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rfc:rfc5025

Network Working Group J. Rosenberg Request for Comments: 5025 Cisco Category: Standards Track December 2007

                   Presence Authorization Rules

Status of This Memo

 This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
 Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
 improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
 Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
 and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Abstract

 Authorization is a key function in presence systems.  Authorization
 policies, also known as authorization rules, specify what presence
 information can be given to which watchers, and when.  This
 specification defines an Extensible Markup Language (XML) document
 format for expressing presence authorization rules.  Such a document
 can be manipulated by clients using the XML Configuration Access
 Protocol (XCAP), although other techniques are permitted.

Table of Contents

 1. Introduction ....................................................2
 2. Terminology .....................................................3
 3. Structure of Presence Authorization Documents ...................3
    3.1. Conditions .................................................4
         3.1.1. Identity ............................................4
                3.1.1.1. Acceptable Forms of Authentication .........4
                3.1.1.2. Computing a URI for the Watcher ............5
         3.1.2. Sphere ..............................................6
    3.2. Actions ....................................................7
         3.2.1. Subscription Handling ...............................7
    3.3. Transformations ............................................9
         3.3.1. Providing Access to Data Component Elements .........9
                3.3.1.1. Device Information .........................9
                3.3.1.2. Person Information ........................10
                3.3.1.3. Service Information .......................11
         3.3.2. Providing Access to Presence Attributes ............12
                3.3.2.1. Provide Activities ........................12
                3.3.2.2. Provide Class .............................12
                3.3.2.3. Provide DeviceID ..........................13
                3.3.2.4. Provide Mood ..............................13
                3.3.2.5. Provide Place-is ..........................13

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

                3.3.2.6. Provide Place-type ........................13
                3.3.2.7. Provide Privacy ...........................13
                3.3.2.8. Provide Relationship ......................14
                3.3.2.9. Provide Sphere ............................14
                3.3.2.10. Provide Status-Icon ......................14
                3.3.2.11. Provide Time-Offset ......................14
                3.3.2.12. Provide User-Input .......................14
                3.3.2.13. Provide Note .............................15
                3.3.2.14. Provide Unknown Attribute ................15
                3.3.2.15. Provide All Attributes ...................16
 4. When to Apply the Authorization Policies .......................17
 5. Implementation Requirements ....................................17
 6. Example Document ...............................................18
 7. XML Schema .....................................................19
 8. Schema Extensibility ...........................................21
 9. XCAP Usage .....................................................22
    9.1. Application Unique ID .....................................22
    9.2. XML Schema ................................................22
    9.3. Default Namespace .........................................22
    9.4. MIME Type .................................................22
    9.5. Validation Constraints ....................................22
    9.6. Data Semantics ............................................22
    9.7. Naming Conventions ........................................23
    9.8. Resource Interdependencies ................................23
    9.9. Authorization Policies ....................................23
 10. Security Considerations .......................................23
 11. IANA Considerations ...........................................24
    11.1. XCAP Application Usage ID ................................24
    11.2. URN Sub-Namespace Registration ...........................25
    11.3. XML Schema Registrations .................................25
 12. Acknowledgements ..............................................26
 13. References ....................................................26
    13.1. Normative References .....................................26
    13.2. Informative References ...................................27

1. Introduction

 The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Instant Messaging and
 Presence (SIMPLE) specifications allow a user, called a watcher, to
 subscribe to another user, called a presentity [17], in order to
 learn their presence information [18].  This subscription is handled
 by a presence agent.  However, presence information is sensitive, and
 a presence agent needs authorization from the presentity prior to
 handing out presence information.  As such, a presence authorization
 document format is needed.  This specification defines a format for
 such a document, called a presence authorization document.

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 2] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

 [8] specifies a framework for representing authorization policies,
 and is applicable to systems such as geo-location and presence.  This
 framework is used as the basis for presence authorization documents.
 In the framework, an authorization policy is a set of rules.  Each
 rule contains conditions, actions, and transformations.  The
 conditions specify under what conditions the rule is to be applied to
 presence server processing.  The actions element tells the server
 what actions to take.  The transformations element indicates how the
 presence data is to be manipulated before being presented to that
 watcher, and as such, defines a privacy filtering operation. [8]
 identifies a small number of specific conditions common to presence
 and location services, and leaves it to other specifications, such as
 this one, to fill in usage specific details.
 A presence authorization document can be manipulated by clients using
 several means.  One such mechanism is the XML Configuration Access
 Protocol (XCAP) [2].  This specification defines the details
 necessary for using XCAP to manage presence authorization documents.

2. Terminology

 In this document, the key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED",
 "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY",
 and "OPTIONAL" are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [1] and
 indicate requirement levels for compliant implementations.

3. Structure of Presence Authorization Documents

 A presence authorization document is an XML document, formatted
 according to the schema defined in [8].  Presence authorization
 documents inherit the MIME type of common policy documents,
 application/auth-policy+xml.  As described in [8], this document is
 composed of rules that contain three parts - conditions, actions, and
 transformations.  Each action or transformation, which is also called
 a permission, has the property of being a positive grant of
 information to the watcher.  As a result, there is a well-defined
 mechanism for combining actions and transformations obtained from
 several sources.  This mechanism is privacy safe, since the lack of
 any action or transformation can only result in less information
 being presented to a watcher.
 This section defines the new conditions, actions, and transformations
 defined by this specification.

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 3] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

3.1. Conditions

3.1.1. Identity

 Although the <identity> element is defined in [8], that specification
 indicates that the specific usages of the framework document need to
 define details that are protocol and usage specific.  In particular,
 it is necessary for a usage of the common policy framework to:
 o  Define acceptable means of authentication.
 o  Define the procedure for representing the identity of the WR
    (Watcher/Requestor) as a URI or Internationalized Resource
    Identifier (IRI) [13].
 This sub-section defines those details for systems based on [18].  It
 does so in general terms, so that the recommendations defined here
 apply to existing and future authentication mechanisms in SIP.

