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rfc:rfc5495

Network Working Group D. Li Request for Comments: 5495 J. Gao Category: Informational Huawei

                                                      A. Satyanarayana
                                                                 Cisco
                                                           S. Bardalai
                                                               Fujitsu
                                                            March 2009
                        Description of the
   Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic-Engineered (RSVP-TE)
                    Graceful Restart Procedures

Status of This Memo

 This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
 not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
 memo is unlimited.

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 document authors.  All rights reserved.
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 Contributions published or made publicly available before November
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 material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow
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 Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling
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 than English.

Li, et al. Informational [Page 1] RFC 5495 RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Procedures February 2009

Abstract

 The Hello message for the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) has
 been defined to establish and maintain basic signaling node
 adjacencies for Label Switching Routers (LSRs) participating in a
 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) traffic-engineered (TE) network.
 The Hello message has been extended for use in Generalized MPLS
 (GMPLS) networks for state recovery of control channel or nodal
 faults.
 The GMPLS protocol definitions for RSVP also allow a restarting node
 to learn which label it previously allocated for use on a Label
 Switched Path (LSP).
 Further RSVP protocol extensions have been defined to enable a
 restarting node to recover full control plane state by exchanging
 RSVP messages with its upstream and downstream neighbors.
 This document provides an informational clarification of the control
 plane procedures for a GMPLS network when there are multiple node
 failures, and describes how full control plane state can be recovered
 in different scenarios where the order in which the nodes restart is
 different.
 This document does not define any new processes or procedures.  All
 protocol mechanisms are already defined in the referenced documents.

Li, et al. Informational [Page 2] RFC 5495 RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Procedures February 2009

Table of Contents

 1. Introduction ....................................................3
 2. Existing Procedures for Single Node Restart .....................4
    2.1. Procedures Defined in RFC 3473 .............................4
    2.2. Procedures Defined in RFC 5063 .............................5
 3. Multiple Node Restart Scenarios .................................6
 4. RSVP State ......................................................7
 5. Procedures for Multiple Node Restart ............................7
    5.1. Procedures for the Normal Node .............................8
    5.2. Procedures for the Restarting Node .........................8
         5.2.1. Procedures for Scenario 1 ...........................8
         5.2.2. Procedures for Scenario 2 ...........................9
         5.2.3. Procedures for Scenario 3 ..........................11
         5.2.4. Procedures for Scenario 4 ..........................12
         5.2.5. Procedures for Scenario 5 ..........................12
    5.3. Consideration of the Reuse of Data Plane Resources ........12
    5.4. Consideration of Management Plane Intervention ............13
 6. Clarification of Restarting Node Procedure .....................13
 7. Security Considerations ........................................15
 8. Acknowledgments ................................................16
 9. References .....................................................17
    9.1. Normative References ......................................17
    9.2. Informative References ....................................17

1. Introduction

 The Hello message for the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) has
 been defined to establish and maintain basic signaling node
 adjacencies for Label Switching Routers (LSRs) participating in a
 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) traffic-engineered (TE) network
 [RFC3209].  The Hello message has been extended for use in
 Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) networks for state recovery of control
 channel or nodal faults through the exchange of the Restart_Cap
 Object [RFC3473].
 The GMPLS protocol definitions for RSVP [RFC3473] also allow a
 restarting node to learn which label it previously allocated for use
 on a Label Switched Path (LSP) through the Recovery_Label Object
 carried on a Path message sent to a restarting node from its upstream
 neighbor.
 Further RSVP protocol extensions have been defined [RFC5063] to
 perform graceful restart and to enable a restarting node to recover
 full control plane state by exchanging RSVP messages with its
 upstream and downstream neighbors.  State previously transmitted to
 the upstream neighbor (principally, the downstream label) is
 recovered from the upstream neighbor on a Path message (using the

Li, et al. Informational [Page 3] RFC 5495 RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Procedures February 2009

 Recovery_Label Object as described in [RFC3473]).  State previously
 transmitted to the downstream neighbor (including the upstream label,
 interface identifiers, and the explicit route) is recovered from the
 downstream neighbor using a RecoveryPath message.
 [RFC5063] also extends the Hello message to exchange information
 about the ability to support the RecoveryPath message.
 The examples and procedures in [RFC3473] and [RFC5063] focus on the
 description of a single node restart when adjacent network nodes are
 operative.  Although the procedures are equally applicable to multi-
 node restarts, no detailed explanation is provided for such a case.
 This document provides an informational clarification of the control
 plane procedures for a GMPLS network when there are multiple node
 failures, and describes how full control plane state can be recovered
 in different scenarios where the order in which the nodes restart is
 different.
 This document does not define any new processes or procedures.  All
 protocol mechanisms already defined in [RFC3473] and [RFC5063] are
 definitive.

