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rfc:rfc5934

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) R. Housley Request for Comments: 5934 Vigil Security, LLC Category: Standards Track S. Ashmore ISSN: 2070-1721 National Security Agency

                                                            C. Wallace
                                                    Cygnacom Solutions
                                                           August 2010
              Trust Anchor Management Protocol (TAMP)

Abstract

 This document describes a transport independent protocol for the
 management of trust anchors (TAs) and community identifiers stored in
 a trust anchor store.  The protocol makes use of the Cryptographic
 Message Syntax (CMS), and a digital signature is used to provide
 integrity protection and data origin authentication.  The protocol
 can be used to manage trust anchor stores containing trust anchors
 represented as Certificate, TBSCertificate, or TrustAnchorInfo
 objects.

Status of This Memo

 This is an Internet Standards Track document.
 This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
 (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
 received public review and has been approved for publication by the
 Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on
 Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.
 Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
 and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
 http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5934.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

Copyright Notice

 Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
 document authors.  All rights reserved.
 This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
 Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
 (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
 publication of this document.  Please review these documents
 carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
 to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
 include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
 the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
 described in the Simplified BSD License.
 This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF
 Contributions published or made publicly available before November
 10, 2008.  The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this
 material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow
 modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process.
 Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling
 the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified
 outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may
 not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format
 it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other
 than English.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 2] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

Table of Contents

 1. Introduction ....................................................4
    1.1. Terminology ................................................5
    1.2. Trust Anchors ..............................................5
         1.2.1. Apex Trust Anchors ..................................6
         1.2.2. Management Trust Anchors ............................7
         1.2.3. Identity Trust Anchors ..............................7
    1.3. Architectural Elements .....................................8
         1.3.1. Cryptographic Module ................................8
         1.3.2. Trust Anchor Store ..................................9
         1.3.3. TAMP Processing Dependencies ........................9
         1.3.4. Application-Specific Protocol Processing ...........10
    1.4. ASN.1 Encoding ............................................11
 2. Cryptographic Message Syntax Profile ...........................12
    2.1. ContentInfo ...............................................13
    2.2. SignedData Info ...........................................14
         2.2.1. SignerInfo .........................................15
         2.2.2. EncapsulatedContentInfo ............................16
         2.2.3. Signed Attributes ..................................16
         2.2.4. Unsigned Attributes ................................18
 3. Trust Anchor Formats ...........................................18
 4. Trust Anchor Management Protocol Messages ......................19
    4.1. TAMP Status Query .........................................21
    4.2. TAMP Status Query Response ................................24
    4.3. Trust Anchor Update .......................................27
         4.3.1. Trust Anchor List ..................................31
    4.4. Trust Anchor Update Confirm ...............................32
    4.5. Apex Trust Anchor Update ..................................34
    4.6. Apex Trust Anchor Update Confirm ..........................36
    4.7. Community Update ..........................................38
    4.8. Community Update Confirm ..................................40
    4.9. Sequence Number Adjust ....................................42
    4.10. Sequence Number Adjust Confirm ...........................43
    4.11. TAMP Error ...............................................44
 5. Status Codes ...................................................45
 6. Sequence Number Processing .....................................50
 7. Subordination Processing .......................................51
 8. Implementation Considerations ..................................54
 9. Wrapped Apex Contingency Key Certificate Extension .............54
 10. Security Considerations .......................................55
 11. IANA Considerations ...........................................58
 12. References ....................................................58
    12.1. Normative References .....................................58
    12.2. Informative References ...................................59

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 3] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 Appendix A.  ASN.1 Modules ........................................61
   A.1.  ASN.1 Module Using 1993 Syntax ............................61
   A.2.  ASN.1 Module Using 1988 Syntax ............................70
 Appendix B.  Media Type Registrations .............................77
   B.1.  application/tamp-status-query .............................77
   B.2.  application/tamp-status-response ..........................78
   B.3.  application/tamp-update ...................................79
   B.4.  application/tamp-update-confirm ...........................80
   B.5.  application/tamp-apex-update ..............................81
   B.6.  application/tamp-apex-update-confirm ......................82
   B.7.  application/tamp-community-update .........................83
   B.8.  application/tamp-community-update-confirm .................84
   B.9.  application/tamp-sequence-adjust ..........................85
   B.10. application/tamp-sequence-adjust-confirm ..................86
   B.11. application/tamp-error ....................................87
 Appendix C.  TAMP over HTTP .......................................88
   C.1.  TAMP Status Query Message .................................89
   C.2.  TAMP Status Response Message ..............................89
   C.3.  Trust Anchor Update Message ...............................89
   C.4.  Trust Anchor Update Confirm Message .......................89
   C.5.  Apex Trust Anchor Update Message ..........................89
   C.6.  Apex Trust Anchor Update Confirm Message ..................90
   C.7.  Community Update Message ..................................90
   C.8.  Community Update Confirm Message ..........................90
   C.9.  Sequence Number Adjust Message ............................90
   C.10. Sequence Number Adjust Confirm Message ....................90
   C.11. TAMP Error Message ........................................91

1. Introduction

 This document describes the Trust Anchor Management Protocol (TAMP).
 TAMP may be used to manage the trust anchors and community
 identifiers in any device that uses digital signatures; however, this
 specification was written with the requirements of cryptographic
 modules in mind.  For example, TAMP can support signed firmware
 packages [RFC4108], where the trust anchor public key can be used to
 validate digital signatures on firmware packages or validate the
 X.509 certification path [RFC5280][X.509] of the firmware package
 signer.
 Most TAMP messages are digitally signed to provide integrity
 protection and data origin authentication.  Both signed and unsigned
 TAMP messages employ the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)
 [RFC5652].  The CMS is a data protection encapsulation syntax that
 makes use of ASN.1 [X.680].

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 4] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 This specification does not provide for confidentiality of TAMP
 messages.  If confidentiality is required, then the communications
 environment that is used to transfer TAMP messages must provide it.
 This specification is intended to satisfy the protocol-related
 requirements expressed in "Trust Anchor Management Requirements"
 [TA-MGMT-REQS] and uses vocabulary from that document.
 TAMP messages may be exchanged in real time over a network, such as
 via HTTP as described in Appendix A, or may be stored and transferred
 using other means.  TAMP exchanges consist of a request message that
 includes instructions for a trust anchor store and, optionally, a
 corresponding response message that reports the result of carrying
 out the instructions in the request.  Response messages need not be
 propagated in all cases.  For example, a GPS receiver may be unable
 to transmit a response and may instead use an attached display to
 indicate the results of processing a TAMP request.

1.1. Terminology

 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
 document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

1.2. Trust Anchors

 TAMP manages trust anchors.  A trust anchor contains a public key
 that is used to validate digital signatures.  TAMP recognizes three
 formats for representing trust anchor information: Certificate
 [RFC5280], TBSCertificate [RFC5280], and TrustAnchorInfo [RFC5914].
 All trust anchors are distinguished by the public key, and all trust
 anchors consist of the following components:
 o  A public key signature algorithm identifier and associated public
    key, which MAY include parameters
 o  A public key identifier
 Other information may appear in a trust anchor, including
 certification path processing controls and a human readable name.
 TAMP recognizes three types of trust anchors based on functionality:
 apex trust anchors, management trust anchors, and identity trust
 anchors.
 In addition to the information described above, apex trust anchors
 and management trust anchors that sign TAMP messages have an
 associated sequence number that is used for replay detection.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 5] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 The public key is used to name a trust anchor, and the public key
 identifier is used to identify the trust anchor as a signer of a
 particular object, such as a SignedData object or a public key
 certificate.  This public key identifier can be stored with the trust
 anchor, or in most public key identifier assignment methods, it can
 be computed from the public key whenever needed.
 A trust anchor public key can be used in two different ways to
 support digital signature validation.  In the first approach, the
 trust anchor public key is used directly to validate the digital
 signature.  In the second approach, the trust anchor public key is
 used to validate an X.509 certification path, and then the subject
 public key in the final certificate in the certification path is used
 to validate the digital signature.  When the second approach is
 employed, the certified public key may be used for things other than
 digital signature validation; the other possible actions are
 constrained by the key usage certificate extension.
 TAMP implementations MUST support validation of TAMP messages that
 are directly validated using a trust anchor.  Support for TAMP
 messages validated using an X.509 certificate validated using a trust
 anchor, or using longer certification paths, is OPTIONAL.  The CMS
 provides a location to carry X.509 certificates, and this facility
 can be used to transfer certificates to aid in the construction of
 the certification path.

1.2.1. Apex Trust Anchors

 Within the context of a single trust anchor store, one trust anchor
 is superior to all others.  This trust anchor is referred to as the
 apex trust anchor.  This trust anchor represents the ultimate
 authority over the trust anchor store.  Much of this authority can be
 delegated to other trust anchors.
 The apex trust anchor private key is expected to be controlled by an
 entity with information assurance responsibility for the trust anchor
 store.  The apex trust anchor is by definition unconstrained and
 therefore does not have explicit authorization information associated
 with it.
 Due to the special nature of the apex trust anchor, TAMP includes
 separate facilities to change it.  In particular, TAMP includes a
 facility to securely replace the apex trust anchor.  This action
 might be taken for one or more of the following reasons:
 o  The crypto period for the apex trust anchor public/private key
    pair has come to an end

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 6] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 o  The apex trust anchor private key is no longer available
 o  The apex trust anchor public/private key pair needs to be revoked
 o  The authority has decided to use a different digital signature
    algorithm or the same digital signature algorithm with different
    parameters, such as a different elliptic curve
 o  The authority has decided to use a different key size
 o  The authority has decided to transfer control to another authority
 To accommodate these requirements, the apex trust anchor MAY include
 two public keys.  Whenever the apex trust anchor is updated, both
 public keys will be replaced.  The first public key, called the
 operational public key, is used in the same manner as other trust
 anchors.  Any type of TAMP message, including an Apex Trust Anchor
 Update message, can be validated with the operational public key.
 The second public key, called the contingency public key, can only be
 used to update the apex trust anchor.  The contingency private key
 SHOULD be used at only one point in time; it is used only to sign an
 Apex Trust Anchor Update message that results in its own replacement
 (as well as the replacement of the operational public key).  The
 contingency public key is distributed in encrypted form.  When the
 contingency public key is used to validate an Apex Trust Anchor
 Update message, the symmetric key needed to decrypt the contingency
 public key is provided as part of the signed Apex Trust Anchor Update
 message that is to be verified with the contingency public key.

1.2.2. Management Trust Anchors

 Management trust anchors are used in the management of cryptographic
 modules.  For example, the TAMP messages specified in this document
 are validated to a management trust anchor.  Likewise, a signed
 firmware package as specified in [RFC4108] is validated to a
 management trust anchor.

1.2.3. Identity Trust Anchors

 Identity trust anchors are used to validate certification paths, and
 they represent the trust anchor for a public key infrastructure.
 They are most often used in the validation of certificates associated
 with non-management applications.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 7] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

1.3. Architectural Elements

 TAMP does not assume any particular architecture.  However, TAMP
 REQUIRES the following architectural elements: a cryptographic
 module, a trust anchor store, TAMP protocol processing, and other
 application-specific protocol processing.
 A globally unique algorithm identifier MUST be assigned for each one-
 way hash function, digital signature generation/validation algorithm,
 and symmetric key unwrapping algorithm that is implemented.  To
 support CMS, an object identifier (OID) is assigned to name a one-way
 hash function, and another OID is assigned to name each combination
 of a one-way hash function when used with a digital signature
 algorithm.  Similarly, certificates associate OIDs assigned to public
 key algorithms with subject public keys, and certificates make use of
 an OID that names both the one-way hash function and the digital
 signature algorithm for the certificate issuer digital signature.
 [RFC3279], [RFC3370], [RFC5753], and [RFC5754] provide OIDs for a
 number of commonly used algorithms; however, OIDs may be defined in
 later or different specifications.

1.3.1. Cryptographic Module

 The cryptographic module MUST include the following capabilities:
 o  The cryptographic module SHOULD support the secure storage of a
    digital signature private key to sign TAMP responses and either a
    certificate containing the associated public key or a certificate
    designator.  In the latter case, the certificate is stored
    elsewhere but is available to parties that need to validate
    cryptographic module digital signatures.  The designator is a
    public key identifier.
 o  The cryptographic module MUST support at least one one-way hash
    function, one digital signature validation algorithm, one digital
    signature generation algorithm, and, if contingency keys are
    supported, one symmetric key unwrapping algorithm.  If only one
    one-way hash function is present, it MUST be consistent with the
    digital signature validation and digital signature generation
    algorithms.  If only one digital signature validation algorithm is
    present, it MUST be consistent with the apex trust anchor
    operational public key.  If only one digital signature generation
    algorithm is present, it MUST be consistent with the cryptographic
    module digital signature private key.  These algorithms MUST be
    available for processing TAMP messages, including the content
    types defined in [RFC5652], and for validation of X.509

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 8] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

    certification paths.  As with similar specifications, such as
    RFC 5280, this specification does not mandate support for any
    cryptographic algorithms.  However, algorithm requirements may be
    imposed by specifications that use trust anchors managed via TAMP.

1.3.2. Trust Anchor Store

 The trust anchor store MUST include the following capabilities:
 o  Each trust anchor store MUST have a unique name.  For example, a
    cryptographic module containing a single trust anchor store may be
    identified by a unique serial number with respect to other modules
    within the same family where the family is represented as an ASN.1
    object identifier (OID) and the unique serial number is
    represented as a string of octets.  Other means of establishing a
    unique name are also possible.
 o  Each trust anchor store SHOULD have the capability to securely
    store one or more community identifiers.  The community identifier
    is an OID, and it identifies a collection of cryptographic modules
    that can be the target of a single TAMP message or the intended
    recipients for a particular management message.
 o  The trust anchor store SHOULD support the use of an apex trust
    anchor.  If apex support is provided, the trust anchor store MUST
    support the secure storage of exactly one apex trust anchor.  The
    trust anchor store SHOULD support the secure storage of at least
    one additional trust anchor.  Each trust anchor MUST contain a
    unique public key.  A public key MUST NOT appear more than once in
    a trust anchor store.
 o  The trust anchor store MUST have the capability to securely store
    a sequence number for each trust anchor authorized to generate
    TAMP messages and be able to report the sequence number along with
    the key identifier of the trust anchor.

1.3.3. TAMP Processing Dependencies

 TAMP processing MUST include the following capabilities:
 o  TAMP processing MUST have a means of locating an appropriate trust
    anchor.  Two mechanisms are available.  The first mechanism is
    based on the public key identifier for digital signature
    verification, and the second mechanism is based on the trust
    anchor X.500 distinguished name and other X.509 certification path
    controls for certificate path discovery and validation.  The first
    mechanism MUST be supported, but the second mechanism MAY be
    supported.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 9] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 o  TAMP processing MUST be able to invoke the digital signature
    validation algorithm using the public key held in secure storage
    for trust anchors.
 o  TAMP processing MUST have read and write access to secure storage
    for sequence numbers associated with each TAMP message signer as
    described in Section 6.
 o  TAMP processing MUST have read and write access to secure storage
    for trust anchors in order to update them.  Update operations
    include adding trust anchors, removing trust anchors, and
    modifying trust anchors.  Application-specific constraints MUST be
    securely stored with each management trust anchor as described in
    Section 1.3.4.
 o  TAMP processing MUST have read access to secure storage for the
    community membership list, if any, to determine whether a targeted
    message ought to be accepted.
 o  To implement the OPTIONAL community identifier update feature,
    TAMP processing MUST have read and write access to secure storage
    for the community membership list.
 o  To generate signed confirmation messages, TAMP processing MUST be
    able to invoke the digital signature generation algorithm using
    the cryptographic module digital signature private key, and it
    MUST have read access to the cryptographic module certificate or
    its designator.  TAMP uses X.509 certificates [RFC5280].
 o  The TAMP processing MUST have read access to the trust anchor
    store unique name.

1.3.4. Application-Specific Protocol Processing

 The apex trust anchor and management trust anchors managed with TAMP
 can be used by the TAMP application.  Other management applications
 MAY make use of all three types of trust anchors, but non-management
 applications SHOULD only make use of identity trust anchors.
 Applications MUST ensure that usage of a trust anchor is consistent
 with any constraints associated with the trust anchor.  For example,
 if name constraints are associated with a trust anchor, certification
 paths that start with the trust anchor and contain certificates with
 names that violate the name constraints MUST be rejected.
 The application-specific protocol processing MUST be provided with
 the following services:

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 10] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 o  The application-specific protocol processing MUST have a means of
    locating an appropriate trust anchor.  Two mechanisms are
    available to applications.  The first mechanism is based on the
    public key identifier for digital signature verification, and the
    second mechanism is based on the trust anchor X.500 distinguished
    name and other X.509 certification path controls for certificate
    path discovery and validation.
 o  The application-specific protocol processing MUST be able to
    invoke the digital signature validation algorithm using the public
    key held in secure storage for trust anchors.
 o  The application-specific protocol processing MUST have read access
    to data associated with trust anchors to ensure that constraints
    can be enforced appropriately.  For example, an application MUST
    have read access to any name constraints associated with a TA to
    ensure that certification paths terminated by that TA do not
    include certificates issued to entities outside the TA manager-
    designated namespace.
 o  The application-specific protocol processing MUST have read access
    to secure storage for the community membership list, if any, to
    determine whether a targeted message ought to be accepted.
 o  If the application-specific protocol requires digital signatures
    on confirmation messages or receipts, then the application-
    specific protocol processing MUST be able to invoke the digital
    signature generation algorithm with the cryptographic module
    digital signature private key and its associated certificate or
    certificate designator.  Digital signature generation MUST be
    controlled in a manner that ensures that the content type of
    signed confirmation messages or receipts is appropriate for the
    application-specific protocol processing.
 o  The application-specific protocol processing MUST have read access
    to the trust anchor store unique name.

1.4. ASN.1 Encoding

 The CMS uses Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) [X.680].  ASN.1 is
 a formal notation used for describing data protocols, regardless of
 the programming language used by the implementation.  Encoding rules
 describe how the values defined in ASN.1 will be represented for
 transmission.  The Basic Encoding Rules (BER) [X.690] are the most
 widely employed rule set, but they offer more than one way to
 represent data structures.  For example, definite-length encoding and
 indefinite-length encoding are supported.  This flexibility is not
 desirable when digital signatures are used.  As a result, the

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 11] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER) [X.690] were invented.  DER is a
 subset of BER that ensures a single way to represent a given value.
 For example, DER always employs definite-length encoding.
 Digitally signed structures MUST be encoded with DER.  In other
 specifications, structures that are not digitally signed do not
 require DER, but in this specification, DER is REQUIRED for all
 structures.  By always using DER, the TAMP processor will have fewer
 options to implement.
 ASN.1 is used throughout the text of this document for illustrative
 purposes.  The authoritative source of ASN.1 for the structures
 defined in this document is Appendix A.