3.1.1.1. Acceptable Forms of Authentication

 When used with SIP, a request is considered authenticated if one of
 the following is true:
 The watcher proves its identity to the server through a form of
 cryptographic authentication, including authentication based on a
 shared secret or a certificate, and that authentication yields an
 identity for the watcher.
 The request comes from a sender that is asserting the identity of the
 watcher, and:
 1.  the assertion includes a claim that the asserting party used a
    form of cryptographic authentication (as defined above) to
    determine the identity of the watcher, and
 2.  the server trusts that assertion, and
 3.  the assertion provides an identity in the form of a URI.
 Based on this definition, examples of valid authentication techniques
 include SIP [5], digest authentication [4], cryptographically
 verified identity assertions (RFC 4474 [15]), and identity assertions
 made in closed network environments (RFC 3325 [16]).
 However, the anonymous authentication described on page 194 of RFC
 3261 [5] is not considered a valid mechanism for authentication

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 because it does not produce an identity for the watcher.  However, an
 anonymous From header field, when used in conjunction with RFC 4474
 [15], is considered an acceptable mechanism for authentication, since
 it still implies that the asserting node performed authentication
 that produced the identity of the watcher.

3.1.1.2. Computing a URI for the Watcher

 Computing the URI for the watcher depends on whether the identity is
 being ascertained through authentication or through an asserted
 identity.
 If an identity assertion is being utilized, the asserted identity
 itself (which is in the form of a URI for acceptable forms of
 identity assertion) is utilized as the URI.  If the identity
 assertion mechanism asserts multiple URIs for the watcher, then each
 of them is used for the comparisons outlined in [8], and if any of
 them match a <one> or <except> element, the watcher is considered a
 match.
 If an identity is being determined directly by a cryptographic
 authentication, that authentication must produce a URI, or must
 produce some form of identifier that can be linked, through
 provisioning, to a URI that is bound to that identifier.
 For example, in the case of SIP Digest authentication, the
 authentication process produces a username scoped within a realm.
 That username and realm are bound to an Address of Record (AOR)
 through provisioning, and the resulting AOR is used as the watcher
 URI.  Consider the following "user record" in a database:
 SIP AOR: sip:alice@example.com
 digest username: ali
 digest password: f779ajvvh8a6s6
 digest realm: example.com
 If the presence server receives a SUBSCRIBE request, challenges it
 with the realm set to "example.com", and the subsequent SUBSCRIBE
 contains an Authorization header field with a username of "ali" and a
 digest response generated with the password "f779ajvvh8a6s6", the
 identity used in matching operations is "sip:alice@example.com".
 In SIP systems, it is possible for a user to have aliases - that is,
 there are multiple SIP AORs "assigned" to a single user.  In terms of
 this specification, there is no relationship between those aliases.
 Each would look like a different user.  This will be the consequence
 for systems where the watcher is in a different domain than the
 presentity.  However, even if the watcher and presentity are in the

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 5] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

 same domain, and the presence server knows that there are aliases for
 the watcher, these aliases are not mapped to each other or used in
 any way.
 SIP also allows for anonymous requests.  If a request is anonymous
 because the watcher utilized an authentication mechanism that does
 not provide an identity to the presence server (such as the SIP
 digest "anonymous" username), the request is considered
 unauthenticated (as discussed above) and will match only an empty
 <identity> element.  If a request is anonymous because it contains a
 Privacy header field [14], but still contains an asserted identity
 meeting the criteria defined above, that identity is utilized, and
 the fact that the request was anonymous has no impact on the identity
 processing.
 It is important to note that SIP frequently uses both SIP URI and tel
 URI [12] as identifiers, and to make matters more confusing, a SIP
 URI can contain a phone number in its user part, in the same format
 used in a tel URI.  A WR identity that is a SIP URI with a phone
 number will NOT match the <one> and <except> conditions whose 'id' is
 a tel URI with the same number.  The same is true in the reverse.  If
 the WR identity is a tel URI, this will not match a SIP URI in the
 <one> or <except> conditions whose user part is a phone number.  URIs
 of different schemes are never equivalent.

3.1.2. Sphere

 The <sphere> element is defined in [8].  However, each application
 making use of the common policy specification needs to determine how
 the presence server computes the value of the <sphere> to be used in
 the evaluation of the condition.
 To compute the value of <sphere>, the presence agent examines all
 published presence documents for the presentity.  If at least one of
 them includes the <sphere> element [9] as part of the person data
 component [10], and all of those containing the element have the same
 value for it, which is the value used for the <sphere> in presence
 policy processing.  If, however, the <sphere> element was not present
 in any of the published documents, or it was present but had
 inconsistent values, its value is considered undefined in terms of
 presence policy processing.
 Care must be taken in using <sphere> as a condition for determining
 the subscription handling.  Since the value of <sphere> changes
 dynamically, a state change can cause a subscription to be suddenly
 terminated.  The watcher has no way to know, aside from polling, when
 their subscription would be reinstated as the value of <sphere>

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 6] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

 changes.  For this reason, <sphere> is primarily useful for matching
 on rules that define transformations.

3.2. Actions

3.2.1. Subscription Handling

 The <sub-handling> element specifies the subscription authorization
 decision that the server should make.  It also specifies whether or
 not the presence document for the watcher should be constructed using
 "polite blocking".  Usage of polite blocking and the subscription
 authorization decision are specified jointly since proper privacy
 handling requires a correlation between them.  As discussed in [8],
 since the combination algorithm runs independently for each
 permission, if correlations exist between permissions, they must be
 merged into a single variable.  That is what is done here.  The
 <sub-handling> element is an enumerated Integer type.  The defined
 values are:
 block:  This action tells the server to reject the subscription,
    placing it in the "terminated" state.  It has the value of zero,
    and it represents the default value.  No value of the <sub-
    handling> element can ever be lower than this.  Strictly speaking,
    it is not necessary for a rule to include an explicit block
    action, since the default in the absence of any action will be
    block.  However, it is included for completeness.
 confirm:  This action tells the server to place the subscription in
    the "pending" state, and await input from the presentity to
    determine how to proceed.  It has a value of ten.
 polite-block:  This action tells the server to place the subscription
    into the "active" state, and to produce a presence document that
    indicates that the presentity is unavailable.  A reasonable
    document would exclude device and person information elements, and
    include only a single service whose basic status is set to closed
    [3].  This action has a value of twenty.
 allow:  This action tells the server to place the subscription into
    the "active" state.  This action has a value of thirty.
    NOTE WELL: Placing a value of block for this element does not
    guarantee that a subscription is denied!  If any matching rule has
    any other value for this element, the subscription will receive
    treatment based on the maximum of those other values.  This is
    based on the combining rules defined in [8].

