |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | @nma:max-elements         | 10.28              |      |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | @nma:min-elements         | 10.28              |      |

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 15] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

       |                           |                    |      |
       | @nma:module               | 10.34              |      |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | <nma:must>                | 10.35              | 3    |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | <nma:notification>        | 8.1                | 4    |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | <nma:notifications>       | 8.1                | 4    |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | @nma:ordered-by           | 10.38              |      |
       | <nma:output>              | 8.1                | 4    |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | <nma:rpc>                 | 8.1                | 4    |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | <nma:rpcs>                | 8.1                | 4    |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | @nma:status               | 10.51              |      |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | @nma:unique               | 10.55              |      |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | @nma:units                | 10.56              |      |
       |                           |                    |      |
       | @nma:when                 | 10.59              |      |
       +---------------------------+--------------------+------+
                 Table 2: NETMOD-specific annotations
 Notes:
 1.  Appears only as a subelement of <nma:must>.
 2.  Has an optional attribute @require-instance.
 3.  Has a mandatory attribute @assert and two optional subelements
     <nma:error-app-tag> and <nma:error-message>.
 4.  Marker element in the hybrid schema.

6. Overview of the Mapping

 This section gives an overview of the YANG-to-DSDL mapping, its
 inputs and outputs.  Figure 1 presents an overall structure of the
 mapping:

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 16] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

                  +----------------+
                  | YANG module(s) |
                  +----------------+
                          |
                          |T
                          |
        +------------------------------------+
        |           hybrid schema            |
        +------------------------------------+
             /       |           |       \
            /        |           |        \
         Tg/       Tr|           |Tn       \
          /          |           |          \
    +---------+   +-----+    +-------+    +------+
    |get reply|   | rpc |    | notif |    | .... |
    +---------+   +-----+    +-------+    +------+
                  Figure 1: Structure of the mapping
 The mapping procedure is divided into two steps:
 1.  Transformation T in the first step maps one or more YANG modules
     to the hybrid schema (see Section 8.1).  Constraints that cannot
     be expressed directly in RELAX NG (list key definitions, 'must'
     statements, etc.) and various documentation texts are recorded in
     the schema as foreign-namespace annotations.
 2.  In the second step, the hybrid schema may be transformed in
     multiple ways to a coordinated set of DSDL schemas that can be
     used for validating a particular data object in a specific
     context.  Figure 1 shows three simple possibilities as examples.
     In the process, appropriate parts of the hybrid schema are
     extracted and specific annotations transformed to equivalent, but
     usually more complex, Schematron patterns, DSRL element maps,
     etc.
 An implementation of the mapping algorithm MUST accept one or more
 valid YANG modules as its input.  It is important to be able to
 process multiple YANG modules together since multiple modules may be
 negotiated for a NETCONF session and the contents of the
 configuration datastore is then obtained as the union of data trees
 specified by the individual modules, which may also lead to multiple
 root nodes of the datastore hierarchy.  In addition, the input
 modules may be further coupled by the 'augment' statement in which
 one module augments the data tree of another module.

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 17] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 It is also assumed that the algorithm has access, perhaps on demand,
 to all YANG modules that the input modules import (directly or
 transitively).
 Other information contained in input YANG modules, such as semantic
 constraints and default values, is recorded in the hybrid schema as
 annotations -- XML attributes or elements qualified with the
 namespace URI "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netmod:dsdl-annotations:1".
 Metadata describing the YANG modules are mapped to Dublin Core
 annotations elements (Section 5.1).  Finally, documentation strings
 are mapped to <a:documentation> elements belonging to the DTD
 compatibility vocabulary (Section 5.2).
 The output of the second step is a coordinated set of three DSDL
 schemas corresponding to a specific data object and context:
 o  RELAX NG schema describing the grammatical and data type
    constraints;
 o  Schematron schema expressing other constraints such as uniqueness
    of list keys or user-specified semantic rules;
 o  DSRL schema containing the specification of default contents.

7. NETCONF Content Validation

 This section describes how the schemas generated by the YANG-to-DSDL
 mapping are supposed to be applied for validating XML instance
 documents such as the contents of a datastore or various NETCONF
 messages.
 The validation proceeds in the following steps, which are also
 illustrated in Figure 2:
 1.  The XML instance document is checked for grammatical and data
     type validity using the RELAX NG schema.
 2.  Default values for leaf nodes have to be applied and their
     ancestor containers added where necessary.  It is important to
     add the implicit nodes before the next validation step because
     YANG specification [RFC6020] requires that the data tree against
     which XPath expressions are evaluated already has all defaults
     filled-in.  Note that this step modifies the information set of
     the validated XML document.
 3.  The semantic constraints are checked using the Schematron schema.

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 18] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

       +----------+                        +----------+
       |          |                        |   XML    |
       |   XML    |                        | document |
       | document |-----------o----------->|   with   |
       |          |           ^            | defaults |
       |          |           |            |          |
       +----------+           |            +----------+
            ^                 | filling in       ^
            | grammar,        | defaults         | semantic
            | data types       |                  | constraints
            |                 |                  |
       +----------+       +--------+       +------------+
       | RELAX NG |       |  DSRL  |       | Schematron |
       |  schema  |       | schema |       |   schema   |
       +----------+       +--------+       +------------+
             Figure 2: Outline of the validation procedure

8. Design Considerations

 YANG data models could, in principle, be mapped to the DSDL schemas
 in a number of ways.  The mapping procedure described in this
 document uses several specific design decisions that are discussed in
 the following subsections.

8.1. Hybrid Schema

 As was explained in Section 6, the first step of the mapping produces
 an intermediate document -- the hybrid schema, which specifies all
 constraints for the entire data model using the RELAX NG syntax and
 additional annotations.  In cannot be directly used for validation --
 as a matter of fact, it is not even a valid RELAX NG schema because
 it contains multiple schemas demarcated by special annotation
 elements.
 Every input YANG module corresponds to exactly one embedded grammar
 in the hybrid schema.  This separation of input YANG modules allows
 each embedded grammar to include named pattern definitions into its
 own namespace, which is important for mapping YANG groupings (see
 Section 9.2 for additional details).
 In addition to grammatical and data type constraints, YANG modules
 provide other important information that cannot be expressed in a
 RELAX NG schema: semantic constraints, default values, metadata,
 documentation, and so on.  Such information items are represented in

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 19] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 the hybrid schema as XML attributes and elements belonging to the
 namespace with the following URI:
 "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netmod:dsdl-annotations:1".  A complete list
 of these annotations is given in Section 5.3, detailed rules about
 their use are then contained in the following sections.
 YANG modules define data models not only for configuration and state
 data but also for (multiple) RPC operations [RFC4741] and/or event
 notifications [RFC5277].  In order to be able to capture all three
 types of data models in one schema document, the hybrid schema uses
 special markers that enclose sub-schemas for configuration and state
 data, individual RPC operations (both input and output part) and
 individual notifications.
 The markers are the following XML elements in the namespace of
 NETMOD-specific annotations (URI
 urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netmod:dsdl-annotations:1):
     +-------------------+---------------------------------------+
     | Element name      | Role                                  |
     +-------------------+---------------------------------------+
     | nma:data          | encloses configuration and state data |
     |                   |                                       |
     | nma:rpcs          | encloses all RPC operations           |
     |                   |                                       |
     | nma:rpc           | encloses an individual RPC operation  |
     |                   |                                       |
     | nma:input         | encloses an RPC request               |
     |                   |                                       |
     | nma:output        | encloses an RPC reply                 |
     |                   |                                       |
     | nma:notifications | encloses all notifications            |
     |                   |                                       |
     | nma:notification  | encloses an individual notification   |
     +-------------------+---------------------------------------+
             Table 3: Marker elements in the hybrid schema
 For example, consider a data model formed by two YANG modules
 "example-a" and "example-b" that define nodes in the namespaces
 "http://example.com/ns/example-a" and
 "http://example.com/ns/example-b".  Module "example-a" defines
 configuration/state data, RPC methods and notifications, whereas
 "example-b" defines only configuration/state data.  The hybrid schema
 can then be schematically represented as follows:

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 20] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

<grammar xmlns="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"
         xmlns:nma="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netmod:dsdl-annotations:1"
         xmlns:exa="http://example.com/ns/example-a"
         xmlns:exb="http://example.com/ns/example-b"
         datatypeLibrary="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-datatypes">
  <start>
    <grammar nma:module="example-a"
             ns="http://example.com/ns/example-a">
      <start>
        <nma:data>
          ...configuration and state data defined in "example-a"...
        </nma:data>
        <nma:rpcs>
          <nma:rpc>
            <nma:input>
              <element name="exa:myrpc">
                ...
              </element>
            </nma:input>
            <nma:output>
              ...
            </nma:output>
          </nma:rpc>
          ...
        </nma:rpcs>
        <nma:notifications>
          <nma:notification>
            <element name="exa:mynotif">
              ...
            </element>
          </nma:notification>
          ...
        </nma:notifications>
      </start>
      ...local named pattern definitions of example-a...
    </grammar>
    <grammar nma:module="example-b"
             ns="http://example.com/ns/example-a">
      <start>
        <nma:data>
          ...configuration and state data defined in "example-b"...
        </nma:data>
        <nma:rpcs/>
        <nma:notifications/>
      </start>
      ...local named pattern definitions of example-b...
    </grammar>
  </start>

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 21] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

  ...global named pattern definitions...
</grammar>
 A complete hybrid schema for the data model of a DHCP server is given
 in Appendix C.2.

8.2. Modularity

 Both YANG and RELAX NG offer means for modularity, i.e., for
 splitting the contents of a full schema into separate modules and
 combining or reusing them in various ways.  However, the approaches
 taken by YANG and RELAX NG differ.  Modularity in RELAX NG is
 suitable for ad hoc combinations of a small number of schemas whereas
 YANG assumes a large set of modules similar to SNMP MIB modules.  The
 following differences are important:
 o  In YANG, whenever module A imports module B, it gets access to the
    definitions (groupings and typedefs) appearing at the top level of
    module B.  However, no part of data tree from module B is imported
    along with it.  In contrast, the <rng:include> pattern in RELAX NG
    imports both definitions of named patterns and the entire schema
    tree from the included schema.
 o  The names of imported YANG groupings and typedefs are qualified
    with the namespace of the imported module.  On the other hand, the
    names of data nodes contained inside the imported groupings, when
    used within the importing module, become part of the importing
    module's namespace.  In RELAX NG, the names of patterns are
    unqualified and so named patterns defined in both the importing
    and imported module share the same flat namespace.  The contents
    of RELAX NG named patterns may either keep the namespace of the
    schema where they are defined or inherit the namespace of the
    importing module, analogically to YANG.  However, in order to
    achieve the latter behavior, the definitions of named patterns
    must be included from an external schema, which has to be prepared
    in a special way (see [Vli04], Chapter 11).
 In order to map, as much as possible, the modularity of YANG to RELAX
 NG, a validating RELAX NG schema (the result of the second mapping
 step) has to be split into two files, one of them containing all
 global definitions that are mapped from top-level YANG groupings
 appearing in all input YANG module.  This RELAX NG schema MUST NOT
 define any namespace via the @ns attribute.
 The other RELAX NG schema file then defines actual data trees mapped
 from input YANG modules, each of them enclosed in an own embedded
 grammar.  Those embedded grammars, in which at least one of the
 global definitions is used, MUST include the first schema with

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 22] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 definitions and also MUST define the local namespace using the @ns
 attribute.  This way, the global definitions can be used inside
 different embedded grammar, each time accepting a different local
 namespace.
 Named pattern definitions that are mapped from non-top-level YANG
 groupings MUST be placed inside the embedded grammar corresponding to
 the YANG module where the grouping is defined.
 In the hybrid schema, we need to distinguish the global and non-
 global named pattern definitions while still keeping the hybrid
 schema in one file.  This is accomplished in the following way:
 o  Every global definition MUST be placed as a child of the outer
    <rng:grammar> element (the document root of the hybrid schema).
 o  Every non-global definitions MUST be placed as a child of the
    corresponding embedded <rng:grammar> element.
 YANG also allows for splitting a module into a number of submodules.
 However, as submodules have no impact on the scope of identifiers and
 namespaces, the modularity based on submodules is not mapped in any
 way.  The contents of submodules is therefore handled as if the
 submodule text appeared directly in the main module.

8.3. Granularity

 RELAX NG supports different styles of schema structuring: one
 extreme, often called "Russian Doll", specifies the structure of an
 XML instance document in a single hierarchy.  The other extreme, the
 flat style, uses a similar approach as the Data Type Definition (DTD)
 schema language -- every XML element corresponds to a named pattern
 definition.  In practice, some compromise between the two extremes is
 usually chosen.
 YANG supports both styles in principle, too, but in most cases the
 modules are organized in a way closer to the "Russian Doll" style,
 which provides a better insight into the structure of the
 configuration data.  Groupings are usually defined only for contents
 that are prepared for reuse in multiple places via the 'uses'
 statement.  In contrast, RELAX NG schemas tend to be much flatter,
 because finer granularity is also needed in RELAX NG for
 extensibility of the schemas -- it is only possible to replace or
 modify schema fragments that are factored out as named patterns.  For
 YANG, this is not an issue since its 'augment' and 'refine'
 statements can delve, by using path expressions, into arbitrary
 depths of existing structures.

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 23] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 In general, it is not feasible to map YANG's powerful extension
 mechanisms to those available in RELAX NG.  For this reason, the
 mapping essentially keeps the granularity of the original YANG data
 model: YANG groupings and definitions of derived types usually have
 direct counterparts in definitions of named patterns in the resulting
 RELAX NG schema.

8.4. Handling of XML Namespaces

 Most modern XML schema languages, including RELAX NG, Schematron, and
 DSRL, support schemas for so-called compound XML documents that
 contain elements from multiple namespaces.  This is useful for our
 purpose since the YANG-to-DSDL mapping allows for multiple input YANG
 modules, which naturally leads to compound document schemas.
 RELAX NG offers two alternatives for defining the target namespaces
 in the schema:
 1.  First possibility is the traditional XML way via the @xmlns:xxx
     attribute.
 2.  One of the target namespace URIs may be declared using the @ns
     attribute.
 In both the hybrid schema and validation RELAX NG schemas generated
 in the second step, the namespaces MUST be declared as follows:
 1.  The root <rng:grammar> MUST have @xmlns:xxx attributes declaring
     prefixes of all namespaces that are used in the data model.  The
     prefixes SHOULD be identical to those defined in the 'prefix'
     statements.  An implementation of the mapping MUST resolve all
     collisions in the prefixes defined by different input modules, if
     there are any.
 2.  Each embedded <rng:grammar> element MUST declare the namespace of
     the corresponding module using the @ns attribute.  This way, the
     names of nodes defined by global named patterns are able to adopt
     the local namespace of each embedded grammar, as explained in
     Section 8.2.
 This setup is illustrated by the example at the end of Section 8.1.
 DSRL schemas may declare any number of target namespaces via the
 standard XML attributes xmlns:xxx.
 In contrast, Schematron requires all used namespaces to be defined in
 the <sch:ns> subelements of the document element <sch:schema>.

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 24] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

9. Mapping YANG Data Models to the Hybrid Schema

 This section explains the main principles governing the first step of
 the mapping.  Its result is the hybrid schema that is described in
 Section 8.1.
 A detailed specification of the mapping of individual YANG statements
 is contained in Section 10.

