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rfc:rfc5285

Network Working Group D. Singer Request for Comments: 5285 Apple, Inc. Category: Standards Track H. Desineni

                                                              Qualcomm
                                                             July 2008
           A General Mechanism for RTP Header Extensions

Status of This Memo

 This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
 Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
 improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
 Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
 and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Abstract

 This document provides a general mechanism to use the header
 extension feature of RTP (the Real-Time Transport Protocol).  It
 provides the option to use a small number of small extensions in each
 RTP packet, where the universe of possible extensions is large and
 registration is de-centralized.  The actual extensions in use in a
 session are signaled in the setup information for that session.

Table of Contents

 1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2
 2.  Requirements Notation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2
 3.  Design Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2
 4.  Packet Design  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   4.1.  General  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   4.2.  One-Byte Header  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   4.3.  Two-Byte Header  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
 5.  SDP Signaling Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
 6.  Offer/Answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
 7.  BNF Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
 8.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
 9.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   9.1.  Identifier Space for IANA to Manage  . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   9.2.  Registration of the SDP extmap Attribute . . . . . . . . . 14
 10. Acknowledgments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
 11. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Singer & Desineni Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 5285 RTP Header Extensions July 2008

1. Introduction

 The RTP specification [RFC3550] provides a capability to extend the
 RTP header.  It defines the header extension format and rules for its
 use in Section 5.3.1.  The existing header extension method permits
 at most one extension per RTP packet, identified by a 16-bit
 identifier and a 16-bit length field specifying the length of the
 header extension in 32-bit words.
 This mechanism has two conspicuous drawbacks.  First, it permits only
 one header extension in a single RTP packet.  Second, the
 specification gives no guidance as to how the 16-bit header extension
 identifiers are allocated to avoid collisions.
 This specification removes the first drawback by defining a backward-
 compatible and extensible means to carry multiple header extension
 elements in a single RTP packet.  It removes the second drawback by
 defining that these extension elements are named by URIs, defining an
 IANA registry for extension elements defined in IETF specifications,
 and a Session Description Protocol (SDP) method for mapping between
 the naming URIs and the identifier values carried in the RTP packets.
 This header extension applies to RTP/AVP (the Audio/Visual Profile)
 and its extensions.

2. Requirements Notation

 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
 document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

3. Design Goals

 The goal of this design is to provide a simple mechanism whereby
 multiple identified extensions can be used in RTP packets, without
 the need for formal registration of those extensions but nonetheless
 avoiding collision.
 This mechanism provides an alternative to the practice of burying
 associated metadata into the media format bit stream.  This has often
 been done in media data sent over fixed-bandwidth channels.  Once
 this is done, a decoder for the specific media format is required to
 extract the metadata.  Also, depending on the media format, the
 metadata may need to be added at the time of encoding the media so
 that the bit-rate required for the metadata is taken into account.
 But the metadata may not be known at that time.  Inserting metadata
 at a later time can require a decode and re-encode to meet bit-rate
 requirements.

Singer & Desineni Standards Track [Page 2] RFC 5285 RTP Header Extensions July 2008

 In some cases, a more appropriate, higher-level mechanism may be
 available, and if so, it should be used.  For cases where a higher-
 level mechanism is not available, it is better to provide a mechanism
 at the RTP level than have the metadata be tied to a specific form of
 media data.

4. Packet Design

4.1. General

 The following design is fit into the "header extension" of the RTP
 extension, as described above.
 The presence and format of this header extension and its contents are
 negotiated or defined out-of-band, such as through signaling (see
 below for SDP signaling).  The value defined for an RTP extension
 (defined below for the one-byte and two-byte header forms) is only an
 architectural constant (e.g., for use by network analyzers); it is
 the negotiation/definition (e.g., in SDP) that is the definitive
 indication that this header extension is present.
 This specification inherits the requirement from the RTP
 specification that the header extension "is designed so that the
 header extension may be ignored".  To be specific, header extensions
 using this specification MUST only be used for data that can safely
 be ignored by the recipient without affecting interoperability, and
 MUST NOT be used when the presence of the extension has changed the
 form or nature of the rest of the packet in a way that is not
 compatible with the way the stream is signaled (e.g., as defined by
 the payload type).  Valid examples might include metadata that is
 additional to the usual RTP information.
 The RTP header extension is formed as a sequence of extension
 elements, with possible padding.  Each extension element has a local
 identifier and a length.  The local identifiers may be mapped to a
 larger namespace in the negotiation (e.g., session signaling).
 As is good network practice, data should only be transmitted when
 needed.  The RTP header extension should only be present in a packet
 if that packet also contains one or more extension elements, as
 defined here.  An extension element should only be present in a
 packet when needed; the signaling setup of extension elements
 indicates only that those elements may be present in some packets,
 not that they are in fact present in all (or indeed, any) packets.
 Each extension element in a packet has a local identifier (ID) and a
 length.  The local identifiers present in the stream MUST have been
 negotiated or defined out-of-band.  There are no static allocations