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 7] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

 Future specifications that wish to define new types of actions MUST
 define an entirely new action (separate from <sub-handling>), and
 define their own set of values for that action.  A document could
 contain both <sub-handling> and a subscription handling action
 defined by a future specification; in that case, since each action is
 always a positive grant of information, the resulting action is the
 least restrictive one across both elements.
 The exact behavior of a presence server upon a change in the sub-
 handling value can be described by utilizing the subscription
 processing state machine in Figure 1 of RFC 3857 [6].
 If the <sub-handling> permission changes value to "block", this
 causes a "rejected" event to be generated into the subscription state
 machine for all affected subscriptions.  This will cause the state
 machine to move into the "terminated" state, resulting in the
 transmission of a NOTIFY to the watcher with a Subscription-State
 header field with value "terminated" and a reason of "rejected" [7],
 which terminates their subscription.  If a new subscription arrives
 later on, and the value of <sub-handling> that applies to that
 subscription is "block", the subscription processing follows the
 "subscribe, policy=reject" branch from the "init" state, and a 403
 response to the SUBSCRIBE is generated.
 If the <sub-handling> permission changes value to "confirm", the
 processing depends on the states of the affected subscriptions.
 Unfortunately, the state machine in RFC 3857 does not define an event
 corresponding to an authorization decision of "pending".  If the
 subscription is in the "active" state, it moves back into the
 "pending" state.  This causes a NOTIFY to be sent, updating the
 Subscription-State [7] to "pending".  No reason is included in the
 Subscription-State header field (none are defined to handle this
 case).  No further documents are sent to this watcher.  There is no
 change in state if the subscription is in the "pending", "waiting",
 or "terminated" states.  If a new subscription arrives later on, and
 the value of <sub-handling> that applies to that subscription is
 "confirm", the subscription processing follows the "subscribe, no
 policy" branch from the "init" state, and a 202 response to the
 SUBSCRIBE is generated, followed by a NOTIFY with Subscription-State
 of "pending".  No presence document is included in that NOTIFY.
 If the <sub-handling> permission changes value from "blocked" or
 "confirm" to "polite-block" or "allow", this causes an "approved"
 event to be generated into the state machine for all affected
 subscriptions.  If the subscription was in the "pending" state, the
 state machine will move to the "active" state, resulting in the
 transmission of a NOTIFY with a Subscription-State header field of
 "active", and the inclusion of a presence document in that NOTIFY.

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 8] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

 If the subscription was in the "waiting" state, it will move into the
 "terminated" state.  If a new subscription arrives later on, and the
 value of <sub-handling> that applies to that subscription is
 "polite-block" or "allow", the subscription processing follows the
 "subscribe, policy=accept" branch from the "init" state, and a 200 OK
 response to the SUBSCRIBE is generated, followed by a NOTIFY with
 Subscription-State of "active" with a presence document in the body
 of the NOTIFY.

3.3. Transformations

 The transformations defined here are used to drive the behavior of
 the privacy filtering operation.  Each transformation defines the
 visibility a watcher is granted to a particular component of the
 presence document.  One group of transformations grants visibility to
 person, device, and service data elements based on identifying
 information for those elements.  Another group of transformations
 provides access to particular data elements in the presence document.

3.3.1. Providing Access to Data Component Elements

 The transformations in this section provide access to person, device,
 and service data component elements.  Once access has been granted to
 such an element, access to specific presence attributes for that
 element is controlled by the permissions defined in Section 3.3.2.

3.3.1.1. Device Information

 The <provide-devices> permission allows a watcher to see <device>
 information present in the presence document.  It is a set variable.
 Each member of the set provides a way to identify a device or group
 of devices.  This specification defines three types of elements in
 the set - <class>, which identifies a device occurrence by class;
 <deviceID>, which identifies a device occurrence by device ID; and
 <occurrence-id>, which identifies a device occurrence by occurrence
 ID.  The device ID and occurrence ID are defined in [10].  Each
 member of the set is identified by its type (class, deviceID, or
 occurrence-id) and value (value of the class, value of the deviceID,
 or value of the occurrence-id).
 For example, consider the following <provide-devices> element:
 <provide-devices>
   <deviceID>urn:uuid:f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6</deviceID>
   <class>biz</class>
 </provide-devices>

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 9] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

 This set has two members.  This is combined with a <provide-devices>
 element from a different rule:
 <provide-devices>
   <class>home</class>
   <class>biz</class>
 </provide-devices>
 The result of the set combination (using the union operation) is a
 set with three elements:
 <provide-devices>
   <class>home</class>
   <class>biz</class>
   <deviceID>urn:uuid:f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6</deviceID>
 </provide-devices>
 The <provide-devices> element can also take on the special value
 <all-devices>, which is a short-hand notation for all device
 occurrences present in the presence document.
 Permission is granted to see a particular device occurrence if one of
 the device identifiers in the set identifies that device occurrence.
 If a <class> permission is granted to the watcher, and the <class> of
 the device occurrence matches the value of the <class> permission
 based on case-sensitive equality, the device occurrence is included
 in the presence document.  If a <deviceID> permission is granted to
 the watcher, and the <deviceID> of the device occurrence matches the
 value of the <deviceID> permission based on URI equivalence, the
 device occurrence is included in the presence document.  If an
 <occurrence-id> permission is granted to the watcher, and the
 <occurrence-id>  of the device occurrence matches the value of the
 <occurrence-id> permission based on case-sensitive equality, the
 device occurrence is included in the presence document.  In addition,
 a device occurrence is included in the presence document if the
 <all-devices> permission was granted to the watcher.