2. Existing Procedures for Single Node Restart

 This section documents for information the existing procedures
 defined in [RFC3473] and [RFC5063].  Those documents are definitive,
 and the description here is non-normative.  It is provided for
 informational clarification only.

2.1. Procedures Defined in RFC 3473

 In the case of nodal faults, the procedures for the restarting node
 and the procedures for the neighbor of a restarting node are applied
 to the corresponding nodes.  These procedures, described in
 [RFC3473], are summarized as follows:
 For the Restarting Node:
 1) Tells its neighbors that state recovery is supported using the
    Hello message.
 2) Recovers its RSVP state with the help of a Path message, received
    from its upstream neighbor, that carries the Recovery_Label
    Object.
 3) For bidirectional LSPs, uses the Upstream_Label Object on the
    received Path message to recover the corresponding RSVP state.

Li, et al. Informational [Page 4] RFC 5495 RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Procedures February 2009

 4) If the corresponding forwarding state in the data plane does not
    exist, the node treats this as a setup for a new LSP.  If the
    forwarding state in the data plane does exist, the forwarding
    state is bound to the LSP associated with the message, and the
    related forwarding state should be considered as valid and
    refreshed.  In addition, if the node is not the tail-end of the
    LSP, the incoming label on the downstream interface is retrieved
    from the forwarding state on the restarting node and set in the
    Upstream_Label Object in the Path message sent to the downstream
    neighbor.
 For the Neighbor of a Restarting Node:
 1) Sends a Path message with the Recovery_Label Object containing a
    label value corresponding to the label value received in the most
    recently received corresponding Resv message.
 2) Resumes refreshing Path state with the restarting node.
 3) Resumes refreshing Resv state with the restarting node.

2.2. Procedures Defined in RFC 5063

 A new message is introduced in [RFC5063] called the RecoveryPath
 message.  This message is sent by the downstream neighbor of a
 restarting node to convey the contents of the last received Path
 message back to the restarting node.
 The restarting node will receive the Path message with the
 Recovery_Label Object from its upstream neighbor and/or the
 RecoveryPath message from its downstream neighbor.  The full RSVP
 state of the restarting node can be recovered from these two
 messages.
 The following state can be recovered from the received Path message:
 o Upstream data interface (from RSVP_Hop Object)
 o Label on the upstream data interface (from Recovery_Label Object)
 o Upstream label for bidirectional LSP (from Upstream_Label Object)
 The following state can be recovered from the received RecoveryPath
 message:
 o Downstream data interface (from RSVP_Hop Object)
 o Label on the downstream data interface (from Recovery_Label Object)

Li, et al. Informational [Page 5] RFC 5495 RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Procedures February 2009

 o Upstream direction label for bidirectional LSP (from Upstream_Label
   Object)
 The other objects originally exchanged on Path and Resv messages can
 be recovered from the regular Path and Resv refresh messages, or from
 the RecoveryPath.

3. Multiple Node Restart Scenarios

 We define the following terms for the different node types:
 Restarting - The node has restarted.  Communication with its neighbor
    nodes is restored, and its RSVP state is under recovery.
 Delayed Restarting - The node has restarted, but the communication
    with a neighbor node is interrupted (for example, the neighbor
    node needs to restart).
 Normal - The normal node is the fully operational neighbor of a
    restarting or delayed restarting node.
 There are five scenarios for multi-node restart.  We will focus on
 the different positions of a restarting node.  As shown in Figure 1,
 an LSP starts from Node A, traverses Nodes B and C, and ends at Node
 D.
        +-----+  Path  +-----+  Path  +-----+  Path  +-----+
        | PSB |------->| PSB |------->| PSB |------->| PSB |
        |     |        |     |        |     |        |     |
        | RSB |<-------| RSB |<-------| RSB |<-------| RSB |
        +-----+  Resv  +-----+  Resv  +-----+  Resv  +-----+
        Node A         Node B         Node C         Node D
                 Figure 1: Two Neighbor Nodes Restart
 1) A restarting node with downstream delayed restarting node.  For
    example, in Figure 1, Nodes A and D are normal nodes, Node B is a
    restarting node, and Node C is a delayed restarting node.
 2) A restarting node with upstream delayed restarting node.  For
    example, in Figure 1, Nodes A and D are normal nodes, Node B is a
    delayed restarting node, and Node C is a restarting node.
 3) A restarting node with downstream and upstream delayed restarting
    nodes.  For example, in Figure 1, Node A is a normal node, Nodes B
    and D are delayed restarting nodes, and Node C is a restarting
    node.