9.1. Occurrence Rules for Data Nodes

 In DSDL schema languages, occurrence constraints for a node are
 always localized together with that node.  In a RELAX NG schema, for
 example, the <rng:optional> pattern appears as the parent element of
 the pattern defining a leaf or non-leaf element.  Similarly, DSRL
 specifies default contents separately for every single node, be it a
 leaf or non-leaf element.
 For leaf nodes in YANG modules, the occurrence constraints are also
 easily inferred from the substatements of 'leaf'.  On the other hand,
 for a YANG container, it is often necessary to examine its entire
 subtree in order to determine the container's occurrence constraints.
 Therefore, one of the goals of the first mapping step is to infer the
 occurrence constraints for all data nodes and mark, accordingly, the
 corresponding <rng:element> patterns in the hybrid schema so that any
 transformation procedure in the second mapping step can simply use
 this information and need not examine the subtree again.
 First, it has to be decided whether a given data node must always be
 present in a valid configuration.  If so, such a node is called
 mandatory, otherwise it is called optional.  This constraint is
 closely related to the notion of mandatory nodes in Section 3.1 in
 [RFC6020].  The only difference is that this document also considers
 list keys to be mandatory.
 The other occurrence constraint has to do with the semantics of the
 'default' statement and the possibility of removing empty non-
 presence containers.  As a result, the information set of a valid
 configuration may be modified by adding or removing certain leaf or
 container elements without changing the meaning of the configuration.
 In this document, such elements are called implicit.  In the hybrid
 schema, they can be identified as RELAX NG patterns having either the
 @nma:default or the @nma:implicit attribute.

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 25] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 Note that both occurrence constraints apply to containers at the top
 level of the data tree, and then also to other containers under the
 additional condition that their parent node exists in the instance
 document.  For example, consider the following YANG fragment:
     container outer {
         presence 'Presence of "outer" means something.';
         container c1 {
             leaf foo {
                 type uint8;
                 default 1;
             }
         }
         container c2 {
             leaf-list bar {
                 type uint8;
                 min-elements 0;
             }
         }
         container c3 {
             leaf baz {
                 type uint8;
                 mandatory true;
             }
         }
     }
 Here, container "outer" has the 'presence' substatement, which means
 that it is optional and not implicit.  If "outer" is not present in a
 configuration, its child containers are not present as well.
 However, if "outer" does exist, it makes sense to ask which of its
 child containers are optional and which are implicit.  In this case,
 "c1" is optional and implicit, "c2" is optional but not implicit, and
 "c3" is mandatory (and therefore not implicit).
 The following subsections give precise rules for determining whether
 a container is optional or mandatory and whether it is implicit.  In
 order to simplify the recursive definition of these occurrence
 characteristics, it is useful to define them also for other types of
 YANG schema nodes, i.e., leaf, list, leaf-list, anyxml, and choice.

9.1.1. Optional and Mandatory Nodes

 The decision whether a given node is mandatory or optional is
 governed by the following rules:

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 26] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 o  Leaf, anyxml, and choice nodes are mandatory if they contain the
    substatement "mandatory true;".  For a choice node, this means
    that at least one node from exactly one case branch must exist.
 o  In addition, a leaf node is mandatory if it is declared as a list
    key.
 o  A list or leaf-list node is mandatory if it contains the 'min-
    elements' substatement with an argument value greater than zero.
 o  A container node is mandatory if its definition does not contain
    the 'presence' substatement and at least one of its child nodes is
    mandatory.
 A node that is not mandatory is said to be optional.
 In RELAX NG, definitions of nodes that are optional must be
 explicitly wrapped in the <rng:optional> element.  The mapping MUST
 use the above rules to determine whether a YANG node is optional, and
 if so, insert the <rng:optional> element in the hybrid schema.
 However, alternatives in <rng:choice> MUST NOT be defined as optional
 in the hybrid schema.  If a choice in YANG is not mandatory, <rng:
 optional> MUST be used to wrap the entire <rng:choice> pattern.

9.1.2. Implicit Nodes

 The following rules are used to determine whether a given data node
 is implicit:
 o  List, leaf-list, and anyxml nodes are never implicit.
 o  A leaf node is implicit if and only if it has a default value,
    defined either directly or via its data type.
 o  A container node is implicit if and only if it does not have the
    'presence' substatement, none of its children are mandatory, and
    at least one child is implicit.
 In the hybrid schema, all implicit containers, as well as leafs that
 obtain their default value from a typedef and don't have the @nma:
 default attribute, MUST be marked with @nma:implicit attribute having
 the value of "true".
 Note that Section 7.9.3 in [RFC6020] specifies other rules that must
 be taken into account when deciding whether or not a given container
 or leaf appearing inside a case of a choice is ultimately implicit.
 Specifically, a leaf or container under a case can be implicit only

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 27] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 if the case appears in the argument of the choice's 'default'
 statement.  However, this is not sufficient by itself but also
 depends on the particular instance XML document, namely on the
 presence or absence of nodes from other (non-default) cases.  The
 details are explained in Section 11.3.

9.2. Mapping YANG Groupings and Typedefs

 YANG groupings and typedefs are generally mapped to RELAX NG named
 patterns.  There are, however, several caveats that the mapping has
 to take into account.
 First of all, YANG typedefs and groupings may appear at all levels of
 the module hierarchy and are subject to lexical scoping, see Section
 5.5 in [RFC6020].  Second, top-level symbols from external modules
 may be imported as qualified names represented using the external
 module namespace prefix and the name of the symbol.  In contrast,
 named patterns in RELAX NG (both local and imported via the <rng:
 include> pattern) share the same namespace and within a grammar they
 are always global -- their definitions may only appear at the top
 level as children of the <rng:grammar> element.  Consequently,
 whenever YANG groupings and typedefs are mapped to RELAX NG named
 pattern definitions, their names MUST be disambiguated in order to
 avoid naming conflicts.  The mapping uses the following procedure for
 mangling the names of groupings and type definitions:
 o  Names of groupings and typedefs appearing at the top level of the
    YANG module hierarchy are prefixed with the module name and two
    underscore characters ("__").
 o  Names of other groupings and typedefs, i.e., those that do not
    appear at the top level of a YANG module, are prefixed with the
    module name, double underscore, and then the names of all ancestor
    data nodes separated by double underscore.
 o  Finally, since the names of groupings and typedefs in YANG have
    different namespaces, an additional underscore character is added
    to the beginning of the mangled names of all groupings.
 An additional complication is caused by the YANG rules for subelement
 ordering (see, e.g., Section 7.5.7 in [RFC6020]): in RPC input and
 output parameters, subelements must follow the order specified in the
 data model; otherwise, the order is arbitrary.  Consequently, if a
 grouping is used both in RPC input/output parameters and elsewhere,
 it MUST be mapped to two different named pattern definitions -- one
 with fixed order and the other with arbitrary order.  To distinguish
 them, the "__rpc" suffix MUST be appended to the version with fixed
 order.

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 28] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 EXAMPLE.  Consider the following YANG module that imports the
 standard module "ietf-inet-types" [RFC6021]:
 module example1 {
     namespace "http://example.com/ns/example1";
     prefix ex1;
     typedef vowels {
         type string {
             pattern "[aeiouy]*";
         }
     }
     grouping "grp1" {
         leaf "void" {
             type "empty";
         }
     }
     container "cont" {
         leaf foo {
             type vowels;
         }
         uses "grp1";
     }
 }
 The hybrid schema generated by the first mapping step will then
 contain the following two (global) named pattern definitions:
 <rng:define name="example1__vowels">
   <rng:data type="string">
     <rng:param name="pattern">[aeiouy]*</rng:param>
   </rng:data>
 </rng:define>
 <rng:define name="_example1__grp1">
   <rng:optional>
     <rng:element name="void">
       <rng:empty/>
     </rng:element>
   </rng:optional>
 </rng:define>

9.2.1. YANG Refinements and Augments

 YANG groupings represent a similar concept as named pattern
 definitions in RELAX NG, and both languages also offer mechanisms for
 their subsequent modification.  However, in RELAX NG, the definitions
 themselves are modified, whereas YANG provides two substatements of
 'uses', which modify expansions of groupings:

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 o  The 'refine' statement allows for changing parameters of a schema
    node inside the grouping referenced by the parent 'uses'
    statement;
 o  The 'augment' statement can be used for adding new schema nodes to
    the grouping contents.
 Both 'refine' and 'augment' statements are quite powerful in that
 they can address, using XPath-like expressions as their arguments,
 schema nodes that are arbitrarily deep inside the grouping contents.
 In contrast, modifications of named pattern definitions in RELAX NG
 are applied exclusively at the topmost level of the named pattern
 contents.  In order to achieve a modifiability of named patterns
 comparable to YANG, a RELAX NG schema would have to be extremely flat
 (cf. Section 8.3) and very difficult to read.
 Since the goal of the mapping described in this document is to
 generate ad hoc DSDL schemas, we decided to avoid these complications
 and instead expand the grouping and refine and/or augment it "in
 place".  In other words, every 'uses' statement that has 'refine'
 and/or 'augment' substatements is replaced by the contents of the
 corresponding grouping, the changes specified in the 'refine' and
 'augment' statements are applied, and the resulting YANG schema
 fragment is mapped as if the 'uses'/'grouping' indirection wasn't
 there.
 If there are further 'uses' statements inside the grouping contents,
 they may require expansion, too: it is necessary if the contained
 'uses'/'grouping' pair lies on the "modification path" specified in
 the argument of a 'refine' or 'augment' statement.

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 EXAMPLE.  Consider the following YANG module:
 module example2 {
     namespace "http://example.com/ns/example2";
     prefix ex2;
     grouping leaves {
         uses fr;
         uses es;
     }
     grouping fr {
         leaf feuille {
             type string;
         }
     }
     grouping es {
         leaf hoja {
             type string;
         }
     }
     uses leaves;
 }
 The resulting hybrid schema contains three global named pattern
 definitions corresponding to the three groupings, namely:
 <rng:define name="_example2__leaves">
   <rng:interleave>
     <rng:ref name="_example2__fr"/>
     <rng:ref name="_example2__es"/>
   </rng:interleave>
 </rng:define>
 <rng:define name="_example2__fr">
   <rng:optional>
     <rng:element name="feuille">
       <rng:data type="string"/>
     </rng:element>
   </rng:optional>
 </rng:define>
 <rng:define name="_example2__es">
   <rng:optional>
     <rng:element name="hoja">
       <rng:data type="string"/>
     </rng:element>
   </rng:optional>
 </rng:define>

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 and the configuration data part of the hybrid schema is a single
 named pattern reference:
 <nma:data>
   <rng:ref name="_example2__leaves"/>
 </nma:data>
 Now assume that the "uses leaves" statement contains a 'refine'
 substatement, for example:
 uses leaves {
     refine "hoja" {
         default "alamo";
     }
 }
 The resulting hybrid schema now contains just one named pattern
 definition - "_example2__fr".  The other two groupings "leaves" and
 "es" have to be expanded because they both lie on the "modification
 path", i.e., contain the leaf "hoja" that is being refined.  The
 configuration data part of the hybrid schema now looks like this:
 <nma:data>
   <rng:interleave>
     <rng:ref name="_example2__fr"/>
     <rng:optional>
       <rng:element name="ex2:hoja" nma:default="alamo">
         <rng:data type="string"/>
       </rng:element>
     </rng:optional>
   </rng:interleave>
 </nma:data>

9.2.2. Type Derivation Chains

 RELAX NG has no equivalent of the type derivation mechanism in YANG
 that allows one to restrict a built-in type (perhaps in multiple
 steps) by adding new constraints.  Whenever a derived YANG type is
 used without restrictions -- as a substatement of either 'leaf' or
 another 'typedef' -- then the 'type' statement is mapped simply to a
 named pattern reference <rng:ref>, and the type definition is mapped
 to a RELAX NG named pattern definition <rng:define>.  However, if any
 restrictions are specified as substatements of the 'type' statement,
 the type definition MUST be expanded at that point so that only the
 ancestor built-in type appears in the hybrid schema, restricted with
 facets that correspond to the combination of all restrictions found
 along the type derivation chain and also in the 'type' statement.

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 EXAMPLE.  Consider this YANG module:
 module example3 {
     namespace "http://example.com/ns/example3";
     prefix ex3;
     typedef dozen {
         type uint8 {
             range 1..12;
         }
     }
     leaf month {
         type dozen;
     }
 }
 The 'type' statement in "leaf month" has no restrictions and is
 therefore mapped simply to the reference <rng:ref
 name="example3__dozen"/> and the corresponding named pattern is
 defined as follows:
 <rng:define name="example3__dozen">
   <rng:data type="unsignedByte">
     <rng:param name="minInclusive">1</rng:param>
     <rng:param name="maxInclusive">12</rng:param>
   </rng:data>
 </rng:define>
 Assume now that the definition of leaf "month" is changed to:
 leaf month {
     type dozen {
         range 7..max;
     }
 }
 The output RELAX NG schema then will not contain any named pattern
 definition and the leaf "month" will be mapped directly to:
 <rng:element name="ex3:month">
   <rng:data type="unsignedByte">
     <rng:param name="minInclusive">7</rng:param>
     <rng:param name="maxInclusive">12</rng:param>
   </rng:data>
 </rng:element>
 The mapping of type derivation chains may be further complicated by
 the presence of the 'default' statement in type definitions.  In the
 simple case, when a type definition containing the 'default'

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 statement is used without restrictions, the 'default' statement is
 mapped to the @nma:default attribute attached to the <rng:define>
 element.
 However, if that type definition has to be expanded due to
 restrictions, the @nma:default attribute arising from the expanded
 type or ancestor types in the type derivation chain MUST be attached
 to the pattern where the expansion occurs.  If there are multiple
 'default' statements in consecutive steps of the type derivation,
 only the 'default' statement that is closest to the expanded type is
 used.
 EXAMPLE.  Consider this variation of the last example:
 module example3bis {
     namespace "http://example.com/ns/example3bis";
     prefix ex3bis;
     typedef dozen {
         type uint8 {
             range 1..12;
         }
         default 7;
     }
     leaf month {
         type dozen;
     }
 }
 The 'typedef' statement in this module is mapped to the following
 named pattern definition:
 <rng:define name="example3bis__dozen" @nma:default="7">
   <rng:data type="unsignedByte">
     <rng:param name="minInclusive">1</rng:param>
     <rng:param name="maxInclusive">12</rng:param>
   </rng:data>
 </rng:define>
 If the "dozen" type is restricted when used in the leaf "month"
 definition, as in the previous example, the "dozen" type has to be
 expanded and @nma:default becomes an attribute of the <ex3bis:month>
 element definition:

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 <rng:element name="ex3bis:month" @nma:default="7">
   <rng:data type="unsignedByte">
     <rng:param name="minInclusive">7</rng:param>
     <rng:param name="maxInclusive">12</rng:param>
   </rng:data>
 </rng:element>
 However, if the definition of the leaf "month" itself contained the
 'default' substatement, the default specified for the "dozen" type
 would be ignored.