2. Cryptographic Message Syntax Profile

 TAMP makes use of signed and unsigned messages.  The Cryptographic
 Message Syntax (CMS) is used in both cases.  A digital signature is
 used to protect the message from undetected modification and provide
 data origin authentication.  TAMP makes no general provision for
 encryption of content.
 CMS is used to construct a signed TAMP message.  The CMS ContentInfo
 content type MUST always be present.  For signed messages,
 ContentInfo MUST encapsulate the CMS SignedData content type; for
 unsigned messages, ContentInfo MUST encapsulate the TAMP message
 directly.  The CMS SignedData content type MUST encapsulate the TAMP
 message.  A unique content type identifier identifies the particular
 type of TAMP message.  The CMS encapsulation of a signed TAMP message
 is summarized by:
  ContentInfo {
    contentType id-signedData, -- (1.2.840.113549.1.7.2)
    content     SignedData
  }
  SignedData {
    version           CMSVersion, -- Always set to 3
    digestAlgorithms  DigestAlgorithmIdentifiers, -- Only one
    encapContentInfo  EncapsulatedContentInfo,
    certificates      CertificateSet, -- OPTIONAL signer certificates
    crls              CertificateRevocationLists, -- OPTIONAL
    signerInfos       SET OF SignerInfo -- Only one
  }

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 12] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

  SignerInfo {
    version             CMSVersion, -- Always set to 3
    sid                 SignerIdentifier,
    digestAlgorithm     DigestAlgorithmIdentifier,
    signedAttrs         SignedAttributes,
                                        -- REQUIRED in TAMP messages
    signatureAlgorithm  SignatureAlgorithmIdentifier,
    signature           SignatureValue,
    unsignedAttrs       UnsignedAttributes -- OPTIONAL; may only be
  }                                        -- present in Apex Trust
                                           -- Anchor Update messages
  EncapsulatedContentInfo {
    eContentType  OBJECT IDENTIFIER, -- Names TAMP message type
    eContent      OCTET STRING       -- Contains TAMP message
  }
 When a TAMP message is used to update the apex trust anchor, this
 same structure is used; however, the digital signature will be
 validated with either the apex trust anchor operational public key or
 the contingency public key.  When the contingency public key is used,
 the symmetric key needed to decrypt the previously stored contingency
 public key is provided as a contingency-public-key-decrypt-key
 unsigned attribute.  Section 4.5 of this document describes the Apex
 Trust Anchor Update message.
 CMS is also used to construct an unsigned TAMP message.  The CMS
 ContentInfo structure MUST always be present, and it MUST be the
 outermost layer of encapsulation.  A unique content type identifier
 identifies the particular TAMP message.  The CMS encapsulation of an
 unsigned TAMP message is summarized by:
  ContentInfo {
    contentType  OBJECT IDENTIFIER, -- Names TAMP message type
    content      OCTET STRING       -- Contains TAMP message
  }

2.1. ContentInfo

 CMS requires the outermost encapsulation to be ContentInfo [RFC5652].
 The fields of ContentInfo are used as follows:
 o  contentType indicates the type of the associated content, and for
    TAMP, the encapsulated type is either SignedData or the content
    type identifier associated with an unsigned TAMP message.  When
    the id-signedData (1.2.840.113549.1.7.2) object identifier is
    present in this field, then a signed TAMP message is in the
    content.  Otherwise, an unsigned TAMP message is in the content.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 13] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 o  content holds the content, and for TAMP, the content is either a
    SignedData content or an unsigned TAMP message.

2.2. SignedData Info

 The SignedData content type [RFC5652] contains the signed TAMP
 message and a digital signature value; the SignedData content type
 MAY also contain the certificates needed to validate the digital
 signature.  The fields of SignedData are used as follows:
 o  version is the syntax version number, and for TAMP, the version
    number MUST be set to 3.
 o  digestAlgorithms is a collection of one-way hash function
    identifiers, and for TAMP, it contains a single one-way hash
    function identifier.  The one-way hash function employed by the
    TAMP message originator in generating the digital signature MUST
    be present.
 o  encapContentInfo is the signed content, consisting of a content
    type identifier and the content itself.  The use of the
    EncapsulatedContentInfo type is discussed further in
    Section 2.2.2.
 o  certificates is an OPTIONAL collection of certificates.  It MAY be
    omitted, or it MAY include the X.509 certificates needed to
    construct the certification path of the TAMP message originator.
    For TAMP messages sent to a trust anchor store where an apex trust
    anchor or management trust anchor is used directly to validate the
    TAMP message digital signature, this field SHOULD be omitted.
    When an apex trust anchor or management trust anchor is used to
    validate an X.509 certification path [RFC5280], and the subject
    public key from the final certificate in the certification path is
    used to validate the TAMP message digital signature, the
    certificate of the TAMP message originator SHOULD be included, and
    additional certificates to support certification path construction
    MAY be included.  For TAMP messages sent by a trust anchor store,
    this field SHOULD include only the signer's certificate or should
    be omitted.  A TAMP message recipient MUST NOT reject a valid TAMP
    message that contains certificates that are not needed to validate
    the digital signature.  PKCS#6 extended certificates [PKCS#6] and
    attribute certificates (either version 1 or version 2) [RFC5755]
    MUST NOT be included in the set of certificates; these certificate
    formats are not used in TAMP.  Certification authority (CA)
    certificates and end entity certificates MUST conform to the
    profiles defined in [RFC5280].

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 14] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 o  crls is an OPTIONAL collection of certificate revocation lists
    (CRLs).
 o  signerInfos is a collection of per-signer information, and for
    TAMP, the collection MUST contain exactly one SignerInfo.  The use
    of the SignerInfo type is discussed further in Section 2.2.1.

2.2.1. SignerInfo

 The TAMP message originator is represented in the SignerInfo type.
 The fields of SignerInfo are used as follows:
 o  version is the syntax version number.  With TAMP, the version MUST
    be set to 3.
 o  sid identifies the TAMP message originator's public key.  The
    subjectKeyIdentifier alternative is always used with TAMP, which
    identifies the public key directly.  When the public key is
    included in a TrustAnchorInfo object, this identifier is included
    in the keyId field.  When the public key is included in a
    Certificate or TBSCertificate, this identifier is included in the
    subjectKeyIdentifier certificate extension.
 o  digestAlgorithm identifies the one-way hash function, and any
    associated parameters, used by the TAMP message originator.  It
    MUST contain the one-way hash functions employed by the
    originator.  This message digest algorithm identifier MUST match
    the one carried in the digestAlgorithms field in SignedData.  The
    message digest algorithm identifier is carried in two places to
    facilitate stream processing by the receiver.
 o  signedAttrs is an OPTIONAL set of attributes that are signed along
    with the content.  The signedAttrs are OPTIONAL in the CMS, but
    signedAttrs is REQUIRED for all signed TAMP messages.  The SET OF
    Attribute MUST be encoded with the Distinguished Encoding Rules
    (DER) [X.690].  Section 2.2.3 of this document lists the signed
    attributes that MUST be included in the collection.  Other signed
    attributes MAY be included, but any unrecognized signed attributes
    MUST be ignored.
 o  signatureAlgorithm identifies the digital signature algorithm, and
    any associated parameters, used by the TAMP message originator to
    generate the digital signature.
 o  signature is the digital signature value generated by the TAMP
    message originator.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 15] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 o  unsignedAttrs is an OPTIONAL set of attributes that are not
    signed.  For TAMP, this field is usually omitted.  It is present
    only in Apex Trust Anchor Update messages that are to be validated
    using the apex trust anchor contingency public key.  In this case,
    the SET OF Attribute MUST include the symmetric key needed to
    decrypt the contingency public key in the contingency-public-key-
    decrypt-key unsigned attribute.  Section 2.2.4 of this document
    describes this unsigned attribute.

2.2.2. EncapsulatedContentInfo

 The EncapsulatedContentInfo structure contains the TAMP message.  The
 fields of EncapsulatedContentInfo are used as follows:
 o  eContentType is an object identifier that uniquely specifies the
    content type, and for TAMP, the value identifies the TAMP message.
    The list of TAMP message content types is provided in Section 4.
 o  eContent is the TAMP message, encoded as an octet string.  In
    general, the CMS does not require the eContent to be DER-encoded
    before constructing the octet string.  However, TAMP messages MUST
    be DER-encoded.

2.2.3. Signed Attributes

 The TAMP message originator MUST digitally sign a collection of
 attributes along with the TAMP message.  Each attribute in the
 collection MUST be DER-encoded.  The syntax for attributes is defined
 in [RFC5912].
 Each of the attributes used with this CMS profile has a single
 attribute value.  Even though the syntax is defined as a SET OF
 AttributeValue, there MUST be exactly one instance of AttributeValue
 present.
 The SignedAttributes syntax within SignerInfo is defined as a SET OF
 Attribute.  The SignedAttributes MUST include only one instance of
 any particular attribute.  TAMP messages that violate this rule MUST
 be rejected as malformed.
 The TAMP message originator MUST include the content-type and
 message-digest attributes.  The TAMP message originator MAY also
 include the binary-signing-time attribute.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 16] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 The TAMP message originator MAY include any other attribute that it
 deems appropriate.  The intent is to allow additional signed
 attributes to be included if a future need is identified.  This does
 not cause an interoperability concern because unrecognized signed
 attributes MUST be ignored.
 The following summarizes the signed attribute requirements for TAMP
 messages:
 o  content-type MUST be supported.
 o  message-digest MUST be supported.
 o  binary-signing-time MAY be supported.  When present, it is
    generally ignored by the recipient.
 o  other attributes MAY be supported.  Unrecognized attributes MUST
    be ignored by the recipient.

2.2.3.1. Content-Type Attribute

 The TAMP message originator MUST include a content-type attribute; it
 is an object identifier that uniquely specifies the content type.
 Section 11.1 of [RFC5652] defines the content-type attribute.  For
 TAMP, the value identifies the TAMP message.  The list of TAMP
 message content types and their identifiers is provided in Section 4.
 A content-type attribute MUST contain the same object identifier as
 the content type contained in the EncapsulatedContentInfo.

2.2.3.2. Message-Digest Attribute

 The TAMP message originator MUST include a message-digest attribute,
 having as its value the output of a one-way hash function computed on
 the TAMP message that is being signed.  Section 11.2 of [RFC5652]
 defines the message-digest attribute.

2.2.3.3. Binary-Signing-Time Attribute

 The TAMP message originator MAY include a binary-signing-time
 attribute, specifying the time at which the digital signature was
 applied to the TAMP message.  The binary-signing-time attribute is
 defined in [RFC4049].
 No processing of the binary-signing-time attribute is REQUIRED of a
 TAMP message recipient; however, the binary-signing-time attribute
 MAY be included by the TAMP message originator as a form of message
 identifier.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 17] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

2.2.4. Unsigned Attributes

 For TAMP, unsigned attributes are usually omitted.  An unsigned
 attribute is present only in Apex Trust Anchor Update messages that
 are to be validated by the apex trust anchor contingency public key.
 In this case, the symmetric key to decrypt the previous contingency
 public key is provided in the contingency-public-key-decrypt-key
 unsigned attribute.  This attribute MUST be supported, and it is
 described in Section 2.2.4.1.
 The TAMP message originator SHOULD NOT include other unsigned
 attributes, and any unrecognized unsigned attributes MUST be ignored.
 The UnsignedAttributes syntax within SignerInfo is defined as a SET
 OF Attribute.  The UnsignedAttributes MUST include only one instance
 of any particular attribute.  TAMP messages that violate this rule
 MUST be rejected as malformed.

2.2.4.1. Contingency-Public-Key-Decrypt-Key Attribute

 The contingency-public-key-decrypt-key attribute provides the
 plaintext symmetric key needed to decrypt the previously distributed
 apex trust anchor contingency public key.  The symmetric key MUST be
 useable with the symmetric algorithm used to previously encrypt the
 contingency public key.
 The contingency-public-key-decrypt-key attribute has the following
 syntax:
  contingency-public-key-decrypt-key ATTRIBUTE ::= {
    WITH SYNTAX PlaintextSymmetricKey
    SINGLE VALUE TRUE
    ID id-aa-TAMP-contingencyPublicKeyDecryptKey }
  id-aa-TAMP-contingencyPublicKeyDecryptKey
    OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-attributes 63 }
  PlaintextSymmetricKey ::= OCTET STRING

3. Trust Anchor Formats

 TAMP recognizes three formats for representing trust anchor
 information within the protocol itself: Certificate [RFC5280],
 TBSCertificate [RFC5280], and TrustAnchorInfo [RFC5914].  The
 TrustAnchorChoice structure, defined in [RFC5914], is used to select
 one of these options.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 18] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

  TrustAnchorChoice ::= CHOICE {
   certificate  Certificate,
   tbsCert      [1] EXPLICIT TBSCertificate,
   taInfo       [2] EXPLICIT TrustAnchorInfo }
 The Certificate structure is commonly used to represent trust
 anchors.  Certificates include a signature, which removes the ability
 for relying parties to customize the information within the structure
 itself.  TBSCertificate contains all of the information of the
 Certificate structure except for the signature, enabling tailoring of
 the information.  TrustAnchorInfo is intended to serve as a
 minimalist representation of trust anchor information for scenarios
 where storage or bandwidth is highly constrained.
 Implementations are not required to support all three options.  The
 unsupportedTrustAnchorFormat error code should be indicated when
 generating a TAMPError due to receipt of an unsupported trust anchor
 format.

4. Trust Anchor Management Protocol Messages

 TAMP makes use of signed and unsigned messages.  The CMS is used in
 both cases.  An object identifier is assigned to each TAMP message
 type, and this object identifier is used as a content type in the
 CMS.
 TAMP specifies eleven message types.  The following provides the
 content type identifier for each TAMP message type, and it indicates
 whether a digital signature is required.  If the following indicates
 that the TAMP message MUST be signed, then implementations MUST
 reject a message of that type that is not signed.
 o  The TAMP Status Query message MUST be signed.  It uses the
    following object identifier: { id-tamp 1 }.
 o  The TAMP Status Response message SHOULD be signed.  It uses the
    following object identifier: { id-tamp 2 }.
 o  The Trust Anchor Update message MUST be signed.  It uses the
    following object identifier: { id-tamp 3 }.
 o  The Trust Anchor Update Confirm message SHOULD be signed.  It uses
    the following object identifier: { id-tamp 4 }.
 o  The Apex Trust Anchor Update message MUST be signed.  It uses the
    following object identifier: { id-tamp 5 }.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 19] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 o  The Apex Trust Anchor Update Confirm message SHOULD be signed.  It
    uses the following object identifier: { id-tamp 6 }.
 o  The Community Update message MUST be signed.  It uses the
    following object identifier: { id-tamp 7 }.
 o  The Community Update Confirm message SHOULD be signed.  It uses
    the following object identifier: { id-tamp 8 }.
 o  The Sequence Number Adjust MUST be signed.  It uses the following
    object identifier: { id-tamp 10 }.
 o  The Sequence Number Adjust Confirm message SHOULD be signed.  It
    uses the following object identifier: { id-tamp 11 }.
 o  The TAMP Error message SHOULD be signed.  It uses the following
    object identifier: { id-tamp 9 }.
 Trust anchor managers generate TAMP Status Query, Trust Anchor
 Update, Apex Trust Anchor Update, Community Update, and Sequence
 Number Adjust messages.  Trust anchor stores generate TAMP Status
 Response, Trust Anchor Update Confirm, Apex Trust Anchor Update
 Confirm, Community Update Confirm, Sequence Number Adjust Confirm,
 and TAMP Error messages.
 Support for Trust Anchor Update messages is REQUIRED.  Support for
 all other message formats is RECOMMENDED.  Implementations that
 support the HTTP binding described in Appendix C MUST additionally
 support Trust Anchor Update Confirm and TAMP Error messages and MAY
 support 0 or more of the following pairs of messages: TAMP Status
 Query and TAMP Status Query Response; Apex Trust Anchor Update and
 Apex Trust Anchor Update Confirm; Community Update and Community
 Update Confirm; Sequence Number Adjust and Sequence Number Adjust
 Confirm.  Implementations that operate in a disconnected manner MUST
 NOT assume a response will be received from each consumer of a TAMP
 message.
 A typical interaction between a trust anchor manager and a trust
 anchor store will follow the message flow shown in Figure 1.  Figure
 1 does not illustrate a flow where an error occurs.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 20] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

    +---------+                                +----------+
    |         |  Trust Anchor Status Query     |          |
    |         |------------------------------->|          |
    |         |                                |          |
    |         |  Trust Anchor Status Response  |          |
    | Trust   |<-------------------------------| Trust    |
    | Anchor  |                                | Anchor   |
    | Manager |  Trust Anchor Update           | Store    |
    |         |------------------------------->|          |
    |         |                                |          |
    |         |  Trust Anchor Update Confirm   |          |
    |         |<-------------------------------|          |
    |         |                                |          |
    +---------+                                +----------+
                 Figure 1.  Typical TAMP Message Flow
 Each TAMP query and update message includes an indication of the type
 of response that is desired.  The response can either be terse or
 verbose.  All trust anchor stores MUST support both the terse and
 verbose responses and SHOULD generate a response of the type
 indicated in the corresponding request.  TAMP response processors
 MUST support processing of both terse and verbose responses.
 Trust anchor stores SHOULD be able to process and properly act upon
 the valid payload of the TAMP Status Query message, the Trust Anchor
 Update message, the Apex Trust Anchor Update message, and the
 Sequence Number Adjust message.  TAMP implementations MAY also
 process and act upon the valid payload of the Community Update
 message.
 TAMP implementations SHOULD support generation of the TAMP Status
 Response message, the Trust Anchor Update Confirm message, the Apex
 Trust Anchor Update Confirm message, the Sequence Number Adjust
 Confirm message, and the TAMP Error message.  If a TAMP
 implementation supports the Community Update message, then generation
 of Community Update Confirm messages SHOULD also be supported.