Li, et al. Informational [Page 6] RFC 5495 RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Procedures February 2009

 4) A restarting ingress node with downstream delayed restarting node.
    For example, in Figure 1, Node A is a restarting node and Node B
    is a delayed restarting node.  Nodes C and D are normal nodes.
 5) A restarting egress node with upstream delayed restarting node.
    For example, in Figure 1, Nodes A and B are normal nodes, Node C
    is a delayed restarting node, and Node D is a restarting node.
 If the communication between two nodes is interrupted, the upstream
 node may think the downstream node is a delayed restarting node, or
 vice versa.
 Note that if multiple nodes that are not neighbors are restarted, the
 restart procedures could be applied as multiple separated restart
 procedures that are exactly the same as the procedures described in
 [RFC3473] and [RFC5063].  Therefore, these scenarios are not
 described in this document.  For example, in Figure 1, Node A and
 Node C are normal nodes, and Node B and Node D are restarting nodes;
 therefore, Node B could be restarted through Node A and Node C, while
 Node D could be restarted through Node C separately.

4. RSVP State

 For each scenario, the RSVP state that needs to be recovered at the
 restarting nodes are the Path State Block (PSB) and Resv State Block
 (RSB), which are created when the node receives the corresponding
 Path message and Resv message.
 According to [RFC2209], how to construct the PSB and RSB is really an
 implementation issue.  In fact, there is no requirement to maintain
 separate PSB and RSB data structures.  In GMPLS, there is a much
 closer tie between Path and Resv state so it is possible to combine
 the information into a single state block (the LSP state block).  On
 the other hand, if point-to-multipoint is supported, it may be
 convenient to maintain separate upstream and downstream state.  Note
 that the PSB and RSB are not upstream and downstream state since the
 PSB is responsible for receiving a Path from upstream and sending a
 Path to downstream.
 Regardless of how the RSVP state is implemented, on recovery there
 are two logical pieces of state to be recovered and these correspond
 to the PSB and RSB.

5. Procedures for Multiple Node Restart

 In this document, all the nodes are assumed to have the graceful
 restart capabilities that are described in [RFC3473] and [RFC5063].

Li, et al. Informational [Page 7] RFC 5495 RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Procedures February 2009

5.1. Procedures for the Normal Node

 When the downstream normal node detects its neighbor restarting, it
 must send a RecoveryPath message for each LSP associated with the
 restarting node for which it has previously sent a Resv message and
 which has not been torn down.
 When the upstream normal node detects its neighbor restarting, it
 must send a Path message with a Recovery_Label Object containing a
 label value corresponding to the label value received in the most
 recently received corresponding Resv message.
 This document does not modify the procedures for the normal node,
 which are described in [RFC3473] and [RFC5063].

5.2. Procedures for the Restarting Node

 This document does not modify the procedures for the restarting node,
 which are described in [RFC3473] and [RFC5063].

5.2.1. Procedures for Scenario 1

 After the restarting node restarts, it starts a Recovery Timer.  Any
 RSVP state that has not been resynchronized when the Recovery Timer
 expires should be cleared.
 At the restarting node (Node B in the example), full
 resynchronization with the upstream neighbor (Node A) is possible
 because Node A is a normal node.  The upstream Path information is
 recovered from the Path message received from Node A.  Node B also
 recovers the upstream Resv information (that it had previously sent
 to Node A) from the Recovery_Label Object carried in the Path message
 received from Node A, but, obviously, some information (like the
 Recorded_Route Object) will be missing from the new Resv message
 generated by Node B and cannot be supplied until the downstream
 delayed restarting node (Node C) restarts and sends a Resv.
 After the upstream Path information and upstream Resv information
 have been recovered by Node B, the normal refresh procedure with
 upstream Node A should be started.
 As per [RFC5063], the restarting node (Node B) would normally expect
 to receive a RecoveryPath message from its downstream neighbor (Node
 C).  It would use this to recover the downstream Path information,
 and would subsequently send a Path message to its downstream neighbor
 and receive a Resv message.  But in this scenario, because the
 downstream neighbor has not restarted yet, Node B detects the
 communication with