9.3. Translation of XPath Expressions

 YANG uses full XPath 1.0 syntax [XPath] for the arguments of 'must',
 'when', and 'path' statements.  As the names of data nodes defined in
 a YANG module always belong to the namespace of that YANG module,
 YANG adopted a simplification similar to the concept of default
 namespace in XPath 2.0: node names in XPath expressions needn't carry
 a namespace prefix inside the module where they are defined and the
 local module's namespace is assumed.
 Consequently, all XPath expressions MUST be translated into a fully
 conformant XPath 1.0 expression: every unprefixed node name MUST be
 prepended with the local module's namespace prefix as declared by the
 'prefix' statement.
 XPath expressions appearing inside top-level groupings require
 special attention because all unprefixed node names contained in them
 must adopt the namespace of each module where the grouping is used
 (cf. Section 8.2).  In order to achieve this, the local prefix MUST
 be represented using the variable "$pref" in the hybrid schema.  A
 Schematron schema which encounters such an XPath expression then
 supplies an appropriate value for this variable via a parameter to an
 abstract pattern to which the YANG grouping is mapped (see
 Section 11.2).
 For example, XPath expression "/dhcp/max-lease-time" appearing in a
 YANG module with the "dhcp" prefix will be translated to:
 o  "$pref:dhcp/$pref:max-lease-time", if the expression is inside a
    top-level grouping;
 o  "dhcp:dhcp/dhcp:max-lease-time", otherwise.

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 YANG also uses other XPath-like expressions, namely key identifiers
 and "descendant schema node identifiers" (see the ABNF production for
 and "descendant-schema-nodeid" in Section 12 of [RFC6020]).  These
 expressions MUST be translated by adding local module prefixes as
 well.

9.4. YANG Language Extensions

 YANG allows for extending its own language in-line by adding new
 statements with keywords from special namespaces.  Such extensions
 first have to be declared using the 'extension' statement, and then
 they can be used as the standard YANG statements, from which they are
 distinguished by a namespace prefix qualifying the extension keyword.
 RELAX NG has a similar extension mechanism -- XML elements and
 attributes with names from foreign namespaces may be inserted at
 almost any place of a RELAX NG schema.
 YANG language extensions may or may not have a meaning in the context
 of DSDL schemas.  Therefore, an implementation MAY ignore any or all
 of the extensions.  However, an extension that is not ignored MUST be
 mapped to XML element(s) and/or attribute(s) that exactly match the
 YIN form of the extension, see Section 11.1 in [RFC6020].
 EXAMPLE.  Consider the following extension defined by the "acme"
 module:
 extension documentation-flag {
     argument number;
 }
 This extension can then be used in the same or another module, for
 instance like this:
 leaf folio {
     acme:documentation-flag 42;
     type string;
 }
 If this extension is honored by the mapping, it will be mapped to:
 <rng:element name="acme:folio">
    <acme:documentation-flag number="42"/>
    <rng:data type="string"/>
 </rng:element>
 Note that the 'extension' statement itself is not mapped in any way.

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10. Mapping YANG Statements to the Hybrid Schema

 Each subsection in this section is devoted to one YANG statement and
 provides the specification of how the statement is mapped to the
 hybrid schema.  The subsections are sorted alphabetically by the
 statement keyword.
 Each YANG statement is mapped to an XML fragment, typically a single
 element or attribute, but it may also be a larger structure.  The
 mapping procedure is inherently recursive, which means that after
 finishing a statement the mapping continues with its substatements,
 if there are any, and a certain element of the resulting fragment
 becomes the parent of other fragments resulting from the mapping of
 substatements.  Any changes to this default recursive procedure are
 explicitly specified.
 YANG XML encoding rules translate to the following rules for ordering
 multiple subelements:
 1.  Within the <nma:rpcs> subtree (i.e., for input and output
     parameters of an RPC operation) the order of subelements is fixed
     and their definitions in the hybrid schema MUST follow the order
     specified in the source YANG module.
 2.  When mapping the 'list' statement, all keys MUST come before any
     other subelements and in the same order as they are declared in
     the 'key' statement.  The order of the remaining (non-key)
     subelements is not specified, so their definitions in the hybrid
     schema MUST be enclosed in the <rng:interleave> element.
 3.  Otherwise, the order of subelements is arbitrary and,
     consequently, all definitions of subelements in the hybrid schema
     MUST be enclosed in the <rng:interleave> element.
 The following conventions are used in this section:
 o  The argument of the statement being mapped is denoted by ARGUMENT.
 o  The element in the RELAX NG schema that becomes the parent of the
    resulting XML fragment is denoted by PARENT.

10.1. The 'anyxml' Statement

 This statement is mapped to the <rng:element> element and ARGUMENT
 with prepended local namespace prefix becomes the value of its @name
 attribute.  The contents of <rng:element> are:
 <rng:ref name="__anyxml__"/>

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 Substatements of the 'anyxml' statement, if any, MAY be mapped to
 additional children of the <rng:element> element.
 If at least one 'anyxml' statement occurs in any of the input YANG
 modules, the following pattern definition MUST be added exactly once
 to the RELAX NG schema as a child of the root <rng:grammar> element
 (cf. [Vli04], p. 172):
 <rng:define name="__anyxml__">
   <rng:zeroOrMore>
     <rng:choice>
       <rng:attribute>
         <rng:anyName/>
       </rng:attribute>
       <rng:element>
         <rng:anyName/>
         <rng:ref name="__anyxml__"/>
       </rng:element>
       <rng:text/>
     </rng:choice>
   </rng:zeroOrMore>
 </rng:define>
 EXAMPLE: YANG statement in a module with namespace prefix "yam"
 anyxml data {
     description "Any XML content allowed here.";
 }
 is mapped to the following fragment:
 <rng:element name="yam:data">
     <a:documentation>Any XML content allowed here</a:documentation>
     <rng:ref name="__anyxml__"/>
 </rng:element>
 An anyxml node is optional if there is no "mandatory true;"
 substatement.  The <rng:element> element then MUST be wrapped in
 <rng:optional>, except when the 'anyxml' statement is a child of the
 'choice' statement and thus forms a shorthand case for that choice
 (see Section 9.1.1 for details).

10.2. The 'argument' Statement

 This statement is not mapped to the output schema, but see the rules
 for handling extensions in Section 9.4.

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10.3. The 'augment' Statement

 As a substatement of 'uses', this statement is handled as a part of
 'uses' mapping, see Section 10.57.
 At the top level of a module or submodule, the 'augment' statement is
 used for augmenting the schema tree of another YANG module.  If the
 augmented module is not processed within the same mapping session,
 the top-level 'augment' statement MUST be ignored.  Otherwise, the
 contents of the statement are added to the foreign module with the
 namespace of the module where the 'augment' statement appears.

10.4. The 'base' Statement

 This statement is ignored as a substatement of 'identity' and handled
 within the 'identityref' type if it appears as a substatement of that
 type definition, see Section 10.53.6.

10.5. The 'belongs-to' Statement

 This statement is not used since the processing of submodules is
 always initiated from the main module, see Section 10.24.

10.6. The 'bit' Statement

 This statement is handled within the "bits" type, see
 Section 10.53.4.

10.7. The 'case' Statement

 This statement is mapped to the <rng:group> or <rng:interleave>
 element, depending on whether or not the statement belongs to an
 definition of an RPC operation.  If the argument of a sibling
 'default' statement equals to ARGUMENT, the @nma:implicit attribute
 with the value of "true" MUST be added to that <rng:group> or <rng:
 interleave> element.  The @nma:implicit attribute MUST NOT be used
 for nodes at the top-level of a non-default case (see Section 7.9.3
 in [RFC6020]).

10.8. The 'choice' Statement

 This statement is mapped to the <rng:choice> element.
 If 'choice' has the 'mandatory' substatement with the value of
 "true", the attribute @nma:mandatory MUST be added to the <rng:
 choice> element with the value of ARGUMENT.  This case may require

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 additional handling, see Section 11.2.1.  Otherwise, if "mandatory
 true;" is not present, the <rng:choice> element MUST be wrapped in
 <rng:optional>.
 The alternatives in <rng:choice> -- mapped from either the 'case'
 statement or a shorthand case -- MUST NOT be defined as optional.

10.9. The 'config' Statement

 This statement is mapped to the @nma:config attribute, and ARGUMENT
 becomes its value.

10.10. The 'contact' Statement

 This statement SHOULD NOT be used by the mapping since the hybrid
 schema may be mapped from multiple YANG modules created by different
 authors.  The hybrid schema contains references to all input modules
 in the Dublin Core elements <dc:source>, see Section 10.34.  The
 original YANG modules are the authoritative sources of the authorship
 information.

10.11. The 'container' Statement

 Using the rules specified in Section 9.1.1, the mapping algorithm
 MUST determine whether the statement defines an optional container,
 and if so, insert the <rng:optional> element and make it the new
 PARENT.
 The container defined by this statement is then mapped to the <rng:
 element> element, which becomes a child of PARENT and uses ARGUMENT
 with prepended local namespace prefix as the value of its @name
 attribute.
 Finally, using the rules specified in Section 9.1.2, the mapping
 algorithm MUST determine whether the container is implicit, and if
 so, add the attribute @nma:implicit with the value of "true" to the
 <rng:element> element.

10.12. The 'default' Statement

 If this statement is a substatement of 'leaf', it is mapped to the
 @nma:default attribute of PARENT and ARGUMENT becomes its value.
 As a substatement of 'typedef', the 'default' statement is also
 mapped to the @nma:default attribute with the value of ARGUMENT.  The
 placement of this attribute depends on whether or not the type
 definition has to be expanded when it is used:

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 o  If the type definition is not expanded, @nma:default becomes an
    attribute of the <rng:define> pattern resulting from the parent
    'typedef' mapping.
 o  Otherwise, @nma:default becomes an attribute of the ancestor RELAX
    NG pattern inside which the expansion takes place.
 Details and an example are given in Section 9.2.2.
 Finally, as a substatement of 'choice', the 'default' statement
 identifies the default case and is handled within the 'case'
 statement, see Section 10.7.  If the default case uses the shorthand
 notation where the 'case' statement is omitted, the @nma:implicit
 attribute with the value of "true" is either attached to the node
 representing the default case in the shorthand notation or,
 alternatively, an extra <rng:group> element MAY be inserted and the
 @nma:implicit attribute attached to it.  In the latter case, the net
 result is the same as if the 'case' statement wasn't omitted for the
 default case.
 EXAMPLE.  The following 'choice' statement in a module with namespace
 prefix "yam"
 choice leaves {
     default feuille;
     leaf feuille { type empty; }
     leaf hoja { type empty; }
 }
 is either mapped directly to:
 <rng:choice>
   <rng:element name="yam:feuille" nma:implicit="true">
     <rng:empty/>
   </rng:element>
   <rng:element name="yam:hoja">
     <rng:empty/>
   </rng:element/>
 </rng:choice>

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 or the default case may be wrapped in an extra <rng:group>:
 <rng:choice>
   <rng:group nma:implicit="true">
     <rng:element name="yam:feuille">
       <rng:empty/>
     </rng:element>
   </rng:group>
   <rng:element name="yam:hoja">
     <rng:empty/>
   </rng:element/>
 </rng:choice>

10.13. The 'description' Statement

 This statement is mapped to the DTD compatibility element
 <a:documentation> and ARGUMENT becomes its text.
 In order to get properly formatted in the RELAX NG compact syntax,
 this element SHOULD be inserted as the first child of PARENT.

10.14. The 'deviation' Statement

 This statement is ignored.  However, it is assumed that all
 deviations are known beforehand and the corresponding changes have
 already been applied to the input YANG modules.

10.15. The 'enum' Statement

 This statement is mapped to the <rng:value> element, and ARGUMENT
 becomes its text.  All substatements except 'status' are ignored
 because the <rng:value> element cannot contain annotation elements,
 see [RNG], Section 6.

10.16. The 'error-app-tag' Statement

 This statement is ignored unless it is a substatement of 'must'.  In
 the latter case, it is mapped to the <nma:error-app-tag> element.
 See also Section 10.35.

10.17. The 'error-message' Statement

 This statement is ignored unless it is a substatement of 'must'.  In
 the latter case, it is mapped to the <nma:error-message> element.
 See also Section 10.35.

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10.18. The 'extension' Statement

 This statement is ignored.  However, extensions to the YANG language
 MAY be mapped as described in Section 9.4.

10.19. The 'feature' Statement

 This statement is ignored.

10.20. The 'grouping' Statement

 This statement is mapped to a RELAX NG named pattern definition <rng:
 define>, but only if the grouping defined by this statement is used
 without refinements and augments in at least one of the input
 modules.  In this case, the named pattern definition becomes a child
 of the <rng:grammar> element and its name is ARGUMENT mangled
 according to the rules specified in Section 9.2.
 As explained in Section 8.2, a named pattern definition MUST be
 placed:
 o  as a child of the root <rng:grammar> element if the corresponding
    grouping is defined at the top level of an input YANG module;
 o  otherwise as a child of the embedded <rng:grammar> element
    corresponding to the module in which the grouping is defined.
 Whenever a grouping is used with refinements and/or augments, it is
 expanded so that the refinements and augments may be applied in place
 to the prescribed schema nodes.  See Section 9.2.1 for further
 details and an example.
 An implementation MAY offer the option of mapping all 'grouping'
 statements as named pattern definitions in the output RELAX NG schema
 even if they are not referenced.  This is useful for mapping YANG
 "library" modules that typically contain only 'typedef' and/or
 'grouping' statements.

10.21. The 'identity' Statement

 This statement is mapped to the following named pattern definition
 which is placed as a child of the root <rng:grammar> element:

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 <rng:define name="__PREFIX_ARGUMENT">
   <rng:choice>
     <rng:value type="QName">PREFIX:ARGUMENT</rng:value>
     <rng:ref name="IDENTITY1"/>
     ...
   </rng:choice>
 </rng:define>
 where:
    PREFIX is the prefix used in the hybrid schema for the namespace
    of the module where the current identity is defined.
    IDENTITY1 is the name of the named pattern corresponding to an
    identity that is derived from the current identity.  Exactly one
    <rng:ref> element MUST be present for every such identity.
 EXAMPLE ([RFC6020], Section 7.16.3).  Consider the following
 identities defined in two input YANG modules:
 module crypto-base {
   namespace "http://example.com/crypto-base";
   prefix "crypto";
   identity crypto-alg {
     description
       "Base identity from which all crypto algorithms
        are derived.";
     }
 }
 module des {
   namespace "http://example.com/des";
   prefix "des";
   import "crypto-base" {
     prefix "crypto";
   }
   identity des {
     base "crypto:crypto-alg";
     description "DES crypto algorithm";
   }
   identity des3 {
     base "crypto:crypto-alg";
     description "Triple DES crypto algorithm";
   }
 }

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 44] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 The identities will be mapped to the following named pattern
 definitions:
 <define name="__crypto_crypto-alg">
   <choice>
     <value type="QName">crypto:crypto-alg</value>
     <ref name="__des_des"/>
     <ref name="__des_des3"/>
   </choice>
 </define>
 <define name="__des_des">
   <value type="QName">des:des</value>
 </define>
 <define name="__des_des3">
   <value type="QName">des:des3</value>
 </define>

10.22. The 'if-feature' Statement

 ARGUMENT together with arguments of all sibling 'if-feature'
 statements (with added prefixes, if missing) MUST be collected in a
 space-separated list that becomes the value of the @nma:if-feature
 attribute.  This attribute is attached to PARENT.