4.1. TAMP Status Query

 The TAMP Status Query message is used to request information about
 the trust anchors that are currently installed in a trust anchor
 store, and for the list of communities to which the store belongs.
 The TAMP Status Query message MUST be signed.  For the query message
 to be valid, the trust anchor store MUST be an intended recipient of
 the query; the sequence number checking described in Section 6 MUST
 be successful when the TAMP message signer is a trust anchor; and the
 digital signature MUST be validated by the apex trust anchor

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 21] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 operational public key, an authorized management trust anchor, or via
 an authorized X.509 certification path originating with such a trust
 anchor.
 If the digital signature on the TAMP Status Query message is valid,
 sequence number checking is successful, the signer is authorized, and
 the trust anchor store is an intended recipient of the TAMP message,
 then a TAMP Status Response message SHOULD be returned.  If a TAMP
 Status Response message is not returned, then a TAMP Error message
 SHOULD be returned.
 The TAMP Status Query content type has the following syntax:
  CONTENT-TYPE  ::= TYPE-IDENTIFIER
  tamp-status-query CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
     { TAMPStatusQuery IDENTIFIED BY id-ct-TAMP-statusQuery }
  id-ct-TAMP-statusQuery OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 1 }
  TAMPStatusQuery ::= SEQUENCE {
    Version  [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
    terse    [1] TerseOrVerbose DEFAULT verbose,
    query    TAMPMsgRef }
  TAMPVersion ::= INTEGER { v1(1), v2(2) }
  TerseOrVerbose ::= ENUMERATED { terse(1), verbose(2) }
  TAMPMsgRef ::= SEQUENCE {
    target  TargetIdentifier,
    seqNum  SeqNumber }
  SeqNumber ::= INTEGER (0..9223372036854775807)
  TargetIdentifier ::= CHOICE {
    hwModules    [1] HardwareModuleIdentifierList,
    communities  [2] CommunityIdentifierList,
    allModules   [3] NULL,
    uri          [4] IA5String,
    otherName    [5] AnotherName }
  HardwareModuleIdentifierList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
                                   HardwareModules
  HardwareModules ::= SEQUENCE {
    hwType           OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
    hwSerialEntries  SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF HardwareSerialEntry }

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 22] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

  HardwareSerialEntry ::= CHOICE {
    all     NULL,
    single  OCTET STRING,
    block   SEQUENCE {
      low     OCTET STRING,
      high    OCTET STRING } }
  CommunityIdentifierList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (0..MAX) OF Community
  Community ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER
 The fields of TAMPStatusQuery are used as follows:
 o  version identifies version of TAMP.  For this version of the
    specification, the default value, v2, MUST be used.
 o  terse indicates the type of response that is desired.  A terse
    response is indicated by a value of 1, and a verbose response is
    indicated by a value of 2, which is omitted during encoding since
    it is the default value.
 o  query contains two items: the target and the seqNum.  target
    identifies the target(s) of the query message.  seqNum is a
    single-use value that will be used to match the TAMP Status Query
    message with the TAMP Status Response message.  The sequence
    number is also used to detect TAMP message replay.  The sequence
    number processing described in Section 6 MUST successfully
    complete before a response is returned.
 The fields of TAMPMsgRef are used as follows:
 o  target identifies the target(s) of the query.  Several
    alternatives for naming a target are provided.  To identify a
    cryptographic module, a combination of a cryptographic type and
    serial number are used.  The cryptographic type is represented as
    an ASN.1 object identifier, and the unique serial number is
    represented as a string of octets.  To facilitate compact
    representation of serial numbers, a contiguous block can be
    specified by the lowest included serial number and the highest
    included serial number.  When present, the high and low octet
    strings MUST have the same length.  The
    HardwareModuleIdentifierList sequence MUST NOT contain duplicate
    hwType values, so that each member of the sequence names all of
    the cryptographic modules of this type.  Object identifiers are
    also used to identify communities of trust anchor stores.  A
    sequence of these object identifiers is used if more than one
    community is the target of the message.  A trust anchor store is
    considered a target if it is a member of any of the listed

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 23] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

    communities.  An explicit NULL value is used to identify all
    modules that consider the signer of the TAMP message to be an
    authorized source for that message type.  The uri field can be
    used to identify a target, i.e., a trust anchor store, using a
    Uniform Resource Identifier [RFC3986].  Additional name types are
    supported via the otherName field, which is of type AnotherName.
    AnotherName is defined in [RFC5280].  The format and semantics of
    the name are indicated through the OBJECT IDENTIFIER in the type-
    id field.  The name itself is conveyed as a value field in
    otherName.  Implementations MUST support the allModules option and
    SHOULD support all TargetIdentifier options.
 o  seqNum contains a single-use value that will be used to match the
    TAMP Status Query message with the successful TAMP Status Response
    message.  The sequence number processing described in Section 6
    MUST successfully complete before a response is returned.
 To determine whether a particular cryptographic module serial number
 is considered part of a specified block, all of the following
 conditions MUST be met.  First, the cryptographic module serial
 number MUST be the same length as both the high and low octet
 strings.  Second, the cryptographic module serial number MUST be
 greater than or equal to the low octet string.  Third, the
 cryptographic module serial number MUST be less than or equal to the
 high octet string.
 One octet string is equal to another if they are of the same length
 and are the same at each octet position.  An octet string, S1, is
 greater than another, S2, where S1 and S2 have the same length, if
 and only if S1 and S2 have different octets in one or more positions,
 and in the first such position, the octet in S1 is greater than that
 in S2, considering the octets as unsigned binary numbers.  Note that
 these octet string comparison definitions are consistent with those
 in clause 6 of [X.690].

4.2. TAMP Status Query Response

 The TAMP Status Response message is a reply by a trust anchor store
 to a valid TAMP Status Query message.  The TAMP Status Response
 message provides information about the trust anchors that are
 currently installed in the trust anchor store and the list of
 communities to which the trust anchor store belongs, if any.  The
 TAMP Status Response message MAY be signed or unsigned.  A TAMP
 Status Response message MUST be signed if the implementation is
 capable of signing it.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 24] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 The TAMP Status Response content type has the following syntax:
  tamp-status-response CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
     { TAMPStatusResponse IDENTIFIED BY id-ct-TAMP-statusResponse }
  id-ct-TAMP-statusResponse OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 2 }
  TAMPStatusResponse ::= SEQUENCE {
    version   [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
    query     TAMPMsgRef,
    response  StatusResponse,
    usesApex  BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE }
  StatusResponse ::= CHOICE {
    terseResponse          [0] TerseStatusResponse,
    verboseResponse        [1] VerboseStatusResponse }
  TerseStatusResponse ::= SEQUENCE {
    taKeyIds               KeyIdentifiers,
    communities            CommunityIdentifierList OPTIONAL }
  KeyIdentifiers ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF KeyIdentifier
  VerboseStatusResponse ::= SEQUENCE {
    taInfo                 TrustAnchorChoiceList,
    continPubKeyDecryptAlg [0] AlgorithmIdentifier OPTIONAL,
    communities            [1] CommunityIdentifierList OPTIONAL,
    tampSeqNumbers         [2] TAMPSequenceNumbers OPTIONAL }
  TrustAnchorChoiceList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
      TrustAnchorChoice
  TAMPSequenceNumbers ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF TAMPSequenceNumber
  TAMPSequenceNumber ::= SEQUENCE {
    keyId       KeyIdentifier,
    seqNumber   SeqNumber }
 The fields of TAMPStatusResponse are used as follows:
 o  version identifies version of TAMP.  For this version of the
    specification, the default value, v2, MUST be used.
 o  query identifies the TAMPStatusQuery to which the trust anchor
    store is responding.  The query structure repeats the TAMPMsgRef
    from the TAMP Status Query message (see Section 4.1).  The
    sequence number processing described in Section 6 MUST
    successfully complete before any response is returned.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 25] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 o  response contains either a terse response or a verbose response.
    The terse response is represented by TerseStatusResponse, and the
    verbose response is represented by VerboseStatusResponse.
 o  usesApex is a Boolean value that indicates whether the first item
    in the TerseStatusResponse.taKeyIds or
    VerboseStatusResponse.taInfo field identifies the apex TA.
 The fields of TerseStatusResponse are used as follows:
 o  taKeyIds contains a sequence of key identifiers.  Each trust
    anchor contained in the trust anchor store is represented by one
    key identifier.  When TAMPStatusResponse.usesApex is TRUE, the
    apex trust anchor is represented by the first key identifier in
    the sequence, which contains the key identifier of the operational
    public key.
 o  communities is OPTIONAL.  When present, it contains a sequence of
    object identifiers.  Each object identifier names one community to
    which this trust anchor store belongs.  When the trust anchor
    store belongs to no communities, this field is omitted.
 The fields of VerboseStatusResponse are used as follows:
 o  taInfo contains a sequence of TrustAnchorChoice structures.  One
    entry in the sequence is provided for each trust anchor contained
    in the trust anchor store.  When TAMPStatusResponse.usesApex is
    TRUE, the apex trust anchor is the first trust anchor in the
    sequence.
 o  continPubKeyDecryptAlg is OPTIONAL.  When present, it indicates
    the decryption algorithm needed to decrypt the currently installed
    apex trust anchor contingency public key, if a contingency key is
    associated with the apex trust anchor.  When present,
    TAMPStatusResponse.usesApex MUST be TRUE.
 o  communities is OPTIONAL.  When present, it contains a sequence of
    object identifiers.  Each object identifier names one community to
    which this trust anchor store belongs.  When the trust anchor
    store belongs to no communities, this field is omitted.
 o  tampSeqNumbers is OPTIONAL.  When present, it is used to indicate
    the currently held sequence number for each trust anchor
    authorized to sign TAMP messages.  The keyId field identifies the
    trust anchor, and the seqNumber field provides the current
    sequence number associated with the trust anchor.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 26] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

4.3. Trust Anchor Update

 The Trust Anchor Update message is used to add, remove, and change
 management and identity trust anchors.  The Trust Anchor Update
 message cannot be used to update the apex trust anchor.  The Trust
 Anchor Update message MUST be signed.  For a Trust Anchor Update
 message to be valid, the trust anchor store MUST be an intended
 recipient of the update; the sequence number checking described in
 Section 6 MUST be successful when the TAMP message signer is a trust
 anchor; and the digital signature MUST be validated using the apex
 trust anchor operational public key, an authorized management trust
 anchor, or via an authorized X.509 certification path originating
 with such a trust anchor.
 If the digital signature on the Trust Anchor Update message is valid,
 sequence number checking is successful, the signer is authorized, and
 the trust anchor store is an intended recipient of the TAMP message,
 then the trust anchor store MUST perform the specified updates and
 return a Trust Anchor Update Confirm message.  If a Trust Anchor
 Update Confirm message is not returned, then a TAMP Error message
 SHOULD be returned.
 The Trust Anchor Update content type has the following syntax:
  tamp-update CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
     { TAMPUpdate IDENTIFIED BY id-ct-TAMP-update }
  id-ct-TAMP-update OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 3 }
  TAMPUpdate ::= SEQUENCE {
    version  [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
    terse    [1] TerseOrVerbose DEFAULT verbose,
    msgRef   TAMPMsgRef,
    updates  SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF TrustAnchorUpdate,
    tampSeqNumbers [2]TAMPSequenceNumbers OPTIONAL }
  TrustAnchorUpdate ::= CHOICE {
    add     [1] TrustAnchorChoice,
    remove  [2] SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
    change  [3] EXPLICIT TrustAnchorChangeInfoChoice }
  TrustAnchorChangeInfoChoice ::= CHOICE {
    tbsCertChange  [0] TBSCertificateChangeInfo,
    taChange       [1] TrustAnchorChangeInfo }

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 27] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

  TBSCertificateChangeInfo  ::=  SEQUENCE  {
    serialNumber         CertificateSerialNumber OPTIONAL,
    signature            [0] AlgorithmIdentifier OPTIONAL,
    issuer               [1] Name OPTIONAL,
    validity             [2] Validity OPTIONAL,
    subject              [3] Name OPTIONAL,
    subjectPublicKeyInfo [4] SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
    exts                 [5] EXPLICIT Extensions OPTIONAL }
  TrustAnchorChangeInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
    pubKey          SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
    keyId           KeyIdentifier OPTIONAL,
    taTitle         TrustAnchorTitle OPTIONAL,
    certPath        CertPathControls OPTIONAL,
    exts            [1] Extensions OPTIONAL }
 The fields of TAMPUpdate are used as follows:
 o  version identifies version of TAMP.  For this version of the
    specification, the default value, v2, MUST be used.
 o  terse indicates the type of response that is desired.  A terse
    response is indicated by a value of 1, and a verbose response is
    indicated by a value of 2, which is omitted during encoding since
    it is the default value.
 o  msgRef contains two items: the target and the seqNum.  target
    identifies the target(s) of the update message.  The
    TargetIdentifier syntax is described in Section 4.1.  seqNum is a
    single-use value that will be used to match the Trust Anchor
    Update message with the Trust Anchor Update Confirm message.  The
    sequence number is also used to detect TAMP message replay.  The
    sequence number processing described in Section 6 MUST
    successfully complete before any of the updates are processed.
 o  updates contains a sequence of updates, which are used to add,
    remove, and change management or identity trust anchors.  Each
    entry in the sequence represents one of these actions, and is
    indicated by an instance of TrustAnchorUpdate.  The actions are a
    batch of updates that MUST be processed in the order that they
    appear, but each of the updates is processed independently.  Each
    of the updates MUST satisfy the subordination checks described in
    Section 7.  Even if one or more of the updates fail, then the
    remaining updates MUST be processed.  These updates MUST NOT make
    any changes to the apex trust anchor.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 28] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 o  tampSeqNumbers MAY be included to provide the initial or new
    sequence numbers for trust anchors added or changed by the updates
    field.  Elements included in the tampSeqNumbers field that do not
    correspond to an element in the updates field are ignored.
    Elements included in the tampSeqNumbers field that do correspond
    to an element in the updates field and contain a sequence number
    less than or equal to the most recently stored sequence number for
    the trust anchor are ignored.  Elements included in the
    tampSeqNumbers field that do correspond to an element in the
    updates field and contain a sequence number greater than the most
    recently stored sequence number for the indicated trust anchor are
    processed by setting the stored sequence number for the trust
    anchor equal to the new value.
 The TrustAnchorUpdate is a choice of three structures, and each
 alternative represents one of the three possible actions: add,
 remove, and change.  A description of the syntax associated with each
 of these actions follows:
 o  add is used to insert a new management or identity trust anchor
    into the trust anchor store.  The TrustAnchorChoice structure is
    used to provide the trusted public key and all of the information
    associated with it.  However, the action MUST fail with the error
    code notAuthorized if the subordination checks described in
    Section 7 are not satisfied.  See Section 3 for a discussion of
    the TrustAnchorChoice structure.  The apex trust anchor cannot be
    introduced into a trust anchor store using this action; therefore,
    the id-pe-wrappedApexContinKey MUST NOT be present in the
    extensions field.  The constraints of the existing trust anchors
    are unchanged by this action.  An attempt to add a management or
    identity trust anchor that is already in place with the same
    values for every field in the TrustAnchorChoice structure MUST be
    treated as a successful addition.  An attempt to add a management
    or identity trust anchor that is already present with the same
    pubKey values, but with different values for any of the fields in
    the TrustAnchorChoice structure, MUST fail with the error code
    improperTAAddition.  This means a trust anchor may not be added
    twice using different TrustAnchorChoice options.  If a different
    format is desired, the existing trust anchor must be removed and
    the new format added.
 o  remove is used to delete an existing management or identity trust
    anchor from the trust anchor store, including the deletion of the
    management trust anchor associated with the TAMP message signer.
    However, the action MUST fail with the error code notAuthorized if
    the subordination checks described in Section 7 are not satisfied.
    The public key contained in SubjectPublicKeyInfo names the
    management or identity trust anchor to be deleted.  An attempt to

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 29] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

    delete a trust anchor that is not present MUST be treated as a
    successful deletion.  The constraints of the deleted trust anchor
    are not distributed to other trust anchors in any manner.  The
    apex trust anchor cannot be removed using this action, which
    ensures that this action cannot place the trust anchor store in an
    unrecoverable configuration.
 o  change is used to update the information associated with an
    existing management or identity trust anchor in the trust anchor
    store.  Attempts to change a trust anchor added as a Certificate
    MUST fail with the error code improperTAChange.  The public key
    contained in the SubjectPublicKeyInfo field of
    TrustAnchorChangeInfo or in the subjectPublicKeyInfo field of a
    TBSCertificateChangeInfo names the to-be-updated trust anchor.
    However, the action MUST fail with the error code notAuthorized if
    the subordination checks described in Section 7 are not satisfied.
    An attempt to change a trust anchor that is not present MUST
    result in a failure with the trustAnchorNotFound status code.  The
    TrustAnchorChangeInfo structure or the TBSCertificateChangeInfo
    structure is used to provide the revised configuration of the
    management or identity trust anchor.  If the update fails for any
    reason, then the original trust anchor configuration MUST be
    preserved.  The apex trust anchor information cannot be changed
    using this action.  Attempts to change a trust anchor added as a
    TBSCertificate using a TrustAnchorChangeInfo MUST fail with an
    improperTAChange error.  Attempts to change a trust anchor added
    as a TrustAnchorInfo using a TBSCertificateChangeInfo MUST fail
    with an improperTAChange error.
 The fields of TrustAnchorChangeInfo are used as follows:
 o  pubKey contains the algorithm identifier and the public key of the
    management or identity trust anchor.  It is used to locate the
    to-be-updated trust anchor in the trust anchor store.
 o  keyId is OPTIONAL, and when present, it contains the public key
    identifier of the trust anchor public key, which is contained in
    the pubKey field.  If this field is not present, then the public
    key identifier remains unchanged.  If this field is present, the
    provided public key identifier replaces the previous one.
 o  taTitle is OPTIONAL, and when present, it provides a human
    readable name for the management or identity trust anchor.  When
    absent in a change trust anchor update, any title that was
    previously associated with the trust anchor is removed.
    Similarly, when present in a change trust anchor update, the title

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 30] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

    in the message is associated with the trust anchor.  If a previous
    title was associated with the trust anchor, then the title is
    replaced.  If a title was not previously associated with the trust
    anchor, then the title from the update message is added.
 o  certPath is OPTIONAL, and when present, it provides the controls
    needed to construct and validate an X.509 certification path.
    When absent in a change trust anchor update, any controls that
    were previously associated with the management or identity trust
    anchor are removed, which means that delegation is no longer
    permitted.  Similarly, when present in a change trust anchor
    update, the controls in the message are associated with the
    management or identity trust anchor.  If previous controls,
    including the trust anchor distinguished name, were associated
    with the trust anchor, then the controls are replaced, which means
    that delegation continues to be supported, but that different
    certification paths will be valid.  If controls were not
    previously associated with the management or identity trust
    anchor, then the controls from the update message are added, which
    enables delegation.  The syntax and semantics of CertPathControls
    are discussed in [RFC5914].
 o  exts is OPTIONAL, and when present, it provides the extensions
    values that are associated with the trust anchor.  When absent in
    a change trust anchor update, any extensions that were previously
    associated with the trust anchor are removed.  Similarly, when
    present in a change trust anchor update, the extensions in the
    message are associated with the trust anchor.  Any extensions
    previously associated with the trust anchor are replaced or
    removed.
 The fields of TBSCertificateChangeInfo are used to alter the fields
 within a TBSCertificate structure.  TBSCertificate is described in
 [RFC5280].  For all fields except exts, if the field is absent in a
 change trust anchor update, then any previous value associated with a
 trust anchor is unchanged.  For the exts field, if the field is
 absent in a change trust anchor update, then any previous value
 associated with a trust anchor is removed.  For all fields, if the
 field is present in a change trust anchor update, then any previous
 value associated with a trust anchor is replaced with the value from
 the update message.