Li, et al. Informational [Page 8] RFC 5495 RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Procedures February 2009

 Node C is interrupted and must wait before resynchronizing with its
 downstream neighbor.
 In this case, the restarting node (Node B) follows the procedures in
 Section 9.3 of [RFC3473] and may run a Restart Timer to wait for the
 downstream neighbor (Node C) to restart.  If its downstream neighbor
 (Node C) has not restarted before the timer expires, the
 corresponding LSPs may be torn down according to local policy
 [RFC3473].  Note, however, that the Restart Time value suggested in
 [RFC3473] is based on the previous Hello message exchanged with the
 node that has not restarted yet (Node C).  Since this time value is
 unlikely to be available to the restarting node (Node B), a
 configured time value must be used if the timer is operated.
 The RSVP state must be reconciled with the retained data plane state
 if the cross-connect information can be retrieved from the data
 plane.  In the event of any mismatches, local policy will dictate the
 action that must be taken, which could include:
  1. reprogramming the data plane
  1. sending an alert to the management plane
  1. tearing down the control plane state for the LSP
 In the case that the delayed restarting node never comes back and a
 Restart Timer is not used to automatically tear down LSPs, the LSPs
 can be tidied up through the control plane using a PathTear from the
 upstream node (Node A).  Note that if Node C restarts after this
 operation, the RecoveryPath message that it sends to Node B will not
 be matched with any state on Node B and will receive a PathTear as
 its response, resulting in the teardown of the LSP at all downstream
 nodes.

5.2.2. Procedures for Scenario 2

 In this case, the restarting node (Node C) can recover full
 downstream state from its downstream neighbor (Node D), which is a
 normal node.  The downstream Path state can be recovered from the
 RecoveryPath message, which is sent by Node D.  This allows Node C to
 send a Path refresh message to Node D, and Node D will respond with a
 Resv message from which Node C can reconstruct the downstream Resv
 state.
 After the downstream Path information and downstream Resv information
 have been recovered in Node C, the normal refresh procedure with
 downstream Node D should be started.

Li, et al. Informational [Page 9] RFC 5495 RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Procedures February 2009

 The restarting node would normally expect to resynchronize with its
 upstream neighbor to re-learn the upstream Path and Resv state, but
 in this scenario, because the upstream neighbor (Node B) has not
 restarted yet, the restarting node (Node C) detects that the
 communication with upstream neighbor (Node B) is interrupted.  The
 restarting node (Node C) follows the procedures in Section 9.3 of
 [RFC3473] and may run a Restart Timer to wait for the upstream
 neighbor (Node B) to restart.  If its upstream neighbor (Node B) has
 not restarted before the Restart Timer expires, the corresponding
 LSPs may be torn down according to local policy [RFC3473].  Note,
 however, that the Restart Time value suggested in [RFC3473] is based
 on the previous Hello message exchanged with the node that has not
 restarted yet (Node B).  Since this time value is unlikely to be
 available to the restarting node (Node C), a configured time value
 must be used if the timer is operated.
 Note that no Resv message is sent to the upstream neighbor (Node B),
 because it has not restarted.
 The RSVP state must be reconciled with the retained data plane state
 if the cross-connect information can be retrieved from the data
 plane.
 In the event of any mismatches, local policy will dictate the action
 that must be taken, which could include:
  1. reprogramming the data plane
  1. sending an alert to the management plane
  1. tearing down the control plane state for the LSP
 In the case that the delayed restarting node never comes back and a
 Restart Timer is not used to automatically tear down LSPs, the LSPs
 cannot be tidied up through the control plane using a PathTear from
 the upstream node (Node A), because there is no control plane
 connectivity to Node C from the upstream direction.  There are two
 possibilities in [RFC3473]:
  1. Management action may be taken at the restarting node to tear the

LSP. This will result in the LSP being removed from Node C and a

   PathTear being sent downstream to Node D.
  1. Management action may be taken at any downstream node (for example,

Node D), resulting in a PathErr message with the Path_State_Removed

   flag set being sent to Node C to tear the LSP state.