Singer & Desineni Standards Track [Page 3] RFC 5285 RTP Header Extensions July 2008

 of local identifiers.  Each distinct extension MUST have a unique ID.
 The value 0 is reserved for padding and MUST NOT be used as a local
 identifier.
 There are two variants of the extension: one-byte and two-byte
 headers.  Since it is expected that (a) the number of extensions in
 any given RTP session is small and (b) the extensions themselves are
 small, the one-byte header form is preferred and MUST be supported by
 all receivers.  A stream MUST contain only one-byte or two-byte
 headers: they MUST NOT be mixed within a stream.  Transmitters SHOULD
 NOT use the two-byte form when all extensions are small enough for
 the one-byte header form.
 A sequence of extension elements, possibly with padding, forms the
 header extension defined in the RTP specification.  There are as many
 extension elements as fit into the length as indicated in the RTP
 header extension length.  Since this length is signaled in full 32-
 bit words, padding bytes are used to pad to a 32-bit boundary.  The
 entire extension is parsed byte-by-byte to find each extension
 element (no alignment is required), and parsing stops at the earlier
 of the end of the entire header extension, or, in one-byte headers,
 on encountering an identifier with the reserved value of 15.
 In both forms, padding bytes have the value of 0 (zero).  They may be
 placed between extension elements, if desired for alignment, or after
 the last extension element, if needed for padding.  A padding byte
 does not supply the ID of an element, nor the length field.  When a
 padding byte is found, it is ignored and the parser moves on to
 interpreting the next byte.
 Note carefully that the one-byte header form allows for data lengths
 between 1 and 16 bytes, by adding 1 to the signaled length value
 (thus, 0 in the length field indicates 1 byte of data follows).  This
 allows for the important case of 16-byte payloads.  This addition is
 not performed for the two-byte headers, where the length field
 signals data lengths between 0 and 255 bytes.
 Use of RTP header extensions will reduce the efficiency of RTP header
 compression, since the header extension will be sent uncompressed
 unless the RTP header compression module is updated to recognize the
 extension header.  If header extensions are present in some packets,
 but not in others, this can also reduce compression efficiency by
 requiring an update to the fixed header to be conveyed when header
 extensions start or stop being sent.  The interactions of the RTP
 header extension and header compression is explored further in
 [RFC2508] and [RFC3095].

Singer & Desineni Standards Track [Page 4] RFC 5285 RTP Header Extensions July 2008

4.2. One-Byte Header

 In the one-byte header form of extensions, the 16-bit value required
 by the RTP specification for a header extension, labeled in the RTP
 specification as "defined by profile", takes the fixed bit pattern
 0xBEDE (the first version of this specification was written on the
 feast day of the Venerable Bede).
 Each extension element starts with a byte containing an ID and a
 length:
     0
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |  ID   |  len  |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 The 4-bit ID is the local identifier of this element in the range
 1-14 inclusive.  In the signaling section, this is referred to as the
 valid range.
 The local identifier value 15 is reserved for future extension and
 MUST NOT be used as an identifier.  If the ID value 15 is
 encountered, its length field should be ignored, processing of the
 entire extension should terminate at that point, and only the
 extension elements present prior to the element with ID 15
 considered.
 The 4-bit length is the number minus one of data bytes of this header
 extension element following the one-byte header.  Therefore, the
 value zero in this field indicates that one byte of data follows, and
 a value of 15 (the maximum) indicates element data of 16 bytes.
 (This permits carriage of 16-byte values, which is a common length of
 labels and identifiers, while losing the possibility of zero-length
 values -- which would often be padded anyway.)