4.3.1. Trust Anchor List

 [RFC5914] defines the TrustAnchorList structure to convey a list of
 trust anchors.  TAMP implementations MAY process TrustAnchorList
 objects (with eContentType (or contentType) using the id-ct-
 trustAnchorList OID defined in [RFC5914]) as equivalent to TAMPUpdate

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 31] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 objects with terse set to terse, msgRef set to allModules (with a
 suitable sequence number), and all elements within the list contained
 within the add field.  This alternative to TrustAnchorUpdate is
 provided for implementations that perform integrity and authorization
 checks out-of-band as a simple means of transferring trust anchors
 from one trust anchor store to another.  It does not provide a means
 of removing or changing trust anchors and has no HTTP binding.

4.4. Trust Anchor Update Confirm

 The Trust Anchor Update Confirm message is a reply by a trust anchor
 store to a valid Trust Anchor Update message.  The Trust Anchor
 Update Confirm message provides success and failure information for
 each of the requested updates.  The Trust Anchor Update Confirm
 message MAY be signed or unsigned.  A Trust Anchor Update Confirm
 message MUST be signed if the implementation is capable of
 signing it.
 The Trust Anchor Update Confirm content type has the following
 syntax:
  tamp-update-confirm CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
     { TAMPUpdateConfirm IDENTIFIED BY id-ct-TAMP-updateConfirm }
  id-ct-TAMP-updateConfirm OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 4 }
  TAMPUpdateConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
    version  [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
    update   TAMPMsgRef,
    confirm  UpdateConfirm }
  UpdateConfirm ::= CHOICE {
    terseConfirm    [0] TerseUpdateConfirm,
    verboseConfirm  [1] VerboseUpdateConfirm }
  TerseUpdateConfirm ::= StatusCodeList
  StatusCodeList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF StatusCode
  VerboseUpdateConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
    status          StatusCodeList,
    taInfo          TrustAnchorChoiceList,
    tampSeqNumbers  TAMPSequenceNumbers OPTIONAL,
    usesApex        BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE }

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 32] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 The fields of TAMPUpdateConfirm are used as follows:
 o  version identifies version of TAMP.  For this version of the
    specification, the default value, v2, MUST be used.
 o  update identifies the TAMPUpdate message to which the trust anchor
    store is responding.  The update structure repeats the TAMPMsgRef
    from the Trust Anchor Update message (see Section 4.3).  The
    sequence number processing described in Section 6 MUST
    successfully complete before any of the updates are processed.
 o  confirm contains either a terse update confirmation or a verbose
    update confirmation.  The terse update confirmation is represented
    by TerseUpdateConfirm, and the verbose response is represented by
    VerboseUpdateConfirm.
 The TerseUpdateConfirm contains a sequence of status codes, one for
 each TrustAnchorUpdate structure in the Trust Anchor Update message.
 The status codes MUST appear in the same order as the
 TrustAnchorUpdate structures to which they apply, and the number of
 elements in the status code list MUST be the same as the number of
 elements in the trust anchor update list.  Each of the status codes
 is discussed in Section 5.
 The fields of VerboseUpdateConfirm are used as follows:
 o  status contains a sequence of status codes, one for each
    TrustAnchorUpdate structure in the Trust Anchor Update message.
    The status codes appear in the same order as the TrustAnchorUpdate
    structures to which they apply, and the number of elements in the
    status code list MUST be the same as the number of elements in the
    trust anchor update list.  Each of the status codes is discussed
    in Section 5.
 o  taInfo contains a sequence of TrustAnchorChoice structures.  One
    entry in the sequence is provided for each trust anchor contained
    in the trust anchor store.  These represent the state of the trust
    anchors after the updates have been processed.  When usesApex is
    true, the apex trust anchor is the first trust anchor in the
    sequence.
 o  tampSeqNumbers is used to indicate the currently held sequence
    number for each trust anchor authorized to sign TAMP messages.
    The keyId field identifies the trust anchor, and the seqNumber
    field provides the current sequence number associated with the
    trust anchor.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 33] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 o  usesApex is a Boolean value that indicates whether the first item
    in the taInfo field identifies the apex TA.

4.5. Apex Trust Anchor Update

 The Apex Trust Anchor Update message replaces the operational public
 key and, optionally, the contingency public key associated with the
 apex trust anchor.  Each trust anchor store has exactly one apex
 trust anchor.  No constraints are associated with the apex trust
 anchor.  The public key identifier of the operational public key is
 used to identify the apex trust anchor in subsequent TAMP messages.
 The digital signature on the Apex Trust Anchor Update message is
 validated with either the current operational public key or the
 current contingency public key.  For the Apex Trust Anchor Update
 message that is validated with the operational public key to be
 valid, the trust anchor store MUST be a target of the update, the
 sequence number MUST be larger than the most recently stored sequence
 number for the operational public key, and the digital signature MUST
 be validated directly with the operational public key.  That is, no
 delegation via a certification path is permitted.  For the Apex Trust
 Anchor Update message that is validated with the contingency public
 key to be valid, the trust anchor store MUST be a target of the
 update, the provided decryption key MUST properly decrypt the
 contingency public key, and the digital signature MUST be validated
 directly with the decrypted contingency public key.  Again, no
 delegation via a certification path is permitted.
 If the Apex Trust Anchor Update message is validated using the
 operational public key, then sequence number processing is handled
 normally, as described in Section 6.  If the Apex Trust Anchor Update
 message is validated using the contingency public key, then the
 TAMPMsgRef sequence number MUST contain a zero value.  A sequence
 number for subsequent messages that will be validated with the new
 operational public key can optionally be provided.  If no value is
 provided, then the trust anchor store MUST be prepared to accept any
 sequence number in the next TAMP message validated with the newly
 installed apex trust anchor operational public key.  If the Apex
 Trust Anchor Update message is valid and the clearTrustAnchors flag
 is set to TRUE, then all of the management and identity trust anchors
 stored in the trust anchor store MUST be deleted.  That is, the new
 apex trust anchor MUST be the only trust anchor remaining in the
 trust anchor store.  If the Apex Trust Anchor Update message is valid
 and the clearCommunities flag is set to TRUE, then all community
 identifiers stored in the trust anchor store MUST be deleted.
 The SignedData structure includes a SignerInfo.sid value, and it
 identifies the apex trust anchor public key that will be used to
 validate the digital signature on this TAMP message.  The public key

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 34] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 identifier for the operational public key is known in advance, and it
 is stored as part of the apex trust anchor.  The public key
 identifier for the contingency public key is not known in advance;
 however, the presence of the unsigned attribute containing the
 symmetric key needed to decrypt the contingency public key
 unambiguously indicates that the TAMP message signer used the
 contingency private key to sign the Apex Trust Anchor Update message.
 If the digital signature on the Apex Trust Anchor Update message is
 valid using either the apex trust anchor operational public key or
 the apex trust anchor contingency public key, sequence number
 checking is successful, and the trust anchor store is an intended
 recipient of the TAMP message, then the trust anchor store MUST
 update the apex trust anchor and return an Apex Trust Anchor Update
 Confirm message.  If an Apex Trust Anchor Update Confirm message is
 not returned, then a TAMP Error message SHOULD be returned.  Note
 that the sequence number MUST be zero if the Apex Trust Anchor Update
 message is validated with the apex trust anchor contingency public
 key.
 The Apex Trust Anchor Update content type has the following syntax:
  tamp-apex-update CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
     { TAMPApexUpdate IDENTIFIED BY id-ct-TAMP-apexUpdate }
  id-ct-TAMP-apexUpdate OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 5 }
  TAMPApexUpdate ::= SEQUENCE {
    version            [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
    terse              [1] TerseOrVerbose DEFAULT verbose,
    msgRef             TAMPMsgRef,
    clearTrustAnchors  BOOLEAN,
    clearCommunities   BOOLEAN,
    seqNumber          SeqNumber OPTIONAL,
    apexTA             TrustAnchorChoice }
 The fields of TAMPApexUpdate are used as follows:
 o  version identifies version of TAMP.  For this version of the
    specification, the default value, v2, MUST be used.
 o  terse indicates the type of response that is desired.  A terse
    response is indicated by a value of 1, and a verbose response is
    indicated by a value of 2, which is omitted during encoding since
    it is the default value.
 o  msgRef contains two items: the target and the seqNum.  target
    identifies the target(s) of the Apex Trust Anchor Update message.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 35] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

    The TargetIdentifier syntax as described in Section 4.1 is used.
    seqNum is a single-use value that will be used to match the Apex
    Trust Anchor Update message with the Apex Trust Anchor Update
    Confirm message.  The sequence number is also used to detect TAMP
    message replay if the message is validated with the apex trust
    anchor operational public key.  The sequence number processing
    described in Section 6 MUST successfully complete before any
    action is taken.  However, seqNum MUST contain a zero value if the
    message is validated with the apex trust anchor contingency
    public key.
 o  clearTrustAnchors is a Boolean.  If the value is set to TRUE, then
    all of the management and identity trust anchors stored in the
    trust anchor store MUST be deleted, leaving the newly installed
    apex trust anchor as the only trust anchor in the trust anchor
    store.  If the value is set to FALSE, the other trust anchors MUST
    NOT be changed.
 o  clearCommunities is a Boolean.  If the value is set to TRUE, then
    all of the community identifiers stored in the trust anchor store
    MUST be deleted, leaving none.  If the value is set to FALSE, the
    list of community identifiers MUST NOT be changed.
 o  seqNumber is OPTIONAL, and when present, it provides the initial
    sequence number for the apex trust anchor.  If seqNumber is
    absent, the trust anchor store is prepared to accept any sequence
    number value for the apex trust anchor operational public key.
 o  apexTA provides the information for the replacement apex trust
    anchor.  The TrustAnchorChoice structure is used to provide the
    trusted public key and all of the information associated with it.
    The pubKey, keyId, taTitle, certPath, and exts fields apply to the
    operational public key of the apex trust anchor.  The
    ApexTrustAnchorInfo certificate extension MAY appear as an
    extension.  Section 9 describes the WrappedApexContingencyKey
    certificate extension.

4.6. Apex Trust Anchor Update Confirm

 The Apex Trust Anchor Update Confirm message is a reply by a trust
 anchor store to a valid Apex Trust Anchor Update message.  The Apex
 Trust Anchor Update Confirm message provides success or failure
 information for the apex trust anchor update.  The Apex Trust Anchor
 Update Confirm message MAY be signed or unsigned.  An Apex Trust
 Anchor Update Confirm message MUST be signed if the trust anchor
 store is capable of signing it.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 36] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 The Apex Trust Anchor Update Confirm content type has the following
 syntax:
  tamp-apex-update-confirm CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
     { TAMPApexUpdateConfirm IDENTIFIED BY
       id-ct-TAMP-apexUpdateConfirm }
  id-ct-TAMP-apexUpdateConfirm OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 6 }
  TAMPApexUpdateConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
    version      [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
    apexReplace  TAMPMsgRef,
    apexConfirm  ApexUpdateConfirm }
  ApexUpdateConfirm ::= CHOICE {
    terseApexConfirm    [0] TerseApexUpdateConfirm,
    verboseApexConfirm  [1] VerboseApexUpdateConfirm }
  TerseApexUpdateConfirm ::= StatusCode
  VerboseApexUpdateConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
    status                 StatusCode,
    taInfo                 TrustAnchorChoiceList,
    communities            [0] CommunityIdentifierList OPTIONAL,
    tampSeqNumbers         [1] TAMPSequenceNumbers OPTIONAL }
 The fields of TAMPApexUpdateConfirm are used as follows:
 o  version identifies version of TAMP.  For this version of the
    specification, the default value, v2, MUST be used.
 o  apexReplace identifies the Apex Trust Anchor Update message to
    which the trust anchor store is responding.  The apexReplace
    structure repeats the TAMPMsgRef from the beginning of the Apex
    Trust Anchor Update message (see Section 4.5).  When the Apex
    Trust Anchor Update message is validated with the operational
    public key, the sequence number processing described in Section 6
    MUST successfully complete before an Apex Trust Anchor Update
    Confirm message is generated.  When the Apex Trust Anchor Update
    message is validated with the contingency public key, normal
    sequence number processing is ignored, but the seqNum MUST be
    zero.
 o  apexConfirm contains either a terse update confirmation or a
    verbose update confirmation.  The terse update confirmation is
    represented by TerseApexUpdateConfirm, and the verbose response is
    represented by VerboseApexUpdateConfirm.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 37] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 The TerseApexUpdateConfirm contains a single status code, indicating
 the success or failure of the apex trust anchor update.  If the apex
 trust anchor update failed, then the status code provides the reason
 for the failure.  Each of the status codes is discussed in Section 5.
 The fields of VerboseApexUpdateConfirm are used as follows:
 o  status contains a single status code, indicating the success or
    failure of the apex trust anchor update.  If the apex trust anchor
    update failed, then the status code provides the reason for the
    failure.  Each of the status codes is discussed in Section 5.
 o  taInfo contains a sequence of TrustAnchorChoice structures.  One
    entry in the sequence is provided for each trust anchor contained
    in the trust anchor store.  These represent the state of the trust
    anchors after the apex trust anchor update has been processed.
    See [RFC5914] for a description of the TrustAnchorInfo structure.
    The apex trust anchor is the first trust anchor in the sequence.
 o  communities is OPTIONAL.  When present, it contains a sequence of
    object identifiers.  Each object identifier names one community to
    which this trust anchor store belongs.  When the trust anchor
    store belongs to no communities, this field is omitted.
 o  tampSeqNumbers is used to indicate the currently held sequence
    number for each trust anchor authorized to sign TAMP messages.
    The keyId field identifies the trust anchor, and the seqNumber
    field provides the current sequence number associated with the
    trust anchor.

4.7. Community Update

 The trust anchor store maintains a list of identifiers for the
 communities of which it is a member.  The Community Update message
 can be used to remove or add community identifiers from this list.
 The Community Update message MUST be signed.  For the Community
 Update message to be valid, the trust anchor store MUST be a target
 of the update; the sequence number checking described in Section 6
 MUST be successful when the TAMP message signer is a trust anchor;
 and the digital signature MUST be validated by the apex trust anchor
 operational public key, an authorized management trust anchor, or via
 an authorized X.509 certification path originating with such a trust
 anchor.
 If the trust anchor store supports the Community Update message, the
 digital signature on the Community Update message is valid, sequence
 number checking is successful, the signer is authorized, and the
 trust anchor store is an intended recipient of the TAMP message, then

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 38] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 the trust anchor store MUST make the specified updates and return a
 Community Update Confirm message.  If a Community Update Confirm
 message is not returned, then a TAMP Error message SHOULD be
 returned.
 The Community Update message contains a batch of updates, and all of
 the updates MUST be accepted for the trust anchor store to return a
 successful Community Update Confirm message.  The remove updates, if
 present, MUST be processed before the add updates.  Where remove is
 present with an empty list, all community identifiers MUST be
 removed.  This approach prevents community identifiers that are
 intended to be mutually exclusive from being installed by a
 successful addition and a failed removal.  Where add is present, at
 least one community identifier MUST appear in the list.
 The Community Update content type has the following syntax:
  tamp-community-update CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
     { TAMPCommunityUpdate IDENTIFIED BY id-ct-TAMP-communityUpdate }
  id-ct-TAMP-communityUpdate OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 7 }
  TAMPCommunityUpdate ::= SEQUENCE {
    version  [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
    terse    [1] TerseOrVerbose DEFAULT verbose,
    msgRef   TAMPMsgRef,
    updates  CommunityUpdates }
  CommunityUpdates ::= SEQUENCE {
    remove     [1] CommunityIdentifierList OPTIONAL,
    add        [2] CommunityIdentifierList OPTIONAL }
     -- At least one MUST be present
 The fields of TAMPCommunityUpdate are used as follows:
 o  version identifies version of TAMP.  For this version of the
    specification, the default value, v2, MUST be used.
 o  terse indicates the type of response that is desired.  A terse
    response is indicated by a value of 1, and a verbose response is
    indicated by a value of 2, which is omitted during encoding since
    it is the default value.
 o  msgRef contains two items: the target and the seqNum.  target
    identifies the target(s) of the update message.  The
    TargetIdentifier syntax as described in Section 4.1 is used.
    seqNum is a single-use value that will be used to match the
    Community Update message with the Community Update Confirm

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 39] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

    message.  The sequence number is also used to detect TAMP message
    replay.  The sequence number processing described in Section 6
    MUST successfully complete before any of the updates are
    processed.
 o  updates contains a sequence of community identifiers to be removed
    and a sequence of community identifiers to be added.  These are
    represented by the CommunityUpdates structure.
 The CommunityUpdates is a sequence of two OPTIONAL sequences, but at
 least one of these sequences MUST be present.  The first sequence
 contains community identifiers to be removed, and if there are none,
 it is absent.  Where remove is present with an empty list, all
 community identifiers MUST be removed.  The second sequence contains
 community identifiers to be added, and if there are none, it is
 absent.  The remove updates, if present, MUST be processed before the
 add updates.  An error is generated if any of the requested removals
 or additions cannot be accomplished.  However, requests to remove
 community identifiers that are not present are treated as successful
 removals.  Likewise, requests to add community identifiers that are
 already present are treated as successful additions.  If an error is
 generated, the trust anchor store community list MUST NOT be changed.
 A description of the syntax associated with each of these actions
 follows:
 o  remove is used to remove one, multiple, or all community
    identifiers from the trust anchor store.
 o  add is used to insert one or more new community identifiers into
    the trust anchor store.

4.8. Community Update Confirm

 The Community Update Confirm message is a reply by a trust anchor
 store to a valid Community Update message.  The Community Update
 Confirm message provides success or failure information for the
 requested updates.  Success is returned only if the whole batch of
 updates is successfully processed.  If any of the requested updates
 cannot be performed, then a failure is indicated, and the set of
 community identifiers stored in the trust anchor store is unchanged.
 The Community Update Confirm message MAY be signed or unsigned.  A
 Community Update Confirm message MUST be signed if the trust anchor
 store is capable of signing it.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 40] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 The Community Update Confirm content type has the following syntax:
  tamp-community-update-confirm CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
     { TAMPCommunityUpdateConfirm IDENTIFIED BY
       id-ct-TAMP-communityUpdateConfirm }
  id-ct-TAMP-communityUpdateConfirm OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
     { id-tamp 8 }
  TAMPCommunityUpdateConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
    version      [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
    update       TAMPMsgRef,
    commConfirm  CommunityConfirm }
  CommunityConfirm ::= CHOICE {
    terseCommConfirm     [0] TerseCommunityConfirm,
    verboseCommConfirm   [1] VerboseCommunityConfirm }
  TerseCommunityConfirm ::= StatusCode
  VerboseCommunityConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
    status       StatusCode,
    communities  CommunityIdentifierList OPTIONAL }
 The fields of TAMPCommunityUpdateConfirm are used as follows:
 o  version identifies version of TAMP.  For this version of the
    specification, the default value, v2, MUST be used.
 o  update identifies the Community Update message to which the trust
    anchor store is responding.  The update structure repeats the
    TAMPMsgRef from the Community Update message (see Section 4.7).
    The sequence number processing described in Section 6 MUST
    successfully complete before any of the updates are processed.
 o  commConfirm contains either a terse community update confirmation
    or a verbose community update confirmation.  The terse response is
    represented by TerseCommunityConfirm, and the verbose response is
    represented by VerboseCommunityConfirm.
 The TerseCommunityConfirm contains a single status code, indicating
 the success or failure of the Community Update message processing.
 If the community update failed, then the status code indicates the
 reason for the failure.  Each of the status codes is discussed in
 Section 5.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 41] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 The fields of VerboseCommunityConfirm are used as follows:
 o  status contains a single status code, indicating the success or
    failure of the Community Update message processing.  If the
    community update failed, then the status code indicates the reason
    for the failure.  Each of the status codes is discussed in
    Section 5.
 o  communities is OPTIONAL.  When present, it contains the sequence
    of community identifiers present in the trust anchor store after
    the update is processed.  When the trust anchor store belongs to
    no communities, this field is omitted.

