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rfc:rfc4827

Network Working Group M. Isomaki Request for Comments: 4827 E. Leppanen Category: Standards Track Nokia

                                                              May 2007

An Extensible Markup Language (XML) Configuration Access Protocol (XCAP)

         Usage for Manipulating Presence Document Contents

Status of This Memo

 This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
 Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
 improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
 Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
 and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

 Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).

Abstract

 This document describes a usage of the Extensible Markup Language
 (XML) Configuration Access Protocol (XCAP) for manipulating the
 contents of Presence Information Data Format (PIDF) based presence
 documents.  It is intended to be used in Session Initiation Protocol
 (SIP) based presence systems, where the Event State Compositor can
 use the XCAP-manipulated presence document as one of the inputs on
 which it builds the overall presence state for the presentity.

Isomaki & Leppanen Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 4827 XCAP for Manipulating Presence Document May 2007

Table of Contents

 1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
 2.  Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
 3.  Relationship with Presence State Published Using SIP
     PUBLISH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
 4.  Application Usage ID  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
 5.  MIME Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
 6.  Structure of Manipulated Presence Information . . . . . . . . . 6
 7.  Additional Constraints  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
 8.  Resource Interdependencies  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
 9.  Naming Conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
 10. Authorization Policies  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
 11. Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
 12. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
 13. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
   13.1.  XCAP Application Usage ID  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
 14. Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
 15. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
   15.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
   15.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Isomaki & Leppanen Standards Track [Page 2] RFC 4827 XCAP for Manipulating Presence Document May 2007

1. Introduction

 The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Instant Messaging and
 Presence (SIMPLE) specifications allow a user, called a watcher, to
 subscribe to another user, called a presentity, in order to learn its
 presence information [7].  The presence data model has been specified
 in [10].  The data model makes a clean separation between person-,
 service-, and device-related information.
 A SIP-based mechanism, SIP PUBLISH method, has been defined for
 publishing presence state [4].  Using SIP PUBLISH, a Presence User
 Agent (PUA) can publish its view of the presence state, independently
 of and without the need to learn about the states set by other PUAs.
 However, SIP PUBLISH has a limited scope and does not address all the
 requirements for setting presence state.  The main issue is that SIP
 PUBLISH creates a soft state that expires after the negotiated
 lifetime unless it is refreshed.  This makes it unsuitable for cases
 where the state should prevail without active devices capable of
 refreshing the state.
 There are three main use cases where setting of permanent presence
 state that is independent of activeness of any particular device is
 useful.  The first case concerns setting person-related state.  The
 presentity would often like to set its presence state even for
 periods when it has no active devices capable of publishing
 available.  Good examples are traveling, vacations, and so on.  The
 second case is about setting state for services that are open for
 communication, even if the presentity does not have a device running
 that service online.  Examples of these kinds of services include
 e-mail, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), and Short Message Service
 (SMS).  In these services, the presentity is provisioned with a
 server that makes the service persistently available, at least in
 certain forms, and it would be good to be able to advertise this to
 the watchers.  Since it is not realistic to assume that all e-mail,
 MMS, or SMS servers can publish presence state on their own (and even
 if this were possible, such state would almost never change), this
 has to be done by some other device.  And since the availability of
 the service is not dependent on that device, it would be impractical
 to require that device to be constantly active just to publish such
 availability.  The third case concerns setting the default state of
 any person, service, or device in the absence of any device capable
 of actively publishing such state.  For instance, the presentity
 might want to advertise that his or her voice service is currently
 closed, just to let the watchers know that such service might be open
 at some point.  Again, this type of default state is independent of
 any particular device and can be considered rather persistent.