10.23. The 'import' Statement

 This statement is not specifically mapped.  The module whose name is
 in ARGUMENT has to be parsed so that the importing module is able to
 use its top-level groupings, typedefs and identities, and also
 augment the data tree of the imported module.
 If the 'import' statement has the 'revision' substatement, the
 corresponding revision of the imported module MUST be used.  The
 mechanism for finding a given module revision is outside the scope of
 this document.

10.24. The 'include' Statement

 This statement is not specifically mapped.  The submodule whose name
 is in ARGUMENT has to be parsed and its contents mapped exactly as if
 the submodule text appeared directly in the main module text.
 If the 'include' statement has the 'revision' substatement, the
 corresponding revision of the submodule MUST be used.  The mechanism
 for finding a given submodule revision is outside the scope of this
 document.

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 45] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

10.25. The 'input' Statement

 This statement is handled within 'rpc' statement, see Section 10.50.

10.26. The 'key' Statement

 This statement is mapped to @nma:key attribute.  ARGUMENT MUST be
 translated so that every key is prefixed with the namespace prefix of
 the local module.  The result of this translation then becomes the
 value of the @nma:key attribute.

10.27. The 'leaf' Statement

 This statement is mapped to the <rng:element> element and ARGUMENT
 with prepended local namespace prefix becomes the value of its @name
 attribute.
 If the leaf is optional, i.e., if there is no "mandatory true;"
 substatement and the leaf is not declared among the keys of an
 enclosing list, then the <rng:element> element MUST be enclosed in
 <rng:optional>, except when the 'leaf' statement is a child of the
 'choice' statement and thus represents a shorthand case for that
 choice (see Section 9.1.1 for details).

10.28. The 'leaf-list' Statement

 This statement is mapped to a block enclosed by either the <rng:
 zeroOrMore> or the <rng:oneOrMore> element depending on whether the
 argument of 'min-elements' substatement is "0" or positive,
 respectively (it is zero by default).  This <rng:zeroOrMore> or <rng:
 oneOrMore> element becomes the PARENT.
 <rng:element> is then added as a child element of PARENT and ARGUMENT
 with prepended local namespace prefix becomes the value of its @name
 attribute.  Another attribute, @nma:leaf-list, MUST also be added to
 this <rng:element> element with the value of "true".  If the 'leaf-
 list' statement has the 'min-elements' substatement and its argument
 is greater than one, additional attribute @nma:min-elements is
 attached to <rng:element> and the argument of 'min-elements' becomes
 the value of this attribute.  Similarly, if there is the 'max-
 elements' substatement and its argument value is not "unbounded",
 attribute @nma:max-elements is attached to this element and the
 argument of 'max-elements' becomes the value of this attribute.

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 EXAMPLE.  Consider the following 'leaf-list' appearing in a module
 with the namespace prefix "yam":
 leaf-list foliage {
     min-elements 3;
     max-elements 6378;
     ordered-by user;
     type string;
 }
 It is mapped to the following RELAX NG fragment:
 <rng:oneOrMore>
   <rng:element name="yam:foliage" nma:leaf-list="true"
                nma:ordered-by="user"
                nma:min-elements="3" nma:max-elements="6378">
     <rng:data type="string"/>
   </rng:element>
 </rng:oneOrMore>

10.29. The 'length' Statement

 This statement is handled within the "string" type, see
 Section 10.53.10.

10.30. The 'list' Statement

 This statement is mapped exactly as the 'leaf-list' statement, see
 Section 10.28.  The only difference is that the @nma:leaf-list
 annotation either MUST NOT be present or MUST have the value of
 "false".
 When mapping the substatements of 'list', the order of children of
 the list element MUST be specified so that list keys, if there are
 any, always appear in the same order as they are defined in the 'key'
 substatement and before other children, see [RFC6020], Section 7.8.5.
 In particular, if a list key is defined in a grouping but the list
 node itself is not a part of the same grouping, and the position of
 the 'uses' statement would violate the above ordering requirement,
 the grouping MUST be expanded, i.e., the 'uses' statement replaced by
 the grouping contents.
 For example, consider the following YANG fragment of a module with
 the prefix "yam":

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 grouping keygrp {
   leaf clef {
     type uint8;
   }
 }
 list foo {
   key clef;
   leaf bar {
     type string;
   }
   leaf baz {
     type string;
   }
   uses keygrp;
 }
 It is mapped to the following RELAX NG fragment:
 <rng:zeroOrMore>
   <rng:element name="yam:foo" nma:key="yam:clef">
     <rng:element name="yam:clef">
       <rng:data type="unsignedByte"/>
     </rng:element>
     <rng:interleave>
       <rng:element name="yam:bar">
         <rng:data type="string"/>
       </rng:element>
       <rng:element name="yam:baz">
         <rng:data type="string"/>
       </rng:element>
     </rng:interleave>
   </rng:element>
 </rng:zeroOrMore>
 Note that the "keygrp" grouping is expanded and the definition of
 "yam:clef" is moved before the <rng:interleave> pattern.

10.31. The 'mandatory' Statement

 This statement may appear as a substatement of 'leaf', 'choice', or
 'anyxml' statement.  If ARGUMENT is "true", the parent data node is
 mapped as mandatory, see Section 9.1.1.
 As a substatement of 'choice', this statement is also mapped to the
 @nma:mandatory attribute, which is added to PARENT.  The value of
 this attribute is the argument of the parent 'choice' statement.

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10.32. The 'max-elements' Statement

 This statement is handled within 'leaf-list' or 'list' statements,
 see Section 10.28.

10.33. The 'min-elements' Statement

 This statement is handled within 'leaf-list' or 'list' statements,
 see Section 10.28.

10.34. The 'module' Statement

 This statement is mapped to an embedded <rng:grammar> pattern having
 the @nma:module attribute with the value of ARGUMENT.  In addition, a
 <dc:source> element SHOULD be created as a child of this <rng:
 grammar> element and contain ARGUMENT as a metadata reference to the
 input YANG module.  See also Section 10.49.
 Substatements of the 'module' statement MUST be mapped so that:
 o  statements representing configuration/state data are mapped to
    descendants of the <nma:data> element;
 o  statements representing the contents of RPC requests or replies
    are mapped to descendants of the <nma:rpcs> element;
 o  statements representing the contents of event notifications are
    mapped to descendants of the <nma:notifications> element.

10.35. The 'must' Statement

 This statement is mapped to the <nma:must> element.  It has one
 mandatory attribute @assert (with no namespace) that contains
 ARGUMENT transformed into a valid XPath expression (see Section 9.3).
 The <nma:must> element may have other subelements resulting from
 mapping the 'error-app-tag' and 'error-message' substatements.  Other
 substatements of 'must', i.e., 'description' and 'reference', are
 ignored.
 EXAMPLE.  YANG statement in the "dhcp" module
 must 'current() <= ../max-lease-time' {
     error-message
         "The default-lease-time must be less than max-lease-time";
 }

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 is mapped to:
 <nma:must assert="current()&lt;=../dhcp:max-lease-time">
   <nma:error-message>
     The default-lease-time must be less than max-lease-time
   </nma:error-message>
 </nma:must>

10.36. The 'namespace' Statement

 This statement is mapped simultaneously in two ways:
 1.  to the @xmlns:PREFIX attribute of the root <rng:grammar> element
     where PREFIX is the namespace prefix specified by the sibling
     'prefix' statement.  ARGUMENT becomes the value of this
     attribute;
 2.  to the @ns attribute of PARENT, which is an embedded <rng:
     grammar> pattern.  ARGUMENT becomes the value of this attribute.

10.37. The 'notification' Statement

 This statement is mapped to the following subtree of the <nma:
 notifications> element in the hybrid schema (where PREFIX is the
 prefix of the local YANG module):
 <nma:notification>
   <rng:element name="PREFIX:ARGUMENT">
     ...
   </rng:element>
 </nma:notification>
 Substatements of 'notification' are mapped under <rng:element
 name="PREFIX:ARGUMENT">.

10.38. The 'ordered-by' Statement

 This statement is mapped to @nma:ordered-by attribute and ARGUMENT
 becomes the value of this attribute.  See Section 10.28 for an
 example.

10.39. The 'organization' Statement

 This statement is ignored by the mapping because the hybrid schema
 may be mapped from multiple YANG modules authored by different
 parties.  The hybrid schema SHOULD contain references to all input
 modules in the Dublin Core <dc:source> elements, see Section 10.34.

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 The original YANG modules are the authoritative sources of the
 authorship information.

10.40. The 'output' Statement

 This statement is handled within the 'rpc' statement, see
 Section 10.50.

10.41. The 'path' Statement

 This statement is handled within the "leafref" type, see
 Section 10.53.8.

10.42. The 'pattern' Statement

 This statement is handled within the "string" type, see
 Section 10.53.10.

10.43. The 'position' Statement

 This statement is ignored.

10.44. The 'prefix' Statement

 This statement is handled within the sibling 'namespace' statement,
 see Section 10.36, or within the parent 'import' statement, see
 Section 10.23.  As a substatement of 'belongs-to' (in submodules),
 the 'prefix' statement is ignored.

10.45. The 'presence' Statement

 This statement influences the mapping of the parent container
 (Section 10.11): the parent container definition MUST be wrapped in
 <rng:optional>, regardless of its contents.  See also Section 9.1.1.

10.46. The 'range' Statement

 This statement is handled within numeric types, see Section 10.53.9.

10.47. The 'reference' Statement

 This statement is mapped to <a:documentation> element and its text is
 set to ARGUMENT prefixed with "See: ".

10.48. The 'require-instance' Statement

 This statement is handled within "instance-identifier" type
 (Section 10.53.7).

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10.49. The 'revision' Statement

 The mapping uses only the most recent instance of the 'revision'
 statement, i.e., one with the latest date in ARGUMENT, which
 specifies the current revision of the input YANG module [RFC6020].
 This date SHOULD be recorded, together with the name of the YANG
 module, in the corresponding Dublin Core <dc:source> element (see
 Section 10.34), for example in this form:
 <dc:source>YANG module 'foo', revision 2010-03-02</dc:source>
 The 'description' substatement of 'revision' is ignored.

10.50. The 'rpc' Statement

 This statement is mapped to the following subtree in the RELAX NG
 schema (where PREFIX is the prefix of the local YANG module):
 <nma:rpc>
   <nma:input>
     <rng:element name="PREFIX:ARGUMENT">
       ... mapped contents of 'input' ...
     </rng:element>
   </nma:input>
   <nma:output">
     ... mapped contents of 'output' ...
   </nma:output>
 </nma:rpc>
 As indicated in the schema fragment, contents of the 'input'
 substatement (if any) are mapped under <rng:element name="PREFIX:
 ARGUMENT">.  Similarly, contents of the 'output' substatement are
 mapped under <nma:output>.  If there is no 'output' substatement, the
 <nma:output> element MUST NOT be present.
 The <nma:rpc> element is a child of <nma:rpcs>.

10.51. The 'status' Statement

 This statement MAY be ignored.  Otherwise, it is mapped to @nma:
 status attribute and ARGUMENT becomes its value.

10.52. The 'submodule' Statement

 This statement is not specifically mapped.  Its substatements are
 mapped as if they appeared directly in the module to which the
 submodule belongs.

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10.53. The 'type' Statement

 Most YANG built-in data types have an equivalent in the XSD data type
 library [XSD-D] as shown in Table 4.
    +-----------+---------------+--------------------------------+
    | YANG type | XSD type      | Meaning                        |
    +-----------+---------------+--------------------------------+
    | int8      | byte          | 8-bit integer value            |
    |           |               |                                |
    | int16     | short         | 16-bit integer value           |
    |           |               |                                |
    | int32     | int           | 32-bit integer value           |
    |           |               |                                |
    | int64     | long          | 64-bit integer value           |
    |           |               |                                |
    | uint8     | unsignedByte  | 8-bit unsigned integer value   |
    |           |               |                                |
    | uint16    | unsignedShort | 16-bit unsigned integer value  |
    |           |               |                                |
    | uint32    | unsignedInt   | 32-bit unsigned integer value  |
    |           |               |                                |
    | uint64    | unsignedLong  | 64-bit unsigned integer value  |
    |           |               |                                |
    | string    | string        | character string               |
    |           |               |                                |
    | binary    | base64Binary  | binary data in base64 encoding |
    +-----------+---------------+--------------------------------+
   Table 4: YANG built-in data types with equivalents in the W3C XML
                          Schema Type Library
 Two important data types of the XSD data type library -- "dateTime"
 and "anyURI" -- are not built-in types in YANG but instead are
 defined as derived types in the standard modules [RFC6021]: "date-
 and-time" in the "ietf-yang-types" module and "uri" in the "ietf-
 inet-types" module.  However, the formal restrictions in the YANG
 type definitions are rather weak.  Therefore, implementations of the
 YANG-to-DSDL mapping SHOULD detect these derived types in source YANG
 modules and map them to "dateType" and "anyURI", respectively.
 Details about the mapping of individual YANG built-in types are given
 in the following subsections.

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10.53.1. The "empty" Type

 This type is mapped to <rng:empty/>.

10.53.2. The "boolean" Type

 This built-in type does not allow any restrictions and is mapped to
 the following XML fragment:
 <rng:choice>
   <rng:value>true</rng:value>
   <rng:value>false</rng:value>
 </rng:choice>
 Note that the XSD "boolean" type cannot be used here because it
 allows, unlike YANG, an alternative numeric representation of boolean
 values: 0 for "false" and 1 for "true".

10.53.3. The "binary" Type

 This built-in type does not allow any restrictions and is mapped
 simply by inserting an <rng:data> element whose @type attribute value
 is set to "base64Binary" (see also Table 4).

10.53.4. The "bits" Type

 This type is mapped to the <rng:list> and for each 'bit' substatement
 the following XML fragment is inserted as a child of <rng:list>:
 <rng:optional>
   <rng:value>bit_name</rng:value>
 </rng:optional>
 where bit_name is the name of the bit as found in the argument of a
 'bit' substatement.

10.53.5. The "enumeration" and "union" Types

 These types are mapped to the <rng:choice> element.

10.53.6. The "identityref" Type

 This type is mapped to the following named pattern reference:
 <rng:ref name="__PREFIX_BASE"/>
 where PREFIX:BASE is the qualified name of the identity appearing in
 the argument of the 'base' substatement.

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 For example, assume that module "des" in Section 10.21 contains the
 following leaf definition:
 leaf foo {
   type identityref {
     base crypto:crypto-alg;
   }
 }
 This leaf would then be mapped to the following element pattern:
 <element name="des:foo">
   <ref name="__crypto_crypto-alg"/>
 </element>

10.53.7. The "instance-identifier" Type

 This type is mapped to <rng:data> element with @type attribute set to
 "string".  In addition, an empty <nma:instance-identifier> element
 MUST be inserted as a child of PARENT.
 The argument of the 'require-instance' substatement, if it exists,
 becomes the value of the @require-instance attribute of the <nma:
 instance-identifier> element.

10.53.8. The "leafref" Type

 This type is mapped exactly as the type of the leaf given in the
 argument of 'path' substatement.  However, if the type of the
 referred leaf defines a default value, this default value MUST be
 ignored by the mapping.
 In addition, @nma:leafref attribute MUST be added to PARENT.  The
 argument of the 'path' substatement, translated according to
 Section 9.3, is set as the value of this attribute.