Singer & Desineni Standards Track [Page 5] RFC 5285 RTP Header Extensions July 2008

 An example header extension, with three extension elements, some
 padding, and including the required RTP fields, follows:
     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |       0xBE    |    0xDE       |           length=3            |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |  ID   | L=0   |     data      |  ID   |  L=1  |   data...
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
          ...data   |    0 (pad)    |    0 (pad)    |  ID   | L=3   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                          data                                 |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

4.3. Two-Byte Header

 In the two-byte header form, the 16-bit value required by the RTP
 specification for a header extension, labeled in the RTP
 specification as "defined by profile", is defined as shown below.
     0                   1
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |         0x100         |appbits|
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 The appbits field is 4 bits that are application-dependent and may be
 defined to be any value or meaning, and are outside the scope of this
 specification.  For the purposes of signaling, this field is treated
 as a special extension value assigned to the local identifier 256.
 If no extension has been specified through configuration or signaling
 for this local identifier value 256, the appbits field SHOULD be set
 to all 0s by the sender and MUST be ignored by the receiver.
 Each extension element starts with a byte containing an ID and a byte
 containing a length:
     0                   1
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |       ID      |     length    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Singer & Desineni Standards Track [Page 6] RFC 5285 RTP Header Extensions July 2008

 The 8-bit ID is the local identifier of this element in the range
 1-255 inclusive.  In the signaling section, the range 1-256 is
 referred to as the valid range, with the values 1-255 referring to
 extension elements, and the value 256 referring to the 4-bit field
 'appbits' (above).
 The 8-bit length field is the length of extension data in bytes not
 including the ID and length fields.  The value zero indicates there
 is no data following.
 An example header extension, with three extension elements, some
 padding, and including the required RTP fields, follows:
     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |       0x10    |    0x00       |           length=3            |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |      ID       |     L=0       |     ID        |     L=1       |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |       data    |    0 (pad)    |       ID      |      L=4      |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                          data                                 |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

5. SDP Signaling Design

 The indication of the presence of this extension, and the mapping of
 local identifiers used in the header extension to a larger namespace,
 MUST be performed out-of-band, for example, as part of a SIP offer/
 answer exchange using SDP.  This section defines such signaling in
 SDP.
 A usable mapping MUST use IDs in the valid range, and each ID in this
 range MUST be used only once for each media (or only once if the
 mappings are session level).  Mappings that do not conform to these
 rules MAY be presented, for instance, during offer/answer negotiation
 as described in the next section, but remapping to conformant values
 is necessary before they can be applied.
 Each extension is named by a URI.  That URI MUST be absolute, and
 precisely identifies the format and meaning of the extension.  URIs
 that contain a domain name SHOULD also contain a month-date in the
 form mmyyyy.  The definition of the element and assignment of the URI
 MUST have been authorized by the owner of the domain name on or very

Singer & Desineni Standards Track [Page 7] RFC 5285 RTP Header Extensions July 2008

 close to that date.  (This avoids problems when domain names change
 ownership.)  If the resource or document defines several extensions,
 then the URI MUST identify the actual extension in use, e.g., using a
 fragment or query identifier (characters after a '#' or '?' in the
 URI).
 Rationale: the use of URIs provides for a large, unallocated space,
 and gives documentation on the extension.  The URIs are not required
 to be de-referencable, in order to permit confidential or
 experimental use, and to cover the case when extensions continue to
 be used after the organization that defined them ceases to exist.
 An extension URI with the same attributes MUST NOT appear more than
 once applying to the same stream, i.e., at session level or in the
 declarations for a single stream at media level.  (The same extension
 may, of course, be used for several streams, and may appear
 differently parameterized for the same stream.)
 For extensions defined in RFCs, the URI used SHOULD be a URN starting
 "urn:ietf:params:rtp-hdrext:" and followed by a registered,
 descriptive name.
 The registration requirements are detailed in the IANA Considerations
 section, below.
 An example (this is only an example), where 'avt-example-metadata' is
 the hypothetical name of a header extension, might be:
    urn:ietf:params:rtp-hdrext:avt-example-metadata
 An example name not from the IETF (this is only an example) might be:
    http://example.com/082005/ext.htm#example-metadata
 The mapping may be provided per media stream (in the media-level
 section(s) of SDP, i.e., after an "m=" line) or globally for all
 streams (i.e., before the first "m=" line, at session level).  The
 definitions MUST be either all session level or all media level; it
 is not permitted to mix the two styles.  In addition, as noted above,
 the IDs used MUST be unique for each stream type for a given media,
 or for the session for session-level declarations.
 Each local identifier potentially used in the stream is mapped to a
 string using an attribute of the form:
    a=extmap:<value>["/"<direction>] <URI> <extensionattributes>