3.3.1.2. Person Information

 The <provide-persons> permission allows a watcher to see the <person>
 information present in the presence document.  It is a set variable.
 Each member of the set provides a way to identify a person
 occurrence.  This specification defines two types of elements in the
 set - <class>, which identifies a person occurrence by class, and
 <occurrence-id>, which identifies an occurrence by its occurrence ID.
 Each member of the set is identified by its type (class or
 occurrence-id) and value (value of the class or value of the
 occurrence-id).  The <provide-persons> element can also take on the

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 10] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

 special value <all-persons>, which is a short-hand notation for all
 person occurrences present in the presence document.  The set
 combination is done identically to the <provide-devices> element.
 Permission is granted to see a particular person occurrence if one of
 the person identifiers in the set identifies that person occurrence.
 If a <class> permission is granted to the watcher, and the <class> of
 the person occurrence matches the value of the <class> permission
 based on case-sensitive equality, the person occurrence is included
 in the presence document.  If an <occurrence-id> permission is
 granted to the watcher, and the <occurrence-id> of the person
 occurrence matches the value of the <occurrence-id> permission based
 on case-sensitive equality, the person occurrence is included in the
 presence document.  In addition, a person occurrence is included in
 the presence document if the <all-persons> permission was granted to
 the watcher.

3.3.1.3. Service Information

 The <provide-services> permission allows a watcher to see service
 information present in <tuple> elements in the presence document.
 Like <provide-devices>, it is a set variable.  Each member of the set
 provides a way to identify a service occurrence.  This specification
 defines four types of elements in the set - <class>, which identifies
 a service occurrence by class; <occurrence-id>, which identifies a
 service by its occurrence ID; <service-uri>, which identifies a
 service by its service URI; and <service-uri-scheme>, which
 identifies a service by its service URI scheme.  Each member of the
 set is identified by its type (class, occurrence-id, service-uri, or
 service-uri-scheme) and value (value of the class, value of the
 occurrence-id, value of the service-uri, or value of the service-
 uri-scheme).  The <provide-services> element can also take on the
 special value <all-services>, which is a short-hand notation for all
 service occurrences present in the presence document.  The set
 combination is done identically to the <provide-persons> element.
 Permission is granted to see a particular service occurrence if one
 of the service identifiers in the set identifies that service
 occurrence.  If a <class> permission is granted to the watcher, and
 the <class> of the service occurrence matches the value of the
 <class> permission based on case-sensitive equality, the service
 occurrence is included in the presence document.  If a <service-uri>
 permission is granted to the watcher, and the <service-uri> of the
 service occurrence matches the value of the <service-uri> permission
 based on URI equivalence, the service occurrence is included in the
 presence document.  If an <occurrence-id> permission is granted to
 the watcher, and the <occurrence-id> of the service occurrence
 matches the value of the <occurrence-id> permission based on case-

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 11] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

 sensitive equality, the service occurrence is included in the
 presence document.  If a <service-uri-scheme> permission is granted
 to the watcher, and the scheme of the service URI for the service
 occurrence matches the value of <service-uri-scheme> based on case-
 sensitive equality, the service occurrence is included in the
 presence document.  In addition, a service occurrence is included in
 the presence document if the <all-services> permission was granted to
 the watcher.

3.3.2. Providing Access to Presence Attributes

 The permissions of Section 3.3.1 provide coarse-grained access to
 presence data by allowing or blocking specific services or devices,
 and allowing or blocking person information.
 Once person, device, or service information is included in the
 document, the permissions in this section define which presence
 attributes are reported there.  Certain information is always
 reported.  In particular, the <contact>, <service-class> [9], <basic>
 status, and <timestamp> elements in all <tuple> elements, if present,
 are provided to watchers.  The <timestamp> element in all <person>
 elements, if present, is provided to watchers.  The <timestamp> and
 <deviceID> elements in all <device> elements, if present, are
 provided to all watchers.

3.3.2.1. Provide Activities

 This permission controls access to the <activities> element defined
 in [9].  The name of the element providing this permission is
 <provide-activities>, and it is a Boolean type.  If its value is
 TRUE, then the <activities> element in the person data element is
 reported to the watcher.  If FALSE, this presence attribute is
 removed if present.

3.3.2.2. Provide Class

 This permission controls access to the <class> element defined in
 [9].  The name of the element providing this permission is <provide-
 class>, and it is a Boolean type.  If its value is TRUE, then any
 <class> element in a person, service, or device data element is
 reported to the watcher.  If FALSE, this presence attribute is
 removed if present.

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 12] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

3.3.2.3. Provide DeviceID

 This permission controls access to the <deviceID> element in a
 <tuple> element, as defined in [9].  The name of the element
 providing this permission is <provide-deviceID>, and it is a Boolean
 type.  If its value is TRUE, then the <deviceID> element in the
 service data element is reported to the watcher.  If FALSE, this
 presence attribute is removed if present.  Note that the <deviceID>
 in a device data element is always included, and not controlled by
 this permission.

3.3.2.4. Provide Mood

 This permission controls access to the <mood> element defined in [9].
 The name of the element providing this permission is <provide-mood>,
 and it is a Boolean type.  If its value is TRUE, then the <mood>
 element in the person data element is reported to the watcher.  If
 FALSE, this presence attribute is removed if present.

3.3.2.5. Provide Place-is

 This permission controls access to the <place-is> element defined in
 [9].  The name of the element providing this permission is <provide-
 place-is>, and it is a Boolean type.  If its value is TRUE, then the
 <place-is> element in the person data element is reported to the
 watcher.  If FALSE, this presence attribute is removed if present.