10.53.9. The Numeric Types

 YANG built-in numeric types are "int8", "int16", "int32", "int64",
 "uint8", "uint16", "uint32", "uint64", and "decimal64".  They are
 mapped to the <rng:data> element with the @type attribute set to
 ARGUMENT translated according to Table 4 above.
 An exception is the "decimal64" type, which is mapped to the
 "decimal" type of the XSD data type library.  Its precision and
 number of fractional digits are controlled with the following facets,
 which MUST always be present:

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 o  "totalDigits" facet set to the value of 19.
 o  "fractionDigits" facet set to the argument of the 'fraction-
    digits' substatement.
 The fixed value of "totalDigits" corresponds to the maximum of 19
 decimal digits for 64-bit integers.
 For example, the statement:
 type decimal64 {
     fraction-digits 2;
 }
 is mapped to the following RELAX NG data type:
 <rng:data type="decimal">
   <rng:param name="totalDigits">19</rng:param>
   <rng:param name="fractionDigits">2</rng:param>
 </rng:data>
 All numeric types support the 'range' restriction, which is mapped as
 follows:
 If the range expression consists of just a single range LO..HI, then
 it is mapped to a pair of data type facets:
       <rng:param name="minInclusive">LO</rng:param>
 and
        <rng:param name="maxInclusive">HI</rng:param>
 If the range consists of a single number, the values of both facets
 are set to this value.  If LO is equal to the string "min", the
 "minInclusive" facet is omitted.  If HI is equal to the string "max",
 the "maxInclusive" facet is omitted.
 If the range expression has multiple parts separated by "|", then the
 parent <rng:data> element must be repeated once for every range part
 and all such <rng:data> elements are wrapped in <rng:choice> element.
 Each <rng:data> element contains the "minInclusive" and
 "maxInclusive" facets for one part of the range expression as
 described in the previous paragraph.
 For the "decimal64" type, the "totalDigits" and "fractionDigits" must
 be repeated inside each of the <rng:data> elements.

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 For example,
 type int32 {
     range "-6378..0|42|100..max";
 }
 is mapped to the following RELAX NG fragment:
 <rng:choice>
   <rng:data type="int">
     <rng:param name="minInclusive">-6378</rng:param>
     <rng:param name="maxInclusive">0</rng:param>
   </rng:data>
   <rng:data type="int">
     <rng:param name="minInclusive">42</rng:param>
     <rng:param name="maxInclusive">42</rng:param>
   </rng:data>
   <rng:data type="int">
     <rng:param name="minInclusive">100</rng:param>
   </rng:data>
 </rng:choice>
 See Section 9.2.2 for further details on mapping the restrictions.

10.53.10. The "string" Type

 This type is mapped to the <rng:data> element with the @type
 attribute set to "string".
 The 'length' restriction is handled analogically to the 'range'
 restriction for the numeric types (Section 10.53.9):
 If the length expression has just a single range:
 o  and if the length range consists of a single number LENGTH, the
    following data type facet is inserted:
       <rng:param name="length">LENGTH</rng:param>.
 o  if the length range is of the form LO..HI, i.e., it consists of
    both the lower and upper bound.  The following two data type
    facets are then inserted:
       <rng:param name="minLength">LO</rng:param>
 and
       <rng:param name="maxLength">HI</rng:param>

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 If LO is equal to the string "min", the "minLength" facet is omitted.
 If HI is equal to the string "max", the "maxLength" facet is omitted.
 If the length expression has of multiple parts separated by "|", then
 the parent <rng:data> element must be repeated once for every range
 part and all such <rng:data> elements are wrapped in <rng:choice>
 element.  Each <rng:data> element contains the "length" or
 "minLength" and "maxLength" facets for one part of the length
 expression as described in the previous paragraph.
 Every 'pattern' restriction of the "string" data type is mapped to
 the "pattern" facet:
 <rng:param name="pattern">...</rng:param>
 with text equal to the argument of the 'pattern' statement.  All such
 "pattern" facets must be repeated inside each copy of the <rng:data>
 element, i.e., once for each length range.
 For example,
 type string {
     length "1|3..8";
     pattern "[A-Z][a-z]*";
 }
 is mapped to the following RELAX NG fragment:
 <rng:choice>
   <rng:data type="string">
     <rng:param name="length">1</rng:param>
     <rng:param name="pattern">[A-Z][a-z]*</rng:param>
   </rng:data>
   <rng:data type="string">
     <rng:param name="minLength">3</rng:param>
     <rng:param name="maxLength">8</rng:param>
     <rng:param name="pattern">[A-Z][a-z]*</rng:param>
   </rng:data>
 </rng:choice>

10.53.11. Derived Types

 If the 'type' statement refers to a derived type, it is mapped in one
 of the following ways depending on whether it contains any
 restrictions as its substatements:

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 1.  Without restrictions, the 'type' statement is mapped simply to
     the <rng:ref> element, i.e., a reference to a named pattern.  If
     the RELAX NG definition of this named pattern has not been added
     to the hybrid schema yet, the corresponding type definition MUST
     be found and its mapping installed as a subelement of either the
     root or an embedded <rng:grammar> element, see Section 10.54.
     Even if a given derived type is used more than once in the input
     YANG modules, the mapping of the corresponding 'typedef' MUST be
     installed only once.
 2.  If any restrictions are present, the ancestor built-in type for
     the given derived type must be determined and the mapping of this
     base type MUST be used.  Restrictions appearing at all stages of
     the type derivation chain MUST be taken into account and their
     conjunction added to the <rng:data> element that defines the
     basic type.
 See Section 9.2.2 for more details and an example.

10.54. The 'typedef' Statement

 This statement is mapped to a RELAX NG named pattern definition <rng:
 define>, but only if the type defined by this statement is used
 without restrictions in at least one of the input modules.  In this
 case, the named pattern definition becomes a child of either the root
 or an embedded <rng:grammar> element, depending on whether or not the
 'typedef' statement appears at the top level of a YANG module.  The
 name of this named pattern definition is set to ARGUMENT mangled
 according to the rules specified in Section 9.2.
 Whenever a derived type is used with additional restrictions, the
 ancestor built-in type for the derived type is used instead with
 restrictions (facets) that are a combination of all restrictions
 specified along the type derivation chain.  See Section 10.53.11 for
 further details and an example.
 An implementation MAY offer the option of recording all 'typedef'
 statements as named patterns in the output RELAX NG schema even if
 they are not referenced.  This is useful for mapping YANG "library"
 modules containing only 'typedef' and/or 'grouping' statements.

10.55. The 'unique' Statement

 This statement is mapped to the @nma:unique attribute.  ARGUMENT MUST
 be translated so that every node identifier in each of its components
 is prefixed with the namespace prefix of the local module, unless the
 prefix is already present.  The result of this translation then
 becomes the value of the @nma:unique attribute.

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 For example, assuming that the local module prefix is "ex",
 unique "foo ex:bar/baz"
 is mapped to the following attribute/value pair:
 nma:unique="ex:foo ex:bar/ex:baz"

10.56. The 'units' Statement

 This statement is mapped to the @nma:units attribute and ARGUMENT
 becomes its value.

10.57. The 'uses' Statement

 If this statement has neither 'refine' nor 'augment' substatements,
 it is mapped to the <rng:ref> element, i.e., a reference to a named
 pattern, and the value of its @name attribute is set to ARGUMENT
 mangled according to Section 9.2.  If the RELAX NG definition of the
 referenced named pattern has not been added to the hybrid schema yet,
 the corresponding grouping MUST be found and its mapping installed as
 a subelement of <rng:grammar>, see Section 10.20.
 Otherwise, if the 'uses' statement has any 'refine' or 'augment'
 substatements, the corresponding grouping must be looked up and its
 contents inserted under PARENT.  See Section 9.2.1 for further
 details and an example.

10.58. The 'value' Statement

 This statement is ignored.

10.59. The 'when' Statement

 This statement is mapped to the @nma:when attribute and ARGUMENT,
 translated according to Section 9.3, becomes it value.

10.60. The 'yang-version' Statement

 This statement is not mapped to the output schema.  However, an
 implementation SHOULD check that it is compatible with the YANG
 version declared by the statement (currently version 1).  In the case
 of a mismatch, the implementation SHOULD report an error and
 terminate.

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10.61. The 'yin-element' Statement

 This statement is not mapped to the output schema, but see the rules
 for extension handling in Section 9.4.

11. Mapping the Hybrid Schema to DSDL

 As explained in Section 6, the second step of the YANG-to-DSDL
 mapping takes the hybrid schema and transforms it to various DSDL
 schemas capable of validating instance XML documents.  As an input
 parameter, this step takes, in the simplest case, just a
 specification of the NETCONF XML document type that is to be
 validated.  These document types can be, for example, the contents of
 a datastore, a reply to <nc:get> or <nc:get-config>, contents of
 other RPC requests/replies and event notifications, and so on.
 The second mapping step has to accomplish the following three general
 tasks:
 1.  Extract the parts of the hybrid schema that are appropriate for
     the requested document type.  For example, if a <nc:get> reply is
     to be validated, the subtree under <nma:data> has to be selected.
 2.  The schema must be adapted to the specific encapsulating XML
     elements mandated by the RPC layer.  These are, for example, <nc:
     rpc> and <nc:data> elements in the case of a <nc:get> reply or
     <en:notification> for a notification.
 3.  Finally, NETMOD-specific annotations that are relevant for the
     schema language of the generated schema must be mapped to the
     corresponding patterns or rules.
 These three tasks are together much simpler than the first mapping
 step and can be effectively implemented using XSL transformations
 [XSLT].
 The following subsections describe the details of the second mapping
 step for the individual DSDL schema languages.  Section 12 then
 contains a detailed specification for the mapping of all NETMOD-
 specific annotations.

11.1. Generating RELAX NG Schemas for Various Document Types

 With one minor exception, obtaining a validating RELAX NG schema from
 the hybrid schema only means taking appropriate parts of the hybrid
 schema and assembling them in a new RELAX NG grammar, perhaps after
 removing all unwanted annotations.

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 The structure of the resulting RELAX NG schema is similar to that of
 the hybrid schema: the root grammar contains embedded grammars, one
 for each input YANG module.  However, as explained in Section 8.2,
 global named pattern definitions (children of the root <rng:grammar>
 element) MUST be moved to a separate schema file.
 Depending on the XML document type that is the target for validation,
 such as <nc:get> or <nc:get-config> reply, RPC operations or
 notifications, patterns defining corresponding top-level information
 items MUST be added, such as <nc:rpc-reply> with the @message-id
 attribute and so on.
 In order to avoid copying common named pattern definitions for common
 NETCONF elements and attributes to every single output RELAX NG file,
 such schema-independent definitions SHOULD be collected in a library
 file that is then included by the validating RELAX NG schemas.
 Appendix B has the listing of such a library file.
 The minor exception mentioned above is the annotation @nma:config,
 which must be observed if the target document type is a reply to <nc:
 get-config>.  In this case, each element definition that has this
 attribute with the value of "false" MUST be removed from the schema
 together with its descendants.  See Section 12.1 for more details.

11.2. Mapping Semantic Constraints to Schematron

 Schematron schemas tend to be much flatter and more uniform compared
 to RELAX NG.  They have exactly four levels of XML hierarchy: <sch:
 schema>, <sch:pattern>, <sch:rule>, and <sch:assert> or <sch:report>.
 In a Schematron schema generated by the second mapping step, the
 basic unit of organization is a rule represented by the <sch:rule>
 element.  The following NETMOD-specific annotations from the hybrid
 schema (henceforth called "semantic annotations") are mapped to
 corresponding Schematron rules: <nma:must>, @nma:key, @nma:unique,
 @nma:max-elements, @nma:min-elements, @nma:when, @nma:leafref, @nma:
 leaf-list, and also @nma:mandatory appearing as an attribute of <rng:
 choice> (see Section 11.2.1).
 Each input YANG module is mapped to a Schematron pattern whose @id
 attribute is set to the module name.  Every <rng:element> pattern
 containing at least one of the above-mentioned semantic annotations
 is then mapped to a Schematron rule:
 <sch:rule context="XELEM">
   ...
 </sch:rule>

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 62] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 The value of the mandatory @context attribute of <sch:rule> (denoted
 as XELEM) MUST be set to the absolute path of the context element in
 the data tree.  The <sch:rule> element contains the mappings of all
 contained semantic annotations in the form of Schematron asserts or
 reports.
 Semantic annotations appearing inside a named pattern definition
 (i.e., having <rng:define> among its ancestors) require special
 treatment because they may be potentially used in different contexts.
 This is accomplished by using Schematron abstract patterns that use
 the "$pref" variable in place of the local namespace prefix.  The
 value of the @id attribute of such an abstract pattern MUST be set to
 the name of the named pattern definition that is being mapped (i.e.,
 the mangled name of the original YANG grouping).
 When the abstract pattern is instantiated, the values of the
 following two parameters MUST be provided:
 o  pref: the actual namespace prefix,
 o  start: XPath expression defining the context in which the grouping
    is used.
 EXAMPLE.  Consider the following YANG module:
 module example4 {
   namespace "http://example.com/ns/example4";
   prefix ex4;
   uses sorted-leaf-list;
   grouping sorted-leaf-list {
     leaf-list sorted-entry {
       must "not(preceding-sibling::sorted-entry > .)" {
         error-message "Entries must appear in ascending order.";
       }
       type uint8;
     }
   }
 }

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 The resulting Schematron schema for a reply to <nc:get> is then as
 follows:
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <sch:schema xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
   <sch:ns uri="http://example.com/ns/example4" prefix="ex4"/>
   <sch:ns uri="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0"
           prefix="nc"/>
   <sch:pattern abstract="true"
                id="_example4__sorted-leaf-list">
     <sch:rule context="$start/$pref:sorted-entry">
       <sch:report
           test=". = preceding-sibling::$pref:sorted-entry">
         Duplicate leaf-list entry "<sch:value-of select="."/>".
       </sch:report>
       <sch:assert
           test="not(preceding-sibling::$pref:sorted-entry &gt; .)">
         Entries must appear in ascending order.
       </sch:assert>
     </sch:rule>
   </sch:pattern>
   <sch:pattern id="example4"/>
   <sch:pattern id="id2573371" is-a="_example4__sorted-leaf-list">
     <sch:param name="start" value="/nc:rpc-reply/nc:data"/>
     <sch:param name="pref" value="ex4"/>
   </sch:pattern>
 </sch:schema>
 The "sorted-leaf-list" grouping from the input module is mapped to an
 abstract pattern with an @id value of "_example4__sorted-leaf-list"
 in which the 'must' statement corresponds to the <sch:assert>
 element.  The abstract pattern is the instantiated by the pattern
 with an @id value of "id2573371", which sets the "start" and "pref"
 parameters to appropriate values.
 Note that another Schematron element, <sch:report>, was automatically
 added, checking for duplicate leaf-list entries.
 The mapping from the hybrid schema to Schematron proceeds in the
 following steps:
 1.  First, the active subtree(s) of the hybrid schema must be
     selected depending on the requested target document type.  This
     procedure is identical to the RELAX NG case, including the
     handling of @nma:config if the target document type is <nc:get-
     config> reply.