Singer & Desineni Standards Track [Page 8] RFC 5285 RTP Header Extensions July 2008

 where <URI> is a URI, as above, <value> is the local identifier (ID)
 of this extension and is an integer in the valid range inclusive (0
 is reserved for padding in both forms, and 15 is reserved in the one-
 byte header form, as noted above), and <direction> is one of
 "sendonly", "recvonly", "sendrecv", or "inactive" (without the
 quotes).
 The formal BNF syntax is presented in a later section of this
 specification.
 Example:
    a=extmap:1 http://example.com/082005/ext.htm#ttime
    a=extmap:2/sendrecv http://example.com/082005/ext.htm#xmeta short
 When SDP signaling is used for the RTP session, it is the presence of
 the 'extmap' attribute(s) that is diagnostic that this style of
 header extensions is used, not the magic number indicated above.

6. Offer/Answer

 The simple signaling described above may be enhanced in an offer/
 answer context, to permit:
 o  asymmetric behavior (extensions sent in only one direction),
 o  the offer of mutually exclusive alternatives, or
 o  the offer of more extensions than can be sent in a single session.
 A direction attribute MAY be included in an extmap; without it, the
 direction implicitly inherits, of course, from the stream direction,
 or is "sendrecv" for session-level attributes or extensions of
 "inactive" streams.  The direction MUST be one of "sendonly",
 "recvonly", "sendrecv", or "inactive".  A "sendonly" direction
 indicates an ability to send; a "recvonly" direction indicates a
 desire to receive; a "sendrecv" direction indicates both.  An
 "inactive" direction indicates neither, but later re-negotiation may
 make an extension active.
 Extensions, with their directions, may be signaled for an "inactive"
 stream.  It is an error to use an extension direction incompatible
 with the stream direction (e.g., a "sendonly" attribute for a
 "recvonly" stream).

Singer & Desineni Standards Track [Page 9] RFC 5285 RTP Header Extensions July 2008

 If an offer or answer contains session-level mappings (and hence no
 media-level mappings), and different behavior is desired for each
 stream, then the entire set of extension map declarations may be
 moved into the media-level section(s) of the SDP.  (Note that this
 specification does not permit mixing global and local declarations,
 to make identifier management easier.)
 If an extension map is offered as "sendrecv", explicitly or
 implicitly, and asymmetric behavior is desired, the SDP may be
 modified to modify or add direction qualifiers for that extension.
 If an extension is marked as "sendonly" and the answerer desires to
 receive it, the extension MUST be marked as "recvonly" in the SDP
 answer.  An answerer that has no desire to receive the extension or
 does not understand the extension SHOULD remove it from the SDP
 answer.
 If an extension is marked as "recvonly" and the answerer desires to
 send it, the extension MUST be marked as "sendonly" in the SDP
 answer.  An answerer that has no desire to, or is unable to, send the
 extension SHOULD remove it from the SDP answer.
 Local identifiers in the valid range inclusive in an offer or answer
 must not be used more than once per media section (including the
 session-level section).  A session update MAY change the direction
 qualifiers of extensions under use.  A session update MAY add or
 remove extension(s).  Identifiers values in the valid range MUST NOT
 be altered (remapped).
 Note that, under this rule, the same local identifier cannot be used
 for two extensions for the same media, even when one is "sendonly"
 and the other "recvonly", as it would then be impossible to make
 either of them sendrecv (since re-numbering is not permitted either).
 If a party wishes to offer mutually exclusive alternatives, then
 multiple extensions with the same identifier in the (unusable) range
 4096-4351 may be offered; the answerer should select at most one of
 the offered extensions with the same identifier, and remap it to a
 free identifier in the valid range, for that extension to be usable.
 Similarly, if more extensions are offered than can be fit in the
 valid range, identifiers in the range 4096-4351 may be offered; the
 answerer should choose those that are desired, and remap them to a
 free identifier in the valid range.