3.3.2.6. Provide Place-type

 This permission controls access to the <place-type> element defined
 in [9].  The name of the element providing this permission is
 <provide-place-type>, and it is a Boolean type.  If its value is
 TRUE, then the <place-type> element in the person data element is
 reported to the watcher.  If FALSE, this presence attribute is
 removed if present.

3.3.2.7. Provide Privacy

 This permission controls access to the <privacy> element defined in
 [9].  The name of the element providing this permission is <provide-
 privacy>, and it is a Boolean type.  If its value is TRUE, then the
 <privacy> element in the person or service data element is reported
 to the watcher.  If FALSE, this presence attribute is removed if
 present.

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 13] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

3.3.2.8. Provide Relationship

 This permission controls access to the <relationship> element defined
 in [9].  The name of the element providing this permission is
 <provide-relationship>, and it is a Boolean type.  If its value is
 TRUE, then the <relationship> element in the service data element is
 reported to the watcher.  If FALSE, this presence attribute is
 removed if present.

3.3.2.9. Provide Sphere

 This permission controls access to the <sphere> element defined in
 [9].  The name of the element providing this permission is <provide-
 sphere>, and it is a Boolean type.  If its value is TRUE, then the
 <sphere> element in the person data element is reported to the
 watcher.  If FALSE, this presence attribute is removed if present.

3.3.2.10. Provide Status-Icon

 This permission controls access to the <status-icon> element defined
 in [9].  The name of the element providing this permission is
 <provide-status-icon>, and it is a Boolean type.  If its value is
 TRUE, then any <status-icon> element in the person or service data
 element is reported to the watcher.  If FALSE, this presence
 attribute is removed if present.

3.3.2.11. Provide Time-Offset

 This permission controls access to the <time-offset> element defined
 in [9].  The name of the element providing this permission is
 <provide-time-offset>, and it is a Boolean type.  If its value is
 TRUE, then the <time-offset> element in the person data element is
 reported to the watcher.  If FALSE, this presence attribute is
 removed if present.

3.3.2.12. Provide User-Input

 This permission controls access to the <user-input> element defined
 in [9].  The name of the element providing this permission is
 <provide-user-input>, and it is an enumerated integer type.  Its
 value defines what information is provided to watchers in person,
 device, or service data elements:
 false:  This value indicates that the <user-input> element is removed
    from the document.  It is assigned the numeric value of 0.

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 14] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

 bare:  This value indicates that the <user-input> element is to be
    retained.  However, any "idle-threshold" and "since" attributes
    are to be removed.  This value is assigned the numeric value of
    10.
 thresholds:  This value indicates that the <user-input> element is to
    be retained.  However, only the "idle-threshold" attribute is to
    be retained.  This value is assigned the numeric value of 20.
 full:  This value indicates that the <user-input> element is to be
    retained, including any attributes.  This value is assigned the
    numeric value of 30.

3.3.2.13. Provide Note

 This permission controls access to the <note> element defined in [3]
 for <tuple> and [10] for <person> and <device>.  The name of the
 element providing this permission is <provide-note>, and it is a
 Boolean type.  If its value is TRUE, then any <note> elements in the
 person, service, or device data elements are reported to the watcher.
 If FALSE, this presence attribute is removed if present.
 This permission has no bearing on any <note> values present within
 <activities>, <mood>, <place-is>, <place-type>, <privacy>,
 <relationship>, or <service-class> elements.  Notes within these
 elements are essentially values for their respective elements, and
 are present if the respective element is permitted in the presence
 document.  For example, if an <activities> element is present in a
 presence document, and there is a <note> value for it, that note is
 present in the document sent to the watcher if the <provide-
 activities> permission is given, regardless of whether the <provide-
 note> permission is given.

3.3.2.14. Provide Unknown Attribute

 It is important that systems be allowed to include proprietary or new
 presence information and that users be able to set permissions for
 that information, without requiring an upgrade of the presence server
 and authorization system.  For this reason, the <provide-unknown-
 attribute> permission is defined.  This permission indicates that the
 unknown presence attribute with the given name and namespace
 (supplied as mandatory attributes of the <provide-unknown-attribute>
 element) should be included in the document.  Its type is Boolean.
 The value of the name attribute MUST be an unqualified element name
 (meaning that a namespace prefix MUST NOT be included), and the value
 of the ns attribute MUST be a namespace URI.  The two are combined to
 form a qualified element name, which will be matched to all unknown

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 15] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

 child elements of the Presence Information Data Format (PIDF)
 <tuple>, <device>, or <person> elements with the same qualified name.
 In this context, "unknown" means that the presence server is not
 aware of any schemas that define authorization policies for that
 element.  By definition, this will exclude the <provide-unknown-
 attribute> rule from being applied to any of the presence status
 extensions defined by RPID, since authorization policies for those
 are defined here.
 Another consequence of this definition is that the interpretation of
 the <provide-unknown-attribute> element can change should the
 presence server be upgraded.  For example, consider a server that,
 prior to the upgrade, had an authorization document that used
 <provide-unknown-attribute> with a value of TRUE for some attribute,
 say foo.  This attribute was from a namespace and schema unknown to
 the server, and so the attribute was provided to watchers.  However,
 after upgrade, the server is now aware of a new namespace and schema
 for a permission that grants access to the foo attribute.  Now, the
 <provide-unknown-attribute> permission for the foo attribute will be
 ignored, resulting in a removal of those elements from presence
 documents sent to watchers.  The system remains privacy safe, but
 behavior might not be as expected.  Developers of systems that allow
 clients to set policies are advised to check the capabilities of the
 server (using the mechanism described in Section 8) before uploading
 a new authorization document, to make sure that the behavior will be
 as expected.