4.9. Sequence Number Adjust

 The trust anchor store maintains the current sequence number for the
 apex trust anchor and each management trust anchor authorized for
 TAMP messages.  Sequence number processing is discussed in Section 6.
 The Sequence Number Adjust message can be used to provide the most
 recently used sequence number to one or more targets, thereby
 reducing the possibility of replay.  The Sequence Number Adjust
 message MUST be signed.  For the Sequence Number Adjust message to be
 valid, the trust anchor store MUST be an intended recipient of the
 Sequence Number Adjust message, the sequence number MUST be equal to
 or larger than the most recently stored sequence number for the
 originating trust anchor, and the digital signature MUST be validated
 by the apex trust anchor operational public key or an authorized
 management trust anchor.
 If the digital signature on the Sequence Number Adjust message is
 valid, the sequence number is equal to or larger than the most
 recently stored sequence number for the originating trust anchor, the
 signer is authorized, and the trust anchor store is an intended
 recipient of the TAMP message, then the trust anchor store MUST
 update the sequence number associated with the originating trust
 anchor and return a Sequence Number Adjust Confirm message.  If a
 Sequence Number Adjust Confirm message is not returned, then a TAMP
 Error message SHOULD be returned.
 The Sequence Number Adjust message contains an adjustment for the
 sequence number of the TAMP message signer.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 42] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 The Sequence Number Adjust content type has the following syntax:
  tamp-sequence-number-adjust CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
     { SequenceNumberAdjust IDENTIFIED BY id-ct-TAMP-seqNumAdjust }
  id-ct-TAMP-seqNumAdjust OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 10 }
  SequenceNumberAdjust ::= SEQUENCE {
    Version  [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
    msgRef   TAMPMsgRef }
 The fields of SequenceNumberAdjust are used as follows:
 o  version identifies version of TAMP.  For this version of the
    specification, the default value, v2, MUST be used.
 o  msgRef contains two items: the target and the seqNum.  target
    identifies the target(s) of the sequence number adjust message.
    The TargetIdentifier syntax as described in Section 4.1 is used.
    The allModules target is expected to be used for Sequence Number
    Adjust messages.  seqNum MUST be equal to or larger than the most
    recently stored sequence number for this TAMP message signer, and
    the value will be used to match the Sequence Number Adjust message
    with the Sequence Number Adjust Confirm message.  The sequence
    number processing described in Section 6 applies, except that the
    sequence number in a Sequence Number Adjust message is acceptable
    if it matches the most recently stored sequence number for this
    TAMP message signer.  If sequence number checking completes
    successfully, then the sequence number is adjusted; otherwise, it
    remains unchanged.

4.10. Sequence Number Adjust Confirm

 The Sequence Number Adjust Confirm message is a reply by a trust
 anchor store to a valid Sequence Number Adjust message.  The Sequence
 Number Adjust Confirm message provides success or failure
 information.  Success is returned only if the sequence number for the
 trust anchor that signed the Sequence Number Adjust message
 originator is adjusted.  If the sequence number cannot be adjusted,
 then a failure is indicated, and the sequence number stored in the
 trust anchor store is unchanged.  The Sequence Number Adjust Confirm
 message MAY be signed or unsigned.  A Sequence Number Adjust Confirm
 message MUST be signed if the trust anchor store is capable of
 signing it.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 43] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 The Sequence Number Adjust Confirm content type has the following
 syntax:
  tamp-sequence-number-adjust-confirm CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
     { SequenceNumberAdjustConfirm IDENTIFIED BY
       id-ct-TAMP-seqNumAdjustConfirm }
  id-ct-TAMP-seqNumAdjustConfirm OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
     { id-tamp 11 }
  SequenceNumberAdjustConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
    version  [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
    adjust   TAMPMsgRef,
    status   StatusCode }
 The fields of SequenceNumberAdjustConfirm are used as follows:
 o  version identifies version of TAMP.  For this version of the
    specification, the default value, v2, MUST be used.
 o  adjust identifies the Sequence Number Adjust message to which the
    trust anchor store is responding.  The adjust structure repeats
    the TAMPMsgRef from the Sequence Number Adjust message (see
    Section 4.9).  The sequence number processing described in
    Section 6 MUST successfully complete to adjust the sequence number
    associated with the Sequence Number Adjust message originator.
 o  status contains a single status code, indicating the success or
    failure of the Sequence Number Adjust message processing.  If the
    adjustment failed, then the status code indicates the reason for
    the failure.  Each of the status codes is discussed in Section 5.

4.11. TAMP Error

 The TAMP Error message is a reply by a trust anchor store to any
 invalid TAMP message.  The TAMP Error message provides an indication
 of the reason for the error.  The TAMP Error message MAY be signed or
 unsigned.  A TAMP Error message MUST be signed if the trust anchor
 store is capable of signing it.  For the request types defined in
 this specification, TAMP Error messages MUST NOT be used to indicate
 a request message was successfully processed.  Each TAMP Error
 message identifies the type of TAMP message that caused the error.
 In cases where the TAMP message type cannot be determined, errors MAY
 be returned via other means, such as at the protocol level, via an
 attached display, etc.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 44] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 The TAMP Error message content type has the following syntax:
  tamp-error CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
     { TAMPError IDENTIFIED BY id-ct-TAMP-error }
  id-ct-TAMP-error OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 9 }
  TAMPError ::= SEQUENCE {
    version  [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
    msgType  OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
    status   StatusCode,
    msgRef   TAMPMsgRef OPTIONAL }
 The fields of TAMPError are used as follows:
 o  version identifies version of TAMP.  For this version of the
    specification, the default value, v2, MUST be used.
 o  msgType indicates the content type of the TAMP message that caused
    the error.
 o  status contains a status code that indicates the reason for the
    error.  Each of the status codes is discussed in Section 5.
 o  msgRef is OPTIONAL, but whenever possible it SHOULD be present.
    It identifies the TAMP message that caused the error.  It repeats
    the target and seqNum from the TAMP message that caused the error
    (see Sections 4.1, 4.3, 4.5, 4.7, and 4.9).

5. Status Codes

 The Trust Anchor Update Confirm, the Apex Trust Anchor Update
 Confirm, the Community Update Confirm, the Sequence Number Adjust
 Confirm, and the TAMP Error messages include status codes.  The
 syntax for the status codes is:
   StatusCode ::= ENUMERATED {
     success                            (0),
     decodeFailure                      (1),
     badContentInfo                     (2),
     badSignedData                      (3),
     badEncapContent                    (4),
     badCertificate                     (5),
     badSignerInfo                      (6),
     badSignedAttrs                     (7),
     badUnsignedAttrs                   (8),
     missingContent                     (9),
     noTrustAnchor                     (10),

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 45] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

     notAuthorized                     (11),
     badDigestAlgorithm                (12),
     badSignatureAlgorithm             (13),
     unsupportedKeySize                (14),
     unsupportedParameters             (15),
     signatureFailure                  (16),
     insufficientMemory                (17),
     unsupportedTAMPMsgType            (18),
     apexTAMPAnchor                    (19),
     improperTAAddition                (20),
     seqNumFailure                     (21),
     contingencyPublicKeyDecrypt       (22),
     incorrectTarget                   (23),
     communityUpdateFailed             (24),
     trustAnchorNotFound               (25),
     unsupportedTAAlgorithm            (26),
     unsupportedTAKeySize              (27),
     unsupportedContinPubKeyDecryptAlg (28),
     missingSignature                  (29),
     resourcesBusy                     (30),
     versionNumberMismatch             (31),
     missingPolicySet                  (32),
     revokedCertificate                (33),
     unsupportedTrustAnchorFormat      (34),
     improperTAChange                  (35),
     malformed                         (36),
     cmsError                          (37),
     unsupportedTargetIdentifier       (38),
     other                            (127) }
 The various values of StatusCode are used as follows:
 o  success is used to indicate that an update, portion of an update,
    or adjust was processed successfully.
 o  decodeFailure is used to indicate that the trust anchor store was
    unable to successfully decode the provided message.  The specified
    content type and the provided content do not match.
 o  badContentInfo is used to indicate that the ContentInfo syntax is
    invalid or that the contentType carried within the ContentInfo is
    unknown or unsupported.
 o  badSignedData is used to indicate that the SignedData syntax is
    invalid, the version is unknown or unsupported, or more than one
    entry is present in digestAlgorithms.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 46] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 o  badEncapContent is used to indicate that the
    EncapsulatedContentInfo syntax is invalid.  This error can be
    generated due to problems located in SignedData.
 o  badCertificate is used to indicate that the syntax for one or more
    certificates in CertificateSet is invalid.
 o  badSignerInfo is used to indicate that the SignerInfo syntax is
    invalid, or the version is unknown or unsupported.
 o  badSignedAttrs is used to indicate that the signedAttrs syntax
    within SignerInfo is invalid.
 o  badUnsignedAttrs is used to indicate that the unsignedAttrs syntax
    within SignerInfo is invalid.
 o  missingContent is used to indicate that the OPTIONAL eContent is
    missing in EncapsulatedContentInfo, which is REQUIRED in this
    specification.  This error can be generated due to problems
    located in SignedData.
 o  noTrustAnchor is used to indicate one of two possible error
    situations.  In one case, the subjectKeyIdentifier does not
    identify the public key of a trust anchor or a certification path
    that terminates with an installed trust anchor.  In the other
    case, the issuerAndSerialNumber is used to identify the TAMP
    message signer, which is prohibited by this specification.
 o  notAuthorized is used to indicate one of two possible error
    situations.  In one case, the sid within SignerInfo leads to an
    installed trust anchor, but that trust anchor is not an authorized
    signer for the received TAMP message content type.  Identity trust
    anchors are not authorized signers for any of the TAMP message
    content types.  In the other case, the signer of a Trust Anchor
    Update message is not authorized to manage the to-be-updated trust
    anchor as determined by a failure of the subordination processing
    in Section 7.
 o  badDigestAlgorithm is used to indicate that the digestAlgorithm in
    either SignerInfo or SignedData is unknown or unsupported.
 o  badSignatureAlgorithm is used to indicate that the
    signatureAlgorithm in SignerInfo is unknown or unsupported.
 o  unsupportedKeySize is used to indicate that the signatureAlgorithm
    in SignerInfo is known and supported, but the TAMP message digital
    signature could not be validated because an unsupported key size
    was employed by the signer.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 47] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 o  unsupportedParameters is used to indicate that the
    signatureAlgorithm in SignerInfo is known, but the TAMP message
    digital signature could not be validated because unsupported
    parameters were employed by the signer.
 o  signatureFailure is used to indicate that the signatureAlgorithm
    in SignerInfo is known and supported, but the digital signature in
    the signature field within SignerInfo could not be validated.
 o  insufficientMemory indicates that the update could not be
    processed because the trust anchor store did not have sufficient
    memory to store the resulting trust anchor configuration or
    community identifier.
 o  unsupportedTAMPMsgType indicates that the TAMP message could not
    be processed because the trust anchor store does not support the
    provided TAMP message type.  This code will be used if the
    id-ct-TAMP-communityUpdate content type is provided and the trust
    anchor store does not support the Community Update message.  This
    status code will also be used if the contentType value within
    eContentType is not one that is defined in this specification.
 o  apexTAMPAnchor indicates that the update could not be processed
    because the Trust Anchor Update message tried to remove the apex
    trust anchor.
 o  improperTAAddition indicates that a trust anchor update is trying
    to add a new trust anchor that may already exist, but some
    attributes of the to-be-added trust anchor are being modified in
    an improper manner.  The desired trust anchor configuration may be
    attainable with a change operation instead of an add operation.
 o  seqNumFailure indicates that the TAMP message could not be
    processed because the processing of the sequence number, which is
    described in Section 6, resulted in an error.
 o  contingencyPublicKeyDecrypt indicates that the update could not be
    processed because an error occurred while decrypting the
    contingency public key.
 o  incorrectTarget indicates that the query, update, or adjust
    message could not be processed because the trust anchor store is
    not the intended recipient.
 o  communityUpdateFailed indicates that the community update
    requested the addition of a community identifier or the removal of
    a community identifier, but the request could not be honored.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 48] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 o  trustAnchorNotFound indicates that a change to a trust anchor was
    requested, but the referenced trust anchor is not represented in
    the trust anchor store.
 o  unsupportedTAAlgorithm indicates that an update message would
    result in the trust anchor with a public key associated with a
    digital signature validation algorithm that is not implemented.
    In addition, this status code is used if the algorithm is
    supported, but the parameters associated with the algorithm are
    not supported.
 o  unsupportedTAKeySize indicates that the trust anchor would include
    a public key of a size that is not supported.
 o  unsupportedContinPubKeyDecryptAlg indicates that the decryption
    algorithm for the apex trust anchor contingency public key is not
    supported.
 o  missingSignature indicates that an unsigned TAMP message was
    received, but the received TAMP message type MUST be signed.
 o  resourcesBusy indicates that the resources necessary to process
    the TAMP message are not available at the present time, but the
    resources might be available at some point in the future.
 o  versionNumberMismatch indicates that the version number in a
    received TAMP message is not acceptable.
 o  missingPolicySet indicates that the policyFlags associated with a
    trust anchor are set in a fashion that requires the policySet to
    be present, but the policySet is missing.
 o  revokedCertificate indicates that one or more of the certificates
    needed to properly process the TAMP message have been revoked.
 o  unsupportedTrustAnchorFormat indicates that an unsupported trust
    anchor format was presented or the version is unknown or
    unsupported.
 o  improperTAChange indicates that a trust anchor update is trying to
    change a new trust anchor using a format different than the format
    of the existing trust anchor.
 o  malformed indicates an error in the composition of the CMS
    structure encapsulating a TAMP message.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 49] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 o  cmsError indicates an error processing a CMS structure that
    encapsulated a TAMP message, such as an error processing
    ContentType or MessageDigest attributes.
 o  unsupportedTargetIdentifier indicates that a msgRef with an
    unsupported TargetIdentifier option was encountered.
 o  other indicates that the update could not be processed, but the
    reason is not covered by any of the assigned status codes.  Use of
    this status code SHOULD be avoided.

6. Sequence Number Processing

 The sequence number processing facilities in TAMP represent a balance
 between replay protection, operational considerations, and trust
 anchor store memory management.  The goal is to provide replay
 protection without making TAMP difficult to use, creating an
 environment where surprising error conditions occur on a regular
 basis, or imposing onerous memory management requirements on
 implementations.  This balance is achieved by performing sequence
 number checking on TAMP messages that are validated directly using a
 trust anchor, and allowing these checks to be skipped whenever the
 TAMP message originator is not represented by a trust anchor.
 Implementations MUST perform sequence number checking on TAMP
 messages that are validated directly using a trust anchor and MAY
 perform sequence number checking for TAMP messages validated using a
 certification path.
 The TAMP Status Query, Trust Anchor Update, Apex Trust Anchor Update,
 Community Update, and Sequence Number Adjust messages include a
 sequence number.  This single-use identifier is used to match a TAMP
 message with the response to that TAMP message.  When the TAMP
 message is validated directly using a trust anchor, the sequence
 number is also used to detect TAMP message replay.
 To provide replay protection, each TAMP message originator MUST treat
 the sequence number as a monotonically increasing non-negative
 integer.  The sequence number counter is associated with the signing
 operation performed by the private key.  The trust anchor store MUST
 ensure that a newly received TAMP message that is validated directly
 by a trust anchor public key contains a sequence number that is
 greater than the most recent successfully processed TAMP message from
 that originator.  Note that the Sequence Number Adjust message is
 considered valid if the sequence number is greater than or equal to
 the most recent successfully processed TAMP message from that

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 50] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 originator.  If the sequence number in a received TAMP message does
 not meet these conditions, then the trust anchor store MUST reject
 the TAMP message, returning a sequence number failure (seqNumFailure)
 error.
 Whenever a trust anchor is authorized for TAMP messages, either as a
 newly installed trust anchor or as a modification to an existing
 trust anchor, if a sequence number value is not provided in the Trust
 Anchor Update message, memory MUST be allocated for the sequence
 number and set to zero.  The first TAMP message received that is
 validated using that trust anchor is not rejected based on sequence
 number checks, and the sequence number from that first TAMP message
 is stored.  The TAMP message recipient MUST maintain a database of
 the most recent sequence number from a successfully processed TAMP
 message from a trust anchor.  The index for this database is the
 trust anchor public key.  This could be the apex trust anchor
 operational public key or a management trust anchor public key.  In
 the first case, the apex trust anchor operational public key is used
 directly to validate the TAMP message digital signature.  In the
 second case, a management trust anchor public key is used directly to
 validate the TAMP message digital signature.
 Sequence number values MUST be 64-bit non-negative integers.  Since
 ASN.1 encoding of an INTEGER always includes a sign bit, a TAMP
 message signer can generate 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 TAMP messages
 before exhausting the 64-bit sequence number space, before which the
 TAMP message signer MUST transition to a different public/private key
 pair.  The ability to reset a sequence number provided by the Trust
 Anchor Update and Sequence Number Adjust messages is not intended to
 avoid the transition to a different key pair; rather, it is intended
 to aid recovery from operational errors.  A relatively small non-
 volatile storage requirement is imposed on the trust anchor store for
 the apex trust anchor and each management trust anchor authorized for
 TAMP messages.
 When the apex trust anchor or a management trust anchor is replaced
 or removed from the trust anchor store, the associated sequence
 number storage SHOULD be reclaimed.