Singer & Desineni Standards Track [Page 10] RFC 5285 RTP Header Extensions July 2008

 It is always allowed to place the offered identifier value "as is" in
 the SDP answer (for example, due to lack of a free identifier value
 in the valid range).  Extensions with an identifier outside the valid
 range cannot, of course, be used.  If required, the offerer or
 answerer can update the session to make space for such an extension.
 Rationale: the range 4096-4351 for these negotiation identifiers is
 deliberately restricted to allow expansion of the range of valid
 identifiers in future.
 Either party MAY include extensions in the stream other than those
 negotiated, or those negotiated as "inactive", for example, for the
 benefit of intermediate nodes.  Only extensions that appeared with an
 identifier in the valid range in SDP originated by the sender can be
 sent.
 Example (port numbers, RTP profiles, payload IDs and rtpmaps, etc.
 all omitted for brevity):
 The offer:
 a=extmap:1 URI-toffset
 a=extmap:14 URI-obscure
 a=extmap:4096 URI-gps-string
 a=extmap:4096 URI-gps-binary
 a=extmap:4097 URI-frametype
 m=video
 a=sendrecv
 m=audio
 a=sendrecv
 The answerer is interested in receiving GPS in string format only on
 video, but cannot send GPS at all.  It is not interested in
 transmission offsets on audio, and does not understand the URI-
 obscure extension.  It therefore moves the extensions from session
 level to media level, and adjusts the declarations:
 m=video
 a=sendrecv
 a=extmap:1 URI-toffset
 a=extmap:2/recvonly URI-gps-string
 a=extmap:3 URI-frametype
 m=audio
 a=sendrecv
 a=extmap:1/sendonly URI-toffset

Singer & Desineni Standards Track [Page 11] RFC 5285 RTP Header Extensions July 2008

7. BNF Syntax

 The syntax definition below uses ABNF according to [RFC5234].  The
 syntax element 'URI' is defined in [RFC3986] (only absolute URIs are
 permitted here).  The syntax element 'extmap' is an attribute as
 defined in [RFC4566], i.e., "a=" precedes the extmap definition.
 Specific extensionattributes are defined by the specification that
 defines a specific extension name; there may be several.
      extmap = mapentry SP extensionname [SP extensionattributes]
      extensionname = URI
      direction = "sendonly" / "recvonly" / "sendrecv" / "inactive"
      mapentry = "extmap:" 1*5DIGIT ["/" direction]
      extensionattributes = byte-string
      URI = <Defined in RFC 3986>
      byte-string = <Defined in RFC 4566>
      SP = <Defined in RFC 5234>
      DIGIT = <Defined in RFC 5234>

8. Security Considerations

 This defines only a place to transmit information; the security
 implications of the extensions must be discussed with those
 extensions.
 Care should be taken when defining extensions.  Clearly, they should
 be solely informative, but even when the information is extracted,
 should not cause security concerns.
 Header extensions have the same security coverage as the RTP header
 itself.  When Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP) [RFC3711] is
 used to protect RTP sessions, the RTP payload may be both encrypted
 and integrity protected, while the RTP header is either unprotected
 or integrity protected.  Therefore, it is inappropriate to place
 information in header extensions that cause security problems if
 disclosed, unless the entire RTP packet is protected by a lower-layer
 security protocol providing both confidentiality and integrity
 capability.

Singer & Desineni Standards Track [Page 12] RFC 5285 RTP Header Extensions July 2008

9. IANA Considerations

9.1. Identifier Space for IANA to Manage

 The mapping from the naming URI form to a reference to a
 specification is managed by IANA.  Insertion into this registry is
 under the requirements of "Expert Review" as defined in [RFC5226].
 The IANA will also maintain a server that contains all of the
 registered elements in a publicly accessible space.
 Here is the formal declaration required by the IETF URN Sub-namespace
 specification [RFC3553].
 o  Registry name: RTP Compact Header Extensions
 o  Specification: RFC 5285 and RFCs updating RFC 5285.
 o  Information required:
    A.  The desired extension naming URI
    B.  A formal reference to the publicly available specification
    C.  A short phrase describing the function of the extension
    D.  Contact information for the organization or person making the
        registration
    For extensions defined in RFCs, the URI is recommended to be of
    the form urn:ietf:params:rtp-hdrext:, and the formal reference is
    the RFC number of the RFC documenting the extension.
 o  Review process: Expert review is required.  The expert review
    should check the following requirements:
    1.  that the specification is publicly available;
    2.  that the extension complies with the requirements of RTP and
        this specification, for extensions (notably, that the stream
        is still decodable if the extension is ignored or not
        recognized);
    3.  that the extension specification is technically consistent (in
        itself and with RTP), complete, and comprehensible;