Li, et al. Informational [Page 10] RFC 5495 RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Procedures February 2009

 Note that if Node B restarts after this operation, the Path message
 that it sends to Node C will not be matched with any state on Node C
 and will be treated as a new Path message, resulting in LSP setup.
 Node C should use the labels carried in the Path message (in the
 Upstream_Label Object and in the Recovery_Label Object) to drive its
 label allocation, but may use other labels according to normal LSP
 setup rules.

5.2.3. Procedures for Scenario 3

 In this example, the restarting node (Node C) is isolated.  Its
 upstream and downstream neighbors have not restarted.
 The restarting node (Node C) follows the procedures in Section 9.3 of
 [RFC3473] and may run a Restart Timer for each of its neighbors
 (Nodes B and D).  If a neighbor has not restarted before its Restart
 Timer expires, the corresponding LSPs may be torn down according to
 local policy [RFC3473].  Note, however, that the Restart Time values
 suggested in [RFC3473] are based on the previous Hello message
 exchanged with the nodes that have not restarted yet.  Since these
 time values are unlikely to be available to the restarting node (Node
 C), a configured time value must be used if the timer is operated.
 During the Recovery Time, if the upstream delayed restarting node has
 restarted, the procedure for scenario 1 can be applied.
 During the Recovery Time, if the downstream delayed restarting node
 has restarted, the procedure for scenario 2 can be applied.
 In the case that neither delayed restarting node ever comes back and
 a Restart Timer is not used to automatically tear down LSPs,
 management intervention is required to tidy up the control plane and
 the data plane on the node that is waiting for the failed device to
 restart.
 If the downstream delayed restarting node restarts after the cleanup
 of LSPs at Node C, the RecoveryPath message from Node D will be
 responded to with a PathTear message.  If the upstream delayed
 restarting node restarts after the cleanup of LSPs at Node C, the
 Path message from Node B will be treated as a new LSP setup request,
 but the setup will fail because Node D cannot be reached; Node C will
 respond with a PathErr message.  Since this happens to Node B during
 its restart processing, it should follow the rules of [RFC5063] and
 tear down the LSP.

Li, et al. Informational [Page 11] RFC 5495 RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Procedures February 2009

5.2.4. Procedures for Scenario 4

 When the ingress node (Node A) restarts, it does not know which LSPs
 it caused to be created.  Usually, however, this information is
 retrieved from the management plane or from the configuration
 requests stored in non-volatile form in the node in order to recover
 the LSP state.
 Furthermore, if the downstream node (Node B) is a normal node,
 according to the procedures in [RFC5063], the ingress will receive a
 RecoveryPath message and will understand that it was the ingress of
 the LSP.
 However, in this scenario, the downstream node is a delayed
 restarting node, so Node A must either rely on the information from
 the management plane or stored configuration, or it must wait for
 Node B to restart.
 In the event that Node B never restarts, management plane
 intervention is needed at Node A to clean up any LSP control plane
 state restored from the management plane or from local configuration,
 and to release any data plane resources.

5.2.5. Procedures for Scenario 5

 In this scenario, the egress node (Node D) restarts, and its upstream
 neighbor (Node C) has not restarted.  In this case, the egress node
 may have no control plane state relating to the LSPs.  It has no
 downstream neighbor to help it and no management plane or
 configuration information, although there will be data plane state
 for the LSP.  The egress node must simply wait until its upstream
 neighbor restarts and gives it the information in Path messages
 carrying Recovery_Label Objects.

5.3. Consideration of the Reuse of Data Plane Resources

 Fundamental to the processes described above is an understanding that
 data plane resources may remain in use (allocated and cross-
 connected) when control plane state has not been fully resynchronized
 because some control plane nodes have not restarted.
 It is assumed that these data plane resources might be carrying
 traffic and should not be reconfigured except through application of
 operator-configured policy, or as a direct result of operator action.
 In particular, new LSP setup requests from the control plane or the
 management plane should not be allowed to use data plane resources

Li, et al. Informational [Page 12] RFC 5495 RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Procedures February 2009

 that are still in use.  Specific action must first be taken to
 release the resources.

5.4. Consideration of Management Plane Intervention

 The management plane must always retain the ability to control data
 plane resources and to override the control plane.  In this context,
 the management plane must always be able to release data plane
 resources that were previously in place for use by control-plane-
 established LSPs.  Further, the management plane must always be able
 to instruct any control plane node to tear down any LSP.
 Operators should be aware of the risks of misconnection that could be
 caused by careless manipulation from the management plane of in-use
 data plane resources.