3.3.2.15. Provide All Attributes

 This permission grants access to all presence attributes in all of
 the person, device, and tuple elements that are present in the
 document (the ones present in the document are determined by the
 <provide-persons>, <provide-devices>, and <provide-services>
 permissions).  It is effectively a macro that expands into a set of
 provide-activities, provide-class, provide-deviceID, provide-mood,
 provide-place-is, provide-place-type, provide-privacy, provide-
 relationship, provide-sphere, provide-status-icon, provide-time-
 offset, provide-user-input, provide-note, and provide-unknown-
 attribute permissions such that each presence attribute in the
 document has a permission for it.  This implies that, so long as an
 entire person, service, or device occurrence is provided, every
 single presence attribute, including ones not known to the server
 and/or defined in future presence document extensions, is granted to
 the watcher.

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 16] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

4. When to Apply the Authorization Policies

 This specification does not mandate at what point in the processing
 of presence data the privacy filtering aspects of the authorization
 policy are applied.  However, they must be applied such that the
 final presence document sent to the watcher is compliant to the
 privacy policy described in the authorization documents that apply to
 the user (there can be more than one; the rules for combining them
 are described in [8]).  More concretely, if the presence document
 sent to a watcher is D, and the privacy filtering operation applied
 do a presence document x is F(x), then D MUST have the property that
 D = F(D).  In other words, further applications of the privacy
 filtering operation would not result in any further changes of the
 presence document, making further application of the filtering
 operation a no-op.  A corollary of this is that F(F(D)) = D for all
 D.
 The subscription processing aspects of the document get applied by
 the server when it decides to accept or reject the subscription.

5. Implementation Requirements

 The rules defined by the document in this specification form a
 "contract" of sorts between a client that creates this document and
 the server that executes the policies it contains.  Consequently,
 presence servers implementing this specification MUST support all of
 the conditions, actions, and transformations defined in this
 specification.  If servers were to implement a subset of these,
 clients would need a mechanism to discover which subset is supported.
 No such mechanism is defined.
 It is RECOMMENDED that clients support all of the actions,
 transformations, and conditions defined in this specification.  If a
 client supports a subset, it is possible that a user might manipulate
 their authorization rules from a different client, supporting a
 different subset, and store those results on the server.  When the
 user goes back to the first client and views their presence
 authorization rules there, the client may not be able to properly
 render or manipulate the document retrieved from the server, since it
 may contain conditions, actions, or transformations not supported by
 the client.  The only reason that this normative requirement is not a
 MUST is that there are valid conditions in which a user manipulates
 their presence authorization rules from a single client, in which
 case this problem does not occur.
 This specification makes no normative recommendations on the
 mechanism used to transport presence authorization documents from

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 17] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

 clients to their servers.  Although Section 9 defines how to utilize
 XCAP, XCAP is not normatively required by this specification.

6. Example Document

 The following presence authorization document specifies permissions
 for the user "user@example.com".  The watcher is allowed to access
 presence information (the 'allow' value for <sub-handling>).  They
 will be granted access to the presence data of all services whose
 contact URI schemes are sip and mailto.  Person information is also
 provided.  However, since there is no <provide-devices>, no device
 information will be given to the watcher.  Within the service and
 person information provided to the watcher, the <activities> element
 will be shown, as will the <user-input> element.  However, any
 "idle-threshold" and "since" attributes in the <user-input> element
 will be removed.  Finally, the presence attribute <foo> will be shown
 to the watcher.  Any other presence attributes will be removed.
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <cr:ruleset xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pres-rules"
  xmlns:pr="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pres-rules"
  xmlns:cr="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:common-policy">
  <cr:rule id="a">
   <cr:conditions>
    <cr:identity>
     <cr:one id="sip:user@example.com"/>
    </cr:identity>
   </cr:conditions>
   <cr:actions>
    <pr:sub-handling>allow</pr:sub-handling>
   </cr:actions>
   <cr:transformations>
    <pr:provide-services>
      <pr:service-uri-scheme>sip</pr:service-uri-scheme>
      <pr:service-uri-scheme>mailto</pr:service-uri-scheme>
    </pr:provide-services>
    <pr:provide-persons>
      <pr:all-persons/>
    </pr:provide-persons>
    <pr:provide-activities>true</pr:provide-activities>
    <pr:provide-user-input>bare</pr:provide-user-input>
     <pr:provide-unknown-attribute
      ns="urn:vendor-specific:foo-namespace"
      name="foo">true</pr:provide-unknown-attribute>
   </cr:transformations>
  </cr:rule>
 </cr:ruleset>

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 18] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

7. XML Schema

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <xs:schema targetNamespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pres-rules"
  xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
  xmlns:cr="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:common-policy"
  xmlns:pr="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pres-rules"
  elementFormDefault="qualified" attributeFormDefault="unqualified">
  <xs:import namespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:common-policy"/>
  <xs:simpleType name="booleanPermission">
   <xs:restriction base="xs:boolean"/>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:element name="service-uri-scheme" type="xs:token"/>
  <xs:element name="class" type="xs:token"/>
  <xs:element name="occurrence-id" type="xs:token"/>
  <xs:element name="service-uri" type="xs:anyURI"/>
  <xs:complexType name="provideServicePermission">
   <xs:choice>
    <xs:element name="all-services">
     <xs:complexType/>
    </xs:element>
    <xs:sequence minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <xs:choice>
      <xs:element ref="pr:service-uri"/>
      <xs:element ref="pr:service-uri-scheme"/>
      <xs:element ref="pr:occurrence-id"/>
      <xs:element ref="pr:class"/>
      <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
     </xs:choice>
    </xs:sequence>
   </xs:choice>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="provide-services"
   type="pr:provideServicePermission"/>
  <xs:element name="deviceID" type="xs:anyURI"/>
  <xs:complexType name="provideDevicePermission">
   <xs:choice>
    <xs:element name="all-devices">
     <xs:complexType/>
    </xs:element>
    <xs:sequence minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <xs:choice>
      <xs:element ref="pr:deviceID"/>
      <xs:element ref="pr:occurrence-id"/>
      <xs:element ref="pr:class"/>
      <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
     </xs:choice>
    </xs:sequence>

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 19] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