Isomaki & Leppanen Standards Track [Page 3] RFC 4827 XCAP for Manipulating Presence Document May 2007

 Even though SIP PUBLISH remains the main way of publishing presence
 state in SIMPLE-based presence systems and is especially well-suited
 for publishing dynamic state (which presence mainly is), it needs to
 be complemented by the mechanism described in this document to
 address the use cases presented above.
 XML Configuration Access Protocol (XCAP) [2] allows a client to read,
 write, and modify application configuration data stored in XML format
 on a server.  The data has no expiration time, so it must be
 explicitly inserted and deleted.  The protocol allows multiple
 clients to manipulate the data, provided that they are authorized to
 do so.  XCAP is already used in SIMPLE-based presence systems for
 manipulation of presence lists and presence authorization policies.
 This makes XCAP an ideal choice for doing device-independent presence
 document manipulation.
 This document defines an XML Configuration Access Protocol (XCAP)
 application usage for manipulating the contents of presence document.
 Presence Information Document Format (PIDF) [3] is used as the
 presence document format, since the event state compositor already
 has to support it, as it is used in SIP PUBLISH.
 Section 3 describes in detail how the presence document manipulated
 with XCAP is related to soft state publishing done with SIP PUBLISH.
 XCAP requires application usages to standardize several pieces of
 information, including a unique application usage ID (AUID) and an
 XML schema for the manipulated data.  These are specified starting
 from Section 4.

2. Conventions

 In this document, the key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED',
 'SHALL', 'SHALL NOT', 'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED', 'MAY',
 and 'OPTIONAL' are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [1] and
 indicate requirement levels for compliant implementations.
 Comprehensive terminology of presence and event state publishing is
 provided in "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension for Event
 State Publication" [4].

3. Relationship with Presence State Published Using SIP PUBLISH

 The framework for publishing presence state is described in Figure 1.
 A central part of the framework is the event state compositor
 element, whose function is to compose presence information received
 from several sources into a single coherent presence document.

Isomaki & Leppanen Standards Track [Page 4] RFC 4827 XCAP for Manipulating Presence Document May 2007

 The presence state manipulated with XCAP can be seen as one of the
 information sources for the compositor to be combined with the soft
 state information published using SIP PUBLISH.  This is illustrated
 in Figure 1.  It is expected that, in the normal case, there can be
 several PUAs publishing their separate views with SIP PUBLISH, but
 only a single XCAP manipulated presence document.  As shown in the
 figure, multiple XCAP clients (for instance, in different physical
 devices) can manipulate the same document on the XCAP server, but
 this still creates only one input to the event state compositor.  The
 XCAP server stores the XCAP manipulated presence document under the
 "users" tree in the XCAP document hierarchy.  See Section 9 for
 details and Section 11 for an example.
 As individual inputs, the presence states set by XCAP and SIP PUBLISH
 are completely separated, and it is not possible to directly
 manipulate the state set by one mechanism with the other.  How the
 compositor treats XCAP-based inputs with respect to SIP PUBLISH-based
 inputs is a matter of compositor policy, which is beyond the scope of
 this specification.  Since the SIP PUBLISH specification already
 mandates the compositor to be able to construct the overall presence
 state from multiple inputs, which may contain non-orthogonal (or in
 some ways even conflicting) information, this XCAP usage does not
 impose any new requirements on the compositor functionality.
             +---------------+         +------------+
             |   Event State |         |  Presence  |<-- SIP SUBSCRIBE
             |   Compositor  +---------+  Agent     |--> SIP NOTIFY
             |               |         |   (PA)     |
             +-------+-------+         +------------+
               ^     ^     ^
               |     |     |
               |     |     |       +---------------+
      +--------+     |     +-------|  XCAP server  |
      |              |             +-------+-------+
      |              |                 ^         ^
      | SIP Publish  |                 |  XCAP   |
      |              |                 |         |
   +--+--+        +--+--+         +-------+   +-------+
   | PUA |        | PUA |         | XCAP  |   | XCAP  |
   |     |        |     |         | client|   | client|
   +-----+        +-----+         +-------+   +-------+
      Figure 1: Framework for Presence Publishing and Event State
                              Composition
 The protocol interface between XCAP server and the event state
 compositor is not specified here.