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 64] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 2.  Namespaces of all input YANG modules, together with the
     namespaces of base NETCONF ("nc" prefix) or notifications ("en"
     prefix) MUST be declared using the <sch:ns> element, for example:
 <sch:ns uri="http://example.com/ns/example4" prefix="ex4"/>
 3.  One pattern is created for every input module.  In addition, an
     abstract pattern is created for every named pattern definition
     containing one or more semantic annotations.
 4.  A <sch:rule> element is created for each element pattern
     containing semantic annotations.
 5.  Every such annotation is then mapped to an <sch:assert> or <sch:
     report> element, which is installed as a child of the <sch:rule>
     element.

11.2.1. Constraints on Mandatory Choice

 In order to fully represent the semantics of YANG's 'choice'
 statement with the "mandatory true;" substatement, the RELAX NG
 grammar has to be combined with a special Schematron rule.
 EXAMPLE.  Consider the following module:
 module example5 {
     namespace "http://example.com/ns/example5";
     prefix ex5;
     choice foobar {
         mandatory true;
         case foo {
             leaf foo1 {
                 type uint8;
             }
             leaf foo2 {
                 type uint8;
             }
         }
         leaf bar {
             type uint8;
         }
     }
 }

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 In this module, all three leaf nodes in both case branches are
 optional but because of the "mandatory true;" statement, at least one
 of them must be present in a valid configuration.  The 'choice'
 statement from this module is mapped to the following fragment of the
 RELAX NG schema:
 <rng:choice>
   <rng:interleave>
     <rng:optional>
       <rng:element name="ex5:foo1">
         <rng:data type="unsignedByte"/>
       </rng:element>
     </rng:optional>
     <rng:optional>
       <rng:element name="ex5:foo2">
         <rng:data type="unsignedByte"/>
       </rng:element>
     </rng:optional>
   </rng:interleave>
   <rng:element name="ex5:bar">
     <rng:data type="unsignedByte"/>
   </rng:element>
 </rng:choice>
 In the second case branch, the "ex5:bar" element is defined as
 mandatory so that this element must be present in a valid
 configuration if this branch is selected.  However, the two elements
 in the first branch "foo" cannot be both declared as mandatory since
 each of them alone suffices for a valid configuration.  As a result,
 the above RELAX NG fragment would successfully validate
 configurations where none of the three leaf elements are present.
 Therefore, mandatory choices, which can be recognized in the hybrid
 schema as <rng:choice> elements with the @nma:mandatory annotation,
 have to be handled in a special way: for each mandatory choice where
 at least one of the cases contains more than one node, a Schematron
 rule MUST be added enforcing the presence of at least one element
 from any of the cases.  (RELAX NG schema guarantees that elements
 from different cases cannot be mixed together, that all mandatory
 nodes are present, etc.).
 For the example module above, the Schematron rule will be as follows:
 <sch:rule context="/nc:rpc-reply/nc:data">
   <sch:assert test="ex5:foo1 or ex5:foo2 or ex5:bar">
     Node(s) from at least one case of choice "foobar" must exist.
   </sch:assert>
 </sch:rule>

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 66] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

11.3. Mapping Default Values to DSRL

 DSRL is the only component of DSDL that is allowed to change the
 information set of the validated XML document.  While DSRL also has
 other functions, YANG-to-DSDL mapping uses it only for specifying and
 applying default contents.  For XML instance documents based on YANG
 data models, insertion of default contents may potentially take place
 for all implicit nodes identified by the rules in Section 9.1.2.
 In DSRL, the default contents of an element are specified using the
 <dsrl:default-content> element, which is a child of <dsrl:element-
 map>.  Two sibling elements of <dsrl:default-content> determine the
 context for the application of the default contents, see [DSRL]:
 o  the <dsrl:parent> element contains an XSLT pattern specifying the
    parent element; the default contents are applied only if the
    parent element exists in the instance document;
 o  the <dsrl:name> contains the XML name of the element that, if
    missing or empty, is inserted together with the contents of <dsrl:
    default-content>.
 The <dsrl:parent> element is optional in a general DSRL schema but,
 for the purpose of the YANG-to-DSDL mapping, this element MUST be
 always present, in order to guarantee a proper application of default
 contents.
 DSRL mapping only deals with <rng:element> patterns in the hybrid
 schema that define implicit nodes (see Section 9.1.2).  Such element
 patterns are distinguished by having NETMOD-specific annotation
 attributes @nma:default or @nma:implicit, i.e., either:
 <rng:element name="ELEM" nma:default="DEFVALUE">
   ...
 </rng:element>
 or
 <rng:element name="ELEM" nma:implicit="true">
   ...
 </rng:element>
 The former case applies to leaf nodes having the 'default'
 substatement, but also to leaf nodes that obtain their default value
 from a typedef, if this typedef is expanded according to the rules in
 Section 9.2.2 so that the @nma:default annotation is attached
 directly to the leaf's element pattern.

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 The latter case is used for all implicit containers (see Section 9.1)
 and for leafs that obtain the default value from a typedef and don't
 have the @nma:default annotation.
 In the simplest case, both element patterns are mapped to the
 following DSRL element map:
 <dsrl:element-map>
   <dsrl:parent>XPARENT</dsrl:parent>
   <dsrl:name>ELEM</dsrl:name>
   <dsrl:default-content>DEFCONT</dsrl:default-content>
 </dsrl:element-map>
 where XPARENT is the absolute XPath of ELEM's parent element in the
 data tree and DEFCONT is constructed as follows:
 o  If the implicit node ELEM is a leaf and has the @nma:default
    attribute, DEFCONT is set to the value of this attribute (denoted
    above as DEFVALUE).
 o  If the implicit node ELEM is a leaf and has the @nma:implicit
    attribute with the value of "true", the default value has to be
    determined from the @nma:default attribute of the definition of
    ELEM's type (perhaps recursively) and used in place of DEFCONT in
    the above DSRL element map.  See also Section 9.2.2.
 o  Otherwise, the implicit node ELEM is a container and DEFCONT is
    constructed as an XML fragment containing all descendant elements
    of ELEM that have either the @nma:implicit or the @nma:default
    attribute.
 In addition, when mapping the default case of a choice, it has to be
 guaranteed that the default contents are not applied if any node from
 any non-default case is present.  This is accomplished by setting
 <dsrl:parent> in a special way:
 <dsrl:parent>XPARENT[not (ELEM1|ELEM2|...|ELEMn)]</dsrl:parent>
 where ELEM1, ELEM2, ...  ELEMn are the names of all top-level nodes
 from all non-default cases.  The rest of the element map is exactly
 as before.

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 68] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 EXAMPLE.  Consider the following YANG module:
 module example6 {
   namespace "http://example.com/ns/example6";
   prefix ex6;
   container outer {
     leaf leaf1 {
       type uint8;
       default 1;
     }
     choice one-or-two {
       default "one";
       container one {
         leaf leaf2 {
           type uint8;
           default 2;
         }
       }
       leaf leaf3 {
         type uint8;
         default 3;
       }
     }
   }
 }

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 The DSRL schema generated for the "get-reply" target document type
 will be:
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <dsrl:maps xmlns:dsrl="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/dsrl"
            xmlns:ex6="http://example.com/ns/example6"
            xmlns:nc="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
   <dsrl:element-map>
     <dsrl:parent>/nc:rpc-reply/nc:data</dsrl:parent>
     <dsrl:name>ex6:outer</dsrl:name>
     <dsrl:default-content>
       <ex6:leaf1>1</ex6:leaf1>
       <ex6:one>
         <ex6:leaf2>2</ex6:leaf2>
       </ex6:one>
     </dsrl:default-content>
   </dsrl:element-map>
   <dsrl:element-map>
     <dsrl:parent>/nc:rpc-reply/nc:data/ex6:outer</dsrl:parent>
     <dsrl:name>ex6:leaf1</dsrl:name>
     <dsrl:default-content>1</dsrl:default-content>
   </dsrl:element-map>
   <dsrl:element-map>
     <dsrl:parent>
       /nc:rpc-reply/nc:data/ex6:outer[not(ex6:leaf3)]
     </dsrl:parent>
     <dsrl:name>ex6:one</dsrl:name>
     <dsrl:default-content>
       <ex6:leaf2>2</ex6:leaf2>
     </dsrl:default-content>
   </dsrl:element-map>
   <dsrl:element-map>
     <dsrl:parent>
       /nc:rpc-reply/nc:data/ex6:outer/ex6:one
     </dsrl:parent>
     <dsrl:name>ex6:leaf2</dsrl:name>
     <dsrl:default-content>2</dsrl:default-content>
   </dsrl:element-map>
 </dsrl:maps>
 Note that the default value for "leaf3" defined in the YANG module is
 ignored because "leaf3" represents a non-default alternative of a
 choice and as such never becomes an implicit element.

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 70] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

12. Mapping NETMOD-Specific Annotations to DSDL Schema Languages

 This section contains the mapping specification for the individual
 NETMOD-specific annotations.  In each case, the result of the mapping
 must be inserted into an appropriate context of the target DSDL
 schema as described in Section 11.  The context is determined by the
 element pattern in the hybrid schema to which the annotation is
 attached.  In the rest of this section, CONTELEM will denote the name
 of this context element properly qualified with its namespace prefix.

12.1. The @nma:config Annotation

 If this annotation is present with the value of "false", the
 following rules MUST be observed for DSDL schemas of <nc:get-config>
 reply:
 o  When generating RELAX NG, the contents of the CONTELEM definition
    MUST be changed to <rng:notAllowed>.
 o  When generating Schematron or DSRL, the CONTELEM definition and
    all its descendants in the hybrid schema MUST be ignored.

12.2. The @nma:default Annotation

 This annotation is used for generating the DSRL schema as described
 in Section 11.3.

12.3. The <nma:error-app-tag> Annotation

 This annotation currently has no mapping defined.

12.4. The <nma:error-message> Annotation

 This annotation is handled within <nma:must>, see Section 12.13.

12.5. The @if-feature Annotation

 The information about available features MAY be supplied as an input
 parameter to an implementation.  In this case, the following changes
 MUST be performed for all features that are considered unavailable:
 o  When generating RELAX NG, the contents of the CONTELEM definition
    MUST be changed to <rng:notAllowed>.
 o  When generating Schematron or DSRL, the CONTELEM definition and
    all its descendants in the hybrid schema MUST be ignored.

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 71] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

12.6. The @nma:implicit Annotation

 This annotation is used for generating the DSRL schema as described
 in Section 11.3.

12.7. The <nma:instance-identifier> Annotation

 If this annotation element has the @require-instance attribute with
 the value of "false", it is ignored.  Otherwise, it is mapped to the
 following Schematron assert:
 <sch:assert test="nmf:evaluate(.)">
   The element pointed to by "CONTELEM" must exist.
 </sch:assert>
 The nmf:evaluate() function is an XSLT extension function (see
 Extension Functions in [XSLT]) that evaluates an XPath expression at
 run time.  Such an extension function is available in Extended XSLT
 (EXSLT) or provided as a proprietary extension by some XSLT
 processors, for example Saxon.

12.8. The @nma:key Annotation

 Assume this annotation attribute contains "k_1 k_2 ... k_n", i.e.,
 specifies n children of CONTELEM as list keys.  The annotation is
 then mapped to the following Schematron report:
 <sch:report test="CONDITION">
   Duplicate key of list "CONTELEM"
 </sch:report>
 where CONDITION has this form:
 preceding-sibling::CONTELEM[C_1 and C_2 and ... and C_n]
 Each sub-expression C_i, for i=1,2,...,n, specifies the condition for
 violated uniqueness of the key k_i, namely
 k_i=current()/k_i

12.9. The @nma:leaf-list Annotation

 This annotation is mapped to the following Schematron rule, which
 detects duplicate entries of a leaf-list:
 <sch:report
     test=". = preceding-sibling::PREFIX:sorted-entry">
   Duplicate leaf-list entry "<sch:value-of select="."/>".
 </sch:report>

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 72] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 See Section 11.2 for a complete example.

12.10. The @nma:leafref Annotation

 This annotation is mapped to the following assert:
 <sch:assert test="PATH=.">
   Leaf "PATH" does not exist for leafref value "VALUE"
 </sch:assert>
 where PATH is the value of @nma:leafref and VALUE is the value of the
 context element in the instance document for which the referred leaf
 doesn't exist.

12.11. The @nma:min-elements Annotation

 This annotation is mapped to the following Schematron assert:
 <sch:assert test="count(../CONTELEM)&gt;=MIN">
   List "CONTELEM" - item count must be at least MIN
 </sch:assert>
 where MIN is the value of @nma:min-elements.

12.12. The @nma:max-elements Annotation

 This annotation is mapped to the following Schematron assert:

<sch:assert

  test="count(../CONTELEM)&lt;=MAX or preceding-sibling::../CONTELEM">
Number of list items must be at most MAX

</sch:assert>

 where MAX is the value of @nma:min-elements.

12.13. The <nma:must> Annotation

 This annotation is mapped to the following Schematron assert:
 <sch:assert test="EXPRESSION">
   MESSAGE
 </sch:assert>
 where EXPRESSION is the value of the mandatory @assert attribute of
 <nma:must>.  If the <nma:error-message> subelement exists, MESSAGE is
 set to its contents; otherwise, it is set to the default message
 "Condition EXPRESSION must be true".

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 73] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

12.14. The <nma:ordered-by> Annotation

 This annotation currently has no mapping defined.

12.15. The <nma:status> Annotation

 This annotation currently has no mapping defined.

12.16. The @nma:unique Annotation

 The mapping of this annotation is almost identical as for @nma:key,
 see Section 12.8, with two small differences:
 o  The value of @nma:unique is a list of descendant schema node
    identifiers rather than simple leaf names.  However, the XPath
    expressions specified in Section 12.8 work without any
    modifications if the descendant schema node identifiers are
    substituted for k_1, k_2, ..., k_n.
 o  The message appearing as the text of <sch:report> is different:
    "Violated uniqueness for list CONTELEM".

12.17. The @nma:when Annotation

 This annotation is mapped to the following Schematron assert:
 <sch:assert test="EXPRESSION">
   Node "CONTELEM" is only valid when "EXPRESSION" is true.
 </sch:assert>
 where EXPRESSION is the value of @nma:when.

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 74] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

13. IANA Considerations

 This document requests the following two registrations of namespace
 URIs in the IETF XML registry [RFC3688]:
  1. —————————————————-

URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netmod:dsdl-annotations:1

 Registrant Contact: The IESG.
 XML: N/A, the requested URI is an XML namespace.
 -----------------------------------------------------
  1. —————————————————-

URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netmod:xpath-extensions:1

 Registrant Contact: The IESG.
 XML: N/A, the requested URI is an XML namespace.
 -----------------------------------------------------

14. Security Considerations

 This document defines a procedure that maps data models expressed in
 the YANG language to a coordinated set of DSDL schemas.  The
 procedure itself has no security impact on the Internet.
 DSDL schemas obtained by the mapping procedure may be used for
 validating the contents of NETCONF messages or entire datastores, and
 thus they provide additional validity checks above those performed by
 NETCONF server and client implementations supporting YANG data
 models.  The strictness of this validation is directly derived from
 the source YANG modules that the validated XML data adhere to.