7. Subordination Processing

 When a TAMP update message is processed, several checks are
 performed:
 o  TAMP message authentication is checked including, if necessary,
    building and validating a certification path to the signer.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 51] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 o  The signer's authorization is checked, including authorization to
    manage trust anchors included in the update message.
 o  Calculation of the trust anchor information to be stored.
 This section describes how to perform the second and third steps.
 Section 1.2 discusses authentication of TAMP messages.  Where a trust
 anchor is represented as a certificate and the calculation of the
 trust anchor information to be stored is different than the
 information in the certificate, the TAMP update fails.  The TAMP
 message signer may then wrap the certificate inside a TrustAnchorInfo
 structure to assert the intended information.
 The apex trust anchor is unconstrained, which means that
 subordination checking need not be performed on Trust Anchor Update
 messages signed with the apex trust anchor operational public key and
 that trust anchor information can be stored as it appears in the
 update message.  Subordination checking is performed as part of the
 validation process of all other Trust Anchor Update messages.
 For a Trust Anchor Update message that is not signed with the apex
 trust anchor operational public key to be valid, the digital
 signature MUST be validated using an authorized trust anchor, either
 directly or via an X.509 certification path originating with the apex
 trust anchor operational public key or an authorized management trust
 anchor.  The following subordination checks MUST also be performed as
 part of validation of the update message.
 Each Trust Anchor Update message contains one or more individual
 updates, each of which is used to add, modify, or remove a trust
 anchor.  For each individual update, the constraints of the TAMP
 message signer MUST be greater than or equal to the constraints of
 the trust anchor in the update.  Specifically, constraints included
 in the CertPathControls field of a TrustAnchorInfo object (or
 equivalent extensions in Certificate or TBSCertificate objects) must
 be checked as described below.  [RFC5280] describes how the
 intersection and union operations referenced below are performed.
 o  The values of the policy flags stored with a trust anchor as the
    result of a TAMPUpdate are either true or equal to the value of
    the policy flags associated with the TAMP message signer, i.e., an
    update may set a flag to false only if the value associated with
    the TAMP message signer is false.  The policy flags associated
    with the TAMP message signer are read from the policyFlags field
    or policyConstraints and inhibitAnyPolicy extensions if the signer

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 52] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

    is represented as a trust anchor or from the explicit_policy,
    policy_mapping, and inhibit_anyPolicy state variables following
    path validation if the signer is not represented as a trust
    anchor.
 o  The certificate policies stored with a trust anchor as the result
    of a TAMPUpdate are equal to the intersection of the value of the
    certificate policies associated with the TAMP message signer and
    the value of the policySet field or certificatePolicies extension
    from the update.  The certificate policies associated with the
    TAMP message signer are read from the policySet field in a
    TrustAnchorInfo or certificatePolicies extension in a Certificate
    or TBSCertificate if the signer is represented as a trust anchor
    or from the valid_policy_tree returned following path validation
    if the signer is not represented by a trust anchor.  Where the
    TAMP message signer is represented as a trust anchor, no policy
    mapping is performed.  If the intersection is NULL and the
    to-be-stored requireExplicitPolicy value is true, the TAMP update
    fails.
 o  The excluded names stored with a trust anchor as the result of a
    TAMPUpdate are equal to the union of the excluded names associated
    with the TAMP message signer and the value from the nameConstr
    field or nameConstraints extension from the update.  The name
    constraints associated with the TAMP message signer are read from
    the nameConstr field in a TrustAnchorInfo or nameConstraints
    extension in a Certificate or TBSCertificate if the signer is a
    trust anchor or from the excludedSubtrees state variable following
    path validation if the signer is not a trust anchor.  The name of
    the trust anchor included in the update MUST NOT fall within the
    excluded name space of the TAMP signer.  If the name of the trust
    anchor falls within the excluded name space of the TAMP signer,
    the TAMP update fails.
 o  The permitted names stored with a trust anchor as the result of a
    TAMPUpdate are equal to the intersection of the permitted names
    associated with the TAMP message signer and the value from the
    nameConstr field or nameConstraints extension from the update.
    The name constraints associated with the TAMP message signer are
    read from the nameConstr field in a TrustAnchorInfo or
    nameConstraints extension in a Certificate or TBSCertificate if
    the signer is a trust anchor or from the permittedSubtrees state
    variable following path validation if the signer is not a trust
    anchor.  The name of the trust anchor included in the update MUST
    fall within the permitted name space of the TAMP signer.  If the
    name of the trust anchor does not fall within the permitted name
    space of the TAMP signer, the TAMP update fails.  If the
    intersection is NULL for all name forms, the TAMP update fails.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 53] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 No other extensions defined in [RFC5280] must be processed as part of
 subordination processing.  Other extensions may define subordination
 rules.

8. Implementation Considerations

 A public key identifier is used to identify a TAMP message signer.
 Since there is no guarantee that the same public key identifier is
 not associated with more than one public key, implementations MUST be
 prepared for one or more trust anchors to have the same public key
 identifier.  In practical terms, this means that when a digital
 signature validation fails, the implementation MUST see if there is
 another trust anchor with the same public key identifier that can be
 used to validate the digital signature.  While duplicate public key
 identifiers are expected to be rare, implementations MUST NOT fail to
 find the correct trust anchor when they do occur.
 An X.500 distinguished name is used to identify certificate issuers
 and certificate subjects.  The same X.500 distinguished name can be
 associated with more than one trust anchor.  However, the trust
 anchor public key will be different.  The probability that two trust
 anchors will have the same X.500 distinguished name and the same
 public key identifier but a different public key is diminishingly
 small.  Therefore, the authority key identifier certificate extension
 can be used to resolve X.500 distinguished name collisions.
 TAMP assumes a reliable underlying transport protocol.

9. Wrapped Apex Contingency Key Certificate Extension

 An apex trust anchor MAY contain contingency key information using
 the WrappedApexContingencyKey extension.  The extension uses the
 ApexContingencyKey structure as defined below.
  ApexContingencyKey ::= SEQUENCE {
    wrapAlgorithm        AlgorithmIdentifier OPTIONAL,
    wrappedContinPubKey  OCTET STRING  OPTIONAL }
 The fields of ApexContingencyKey are used as described below.  When
 one field is present, both MUST be present.  When one field is
 absent, both MUST be absent.  The fields are allowed to be absent to
 enable usage of this extension as a means of indicating that the
 corresponding public key is recognized as an apex trust anchor by
 some relying parties.
 o  wrapAlgorithm identifies the symmetric algorithm used to encrypt
    the apex trust anchor contingency public key.  If this public key
    is ever needed, the symmetric key needed to decrypt it will be

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 54] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

    provided in the message that is to be validated using it.  The
    algorithm identifier is an AlgorithmIdentifier, which contains an
    object identifier and OPTIONAL parameters.  The object identifier
    indicates the syntax of the parameters, if present.
 o  wrappedContinPubKey is the encrypted apex trust anchor contingency
    public key.  Once decrypted, it yields the PublicKeyInfo
    structure, which consists of the algorithm identifier followed by
    the public key itself.  The algorithm identifier is an
    AlgorithmIdentifier that contains an object identifier and
    OPTIONAL parameters.  The object identifier indicates the format
    of the public key and the syntax of the parameters, if present.
    The public key is encoded as a BIT STRING.
 The WrappedApexContingencyKey certificate extension MAY be critical,
 and it MUST appear at most one time in a set of extensions. The apex
 trust anchor info extension is identified by the
 id-pe-wrappedApexContinKey object identifier:
       id-pe-wrappedApexContinKey OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
           { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
             security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) pe(1) 20 }

10. Security Considerations

 The majority of this specification is devoted to the syntax and
 semantics of TAMP messages.  It relies on other specifications,
 especially [RFC5914], [RFC3852], and [RFC5280], for the syntax and
 semantics of trust anchors, intermediate CMS content types, and X.509
 certificates, respectively.  Since TAMP messages that change the
 trust anchor state of a trust anchor store are always signed by a
 Trust Anchor Manager, no further data integrity or data origin
 authentication mechanisms are needed; however, no confidentiality for
 these messages is provided.  Similarly, certificates are digitally
 signed, and no additional data integrity or data origin
 authentication mechanisms are needed.  Trust anchor configurations,
 Trust Anchor Manager certificates, and trust anchor store
 certificates are not intended to be sensitive.  As a result, this
 specification does not provide for confidentiality of TAMP messages.
 Security factors outside the scope of this specification greatly
 affect the assurance provided.  The procedures used by certification
 authorities (CAs) to validate the binding of the subject identity to
 their public key greatly affect the assurance associated with the
 resulting certificate.  This is particularly important when issuing
 certificates to other CAs.  In the context of TAMP, the issuance of
 an end entity certificate under a management trust anchor is an act
 of delegation.  However, such end entities cannot further delegate.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 55] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 On the other hand, issuance of a CA certificate under a management
 trust anchor is an act of delegation where the CA can perform further
 delegation.  The scope of the delegation can be constrained by
 including appropriate certificate extensions in a CA certificate.
 X.509 certification path construction involves comparison of X.500
 distinguished names.  Inconsistent application of name comparison
 rules can result in acceptance of invalid X.509 certification paths
 or rejection of valid ones.  Name comparison can be extremely
 complex.  To avoid imposing this complexity on trust anchor stores,
 any certificate profile used with TAMP SHOULD employ simple name
 structures and impose rigorous restrictions on acceptable
 distinguished names, including the way that they are encoded.  The
 goal of that certificate profile should be to enable simple binary
 comparison.  That is, case conversion, character set conversion,
 white space compression, and leading and trailing white space
 trimming SHOULD be avoided.
 Some digital signature algorithms (DSAs) require the generation of
 random one-time values.  For example, when generating a DSA digital
 signature, the signer MUST generate a random k value [DSS].  Also,
 the generation of public/private key pairs relies on random numbers.
 The use of an inadequate random number generator (RNG) or an
 inadequate pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) to generate such
 cryptographic values can result in little or no security.  An
 attacker may find it much easier to reproduce the random number
 generation environment, searching the resulting small set of
 possibilities, rather than brute-force searching the whole space.
 Compromise of an identity trust anchor private key permits
 unauthorized parties to issue certificates that will be acceptable to
 all trust anchor stores configured with the corresponding identity
 trust anchor.  The unauthorized private key holder will be limited by
 the certification path controls associated with the identity trust
 anchor.  For example, clearance constraints in the identity trust
 anchor will determine the clearances that will be accepted in
 certificates that are issued by the unauthorized private key holder.
 Compromise of a management trust anchor private key permits
 unauthorized parties to generate signed messages that will be
 acceptable to all trust anchor stores configured with the
 corresponding management trust anchor.  All devices that include the
 compromised management trust anchor can be configured as desired by
 the unauthorized private key holder within the limits of the
 subordination checks described in Section 7.  If the management trust
 anchor is associated with content types other than TAMP, then the
 unauthorized private key holder can generate signed messages of that

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 56] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 type.  For example, if the management trust anchor is associated with
 firmware packages, then the unauthorized private key holder can
 install different firmware.
 Compromise of the apex trust anchor operational private key permits
 unauthorized parties to generate signed messages that will be
 acceptable to all trust anchor stores configured with the
 corresponding apex trust anchor.  All devices that include that apex
 trust anchor can be configured as desired by the unauthorized private
 key holder, and the unauthorized private key holder can generate
 signed messages of any content type.  The optional contingency
 private key offers a potential way to recover from such a compromise.
 The compromise of a CA's private key leads to the same type of
 problems as the compromise of an identity or a management trust
 anchor private key.  The unauthorized private key holder will be
 limited by the certification path controls and extensions associated
 with the trust anchor.
 The compromise of an end entity private key leads to the same type of
 problems as the compromise of an identity or a management trust
 anchor private key, except that the end entity is unable to issue any
 certificates.  The unauthorized private key holder will be limited by
 the certification path controls and extensions associated with the
 trust anchor.
 Compromise of a trust anchor store's digital signature private key
 permits unauthorized parties to generate signed TAMP response
 messages, masquerading as the trust anchor store.
 Premature disclosure of the key-encryption key used to encrypt the
 apex trust anchor contingency public key may result in early exposure
 of the apex trust anchor contingency public key.
 TAMP implementations need to be able to parse messages and
 certificates.  Care must be taken to ensure that there are no
 implementation defects in the TAMP message parser or the processing
 that acts on the message content.  A validation suite is one way to
 increase confidence in the parsing of TAMP messages, CMS content
 types, attributes, certificates, and extensions.
 TrustAnchorList messages do not provide a replay detection mechanism.
 Where TrustAnchorList messages are accepted as an alternative means
 of adding trust anchors to a trust anchor store, applications may
 require additional mechanisms to address the risks associated with
 replay of old TrustAnchorList messages.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 57] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 As sequence number values are used to detect replay attempts, trust
 anchor store managers must take care to maintain their own sequence
 number state, i.e., knowledge of which sequence number to include in
 the next TAMP message generated by the trust anchor store manager.
 Loss of sequence number state can result in generation of TAMP
 messages that cannot be processed due to seqNumFailure.  In the event
 of loss, sequence number state can be restored by inspecting the most
 recently generated TAMP message, provided the messages are logged, or
 in collaboration with a trust anchor store manager who can
 successfully issue a TAMPStatusQuery message.

11. IANA Considerations

 The details of TAMP requests and responses are communicated using
 object identifiers (OIDs).  The objects are defined in an arc
 delegated by IANA to the PKIX working group.  This document also
 includes eleven media type registrations in Appendix B.  No further
 action by IANA is necessary for this document or any anticipated
 updates.

12. References

12.1. Normative References

 [RFC2119]       Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
                 Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
 [RFC2616]       Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
                 Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee,
                 "Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616,
                 June 1999.
 [RFC3986]       Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter,
                 "Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax",
                 STD 66, RFC 3986, January 2005.
 [RFC5280]       Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S.,
                 Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key
                 Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation
                 List (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, May 2008.
 [RFC5652]       Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)",
                 RFC 5652, September 2009.
 [RFC5912]       Hoffman, P. and J. Schaad, "New ASN.1 Modules for the
                 Public Key Infrastructure Using X.509 (PKIX)", RFC
                 5912, June 2010.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 58] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 [RFC5914]       Housley, R., Ashmore, S., and C. Wallace, "Trust
                 Anchor Format", RFC 5914, June 2010.
 [X.680]         "ITU-T Recommendation X.680 - Information Technology
                 - Abstract Syntax Notation One", 1997.
 [X.690]         "ITU-T Recommendation X.690 - Information Technology
                 - ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Basic
                 Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER)
                 and Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER)", 1997.

12.2. Informative References

 [DSS]           "FIPS Pub 186: Digital Signature Standard", May 1994.
 [PKCS#6]        "PKCS #6: Extended-Certificate Syntax Standard,
                 Version 1.5", November 1993.
 [RFC3279]       Bassham, L., Polk, W., and R. Housley, "Algorithms
                 and Identifiers for the Internet X.509 Public Key
                 Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation
                 List (CRL) Profile", RFC 3279, April 2002.
 [RFC3370]       Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)
                 Algorithms", RFC 3370, August 2002.
 [RFC4049]       Housley, R., "BinaryTime: An Alternate Format for
                 Representing Date and Time in ASN.1", RFC 4049, April
                 2005.
 [RFC4108]       Housley, R., "Using Cryptographic Message Syntax
                 (CMS) to Protect Firmware Packages", RFC 4108, August
                 2005.
 [RFC5753]       Turner, S. and D. Brown, "Use of Elliptic Curve
                 Cryptography (ECC) Algorithms in Cryptographic
                 Message Syntax (CMS)", RFC 5753, January 2010.
 [RFC5754]       Turner, S., "Using SHA2 Algorithms with Cryptographic
                 Message Syntax", RFC 5754, January 2010.
 [RFC5755]       Farrell, S., Housley, R., and S. Turner, "An Internet
                 Attribute Certificate Profile for Authorization", RFC
                 5755, January 2010.
 [TA-MGMT-REQS]  Reddy, R. and C. Wallace, "Trust Anchor Management
                 Requirements", Work in Progress, March 2010.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 59] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 [X.208]         "ITU-T Recommendation X.208 - Specification of
                 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)", 1988.
 [X.509]         "ITU-T Recommendation X.509 - The Directory -
                 Authentication Framework", 2000.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 60] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

Appendix A. ASN.1 Modules

 Appendix A.1 provides the normative ASN.1 definitions for the
 structures described in this specification using ASN.1 as defined in
 [X.680].  Appendix A.2 provides a module using ASN.1 as defined in
 [X.208].  The module in Appendix A.2 removes usage of newer ASN.1
 features that provide support for limiting the types of elements that
 may appear in certain SEQUENCE and SET constructions.  Otherwise, the
 modules are compatible in terms of encoded representation, i.e., the
 modules are bits-on-the-wire compatible aside from the limitations on
 SEQUENCE and SET constituents.  Extension markers are not used due to
 lack of support in [X.208].  Appendix A.2 is included as a courtesy
 to developers using ASN.1 compilers that do not support current
 ASN.1.  Appendix A.1 includes definitions imported from [RFC5280],
 [RFC5912], and [RFC5914].