Isomaki & Leppanen Standards Track [Page 5] RFC 4827 XCAP for Manipulating Presence Document May 2007

4. Application Usage ID

 XCAP requires application usages to define a unique application usage
 ID (AUID) in either the IETF tree or a vendor tree.  This
 specification defines the 'pidf-manipulation' AUID within the IETF
 tree, via the IANA registration in Section 13.

5. MIME Type

 The MIME type for this application usage is 'application/pidf+xml'.

6. Structure of Manipulated Presence Information

 The XML Schema of the presence information is defined in the Presence
 Information Data Format (PIDF) [3].  The PIDF also defines a
 mechanism for extending presence information.  See [8], [9], [11],
 and [12] for currently defined PIDF extensions and their XML Schemas.
 The namespace URI for PIDF is 'urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf' which is
 also the XCAP default document namespace.

7. Additional Constraints

 There are no constraints on the document beyond those described in
 the XML schemas (PIDF and its extensions) and in the description of
 PIDF [3].

8. Resource Interdependencies

 There are no resource interdependencies beyond the possible
 interdependencies defined in PIDF [3] and XCAP [2] that need to be
 defined for this application usage.

9. Naming Conventions

 The XCAP server MUST store only a single XCAP manipulated presence
 document for each user.  The presence document MUST be located under
 the "users" tree, using filename "index".  See an example in
 Section 11.

10. Authorization Policies

 This application usage does not modify the default XCAP authorization
 policy, which allows only a user (owner) to read, write, or modify
 their own documents.  A server can allow privileged users to modify
 documents that they do not own, but the establishment and indication
 of such policies is outside the scope of this document.

Isomaki & Leppanen Standards Track [Page 6] RFC 4827 XCAP for Manipulating Presence Document May 2007

11. Example

 The section provides an example of a presence document provided by an
 XCAP Client to an XCAP Server.  The presence document illustrates the
 situation where a (human) presentity has left for vacation, and
 before that, has set his presence information so that he is only
 available via e-mail.  In the absence of any published soft state
 information, this would be the sole input to the compositor forming
 the presence document.  The example document contains PIDF extensions
 specified in "RPID: Rich Presence Extensions to the Presence
 Information Data Format (PIDF)" [8] and "CIPID: Contact Information
 in Presence Information Data Format" [9].
 It is assumed that the presentity is a SIP user with Address-of-
 Record (AOR) sip:someone@example.com.  The XCAP root URI for
 example.com is assumed to be http://xcap.example.com.  The XCAP User
 Identifier (XUI) is assumed to be identical to the SIP AOR, according
 to XCAP recommendations.  In this case, the presence document would
 be located at http://xcap.example.com/pidf-manipulation/users/
 sip:someone@example.com/index.
 The presence document is created with the following XCAP operation:
PUT /pidf-manipulation/users/sip:someone@example.com/index HTTP/1.1
Host: xcap.example.com
Content-Type: application/pidf+xml
...
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <presence xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
           xmlns:rp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:rpid"
           xmlns:dm="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:data-model"
           xmlns:ci="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:cipid"
           entity="sip:someone@example.com">
        <tuple id="x8eg92m">
          <status>
            <basic>closed</basic>
          </status>
          <rp:user-input>idle</rp:user-input>
          <rp:class>auth-1</rp:class>
          <contact priority="0.5">sip:user@example.com</contact>
          <note>I'm available only by e-mail.</note>
          <timestamp>2004-02-06T16:49:29Z</timestamp>
        </tuple>
        <tuple id="x8eg92n">
          <status>

Isomaki & Leppanen Standards Track [Page 7] RFC 4827 XCAP for Manipulating Presence Document May 2007

            <basic>open</basic>
          </status>
          <rp:class>auth-1</rp:class>
          <contact priority="1.0">mailto:someone@example.com</contact>
          <note>I'm reading mail a couple of times a week</note>
        </tuple>
        <dm:person id="p1">
           <rp:class>auth-A</rp:class>
           <ci:homepage>http://www.example.com/~someone</ci:homepage>
           <rp:activities>
               <rp:vacation/>
           </rp:activities>
        </dm:person>
      </presence>
When the user wants to change the note related to e-mail service,
it is done with the following XCAP operation:
PUT /pidf-manipulation/users/sip:someone@example.com/index/
~~/presence/tuple%5b@id='x8eg92n'%5d/note HTTP/1.1
If-Match: "xyz"
Host: xcap.example.com
Content-Type: application/xcap-el+xml
...
<note>I'm reading mails on Tuesdays and Fridays</note>