6. Clarification of Restarting Node Procedure

 According to the current graceful restart procedure [RFC3473], after
 a node restarts its control plane, it needs its upstream node to send
 a PATH message with a recovery label in order to synchronize its RSVP
 state.  If the restarted control plane becomes operational quickly,
 the upstream node may not detect the restarting of the downstream
 node and, therefore, may send a PATH message without a recovery
 label, causing errors and unwanted connection deletion.

Li, et al. Informational [Page 13] RFC 5495 RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Procedures February 2009

   N1               N2
   |                |
   |                X (Restart start)
   | HELLO          |
   |--------------->|
   |                |
   | SRefresh       |
   |--------------->|
   |                |
   | HELLO          |
   |--------------->|
   |                |
   |                X (Restart complete)
   | SRefresh       |
   |--------------->|
   | NACK           |
   |<---------------|
   | Path without   |
   | recovery label |
   |--------------->|
   |                X (resource allocation failed because the
   |                | resources are in use)
   |  PathErr       |
   |<---------------|
   |  PathTear      |
   |--------------->|
   X(LSP deletion)  X (LSP deletion)
   |                |
          Figure 2: Message Flow for Accidental LSP Deletion
 The sequence diagram above depicts one scenario where the LSP may get
 deleted.
 In this sequence, N1 does not detect Hello failure and continues
 sending SRefreshes, which may get NACK'ed by N2 once restart
 completes because there is no Path state corresponding to the
 SRefresh message.  This NACK causes a Path refresh message to be
 generated, but there is no Recovery_Label because N1 does not yet
 detect that N2 has restarted, as Hello exchanges have not yet
 started.  The Path message is treated as "new" and fails to allocate
 the resources because they are still in use.  This causes a PathErr
 message to be generated, which may lead to the teardown of the LSP.
 To resolve the aforementioned problem, the following procedures,
 which are implicit in [RFC3473] and [RFC5063], should be followed.
 These procedures work together with the recovery procedures
 documented in [RFC3473].  Here, it is assumed that the restarting

Li, et al. Informational [Page 14] RFC 5495 RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Procedures February 2009

 node and the neighboring node(s) support the Hello extension as
 documented in [RFC3209] as well as the recovery procedures documented
 in [RFC3473].
 After a node restarts its control plane, it should ignore and
 silently drop all RSVP-TE messages (except Hello messages) it
 receives from any neighbor to which no HELLO session has been
 established.
 The restarting node should follow [RFC3209] to establish Hello
 sessions with its neighbors, after its control plane becomes
 operational.
 The restarting node resumes processing of RSVP-TE messages sent from
 each neighbor to which the Hello session has been established.

7. Security Considerations

 This document clarifies the procedures defined in [RFC3473] and
 [RFC5063] to be performed on RSVP agents that neighbor one or more
 restarting RSVP agents.  It does not introduce any new procedures
 and, therefore, does not introduce any new security risks or issues.
 In the case of the control plane in general, and the RSVP agent in
 particular, where one or more nodes carrying one or more LSPs are
 restarted due to external attacks, the procedures defined in
 [RFC5063] and described in this document provide the ability for the
 restarting RSVP agents to recover the RSVP state in each restarting
 node corresponding to the LSPs, with the least possible perturbation
 to the rest of the network.  These procedures can be considered to
 provide mechanisms by which the GMPLS network can recover from
 physical attacks or from attacks on remotely controlled power
 supplies.
 The procedures described are such that only the neighboring RSVP
 agents should notice the restart of a node, and hence only they need
 to perform additional processing.  This allows for a network with
 active LSPs to recover LSP state gracefully from an external attack,
 without perturbing the data/forwarding plane state and without
 propagating the error condition in the control or data plane.  In
 other words, the effect of the restart (which might be the result of
 an attack) does not spread into the network.
 Note that concern has been expressed about the vulnerability of a
 restarting node to false messages received from its neighbors.  For
 example, a restarting node might receive a false Path message with a

Li, et al. Informational [Page 15] RFC 5495 RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Procedures February 2009

 Recovery_Label Object from an upstream neighbor, or a false
 RecoveryPath message from its downstream neighbor.  This situation
 might arise in one of four cases:
  1. The message is spoofed and does not come from the neighbor at all.
  1. The message has been modified as it was traveling from the

neighbor.