   </xs:choice>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="provide-devices"
   type="pr:provideDevicePermission"/>
  <xs:complexType name="providePersonPermission">
   <xs:choice>
    <xs:element name="all-persons">
     <xs:complexType/>
    </xs:element>
    <xs:sequence minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
     <xs:choice>
      <xs:element ref="pr:occurrence-id"/>
      <xs:element ref="pr:class"/>
      <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
     </xs:choice>
    </xs:sequence>
   </xs:choice>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="provide-persons"
   type="pr:providePersonPermission"/>
  <xs:element name="provide-activities"
   type="pr:booleanPermission"/>
  <xs:element name="provide-class"
   type="pr:booleanPermission"/>
  <xs:element name="provide-deviceID"
   type="pr:booleanPermission"/>
  <xs:element name="provide-mood"
   type="pr:booleanPermission"/>
  <xs:element name="provide-place-is"
   type="pr:booleanPermission"/>
  <xs:element name="provide-place-type"
   type="pr:booleanPermission"/>
  <xs:element name="provide-privacy"
   type="pr:booleanPermission"/>
  <xs:element name="provide-relationship"
   type="pr:booleanPermission"/>
  <xs:element name="provide-status-icon"
   type="pr:booleanPermission"/>
  <xs:element name="provide-sphere"
   type="pr:booleanPermission"/>
  <xs:element name="provide-time-offset"
   type="pr:booleanPermission"/>
  <xs:element name="provide-user-input">
   <xs:simpleType>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
     <xs:enumeration value="false"/>
     <xs:enumeration value="bare"/>
     <xs:enumeration value="thresholds"/>

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 20] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

     <xs:enumeration value="full"/>
    </xs:restriction>
   </xs:simpleType>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:element name="provide-note" type="pr:booleanPermission"/>
  <xs:element name="sub-handling">
   <xs:simpleType>
    <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
     <xs:enumeration value="block"/>
     <xs:enumeration value="confirm"/>
     <xs:enumeration value="polite-block"/>
     <xs:enumeration value="allow"/>
    </xs:restriction>
   </xs:simpleType>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:complexType name="unknownBooleanPermission">
   <xs:simpleContent>
    <xs:extension base="pr:booleanPermission">
     <xs:attribute name="name" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
     <xs:attribute name="ns" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
    </xs:extension>
   </xs:simpleContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="provide-unknown-attribute"
   type="pr:unknownBooleanPermission"/>
  <xs:element name="provide-all-attributes">
   <xs:complexType/>
  </xs:element>
 </xs:schema>

8. Schema Extensibility

 It is anticipated that future changes to this specification are
 accomplished through extensions that define new types of permissions.
 These extensions MUST exist within a different namespace.
 Furthermore, the schema defined above and the namespace for elements
 defined within it MUST NOT be altered by future specifications.
 Changes in the basic schema, or in the interpretation of elements
 within that schema, may result in violations of user privacy due to
 misinterpretation of documents.
 When extensions are made to the set of permissions, it becomes
 necessary for the agent constructing the permission document
 (typically a SIP user agent, though not necessarily) to know which
 permissions are supported by the server.  This allows the agent to
 know how to build a document that results in the desired behavior,
 since unknown permissions would be ignored by the server.  To handle
 this, when presence authorization documents are transported using

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 21] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

 XCAP, the XCAP capabilities document stored at the server SHOULD
 contain the namespaces for the permissions supported by the presence
 server.  This way, an agent can query for this list prior to
 constructing a document.

9. XCAP Usage

 The following section defines the details necessary for clients to
 manipulate presence authorization documents from a server using XCAP.

9.1. Application Unique ID

 XCAP requires application usages to define a unique application usage
 ID (AUID) in either the IETF tree or a vendor tree.  This
 specification defines the "pres-rules" AUID within the IETF tree, via
 the IANA registration in Section 11.

9.2. XML Schema

 XCAP requires application usages to define a schema for their
 documents.  The schema for presence authorization documents is in
 Section 7.

9.3. Default Namespace

 XCAP requires application usages to define the default namespace for
 their URIs.  The default namespace is urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pres-
 rules.

9.4. MIME Type

 XCAP requires application usages to define the MIME type for
 documents they carry.  Presence authorization documents inherit the
 MIME type of common policy documents, application/auth-policy+xml.

9.5. Validation Constraints

 There are no additional constraints defined by this specification.

9.6. Data Semantics

 Semantics of a presence authorization document are discussed in
 Section 3.

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 22] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

9.7. Naming Conventions

 When a presence agent receives a subscription for some user foo
 within a domain, it will look for all documents within http://[xcap
 root]/pres-rules/users/foo, and use all documents found beneath that
 point to guide authorization policy.  If only a single document is
 used, it SHOULD be called "index".

9.8. Resource Interdependencies

 There are no additional resource interdependencies defined by this
 application usage.

9.9. Authorization Policies

 This application usage does not modify the default XCAP authorization
 policy, which is that only a user can read, write, or modify their
 own documents.  A server can allow privileged users to modify
 documents that they don't own, but the establishment and indication
 of such policies are outside the scope of this document.

10. Security Considerations

 Presence authorization policies contain very sensitive information.
 They indicate which other users are "liked" or "disliked" by a user.
 As such, when these documents are transported over a network, they
 SHOULD be encrypted.
 Modification of these documents by an attacker can disrupt the
 service seen by a user, often in subtle ways.  As a result, when
 these documents are transported, the transport SHOULD provide
 authenticity and message integrity.
 In the case where XCAP is used to transfer the document, both clients
 and servers MUST implement HTTP over Transport Layer Security (TLS)
 and HTTP Digest authentication.  Sites SHOULD authenticate clients
 using digest authentication over TLS, and sites SHOULD define the
 root services URI as an https URI.
 Authorization documents themselves exist for the purposes of
 providing a security function - privacy.  The SIP presence
 specifications [18] require the usage of an authorization function
 prior to the granting of presence information, and this specification
 meets that need.  Presence authorization documents inherit the
 privacy properties of the common policy format on which they are
 based.  This format has been designed to be privacy-safe, which means
 that failure of the presence server to obtain or understand an
 authorization document can never reveal more information than is