15. Contributors

 The following people contributed significantly to the initial version
 of this document:
 o  Rohan Mahy
 o  Sharon Chisholm (Ciena)

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 75] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

16. Acknowledgments

 The editor wishes to thank the following individuals who provided
 helpful suggestions and/or comments on various versions of this
 document: Andy Bierman, Martin Bjorklund, Jirka Kosek, Juergen
 Schoenwaelder, and Phil Shafer.

17. References

17.1. Normative References

 [DSDL]         ISO/IEC, "Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL)
                - Part 1: Overview", ISO/IEC 19757-1, November 2004.
 [DSRL]         ISO/IEC, "Information Technology - Document Schema
                Definition Languages (DSDL) - Part 8: Document
                Semantics Renaming Language - DSRL", ISO/
                IEC 19757-8:2008(E), December 2008.
 [RFC2119]      Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
                Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
 [RFC3688]      Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81,
                RFC 3688, January 2004.
 [RFC4741]      Enns, R., "NETCONF Configuration Protocol", RFC 4741,
                December 2006.
 [RFC6020]      Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language
                for Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)",
                RFC 6020, October 2010.
 [RFC6021]      Schoenwaelder, J., Ed., "Common YANG Data Types",
                RFC 6021, October 2010.
 [RNG]          ISO/IEC, "Information Technology - Document Schema
                Definition Languages (DSDL) - Part 2: Regular-Grammar-
                Based Validation - RELAX NG. Second Edition.", ISO/
                IEC 19757-2:2008(E), December 2008.
 [RNG-CS]       ISO/IEC, "Information Technology - Document Schema
                Definition Languages (DSDL) - Part 2: Regular-Grammar-
                Based Validation - RELAX NG. AMENDMENT 1: Compact
                Syntax", ISO/IEC 19757-2:2003/Amd. 1:2006(E),
                January 2006.

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 76] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 [RNG-DTD]      Clark, J., Ed. and M. Murata, Ed., "RELAX NG DTD
                Compatibility", OASIS Committee Specification, 3
                December 2001.
 [Schematron]   ISO/IEC, "Information Technology - Document Schema
                Definition Languages (DSDL) - Part 3: Rule-Based
                Validation - Schematron", ISO/IEC 19757-3:2006(E),
                June 2006.
 [XML]          Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C., Maler, E.,
                and F. Yergeau, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0
                (Fifth Edition)", World Wide Web Consortium
                Recommendation REC-xml-20081126, November 2008,
                <http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816>.
 [XML-INFOSET]  Tobin, R. and J. Cowan, "XML Information Set (Second
                Edition)", World Wide Web Consortium
                Recommendation REC-xml-infoset-20040204,
                February 2004,
                <http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-infoset-20040204>.
 [XPath]        Clark, J. and S. DeRose, "XML Path Language (XPath)
                Version 1.0", World Wide Web Consortium
                Recommendation REC-xpath-19991116, November 1999,
                <http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xpath-19991116>.
 [XSD-D]        Biron, P. and A. Malhotra, "XML Schema Part 2:
                Datatypes Second Edition", World Wide Web Consortium
                Recommendation REC-xmlschema-2-20041028, October 2004,
                <http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028>.
 [XSLT]         Clark, J., "XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 1.0",
                World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation REC-xslt-
                19991116, November 1999.

17.2. Informative References

 [DHCPtut]      Bjorklund, M., "DHCP Tutorial", November 2007, <http:/
                /www.yang-central.org/twiki/bin/view/Main/
                DhcpTutorial>.
 [RFC1157]      Case, J., Fedor, M., Schoffstall, M., and J. Davin,
                "Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)", RFC 1157,
                May 1990.

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 77] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

 [RFC2578]      McCloghrie, K., Ed., Perkins, D., Ed., and J.
                Schoenwaelder, Ed., "Structure of Management
                Information Version 2 (SMIv2)", STD 58, RFC 2578,
                April 1999.
 [RFC5013]      Kunze, J., "The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set",
                RFC 5013, August 2007.
 [RFC5277]      Chisholm, S. and H. Trevino, "NETCONF Event
                Notifications", RFC 5277, July 2008.
 [Trang]        Clark, J., "Trang: Multiformat schema converter based
                on RELAX NG", 2008,
                <http://www.thaiopensource.com/relaxng/trang.html>.
 [Vli04]        van der Vlist, E., "RELAX NG", O'Reilly, 2004.
 [XSD]          Thompson, H., Beech, D., Maloney, M., and N.
                Mendelsohn, "XML Schema Part 1: Structures Second
                Edition", World Wide Web Consortium
                Recommendation REC-xmlschema-1-20041028, October 2004,
                <http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-1-20041028>.
 [pyang]        Bjorklund, M. and L. Lhotka, "pyang: An extensible
                YANG validator and converter in Python", 2010,
                <http://code.google.com/p/pyang/>.

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 78] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

Appendix A. RELAX NG Schema for NETMOD-Specific Annotations

 This appendix defines the content model for all NETMOD-specific
 annotations in the form of RELAX NG named pattern definitions.
<CODE BEGINS> file "nmannot.rng"
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<grammar xmlns="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"
         xmlns:nma="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netmod:dsdl-annotations:1"
         datatypeLibrary="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-datatypes">
<define name="config-attribute">
  <attribute name="nma:config">
    <data type="boolean"/>
  </attribute>
</define>
<define name="data-element">
  <element name="nma:data">
    <ref name="__anyxml__"/>
  </element>
</define>
<define name="default-attribute">
  <attribute name="nma:default">
    <data type="string"/>
  </attribute>
</define>
<define name="error-app-tag-element">
  <element name="nma:error-app-tag">
    <text/>
  </element>
</define>
<define name="error-message-element">
  <element name="nma:error-message">
    <text/>
  </element>
</define>

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<define name="if-feature-attribute">
  <attribute name="nma:if-feature">
    <list>
      <data type="QName"/>
    </list>
  </attribute>
</define>
<define name="implicit-attribute">
  <attribute name="nma:implicit">
    <data type="boolean"/>
  </attribute>
</define>
<define name="instance-identifier-element">
  <element name="nma:instance-identifier">
    <optional>
      <attribute name="nma:require-instance">
        <data type="boolean"/>
      </attribute>
    </optional>
  </element>
</define>
<define name="key-attribute">
  <attribute name="nma:key">
    <list>
      <data type="QName"/>
    </list>
  </attribute>
</define>
<define name="leaf-list-attribute">
  <attribute name="nma:leaf-list">
    <data type="boolean"/>
  </attribute>
</define>
<define name="leafref-attribute">
  <attribute name="nma:leafref">
    <data type="string"/>
  </attribute>
</define>

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<define name="mandatory-attribute">
  <attribute name="nma:mandatory">
    <data type="Name"/>
  </attribute>
</define>
<define name="max-elements-attribute">
  <attribute name="nma:max-elements">
    <data type="nonNegativeInteger"/>
  </attribute>
</define>
<define name="min-elements-attribute">
  <attribute name="nma:min-elements">
    <data type="nonNegativeInteger"/>
  </attribute>
</define>
<define name="module-attribute">
  <attribute name="nma:module">
    <data type="Name"/>
  </attribute>
</define>
<define name="must-element">
  <element name="nma:must">
    <attribute name="assert">
      <data type="string"/>
    </attribute>
    <interleave>
      <optional>
        <ref name="error-app-tag-element"/>
      </optional>
      <optional>
        <ref name="error-message-element"/>
      </optional>
    </interleave>
  </element>
</define>

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<define name="notifications-element">
  <element name="nma:notifications">
    <zeroOrMore>
      <element name="nma:notification">
        <ref name="__anyxml__"/>
      </element>
    </zeroOrMore>
  </element>
</define>
<define name="rpcs-element">
  <element name="nma:rpcs">
    <zeroOrMore>
      <element name="nma:rpc">
        <interleave>
          <element name="nma:input">
            <ref name="__anyxml__"/>
          </element>
          <optional>
            <element name="nma:output">
              <ref name="__anyxml__"/>
            </element>
          </optional>
        </interleave>
      </element>
    </zeroOrMore>
  </element>
</define>
<define name="ordered-by-attribute">
  <attribute name="nma:ordered-by">
    <choice>
      <value>user</value>
      <value>system</value>
    </choice>
  </attribute>
</define>

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<define name="status-attribute">
  <optional>
    <attribute name="nma:status">
      <choice>
        <value>current</value>
        <value>deprecated</value>
        <value>obsolete</value>
      </choice>
    </attribute>
  </optional>
</define>
<define name="unique-attribute">
  <optional>
    <attribute name="nma:unique">
      <list>
        <data type="token"/>
      </list>
    </attribute>
  </optional>
</define>
<define name="units-attribute">
  <optional>
    <attribute name="nma:units">
      <data type="string"/>
    </attribute>
  </optional>
</define>
<define name="when-attribute">
  <optional>
    <attribute name="nma:when">
      <data type="string"/>
    </attribute>
  </optional>
</define>

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<define name="__anyxml__">
  <zeroOrMore>
    <choice>
      <attribute>
        <anyName/>
      </attribute>
      <element>
        <anyName/>
        <ref name="__anyxml__"/>
      </element>
      <text/>
    </choice>
  </zeroOrMore>
</define>
</grammar>
<CODE ENDS>

Appendix B. Schema-Independent Library

 In order to avoid copying the common named pattern definitions to
 every RELAX NG schema generated in the second mapping step, the
 definitions are collected in a library file -- schema-independent
 library -- which is included by the validating schemas under the file
 name "relaxng-lib.rng" (XML syntax) and "relaxng-lib.rnc" (compact
 syntax).  The included definitions cover patterns for common elements
 from base NETCONF [RFC4741] and event notifications [RFC5277].
<CODE BEGINS> file "relaxng-lib.rng"
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<grammar xmlns="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"
         xmlns:nc="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0"
         xmlns:en="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:notification:1.0"
         datatypeLibrary="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-datatypes">
  <define name="message-id-attribute">
    <attribute name="message-id">
      <data type="string">
        <param name="maxLength">4095</param>
      </data>
    </attribute>
  </define>

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  <define name="ok-element">
    <element name="nc:ok">
      <empty/>
    </element>
  </define>
  <define name="eventTime-element">
    <element name="en:eventTime">
      <data type="dateTime"/>
    </element>
  </define>
</grammar>
<CODE ENDS>

Appendix C. Mapping DHCP Data Model - A Complete Example

 This appendix demonstrates both steps of the YANG-to-DSDL mapping
 applied to the "canonical" DHCP tutorial [DHCPtut] data model.  The
 input YANG module is shown in Appendix C.1 and the output schemas in
 the following two subsections.
 The hybrid schema was obtained by the "dsdl" plugin of the pyang tool
 [pyang] and the validating DSDL schemas were obtained by XSLT
 stylesheets that are also part of pyang distribution.
 Due to the limit of 72 characters per line, a few long strings
 required manual editing, in particular the regular expression
 patterns for IP addresses, etc.  These were replaced by the
 placeholder string "... regex pattern ...".  Also, line breaks were
 added to several documentation strings and Schematron messages.
 Other than that, the results of the automatic translations were not
 changed.

C.1. Input YANG Module

 module dhcp {
   namespace "http://example.com/ns/dhcp";
   prefix dhcp;
   import ietf-yang-types { prefix yang; }
   import ietf-inet-types { prefix inet; }

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   organization
     "yang-central.org";
   description
     "Partial data model for DHCP, based on the config of
      the ISC DHCP reference implementation.";
   container dhcp {
     description
       "configuration and operational parameters for a DHCP server.";
     leaf max-lease-time {
       type uint32;
       units seconds;
       default 7200;
     }
     leaf default-lease-time {
       type uint32;
       units seconds;
       must '. <= ../max-lease-time' {
         error-message
           "The default-lease-time must be less than max-lease-time";
       }
       default 600;
     }
     uses subnet-list;
     container shared-networks {
       list shared-network {
         key name;
         leaf name {
           type string;
         }
         uses subnet-list;
       }
     }
     container status {
       config false;
       list leases {
         key address;

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         leaf address {
           type inet:ip-address;
         }
         leaf starts {
           type yang:date-and-time;
         }
         leaf ends {
           type yang:date-and-time;
         }
         container hardware {
           leaf type {
             type enumeration {
               enum "ethernet";
               enum "token-ring";
               enum "fddi";
             }
           }
           leaf address {
             type yang:phys-address;
           }
         }
       }
     }
   }
   grouping subnet-list {
     description "A reusable list of subnets";
     list subnet {
       key net;
       leaf net {
         type inet:ip-prefix;
       }
       container range {
         presence "enables dynamic address assignment";
         leaf dynamic-bootp {
           type empty;
           description
             "Allows BOOTP clients to get addresses in this range";
         }

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         leaf low {
           type inet:ip-address;
           mandatory true;
         }
         leaf high {
           type inet:ip-address;
           mandatory true;
         }
       }
       container dhcp-options {
         description "Options in the DHCP protocol";
         leaf-list router {
           type inet:host;
           ordered-by user;
           reference "RFC 2132, sec. 3.8";
         }
         leaf domain-name {
           type inet:domain-name;
           reference "RFC 2132, sec. 3.17";
         }
       }
       leaf max-lease-time {
         type uint32;
         units seconds;
         default 7200;
       }
     }
   }
 }

C.2. Hybrid Schema

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <grammar
     xmlns="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"
     xmlns:nma="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netmod:dsdl-annotations:1"
     xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/terms"
     xmlns:a="http://relaxng.org/ns/compatibility/annotations/1.0"
     xmlns:dhcp="http://example.com/ns/dhcp"
     datatypeLibrary="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-datatypes">
  <dc:creator>Pyang 1.0a, DSDL plugin</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2010-06-17</dc:date>
  <start>
   <grammar nma:module="dhcp" ns="http://example.com/ns/dhcp">
    <dc:source>YANG module 'dhcp'</dc:source>
    <start>

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     <nma:data>
      <optional>
       <element nma:implicit="true" name="dhcp:dhcp">
        <interleave>
         <a:documentation>
          configuration and operational parameters for a DHCP server.
         </a:documentation>
         <optional>
          <element nma:default="7200"
                   name="dhcp:max-lease-time"
                   nma:units="seconds">
           <data type="unsignedInt"/>
          </element>
         </optional>
         <optional>
          <element nma:default="600"
                   name="dhcp:default-lease-time"
                   nma:units="seconds">
           <data type="unsignedInt"/>
           <nma:must assert=". &lt;= ../dhcp:max-lease-time">
            <nma:error-message>
             The default-lease-time must be less than max-lease-time
            </nma:error-message>
           </nma:must>
          </element>
         </optional>
         <ref name="_dhcp__subnet-list"/>
         <optional>
          <element name="dhcp:shared-networks">
           <zeroOrMore>
            <element nma:key="dhcp:name"
                     name="dhcp:shared-network">
             <element name="dhcp:name">
              <data type="string"/>
             </element>
             <ref name="_dhcp__subnet-list"/>
            </element>
           </zeroOrMore>
          </element>
         </optional>
         <optional>
          <element name="dhcp:status" nma:config="false">
           <zeroOrMore>
            <element nma:key="dhcp:address"
                     name="dhcp:leases">
             <element name="dhcp:address">
              <ref name="ietf-inet-types__ip-address"/>
             </element>