  1. The neighbor is defective and has generated a message in error.
  1. The neighbor has been subverted and has a "rogue" RSVP agent.
 The first two cases may be handled using standard RSVP authentication
 and integrity procedures [RFC3209], [RFC3473].  If the operator is
 particularly worried, the control plane may be operated using IPsec
 [RFC4301], [RFC4302], [RFC4835], [RFC4306], and [RFC2411].
 Protection against defective or rogue RSVP implementations is
 generally hard-to-impossible.  Neighbor-to-neighbor authentication
 and integrity validation is, by definition, ineffective in these
 situations.  For example, if a neighbor node sends a Resv during
 normal LSP setup, and if that message carries a Generalized_Label
 Object carrying an incorrect label value, then the receiving LSR will
 use the supplied value and the LSP will be set up incorrectly.
 Alternatively, if a Path message is modified by an upstream LSR to
 change the destination and explicit route, there is no way for the
 downstream LSR to detect this, and the LSP may be set up to the wrong
 destination.  Furthermore, the upstream LSR could disguise this fact
 by modifying the recorded route reported in the Resv message.  Thus,
 these issues are in no way specific to the restart case, do not cause
 any greater or different problems from the normal case, and do not
 warrant specific security measures applicable to restart scenarios.
 Note that the RSVP Policy_Data Object [RFC2205] provides a scope by
 which secure end-to-end checks could be applied.  However, very
 little definition of the use of this object has been made to date.
 See [MPLS-SEC] for a wider discussion of security in MPLS and GMPLS
 networks.

8. Acknowledgments

 We would like to thank Adrian Farrel, Dimitri Papadimitriou, and Lou
 Berger for their useful comments.

Li, et al. Informational [Page 16] RFC 5495 RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Procedures February 2009

9. References

9.1. Normative References

 [RFC2209]  Braden, R. and L. Zhang, "Resource ReSerVation Protocol
            (RSVP) -- Version 1 Message Processing Rules", RFC 2209,
            September 1997.
 [RFC3209]  Awduche, D., Berger, L., Gan, D., Li, T., Srinivasan, V.,
            and G. Swallow, "RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP
            Tunnels", RFC 3209, December 2001.
 [RFC3473]  Berger, L., Ed., "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
            Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Resource ReserVation
            Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions", RFC
            3473, January 2003.
 [RFC5063]  Satyanarayana, A., Ed., and R. Rahman, Ed., "Extensions to
            GMPLS Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) Graceful
            Restart", RFC 5063, October 2007.

9.2. Informative References

 [MPLS-SEC] Fang, L., "Security Framework for MPLS and GMPLS
            Networks", Work in Progress, November 2008.
 [RFC2205]  Braden, R., Ed., Zhang, L., Berson, S., Herzog, S., and S.
            Jamin, "Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) -- Version 1
            Functional Specification", RFC 2205, September 1997.
 [RFC2411]  Thayer, R., Doraswamy, N., and R. Glenn, "IP Security
            Document Roadmap", RFC 2411, November 1998.
 [RFC4301]  Kent, S. and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for the
            Internet Protocol", RFC 4301, December 2005.
 [RFC4302]  Kent, S., "IP Authentication Header", RFC 4302, December
            2005.
 [RFC4306]  Kaufman, C., Ed., "Internet Key Exchange (IKEv2)
            Protocol", RFC 4306, December 2005.
 [RFC4835]  Manral, V., "Cryptographic Algorithm Implementation
            Requirements for Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and
            Authentication Header (AH)", RFC 4835, April 2007.

Li, et al. Informational [Page 17] RFC 5495 RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Procedures February 2009

Authors' Addresses

 Dan Li
 Huawei Technologies
 F3-5-B R&D Center, Huawei Base,
 Shenzhen 518129, China
 Phone: +86 755 28970230
 EMail: danli@huawei.com
 Jianhua Gao
 Huawei Technologies
 F3-5-B R&D Center, Huawei Base,
 Shenzhen 518129, China
 Phone: +86 755 28972902
 EMail: gjhhit@huawei.com
 Arun Satyanarayana
 Cisco Systems
 170 West Tasman Dr
 San Jose, CA 95134, USA
 Phone: +1 408 853-3206
 EMail: asatyana@cisco.com
 Snigdho C. Bardalai
 Fujitsu Network Communications
 2801 Telecom Parkway
 Richardson, Texas 75082, USA
 Phone: +1 972 479 2951
 EMail: snigdho.bardalai@us.fujitsu.com

Li, et al. Informational [Page 18]

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