Singer & Desineni Standards Track [Page 13] RFC 5285 RTP Header Extensions July 2008

    4.  that the extension does not duplicate functionality in
        existing IETF specifications (including RTP itself), or other
        extensions already registered;
    5.  that the specification contains a security analysis regarding
        the content of the header extension;
    6.  that the extension is generally applicable, for example point-
        to-multipoint safe, and the specification correctly describes
        limitations if they exist; and
    7.  that the suggested naming URI form is appropriately chosen and
        unique.
 o  Size and format of entries: a mapping from a naming URI string to
    a formal reference to a publicly available specification, with a
    descriptive phrase and contact information.
 o  Initial assignments: none.

9.2. Registration of the SDP extmap Attribute

 This section contains the information required by [RFC4566] for an
 SDP attribute.
 o  contact name, email address, and telephone number:
       D. Singer
       singer@apple.com
       +1 408-974-3162
 o  attribute name (as it will appear in SDP): extmap
 o  long-form attribute name in English: generic header extension map
    definition
 o  type of attribute (session level, media level, or both): both
 o  whether the attribute value is subject to the charset attribute:
    not subject to the charset attribute
 o  a one-paragraph explanation of the purpose of the attribute: This
    attribute defines the mapping from the extension numbers used in
    packet headers into extension names as documented in
    specifications and appropriately registered.
 o  a specification of appropriate attribute values for this
    attribute: see RFC 5285.

Singer & Desineni Standards Track [Page 14] RFC 5285 RTP Header Extensions July 2008

10. Acknowledgments

 Both Brian Link and John Lazzaro provided helpful comments on an
 initial draft of this document.  Colin Perkins was helpful in
 reviewing and dealing with the details.  The use of URNs for IETF-
 defined extensions was suggested by Jonathan Lennox, and Pete Cordell
 was instrumental in improving the padding wording.  Dave Oran
 provided feedback and text in the review.  Mike Dolan contributed the
 two-byte header form.  Magnus Westerlund and Tom Taylor were
 instrumental in managing the registration text.

11. Normative References

 [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
            Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
 [RFC2508]  Casner, S. and V. Jacobson, "Compressing IP/UDP/RTP
            Headers for Low-Speed Serial Links", RFC 2508,
            February 1999.
 [RFC3095]  Bormann, C., Burmeister, C., Degermark, M., Fukushima, H.,
            Hannu, H., Jonsson, L-E., Hakenberg, R., Koren, T., Le,
            K., Liu, Z., Martensson, A., Miyazaki, A., Svanbro, K.,
            Wiebke, T., Yoshimura, T., and H. Zheng, "RObust Header
            Compression (ROHC): Framework and four profiles: RTP, UDP,
            ESP, and uncompressed", RFC 3095, July 2001.
 [RFC3550]  Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V.
            Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time
            Applications", STD 64, RFC 3550, July 2003.
 [RFC3553]  Mealling, M., Masinter, L., Hardie, T., and G. Klyne, "An
            IETF URN Sub-namespace for Registered Protocol
            Parameters", BCP 73, RFC 3553, June 2003.
 [RFC3711]  Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K.
            Norrman, "The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP)",
            RFC 3711, March 2004.
 [RFC3986]  Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
            Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
            RFC 3986, January 2005.
 [RFC4566]  Handley, M., Jacobson, V., and C. Perkins, "SDP: Session
            Description Protocol", RFC 4566, July 2006.

Singer & Desineni Standards Track [Page 15] RFC 5285 RTP Header Extensions July 2008

 [RFC5226]  Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
            IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226,
            May 2008.
 [RFC5234]  Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
            Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008.

Authors' Addresses

 David Singer
 Apple, Inc.
 1 Infinite Loop
 Cupertino, CA  95014
 USA
 Phone: +1 408 996 1010
 EMail: singer@apple.com
 URI:   http://www.apple.com/quicktime
 Harikishan Desineni
 Qualcomm
 5775 Morehouse Drive
 San Diego, CA  92126
 USA
 Phone: +1 858 845 8996
 EMail: hd@qualcomm.com
 URI:   http://www.qualcomm.com

Singer & Desineni Standards Track [Page 16] RFC 5285 RTP Header Extensions July 2008

Full Copyright Statement

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 This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
 contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
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Singer & Desineni Standards Track [Page 17]

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