A.1. ASN.1 Module Using 1993 Syntax

 TAMP-Protocol-v2
 { joint-iso-ccitt(2) country(16) us(840) organization(1)
   gov(101) dod(2) infosec(1) modules(0) 30 }
 DEFINITIONS IMPLICIT TAGS ::=
 BEGIN
 IMPORTS
 TrustAnchorChoice, TrustAnchorTitle, CertPathControls
 FROM TrustAnchorInfoModule
    { joint-iso-ccitt(2) country(16) us(840)
    organization(1) gov(101) dod(2) infosec(1)
    modules(0) 33 }
 AlgorithmIdentifier{}, SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM, KEY-WRAP
 FROM AlgorithmInformation-2009
    {iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
    security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0)
    id-mod-algorithmInformation-02(58)}
 Certificate, Name, TBSCertificate,
 CertificateSerialNumber, Validity, SubjectPublicKeyInfo
 FROM PKIX1Explicit-2009 -- from [RFC5912]
    {iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
    security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0)
    id-mod-pkix1-explicit-02(51)}
 KeyIdentifier, OTHER-NAME
 FROM PKIX1Implicit-2009 -- from [RFC5912]
    {iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
    security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0)
    id-mod-pkix1-implicit-02(59)}
 EXTENSION, Extensions {}, ATTRIBUTE, SingleAttribute{}

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 61] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 FROM PKIX-CommonTypes-2009 -- from [RFC5912]
    { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
    security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0)
    id-mod-pkixCommon-02(57) }         ;
  1. - Object Identifier Arc for TAMP Message Content Types
 id-tamp OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
 joint-iso-ccitt(2) country(16) us(840) organization(1)
 gov(101) dod(2) infosec(1) formats(2) 77 }
 SupportedSigAlgorithms SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
    -- add any locally defined algorithms here
    ...
 }
 SupportedWrapAlgorithms KEY-WRAP ::= {
    -- add any locally defined algorithms here
    ...
 }
  1. - CMS Content Types
 CONTENT-TYPE  ::= TYPE-IDENTIFIER
 TAMPContentTypes CONTENT-TYPE  ::= {
   tamp-status-query |
   tamp-status-response |
   tamp-update |
   tamp-update-confirm |
   tamp-apex-update |
   tamp-apex-update-confirm |
   tamp-community-update |
   tamp-community-update-confirm |
   tamp-sequence-number-adjust |
   tamp-sequence-number-adjust-confirm |
   tamp-error,
   ... -- Expect additional content types --
   }
  1. - TAMP Status Query Message

tamp-status-query CONTENT-TYPE ::=

   { TAMPStatusQuery IDENTIFIED BY id-ct-TAMP-statusQuery }
 id-ct-TAMP-statusQuery OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 1 }

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 62] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 TAMPStatusQuery ::= SEQUENCE {
   version         [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   terse           [1] TerseOrVerbose DEFAULT verbose,
   query           TAMPMsgRef }
 TAMPVersion ::= INTEGER { v1(1), v2(2) }
 TerseOrVerbose ::= ENUMERATED { terse(1), verbose(2) }
 SeqNumber ::= INTEGER (0..9223372036854775807)
 TAMPMsgRef ::= SEQUENCE {
   target          TargetIdentifier,
   seqNum          SeqNumber }
 TargetIdentifier ::= CHOICE {
   hwModules    [1] HardwareModuleIdentifierList,
   communities  [2] CommunityIdentifierList,
   allModules   [3] NULL,
   uri          [4] IA5String,
   otherName    [5] INSTANCE OF OTHER-NAME }
 HardwareModuleIdentifierList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
                                   HardwareModules
 HardwareModules ::= SEQUENCE {
   hwType          OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
   hwSerialEntries SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF HardwareSerialEntry }
 HardwareSerialEntry ::= CHOICE {
   all             NULL,
   single          OCTET STRING,
   block           SEQUENCE {
     low             OCTET STRING,
     high            OCTET STRING } }
 CommunityIdentifierList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (0..MAX) OF Community
 Community ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER
  1. - TAMP Status Response Message
 tamp-status-response CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
   { TAMPStatusResponse IDENTIFIED BY id-ct-TAMP-statusResponse }
 id-ct-TAMP-statusResponse OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 2 }

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 63] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 TAMPStatusResponse ::= SEQUENCE {
   version   [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   query     TAMPMsgRef,
   response  StatusResponse,
   usesApex  BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE }
 StatusResponse ::= CHOICE {
   terseResponse         [0] TerseStatusResponse,
   verboseResponse       [1] VerboseStatusResponse }
 TerseStatusResponse ::= SEQUENCE {
   taKeyIds              KeyIdentifiers,
   communities           CommunityIdentifierList OPTIONAL }
 KeyIdentifiers ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF KeyIdentifier
 VerboseStatusResponse ::= SEQUENCE {
   taInfo                 TrustAnchorChoiceList,
   continPubKeyDecryptAlg [0] AlgorithmIdentifier
                 {KEY-WRAP, {SupportedWrapAlgorithms}} OPTIONAL,
   communities            [1] CommunityIdentifierList OPTIONAL,
   tampSeqNumbers         [2] TAMPSequenceNumbers OPTIONAL }
 TrustAnchorChoiceList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
      TrustAnchorChoice
 TAMPSequenceNumber ::= SEQUENCE {
   keyId       KeyIdentifier,
   seqNumber   SeqNumber }
 TAMPSequenceNumbers ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF TAMPSequenceNumber
  1. - Trust Anchor Update Message
 tamp-update CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
   { TAMPUpdate IDENTIFIED BY id-ct-TAMP-update }
 id-ct-TAMP-update OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 3 }
 TAMPUpdate ::= SEQUENCE {
   version  [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   terse    [1] TerseOrVerbose DEFAULT verbose,
   msgRef   TAMPMsgRef,
   updates  SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF TrustAnchorUpdate,
   tampSeqNumbers [2]TAMPSequenceNumbers OPTIONAL }

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 64] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 TrustAnchorUpdate ::= CHOICE {
   add             [1] TrustAnchorChoice,
   remove          [2] SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
   change          [3] EXPLICIT TrustAnchorChangeInfoChoice }
 TrustAnchorChangeInfoChoice ::= CHOICE {
   tbsCertChange  [0] TBSCertificateChangeInfo,
   taChange       [1] TrustAnchorChangeInfo }
 TBSCertificateChangeInfo  ::=  SEQUENCE  {
   serialNumber         CertificateSerialNumber OPTIONAL,
   signature            [0] AlgorithmIdentifier
           {SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM, {SupportedSigAlgorithms}} OPTIONAL,
   issuer               [1] Name OPTIONAL,
   validity             [2] Validity OPTIONAL,
   subject              [3] Name OPTIONAL,
   subjectPublicKeyInfo [4] SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
   exts                 [5] EXPLICIT Extensions{{...}} OPTIONAL }
 TrustAnchorChangeInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
   pubKey          SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
   keyId           KeyIdentifier OPTIONAL,
   taTitle         TrustAnchorTitle OPTIONAL,
   certPath        CertPathControls OPTIONAL,
   exts            [1] Extensions{{...}} OPTIONAL }
  1. - Trust Anchor Update Confirm Message
 tamp-update-confirm CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
   { TAMPUpdateConfirm IDENTIFIED BY id-ct-TAMP-updateConfirm }
 id-ct-TAMP-updateConfirm OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 4 }
 TAMPUpdateConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
   version               [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   update                TAMPMsgRef,
   confirm               UpdateConfirm }
 UpdateConfirm ::= CHOICE {
   terseConfirm          [0] TerseUpdateConfirm,
   verboseConfirm        [1] VerboseUpdateConfirm }
 TerseUpdateConfirm ::= StatusCodeList
 StatusCodeList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF StatusCode

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 65] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 VerboseUpdateConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
   status          StatusCodeList,
   taInfo          TrustAnchorChoiceList,
   tampSeqNumbers  TAMPSequenceNumbers OPTIONAL,
   usesApex        BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE }
  1. - Apex Trust Anchor Update Message
 tamp-apex-update CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
     { TAMPApexUpdate IDENTIFIED BY id-ct-TAMP-apexUpdate }
 id-ct-TAMP-apexUpdate OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 5 }
 TAMPApexUpdate ::= SEQUENCE {
   version            [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   terse              [1] TerseOrVerbose DEFAULT verbose,
   msgRef             TAMPMsgRef,
   clearTrustAnchors  BOOLEAN,
   clearCommunities   BOOLEAN,
   seqNumber          SeqNumber OPTIONAL,
   apexTA             TrustAnchorChoice }
  1. - Apex Trust Anchor Update Confirm Message
 tamp-apex-update-confirm CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
   { TAMPApexUpdateConfirm IDENTIFIED BY
       id-ct-TAMP-apexUpdateConfirm }
 id-ct-TAMP-apexUpdateConfirm OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 6 }
 TAMPApexUpdateConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
   version               [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   apexReplace           TAMPMsgRef,
   apexConfirm           ApexUpdateConfirm }
 ApexUpdateConfirm ::= CHOICE {
   terseApexConfirm      [0] TerseApexUpdateConfirm,
   verboseApexConfirm    [1] VerboseApexUpdateConfirm }
 TerseApexUpdateConfirm ::= StatusCode
 VerboseApexUpdateConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
   status                  StatusCode,
   taInfo                  TrustAnchorChoiceList,
   communities            [0] CommunityIdentifierList OPTIONAL,
   tampSeqNumbers         [1] TAMPSequenceNumbers OPTIONAL }

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 66] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

  1. - Community Update Message
 tamp-community-update CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
   { TAMPCommunityUpdate IDENTIFIED BY id-ct-TAMP-communityUpdate }
 id-ct-TAMP-communityUpdate OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 7 }
 TAMPCommunityUpdate ::= SEQUENCE {
   version         [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   terse           [1] TerseOrVerbose DEFAULT verbose,
   msgRef          TAMPMsgRef,
   updates         CommunityUpdates }
 CommunityUpdates ::= SEQUENCE {
   remove       [1] CommunityIdentifierList OPTIONAL,
   add          [2] CommunityIdentifierList OPTIONAL }
   -- At least one must be present
  1. - Community Update Confirm Message
 tamp-community-update-confirm CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
   { TAMPCommunityUpdateConfirm IDENTIFIED BY
     id-ct-TAMP-communityUpdateConfirm }
 id-ct-TAMP-communityUpdateConfirm OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
   { id-tamp 8 }
 TAMPCommunityUpdateConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
   version         [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   update          TAMPMsgRef,
   commConfirm     CommunityConfirm }
 CommunityConfirm ::= CHOICE {
   terseCommConfirm      [0] TerseCommunityConfirm,
   verboseCommConfirm    [1] VerboseCommunityConfirm }
 TerseCommunityConfirm ::= StatusCode
 VerboseCommunityConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
   status          StatusCode,
   communities     CommunityIdentifierList OPTIONAL }
  1. - Sequence Number Adjust Message
 tamp-sequence-number-adjust CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
   { SequenceNumberAdjust IDENTIFIED BY id-ct-TAMP-seqNumAdjust }
 id-ct-TAMP-seqNumAdjust OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 10 }

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 67] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 SequenceNumberAdjust ::= SEQUENCE {
   version         [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   msgRef          TAMPMsgRef }
  1. - Sequence Number Adjust Confirm Message
 tamp-sequence-number-adjust-confirm CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
   { SequenceNumberAdjustConfirm IDENTIFIED BY
     id-ct-TAMP-seqNumAdjustConfirm }
 id-ct-TAMP-seqNumAdjustConfirm OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 11 }
 SequenceNumberAdjustConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
   version         [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   adjust          TAMPMsgRef,
   status          StatusCode }
  1. - TAMP Error Message
 tamp-error CONTENT-TYPE  ::=
   { TAMPError IDENTIFIED BY id-ct-TAMP-error }
 id-ct-TAMP-error OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 9 }
 TAMPError ::= SEQUENCE {
   version         [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   msgType         OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
   status          StatusCode,
   msgRef          TAMPMsgRef OPTIONAL }
  1. - Status Codes
 StatusCode ::= ENUMERATED {
   success                            (0),
   decodeFailure                      (1),
   badContentInfo                     (2),
   badSignedData                      (3),
   badEncapContent                    (4),
   badCertificate                     (5),
   badSignerInfo                      (6),
   badSignedAttrs                     (7),
   badUnsignedAttrs                   (8),
   missingContent                     (9),
   noTrustAnchor                     (10),
   notAuthorized                     (11),
   badDigestAlgorithm                (12),
   badSignatureAlgorithm             (13),

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 68] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

   unsupportedKeySize                (14),
   unsupportedParameters             (15),
   signatureFailure                  (16),
   insufficientMemory                (17),
   unsupportedTAMPMsgType            (18),
   apexTAMPAnchor                    (19),
   improperTAAddition                (20),
   seqNumFailure                     (21),
   contingencyPublicKeyDecrypt       (22),
   incorrectTarget                   (23),
   communityUpdateFailed             (24),
   trustAnchorNotFound               (25),
   unsupportedTAAlgorithm            (26),
   unsupportedTAKeySize              (27),
   unsupportedContinPubKeyDecryptAlg (28),
   missingSignature                  (29),
   resourcesBusy                     (30),
   versionNumberMismatch             (31),
   missingPolicySet                  (32),
   revokedCertificate                (33),
   unsupportedTrustAnchorFormat      (34),
   improperTAChange                  (35),
   malformed                         (36),
   cmsError                          (37),
   unsupportedTargetIdentifier       (38),
   other                            (127) }
  1. - Object Identifier Arc for Attributes
 id-attributes OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-ccitt(2) country(16)
   us(840) organization(1) gov(101) dod(2) infosec(1) 5 }
  1. - TAMP Unsigned Attributes
  2. - These attributes are unsigned attributes and go into the
  3. - UnsignedAttributes set in [RFC5652]
 TAMPUnsignedAttributes ATTRIBUTE ::= {
   contingency-public-key-decrypt-key,
   ... -- Expect additional attributes --
   }
  1. - contingency-public-key-decrypt-key unsigned attribute
 contingency-public-key-decrypt-key ATTRIBUTE ::= {
   TYPE PlaintextSymmetricKey IDENTIFIED BY
   id-aa-TAMP-contingencyPublicKeyDecryptKey }

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 69] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 id-aa-TAMP-contingencyPublicKeyDecryptKey OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
   id-attributes 63 }
 PlaintextSymmetricKey ::= OCTET STRING
  1. - id-pe-wrappedApexContinKey extension
 wrappedApexContinKey EXTENSION ::= {
      SYNTAX         ApexContingencyKey
      IDENTIFIED BY  id-pe-wrappedApexContinKey }
 id-pe-wrappedApexContinKey OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
      { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
        security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) pe(1) 20 }
 ApexContingencyKey ::= SEQUENCE {
   wrapAlgorithm
       AlgorithmIdentifier{KEY-WRAP, {SupportedWrapAlgorithms}},
   wrappedContinPubKey  OCTET STRING }
 END

A.2. ASN.1 Module Using 1988 Syntax

 TAMP-Protocol-v2-88
    { joint-iso-ccitt(2) country(16) us(840) organization(1)
      gov(101) dod(2) infosec(1) modules(0) 31 }
 DEFINITIONS IMPLICIT TAGS ::=
 BEGIN
 IMPORTS
   TrustAnchorChoice, TrustAnchorTitle, CertPathControls
   FROM TrustAnchorInfoModule-88 -- from [RFC5914]
        { joint-iso-ccitt(2) country(16) us(840) organization(1)
          gov(101) dod(2) infosec(1) modules(0) 37 }
   AlgorithmIdentifier, Certificate, Name, Attribute, TBSCertificate,
   SubjectPublicKeyInfo, CertificateSerialNumber, Validity, Extensions
     FROM PKIX1Explicit88 -- from [RFC5280]
       { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
         security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0)
         id-pkix1-explicit(18) }
   KeyIdentifier, AnotherName
     FROM PKIX1Implicit88 -- from [RFC5280]
       { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
         security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0)
         id-pkix1-implicit(19) } ;

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 70] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

  1. - Object Identifier Arc for TAMP Message Content Types
 id-tamp OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-ccitt(2) country(16)
 us(840) organization(1) gov(101) dod(2) infosec(1) formats(2) 77 }
  1. - CMS Content Types
  1. - TAMP Status Query Message
 id-ct-TAMP-statusQuery OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 1 }
 TAMPStatusQuery ::= SEQUENCE {
   version         [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   terse           [1] TerseOrVerbose DEFAULT verbose,
   query           TAMPMsgRef }
 TAMPVersion ::= INTEGER { v1(1), v2(2) }
 TerseOrVerbose ::= ENUMERATED { terse(1), verbose(2) }
 SeqNumber ::= INTEGER (0..9223372036854775807)
 TAMPMsgRef ::= SEQUENCE {
   target          TargetIdentifier,
   seqNum          SeqNumber }
 TargetIdentifier ::= CHOICE {
   hwModules    [1] HardwareModuleIdentifierList,
   communities  [2] CommunityIdentifierList,
   allModules   [3] NULL,
   uri          [4] IA5String,
   otherName    [5] AnotherName }
 HardwareModuleIdentifierList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
                                   HardwareModules
 HardwareModules ::= SEQUENCE {
   hwType          OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
   hwSerialEntries SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF HardwareSerialEntry }
 HardwareSerialEntry ::= CHOICE {
   all             NULL,
   single          OCTET STRING,
   block           SEQUENCE {
     low             OCTET STRING,
     high            OCTET STRING } }

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 71] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 CommunityIdentifierList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (0..MAX) OF Community
 Community ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER
  1. - TAMP Status Response Message
 id-ct-TAMP-statusResponse OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 2 }
 TAMPStatusResponse ::= SEQUENCE {
   version   [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   query     TAMPMsgRef,
   response  StatusResponse,
   usesApex  BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE }
 StatusResponse ::= CHOICE {
   terseResponse         [0] TerseStatusResponse,
   verboseResponse       [1] VerboseStatusResponse }
 TerseStatusResponse ::= SEQUENCE {
   taKeyIds              KeyIdentifiers,
   communities           CommunityIdentifierList OPTIONAL }
 KeyIdentifiers ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF KeyIdentifier
 VerboseStatusResponse ::= SEQUENCE {
   taInfo                 TrustAnchorChoiceList,
   continPubKeyDecryptAlg [0] AlgorithmIdentifier OPTIONAL,
   communities            [1] CommunityIdentifierList OPTIONAL,
   tampSeqNumbers         [2] TAMPSequenceNumbers OPTIONAL }
 TrustAnchorChoiceList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
      TrustAnchorChoice
 TAMPSequenceNumber ::= SEQUENCE {
   keyId       KeyIdentifier,
   seqNumber   SeqNumber }
 TAMPSequenceNumbers ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
      TAMPSequenceNumber
  1. - Trust Anchor Update Message
 id-ct-TAMP-update OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 3 }

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 72] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 TAMPUpdate ::= SEQUENCE {
   version  [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   terse    [1] TerseOrVerbose DEFAULT verbose,
   msgRef   TAMPMsgRef,
   updates  SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF TrustAnchorUpdate,
   tampSeqNumbers [2]TAMPSequenceNumbers OPTIONAL }
 TrustAnchorUpdate ::= CHOICE {
   add             [1] TrustAnchorChoice,
   remove          [2] SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
   change          [3] EXPLICIT TrustAnchorChangeInfoChoice }
 TrustAnchorChangeInfoChoice ::= CHOICE {
   tbsCertChange [0] TBSCertificateChangeInfo,
   taChange      [1] TrustAnchorChangeInfo }
 TBSCertificateChangeInfo  ::=  SEQUENCE  {
   serialNumber         CertificateSerialNumber OPTIONAL,
   signature            [0] AlgorithmIdentifier OPTIONAL,
   issuer               [1] Name OPTIONAL,
   validity             [2] Validity OPTIONAL,
   subject              [3] Name OPTIONAL,
   subjectPublicKeyInfo [4] SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
   exts                 [5] EXPLICIT Extensions OPTIONAL }
 TrustAnchorChangeInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
   pubKey          SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
   keyId           KeyIdentifier OPTIONAL,
   taTitle         TrustAnchorTitle OPTIONAL,
   certPath        CertPathControls OPTIONAL,
   exts            [1] Extensions OPTIONAL }
  1. - Trust Anchor Update Confirm Message
 id-ct-TAMP-updateConfirm OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 4 }
 TAMPUpdateConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
   version               [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   update                TAMPMsgRef,
   confirm               UpdateConfirm }
 UpdateConfirm ::= CHOICE {
   terseConfirm          [0] TerseUpdateConfirm,
   verboseConfirm        [1] VerboseUpdateConfirm }
 TerseUpdateConfirm ::= StatusCodeList
 StatusCodeList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF StatusCode