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 23] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

 desired about the user, only less.  This is a consequence of the fact
 that all permissions are positive grants of information, and not
 negative grants.
 A consequence of this design is that the results of combining several
 authorization documents can be non-obvious to end users.  For
 example, if one authorization document grants permission for all
 users from the example.com domain to see their presence, and another
 document blocks joe@example.com, the combination of these will still
 provide presence to joe@example.com.  Designers of user interfaces
 are encouraged to carefully pay attention to the results of combining
 multiple rules.
 Another concern is cases where a user sets their privacy preferences
 from one client, uploads their presence authorization document to a
 server, and then modifies them from a different client.  If the
 clients support different subsets of the document format, users may
 be confused about what information is being revealed.  Clients
 retrieving presence authorization documents from a server SHOULD
 render, to the users, information about rules that they do not
 understand, so that users can be certain what rules are in place.

11. IANA Considerations

 There are several IANA considerations associated with this
 specification.

11.1. XCAP Application Usage ID

 This section registers an XCAP Application Usage ID (AUID) according
 to the IANA procedures defined in [2].
    Name of the AUID: pres-rules
    Description: Presence rules are documents that describe the
    permissions that a presentity [17] has granted to users that seek
    to watch their presence.

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 24] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

11.2. URN Sub-Namespace Registration

 This section registers a new XML namespace, per the guidelines in
 [11]
    URI: The URI for this namespace is
    urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pres-rules.
    Registrant Contact: IETF, SIMPLE working group (simple@ietf.org),
    Jonathan Rosenberg (jdrosen@jdrosen.net).
    XML:
    BEGIN
    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.0//EN"
     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic10.dtd">
    <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    <head>
      <meta http-equiv="content-type"
         content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1"/>
      <title>Presence Rules Namespace</title>
    </head>
    <body>
      <h1>Namespace for Permission Statements</h1>
      <h2>urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pres-rules</h2>
    <p>See <a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5025.txt">
    RFC5025</a>.</p>
    </body>
    </html>
    END

11.3. XML Schema Registrations

 This section registers an XML schema per the procedures in [11].
    URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:pres-rules.
    Registrant Contact: IETF, SIMPLE working group (simple@ietf.org),
    Jonathan Rosenberg (jdrosen@jdrosen.net).
    The XML for this schema can be found as the sole content of
    Section 7.

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 25] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

12. Acknowledgements

 The author would like to thank Richard Barnes, Jari Urpalainen, Jon
 Peterson, and Martin Hynar for their comments.

13. References

13.1. Normative References

 [1]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
      Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
 [2]  Rosenberg, J., "The Extensible Markup Language (XML)
      Configuration Access Protocol (XCAP)", RFC 4825, May 2007.
 [3]  Sugano, H., Fujimoto, S., Klyne, G., Bateman, A., Carr, W., and
      J. Peterson, "Presence Information Data Format (PIDF)", RFC
      3863, August 2004.
 [4]  Franks, J., Hallam-Baker, P., Hostetler, J., Lawrence, S.,
      Leach, P., Luotonen, A., and L. Stewart, "HTTP Authentication:
      Basic and Digest Access Authentication", RFC 2617, June 1999.
 [5]  Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston, A.,
      Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E. Schooler, "SIP:
      Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261, June 2002.
 [6]  Rosenberg, J., "A Watcher Information Event Template-Package for
      the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 3857, August 2004.
 [7]  Roach, A., "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-Specific Event
      Notification", RFC 3265, June 2002.
 [8]  Schulzrinne, H., Tschofenig, H., Morris, J., Cuellar, J., Polk,
      J., and J. Rosenberg, "Common Policy: A Document Format for
      Expressing Privacy Preferences", RFC 4745, February 2007.
 [9]  Schulzrinne, H., Gurbani, V., Kyzivat, P., and J. Rosenberg,
      "RPID: Rich Presence Extensions to the Presence Information Data
      Format (PIDF)", RFC 4480, July 2006.
 [10] Rosenberg, J., "A Data Model for Presence", RFC 4479, July 2006.
 [11] Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688, January
      2004.
 [12] Schulzrinne, H., "The tel URI for Telephone Numbers", RFC 3966,
      December 2004.

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 26] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

 [13] Duerst, M. and M. Suignard, "Internationalized Resource
      Identifiers (IRIs)", RFC 3987, January 2005.
 [14] Peterson, J., "A Privacy Mechanism for the Session Initiation
      Protocol (SIP)", RFC 3323, November 2002.

13.2. Informative References

 [15] Peterson, J. and C. Jennings, "Enhancements for Authenticated
      Identity Management in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)",
      RFC 4474, August 2006.
 [16] Jennings, C., Peterson, J., and M. Watson, "Private Extensions
      to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Asserted Identity
      within Trusted Networks", RFC 3325, November 2002.
 [17] Day, M., Rosenberg, J., and H. Sugano, "A Model for Presence and
      Instant Messaging", RFC 2778, February 2000.
 [18] Rosenberg, J., "A Presence Event Package for the Session
      Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 3856, August 2004.

Author's Address

 Jonathan Rosenberg
 Cisco
 Edison, NJ
 US
 EMail: jdrosen@cisco.com
 URI:   http://www.jdrosen.net

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 27] RFC 5025 Presence Authorization December 2007

Full Copyright Statement

 Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).
 This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
 contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
 retain all their rights.
 This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
 "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
 OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND
 THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS
 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF
 THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Intellectual Property

 The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
 Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to
 pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
 this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
 might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has
 made any independent effort to identify any such rights.  Information
 on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be
 found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.
 Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
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 attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of
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 specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at
 http://www.ietf.org/ipr.
 The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
 copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
 rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement
 this standard.  Please address the information to the IETF at
 ietf-ipr@ietf.org.

Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 28]

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