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             <interleave>
              <optional>
               <element name="dhcp:starts">
                <ref name="ietf-yang-types__date-and-time"/>
               </element>
              </optional>
              <optional>
               <element name="dhcp:ends">
                <ref name="ietf-yang-types__date-and-time"/>
               </element>
              </optional>
              <optional>
               <element name="dhcp:hardware">
                <interleave>
                 <optional>
                  <element name="dhcp:type">
                   <choice>
                    <value>ethernet</value>
                    <value>token-ring</value>
                    <value>fddi</value>
                   </choice>
                  </element>
                 </optional>
                 <optional>
                  <element name="dhcp:address">
                   <ref name="ietf-yang-types__phys-address"/>
                  </element>
                 </optional>
                </interleave>
               </element>
              </optional>
             </interleave>
            </element>
           </zeroOrMore>
          </element>
         </optional>
        </interleave>
       </element>
      </optional>
     </nma:data>
     <nma:rpcs/>
     <nma:notifications/>
    </start>
   </grammar>
  </start>
  <define name="ietf-yang-types__phys-address">
   <data type="string">
    <param name="pattern">([0-9a-fA-F]{2}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{2})*)?</param>

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   </data>
  </define>
  <define name="ietf-inet-types__ipv6-address">
   <data type="string">
    <param name="pattern">... regex pattern ...</param>
    <param name="pattern">... regex pattern ...</param>
   </data>
  </define>
  <define name="ietf-inet-types__ip-prefix">
   <choice>
    <ref name="ietf-inet-types__ipv4-prefix"/>
    <ref name="ietf-inet-types__ipv6-prefix"/>
   </choice>
  </define>
  <define name="ietf-inet-types__host">
   <choice>
    <ref name="ietf-inet-types__ip-address"/>
    <ref name="ietf-inet-types__domain-name"/>
   </choice>
  </define>
  <define name="ietf-yang-types__date-and-time">
   <data type="string">
    <param name="pattern">... regex pattern ...</param>
   </data>
  </define>
  <define name="_dhcp__subnet-list">
   <a:documentation>A reusable list of subnets</a:documentation>
   <zeroOrMore>
    <element nma:key="net" name="subnet">
     <element name="net">
      <ref name="ietf-inet-types__ip-prefix"/>
     </element>
     <interleave>
      <optional>
       <element name="range">
        <interleave>
         <optional>
          <element name="dynamic-bootp">
           <a:documentation>
            Allows BOOTP clients to get addresses in this range
           </a:documentation>
           <empty/>
          </element>
         </optional>
         <element name="low">
          <ref name="ietf-inet-types__ip-address"/>
         </element>
         <element name="high">

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          <ref name="ietf-inet-types__ip-address"/>
         </element>
        </interleave>
       </element>
      </optional>
      <optional>
       <element name="dhcp-options">
        <interleave>
         <a:documentation>
          Options in the DHCP protocol
         </a:documentation>
         <zeroOrMore>
          <element nma:leaf-list="true" name="router"
                   nma:ordered-by="user">
           <a:documentation>
            See: RFC 2132, sec. 3.8
           </a:documentation>
           <ref name="ietf-inet-types__host"/>
          </element>
         </zeroOrMore>
         <optional>
          <element name="domain-name">
           <a:documentation>
            See: RFC 2132, sec. 3.17
           </a:documentation>
           <ref name="ietf-inet-types__domain-name"/>
          </element>
         </optional>
        </interleave>
       </element>
      </optional>
      <optional>
       <element nma:default="7200" name="max-lease-time"
                nma:units="seconds">
        <data type="unsignedInt"/>
       </element>
      </optional>
     </interleave>
    </element>
   </zeroOrMore>
  </define>
  <define name="ietf-inet-types__domain-name">
   <data type="string">
    <param name="pattern">... regex pattern ...</param>
    <param name="minLength">1</param>
    <param name="maxLength">253</param>
   </data>
  </define>

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  <define name="ietf-inet-types__ipv4-prefix">
   <data type="string">
    <param name="pattern">... regex pattern ...</param>
   </data>
  </define>
  <define name="ietf-inet-types__ipv4-address">
   <data type="string">
    <param name="pattern">... regex pattern ...</param>
   </data>
  </define>
  <define name="ietf-inet-types__ipv6-prefix">
   <data type="string">
    <param name="pattern">... regex pattern ...</param>
    <param name="pattern">... regex pattern ...</param>
   </data>
  </define>
  <define name="ietf-inet-types__ip-address">
   <choice>
    <ref name="ietf-inet-types__ipv4-address"/>
    <ref name="ietf-inet-types__ipv6-address"/>
   </choice>
  </define>
 </grammar>

C.3. Final DSDL Schemas

 This appendix contains DSDL schemas that were obtained from the
 hybrid schema in Appendix C.2 by XSL transformations.  These schemas
 can be directly used for validating a reply to unfiltered <nc:get>
 with the contents corresponding to the DHCP data model.
 The RELAX NG schema (in two parts, as explained in Section 8.2) also
 includes the schema-independent library from Appendix B.

C.3.1. Main RELAX NG Schema for <nc:get> Reply

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <grammar
     xmlns="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"
     xmlns:nma="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netmod:dsdl-annotations:1"
     xmlns:dhcp="http://example.com/ns/dhcp"
     datatypeLibrary="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-datatypes"
     ns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
  <include href="relaxng-lib.rng"/>
  <start>
   <element name="rpc-reply">
    <ref name="message-id-attribute"/>
    <element name="data">

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 93] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

     <interleave>
      <grammar ns="http://example.com/ns/dhcp">
       <include href="dhcp-gdefs.rng"/>
       <start>
        <optional>
         <element name="dhcp:dhcp">
          <interleave>
           <optional>
            <element name="dhcp:max-lease-time">
             <data type="unsignedInt"/>
            </element>
           </optional>
           <optional>
            <element name="dhcp:default-lease-time">
             <data type="unsignedInt"/>
            </element>
           </optional>
           <ref name="_dhcp__subnet-list"/>
           <optional>
            <element name="dhcp:shared-networks">
             <zeroOrMore>
              <element name="dhcp:shared-network">
               <element name="dhcp:name">
                <data type="string"/>
               </element>
               <ref name="_dhcp__subnet-list"/>
              </element>
             </zeroOrMore>
            </element>
           </optional>
           <optional>
            <element name="dhcp:status">
             <zeroOrMore>
              <element name="dhcp:leases">
               <element name="dhcp:address">
                <ref name="ietf-inet-types__ip-address"/>
               </element>
               <interleave>
                <optional>
                 <element name="dhcp:starts">
                  <ref name="ietf-yang-types__date-and-time"/>
                 </element>
                </optional>
                <optional>
                 <element name="dhcp:ends">
                  <ref name="ietf-yang-types__date-and-time"/>
                 </element>
                </optional>

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                <optional>
                 <element name="dhcp:hardware">
                  <interleave>
                   <optional>
                    <element name="dhcp:type">
                     <choice>
                      <value>ethernet</value>
                      <value>token-ring</value>
                      <value>fddi</value>
                     </choice>
                    </element>
                   </optional>
                   <optional>
                    <element name="dhcp:address">
                     <ref name="ietf-yang-types__phys-address"/>
                    </element>
                   </optional>
                  </interleave>
                 </element>
                </optional>
               </interleave>
              </element>
             </zeroOrMore>
            </element>
           </optional>
          </interleave>
         </element>
        </optional>
       </start>
      </grammar>
     </interleave>
    </element>
   </element>
  </start>
 </grammar>

C.3.2. RELAX NG Schema - Global Named Pattern Definitions

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <grammar
     xmlns="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"
     xmlns:nma="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netmod:dsdl-annotations:1"
     xmlns:dhcp="http://example.com/ns/dhcp"
     datatypeLibrary="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-datatypes">
  <define name="ietf-yang-types__phys-address">
   <data type="string">
    <param name="pattern">
     ([0-9a-fA-F]{2}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{2})*)?

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    </param>
   </data>
  </define>
  <define name="ietf-inet-types__ipv6-address">
   <data type="string">
    <param name="pattern">... regex pattern ...</param>
   </data>
  </define>
  <define name="ietf-inet-types__ip-prefix">
   <choice>
    <ref name="ietf-inet-types__ipv4-prefix"/>
    <ref name="ietf-inet-types__ipv6-prefix"/>
   </choice>
  </define>
  <define name="ietf-inet-types__host">
   <choice>
    <ref name="ietf-inet-types__ip-address"/>
    <ref name="ietf-inet-types__domain-name"/>
   </choice>
  </define>
  <define name="ietf-yang-types__date-and-time">
   <data type="string">
    <param name="pattern">... regex pattern ...</param>
   </data>
  </define>
  <define name="_dhcp__subnet-list">
   <zeroOrMore>
    <element name="subnet">
     <element name="net">
      <ref name="ietf-inet-types__ip-prefix"/>
     </element>
     <interleave>
      <optional>
       <element name="range">
        <interleave>
         <optional>
          <element name="dynamic-bootp">
           <empty/>
          </element>
         </optional>
         <element name="low">
          <ref name="ietf-inet-types__ip-address"/>
         </element>
         <element name="high">
          <ref name="ietf-inet-types__ip-address"/>
         </element>
        </interleave>
       </element>

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      </optional>
      <optional>
       <element name="dhcp-options">
        <interleave>
         <zeroOrMore>
          <element name="router">
           <ref name="ietf-inet-types__host"/>
          </element>
         </zeroOrMore>
         <optional>
          <element name="domain-name">
           <ref name="ietf-inet-types__domain-name"/>
          </element>
         </optional>
        </interleave>
       </element>
      </optional>
      <optional>
       <element name="max-lease-time">
        <data type="unsignedInt"/>
       </element>
      </optional>
     </interleave>
    </element>
   </zeroOrMore>
  </define>
  <define name="ietf-inet-types__domain-name">
   <data type="string">
    <param name="pattern">... regex pattern ...</param>
    <param name="minLength">1</param>
    <param name="maxLength">253</param>
   </data>
  </define>
  <define name="ietf-inet-types__ipv4-prefix">
   <data type="string">
    <param name="pattern">... regex pattern ...</param>
   </data>
  </define>
  <define name="ietf-inet-types__ipv4-address">
   <data type="string">
    <param name="pattern">... regex pattern ...</param>
   </data>
  </define>
  <define name="ietf-inet-types__ipv6-prefix">
   <data type="string">
    <param name="pattern">... regex pattern ...</param>
    <param name="pattern">... regex pattern ...</param>
   </data>

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 97] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

  </define>
  <define name="ietf-inet-types__ip-address">
   <choice>
    <ref name="ietf-inet-types__ipv4-address"/>
    <ref name="ietf-inet-types__ipv6-address"/>
   </choice>
  </define>
 </grammar>

C.3.3. Schematron Schema for <nc:get> Reply

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<sch:schema xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron">
 <sch:ns uri="http://example.com/ns/dhcp" prefix="dhcp"/>
 <sch:ns uri="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0" prefix="nc"/>
 <sch:pattern abstract="true" id="_dhcp__subnet-list">
  <sch:rule context="$start/$pref:subnet">
   <sch:report test="preceding-sibling::$pref:subnet
                     [$pref:net=current()/$pref:net]">
    Duplicate key "net"
   </sch:report>
  </sch:rule>
  <sch:rule
    context="$start/$pref:subnet/$pref:dhcp-options/$pref:router">
   <sch:report test=".=preceding-sibling::router">
    Duplicate leaf-list value "<sch:value-of select="."/>"
   </sch:report>
  </sch:rule>
 </sch:pattern>
 <sch:pattern id="dhcp">
  <sch:rule
    context="/nc:rpc-reply/nc:data/dhcp:dhcp/dhcp:default-lease-time">
   <sch:assert test=". &lt;= ../dhcp:max-lease-time">
    The default-lease-time must be less than max-lease-time
   </sch:assert>
  </sch:rule>
  <sch:rule context="/nc:rpc-reply/nc:data/dhcp:dhcp/
                     dhcp:shared-networks/dhcp:shared-network">
   <sch:report test="preceding-sibling::dhcp:shared-network
                     [dhcp:name=current()/dhcp:name]">
    Duplicate key "dhcp:name"
   </sch:report>
  </sch:rule>
  <sch:rule context="/nc:rpc-reply/nc:data/dhcp:dhcp/
                     dhcp:status/dhcp:leases">
   <sch:report test="preceding-sibling::dhcp:leases
                     [dhcp:address=current()/dhcp:address]">
    Duplicate key "dhcp:address"

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 98] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

   </sch:report>
  </sch:rule>
 </sch:pattern>
 <sch:pattern id="id2768196" is-a="_dhcp__subnet-list">
  <sch:param name="start" value="/nc:rpc-reply/nc:data/dhcp:dhcp"/>
  <sch:param name="pref" value="dhcp"/>
 </sch:pattern>
 <sch:pattern id="id2768215" is-a="_dhcp__subnet-list">
  <sch:param name="start"
             value="/nc:rpc-reply/nc:data/dhcp:dhcp/
                    dhcp:shared-networks/dhcp:shared-network"/>
  <sch:param name="pref" value="dhcp"/>
 </sch:pattern>
</sch:schema>

C.3.4. DSRL Schema for <nc:get> Reply

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <dsrl:maps
     xmlns:dsrl="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/dsrl"
     xmlns:dhcp="http://example.com/ns/dhcp"
     xmlns:nc="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
  <dsrl:element-map>
   <dsrl:parent>/nc:rpc-reply/nc:data</dsrl:parent>
   <dsrl:name>dhcp:dhcp</dsrl:name>
   <dsrl:default-content>
    <dhcp:max-lease-time>7200</dhcp:max-lease-time>
    <dhcp:default-lease-time>600</dhcp:default-lease-time>
   </dsrl:default-content>
  </dsrl:element-map>
  <dsrl:element-map>
   <dsrl:parent>/nc:rpc-reply/nc:data/dhcp:dhcp</dsrl:parent>
   <dsrl:name>dhcp:max-lease-time</dsrl:name>
   <dsrl:default-content>7200</dsrl:default-content>
  </dsrl:element-map>
  <dsrl:element-map>
   <dsrl:parent>/nc:rpc-reply/nc:data/dhcp:dhcp</dsrl:parent>
   <dsrl:name>dhcp:default-lease-time</dsrl:name>
   <dsrl:default-content>600</dsrl:default-content>
  </dsrl:element-map>
  <dsrl:element-map>
   <dsrl:parent>
    /nc:rpc-reply/nc:data/dhcp:dhcp/dhcp:subnet
   </dsrl:parent>
   <dsrl:name>dhcp:max-lease-time</dsrl:name>
   <dsrl:default-content>7200</dsrl:default-content>
  </dsrl:element-map>
  <dsrl:element-map>

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 99] RFC 6110 Mapping YANG to DSDL February 2011

   <dsrl:parent>
    /nc:rpc-reply/nc:data/dhcp:dhcp/dhcp:shared-networks/
    dhcp:shared-network/dhcp:subnet
   </dsrl:parent>
   <dsrl:name>dhcp:max-lease-time</dsrl:name>
   <dsrl:default-content>7200</dsrl:default-content>
  </dsrl:element-map>
 </dsrl:maps>

Author's Address

 Ladislav Lhotka (editor)
 CESNET
 EMail: lhotka@cesnet.cz

Lhotka Standards Track [Page 100]

/data/webs/external/dokuwiki/data/pages/rfc/rfc6110.txt · Last modified: 2011/02/11 23:40 by 127.0.0.1

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