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 73] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 VerboseUpdateConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
   status          StatusCodeList,
   taInfo          TrustAnchorChoiceList,
   tampSeqNumbers  TAMPSequenceNumbers OPTIONAL,
   usesApex        BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE }
  1. - Apex Trust Anchor Update Message
 id-ct-TAMP-apexUpdate OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 5 }
 TAMPApexUpdate ::= SEQUENCE {
   version            [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   terse              [1] TerseOrVerbose DEFAULT verbose,
   msgRef             TAMPMsgRef,
   clearTrustAnchors  BOOLEAN,
   clearCommunities   BOOLEAN,
   seqNumber          SeqNumber OPTIONAL,
   apexTA             TrustAnchorChoice }
  1. - Apex Trust Anchor Update Confirm Message
 id-ct-TAMP-apexUpdateConfirm OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 6 }
 TAMPApexUpdateConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
   version               [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   apexReplace           TAMPMsgRef,
   apexConfirm           ApexUpdateConfirm }
 ApexUpdateConfirm ::= CHOICE {
   terseApexConfirm      [0] TerseApexUpdateConfirm,
   verboseApexConfirm    [1] VerboseApexUpdateConfirm }
 TerseApexUpdateConfirm ::= StatusCode
 VerboseApexUpdateConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
   status                  StatusCode,
   taInfo                  TrustAnchorChoiceList,
   communities            [0] CommunityIdentifierList OPTIONAL,
   tampSeqNumbers         [1] TAMPSequenceNumbers OPTIONAL }
  1. - Community Update Message
 id-ct-TAMP-communityUpdate OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 7 }

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 74] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 TAMPCommunityUpdate ::= SEQUENCE {
   version         [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   terse           [1] TerseOrVerbose DEFAULT verbose,
   msgRef          TAMPMsgRef,
   updates         CommunityUpdates }
 CommunityUpdates ::= SEQUENCE {
   remove          [1] CommunityIdentifierList OPTIONAL,
   add             [2] CommunityIdentifierList OPTIONAL }
   -- At least one must be present
  1. - Community Update Confirm Message
 id-ct-TAMP-communityUpdateConfirm OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 8 }
 TAMPCommunityUpdateConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
   version         [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   update          TAMPMsgRef,
   commConfirm     CommunityConfirm }
 CommunityConfirm ::= CHOICE {
   terseCommConfirm      [0] TerseCommunityConfirm,
   verboseCommConfirm    [1] VerboseCommunityConfirm }
 TerseCommunityConfirm ::= StatusCode
 VerboseCommunityConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
   status          StatusCode,
   communities     CommunityIdentifierList OPTIONAL }
  1. - Sequence Number Adjust Message
 id-ct-TAMP-seqNumAdjust OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 10 }
 SequenceNumberAdjust ::= SEQUENCE {
   version         [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   msgRef          TAMPMsgRef }
  1. - Sequence Number Adjust Confirm Message
 id-ct-TAMP-seqNumAdjustConfirm OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 11 }
 SequenceNumberAdjustConfirm ::= SEQUENCE {
   version         [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   adjust          TAMPMsgRef,
   status          StatusCode }

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 75] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

  1. - TAMP Error Message
 id-ct-TAMP-error OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-tamp 9 }
 TAMPError ::= SEQUENCE {
   version         [0] TAMPVersion DEFAULT v2,
   msgType         OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
   status          StatusCode,
   msgRef          TAMPMsgRef OPTIONAL }
  1. - Status Codes
 StatusCode ::= ENUMERATED {
   success                            (0),
   decodeFailure                      (1),
   badContentInfo                     (2),
   badSignedData                      (3),
   badEncapContent                    (4),
   badCertificate                     (5),
   badSignerInfo                      (6),
   badSignedAttrs                     (7),
   badUnsignedAttrs                   (8),
   missingContent                     (9),
   noTrustAnchor                     (10),
   notAuthorized                     (11),
   badDigestAlgorithm                (12),
   badSignatureAlgorithm             (13),
   unsupportedKeySize                (14),
   unsupportedParameters             (15),
   signatureFailure                  (16),
   insufficientMemory                (17),
   unsupportedTAMPMsgType            (18),
   apexTAMPAnchor                    (19),
   improperTAAddition                (20),
   seqNumFailure                     (21),
   contingencyPublicKeyDecrypt       (22),
   incorrectTarget                   (23),
   communityUpdateFailed             (24),
   trustAnchorNotFound               (25),
   unsupportedTAAlgorithm            (26),
   unsupportedTAKeySize              (27),
   unsupportedContinPubKeyDecryptAlg (28),
   missingSignature                  (29),
   resourcesBusy                     (30),
   versionNumberMismatch             (31),
   missingPolicySet                  (32),
   revokedCertificate                (33),
   unsupportedTrustAnchorFormat      (34),

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 76] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

   improperTAChange                  (35),
   malformed                         (36),
   cmsError                          (37),
   unsupportedTargetIdentifier       (38),
   other                            (127) }
  1. - Object Identifier Arc for Attributes
 id-attributes OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-ccitt(2) country(16)
     us(840) organization(1) gov(101) dod(2) infosec(1) 5 }
  1. - id-aa-TAMP-contingencyPublicKeyDecryptKey uses
  2. - PlaintextSymmetricKey syntax

id-aa-TAMP-contingencyPublicKeyDecryptKey OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {

   id-attributes 63 }
 PlaintextSymmetricKey ::= OCTET STRING
  1. - id-pe-wrappedApexContinKey extension
 id-pe-wrappedApexContinKey OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
      { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
        security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) pe(1) 20 }
 ApexContingencyKey ::= SEQUENCE {
   wrapAlgorithm        AlgorithmIdentifier,
   wrappedContinPubKey  OCTET STRING }
 END

Appendix B. Media Type Registrations

 Eleven media type registrations are provided in this appendix, one
 for each content type defined in this specification.  As noted in
 Section 2, in all cases TAMP messages are encapsulated within
 ContentInfo structures.  Signed messages are additionally
 encapsulated within a SignedData structure.

B.1. application/tamp-status-query

 Media type name: application
 Subtype name: tamp-status-query
 Required parameters: None
 Optional parameters: None

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 77] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 Encoding considerations: binary
 Security considerations: Carries a signed request for status
 information.  Integrity protection is discussed in Section 4.1.
 Replay detection is discussed in Section 6.
 Interoperability considerations: None
 Published specification: RFC 5934
 Applications that use this media type: TAMP clients responding to
 requests for status information.
 Additional information:
    Magic number(s): None
    File extension(s): .tsq
    Macintosh File Type Code(s):
 Person & email address to contact for further information:
 Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Intended usage: LIMITED USE
 Restrictions on usage: None
 Author: Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Change controller: IESG

B.2. application/tamp-status-response

 Media type name: application
 Subtype name: tamp-status-response
 Required parameters: None
 Optional parameters: None
 Encoding considerations: binary
 Security considerations: Carries optionally signed status
 information.  Integrity protection is discussed in Section 4.2.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 78] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 Interoperability considerations: None
 Published specification: RFC 5934
 Applications that use this media type: TAMP clients responding to
 requests for status information.
 Additional information:
    Magic number(s): None
    File extension(s): .tsr
    Macintosh File Type Code(s):
 Person & email address to contact for further information:
 Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Intended usage: LIMITED USE
 Restrictions on usage: None
 Author: Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Change controller: IESG

B.3. application/tamp-update

 Media type name: application
 Subtype name: tamp-update
 Required parameters: None
 Optional parameters: None
 Encoding considerations: binary
 Security considerations: Carries a signed trust anchor update
 message.  Integrity protection is discussed in Section 4.3.  Replay
 detection is discussed in Section 6.
 Interoperability considerations: None
 Published specification: RFC 5934

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 79] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 Applications that use this media type: TAMP clients responding to
 requests to update trust anchor information.
 Additional information:
    Magic number(s): None
    File extension(s): .tur
    Macintosh File Type Code(s):
 Person & email address to contact for further information:
 Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Intended usage: LIMITED USE
 Restrictions on usage: None
 Author: Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Change controller: IESG

B.4. application/tamp-update-confirm

 Media type name: application
 Subtype name: tamp-update-confirm
 Required parameters: None
 Optional parameters: None
 Encoding considerations: binary
 Security considerations: Carries an optionally signed TAMP update
 response.  Integrity protection is discussed in Section 4.4.
 Interoperability considerations: None
 Published specification: RFC 5934
 Applications that use this media type: TAMP clients responding to
 requests to update trust anchor information.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 80] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 Additional information:
    Magic number(s): None
    File extension(s): .tuc
    Macintosh File Type Code(s):
 Person & email address to contact for further information:
 Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Intended usage: LIMITED USE
 Restrictions on usage: None
 Author: Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Change controller: IESG

B.5. application/tamp-apex-update

 Media type name: application
 Subtype name: tamp-apex-update
 Required parameters: None
 Optional parameters: None
 Encoding considerations: binary
 Security considerations: Carries a signed request to update an apex
 trust anchor information.  Integrity protection is discussed in
 Section 4.5.  Replay detection is discussed in Section 6.
 Interoperability considerations: None
 Published specification: RFC 5934
 Applications that use this media type: TAMP clients responding to
 requests to update an apex trust anchor.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 81] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 Additional information:
    Magic number(s): None
    File extension(s): .tau
    Macintosh File Type Code(s):
 Person & email address to contact for further information:
 Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Intended usage: LIMITED USE
 Restrictions on usage: None
 Author: Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Change controller: IESG

B.6. application/tamp-apex-update-confirm

 Media type name: application
 Subtype name: tamp-apex-update-confirm
 Required parameters: None
 Optional parameters: None
 Encoding considerations: binary
 Security considerations: Carries an optionally signed response to an
 apex update request.  Integrity protection is discussed in
 Section 4.6.
 Interoperability considerations: None
 Published specification: RFC 5934
 Applications that use this media type: TAMP clients responding to
 requests to update an apex trust anchor.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 82] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 Additional information:
    Magic number(s): None
    File extension(s): .auc
    Macintosh File Type Code(s):
 Person & email address to contact for further information:
 Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Intended usage: LIMITED USE
 Restrictions on usage: None
 Author: Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Change controller: IESG

B.7. application/tamp-community-update

 Media type name: application
 Subtype name: tamp-community-update
 Required parameters: None
 Optional parameters: None
 Encoding considerations: binary
 Security considerations: Carries a signed request to update community
 membership information.  Integrity protection is discussed in
 Section 4.7.  Replay detection is discussed in Section 6.
 Interoperability considerations: None
 Published specification: RFC 5934
 Applications that use this media type: TAMP clients responding to
 requests to update community membership.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 83] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 Additional information:
    Magic number(s): None
    File extension(s): .tcu
    Macintosh File Type Code(s):
 Person & email address to contact for further information:
 Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Intended usage: LIMITED USE
 Restrictions on usage: None
 Author: Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Change controller: IESG

B.8. application/tamp-community-update-confirm

 Media type name: application
 Subtype name: tamp-community-update-confirm
 Required parameters: None
 Optional parameters: None
 Encoding considerations: binary
 Security considerations: Carries an optionally signed response to a
 community update request.  Integrity protection is discussed in
 Section 4.8.
 Interoperability considerations: None
 Published specification: RFC 5934
 Applications that use this media type: TAMP clients responding to
 requests to update community membership.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 84] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 Additional information:
    Magic number(s): None
    File extension(s): .cuc
    Macintosh File Type Code(s):
 Person & email address to contact for further information:
 Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Intended usage: LIMITED USE
 Restrictions on usage: None
 Author: Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Change controller: IESG

B.9. application/tamp-sequence-adjust

 Media type name: application
 Subtype name: tamp-sequence-adjust
 Required parameters: None
 Optional parameters: None
 Encoding considerations: binary
 Security considerations: Carries a signed request to update sequence
 number information.  Integrity protection is discussed in
 Section 4.9.  Replay detection is discussed in Section 6.
 Interoperability considerations: None
 Published specification: RFC 5934
 Applications that use this media type: TAMP clients responding to
 requests to update sequence number information.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 85] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 Additional information:
    Magic number(s): None
    File extension(s): .tsa
    Macintosh File Type Code(s):
 Person & email address to contact for further information:
 Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Intended usage: LIMITED USE
 Restrictions on usage: None
 Author: Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Change controller: IESG

B.10. application/tamp-sequence-adjust-confirm

 Media type name: application
 Subtype name: tamp-sequence-adjust-confirm
 Required parameters: None
 Optional parameters: None
 Encoding considerations: binary
 Security considerations: Carries an optionally signed sequence number
 adjust confirmation message.  Integrity protection is discussed in
 Section 4.10.
 Interoperability considerations: None
 Published specification: RFC 5934
 Applications that use this media type: TAMP clients responding to
 requests to update sequence number information.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 86] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 Additional information:
    Magic number(s): None
    File extension(s): .sac
    Macintosh File Type Code(s):
 Person & email address to contact for further information:
 Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Intended usage: LIMITED USE
 Restrictions on usage: None
 Author: Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Change controller: IESG

B.11. application/tamp-error

 Media type name: application
 Subtype name: tamp-error
 Required parameters: None
 Optional parameters: None
 Encoding considerations: binary
 Security considerations: Carries optionally signed error information
 collecting during TAMP processing.  Integrity protection is discussed
 in Section 4.11.
 Interoperability considerations: None
 Published specification: RFC 5934
 Applications that use this media type: TAMP clients processing TAMP
 messages.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 87] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 Additional information:
    Magic number(s): None
    File extension(s): .ter
    Macintosh File Type Code(s):
 Person & email address to contact for further information:
 Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Intended usage: LIMITED USE
 Restrictions on usage: None
 Author: Sam Ashmore - srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Change controller: IESG

Appendix C. TAMP over HTTP

 This appendix describes the formatting and transportation conventions
 for the TAMP messages when carried by HTTP [RFC2616].  Each TAMP
 message type is covered by a subsection below.  Each TAMP request
 message sent via HTTP is responded to either with an HTTP response
 containing a TAMP response or error or, if failure occurs prior to
 invoking TAMP, an HTTP error.  TAMP response, confirmation, and error
 messages are not suitable for caching.  In order for TAMP clients and
 servers using HTTP to interoperate, the following rules apply.
 o  Clients MUST use the POST method to submit their requests.
 o  Servers MUST use the 200 response code for successful responses.
 o  Clients MAY attempt to send HTTPS requests using Transport Layer
    Security (TLS) 1.0 or later, although servers are not required to
    support TLS.
 o  Servers MUST NOT assume client support for any type of HTTP
    authentication such as cookies, Basic authentication, or Digest
    authentication.
 o  Clients and servers are expected to follow the other rules and
    restrictions in [RFC2616].  Note that some of those rules are for
    HTTP methods other than POST; clearly, only the rules that apply
    to POST are relevant for this specification.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 88] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

C.1. TAMP Status Query Message

 A TAMP Status Query Message using the POST method is constructed as
 follows: The Content-Type header MUST have the value "application/
 tamp-status-query".
 The body of the message is the binary value of the DER encoding of
 the TAMPStatusQuery, wrapped in a CMS body as described in Section 2.

C.2. TAMP Status Response Message

 An HTTP-based TAMP Status Response message is composed of the
 appropriate HTTP headers, followed by the binary value of the DER
 encoding of the TAMPStatusResponse, wrapped in a CMS body as
 described in Section 2.
 The Content-Type header MUST have the value "application/
 tamp-status-response."

C.3. Trust Anchor Update Message

 A Trust Anchor Update Message using the POST method is constructed as
 follows: The Content-Type header MUST have the value "application/
 tamp-update".
 The body of the message is the binary value of the DER encoding of
 the TAMPUpdate, wrapped in a CMS body as described in Section 2.

C.4. Trust Anchor Update Confirm Message

 An HTTP-based Trust Anchor Update Confirm message is composed of the
 appropriate HTTP headers, followed by the binary value of the DER
 encoding of the TAMPUpdateConfirm, wrapped in a CMS body as described
 in Section 2.
 The Content-Type header MUST have the value "application/
 tamp-update-confirm".

C.5. Apex Trust Anchor Update Message

 An Apex Trust Anchor Update Message using the POST method is
 constructed as follows: The Content-Type header MUST have the value
 "application/tamp-apex-update".
 The body of the message is the binary value of the DER encoding of
 the TAMPApexUpdate, wrapped in a CMS body as described in Section 2.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 89] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

C.6. Apex Trust Anchor Update Confirm Message

 An HTTP-based Apex Trust Anchor Update Confirm message is composed of
 the appropriate HTTP headers, followed by the binary value of the DER
 encoding of the TAMPApexUpdateConfirm, wrapped in a CMS body as
 described in Section 2.
 The Content-Type header MUST have the value "application/
 tamp-apex-update-confirm".

C.7. Community Update Message

 A Community Update Message using the POST method is constructed as
 follows: The Content-Type header MUST have the value "application/
 tamp-community-update".
 The body of the message is the binary value of the DER encoding of
 the TAMPCommunityUpdate, wrapped in a CMS body as described in
 Section 2.

C.8. Community Update Confirm Message

 An HTTP-based Community Update Confirm message is composed of the
 appropriate HTTP headers, followed by the binary value of the DER
 encoding of the TAMPCommunityUpdateConfirm, wrapped in a CMS body as
 described in Section 2.
 The Content-Type header MUST have the value "application/
 tamp-community-update-confirm".

C.9. Sequence Number Adjust Message

 A Sequence Number Adjust Message using the POST method is constructed
 as follows: The Content-Type header MUST have the value "application/
 tamp-sequence-adjust".
 The body of the message is the binary value of the DER encoding of
 the SequenceNumberAdjust, wrapped in a CMS body as described in
 Section 2.

C.10. Sequence Number Adjust Confirm Message

 An HTTP-based Sequence Number Adjust Confirm message is composed of
 the appropriate HTTP headers, followed by the binary value of the DER
 encoding of the SequenceNumberAdjustConfirm, wrapped in a CMS body as
 described in Section 2.

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 90] RFC 5934 TAMP August 2010

 The Content-Type header MUST have the value "application/
 tamp-sequence-adjust-confirm".

C.11. TAMP Error Message

 An HTTP-based TAMP Error message is composed of the appropriate HTTP
 headers, followed by the binary value of the DER encoding of the
 TAMPError, wrapped in a CMS body as described in Section 2.
 The Content-Type header MUST have the value "application/tamp-error".

Authors' Addresses

 Russ Housley
 Vigil Security, LLC
 918 Spring Knoll Drive
 Herndon, VA  20170
 USA
 EMail: housley@vigilsec.com
 Sam Ashmore
 National Security Agency
 Suite 6751
 9800 Savage Road
 Fort Meade, MD  20755
 USA
 EMail: srashmo@radium.ncsc.mil
 Carl Wallace
 Cygnacom Solutions
 Suite 5400
 7925 Jones Branch Drive
 McLean, VA  22102
 USA
 EMail: cwallace@cygnacom.com

Housley, et al. Standards Track [Page 91]

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