12. Security Considerations

 A presence document may contain information that is highly sensitive.
 Its delivery to watchers needs to happen strictly according to the
 relevant authorization policies.  It is also important that only
 authorized clients are able to manipulate the presence information.
 The XCAP base specification mandates that all XCAP servers MUST
 implement HTTP Digest authentication specified in RFC 2617 [5].
 Furthermore, XCAP servers MUST implement HTTP over TLS [6].  It is
 recommended that administrators of XCAP servers use an HTTPS URI as
 the XCAP root services' URI, so that the digest client authentication
 occurs over TLS.  By using these means, XCAP client and server can
 ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the XCAP presence
 document manipulation operations, and that only authorized clients
 are allowed to perform them.

Isomaki & Leppanen Standards Track [Page 8] RFC 4827 XCAP for Manipulating Presence Document May 2007

13. IANA Considerations

 There is an IANA consideration associated with this specification.

13.1. XCAP Application Usage ID

 This section registers a new XCAP Application Usage ID (AUID)
 according to the IANA procedures defined in [2].
 Name of the AUID: pidf-manipulation
 Description: Pidf-manipulation application usage defines how XCAP is
 used to manipulate the contents of PIDF-based presence documents.

14. Acknowledgements

 The authors would like to thank Jari Urpalainen, Jonathan Rosenberg,
 Hisham Khartabil, Aki Niemi, Mikko Lonnfors, Oliver Biot, Alex Audu,
 Krisztian Kiss, Jose Costa-Requena, George Foti, and Paul Kyzivat for
 their comments.

15. References

15.1. Normative References

 [1]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
       Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
 [2]   Rosenberg, J., "The Extensible Markup Language (XML)
       Configuration Access Protocol (XCAP)", RFC 4825, May 2007.
 [3]   Sugano, H., Fujimoto, S., Klyne, G., Bateman, A., Carr, W., and
       J. Peterson, "Presence Information Data Format (PIDF)",
       RFC 3863, August 2004.
 [4]   Niemi, A., "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension for
       Event State Publication", RFC 3903, October 2004.
 [5]   Franks, J., "HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access
       Authentication", RFC 2617, June 1999.
 [6]   Rescorla, E., "HTTP Over TLS", RFC 2818, May 2000.

15.2. Informative References

 [7]   Rosenberg, J., "A Presence Event Package for the Session
       Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 3856, August 2004.

Isomaki & Leppanen Standards Track [Page 9] RFC 4827 XCAP for Manipulating Presence Document May 2007

 [8]   Schulzrinne, H., Gurbani, V., Kyzivat, P., and J. Rosenberg,
       "RPID: Rich Presence Extensions to the Presence Information
       Data Format (PIDF)", RFC 4480, July 2006.
 [9]   Schulzrinne, H., "CIPID: Contact Information for the Presence
       Information Data Format", RFC 4482, July 2006.
 [10]  Rosenberg, J., "A Data Model for Presence", RFC 4479,
       July 2006.
 [11]  Lonnfors, M. and K. Kiss, "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
       User Agent Capability Extension to Presence Information Data
       Format (PIDF)", Work in Progress, July 2006.
 [12]  Schulzrinne, H., "Timed Presence Extensions to the Presence
       Information Data Format (PIDF) to Indicate Status Information
       for Past and Future Time Intervals", RFC 4481, July 2006.

Authors' Addresses

 Markus Isomaki
 Nokia
 P.O. BOX 100
 00045 NOKIA GROUP
 Finland
 EMail: markus.isomaki@nokia.com
 Eva Leppanen
 Nokia
 P.O. BOX 785
 33101 Tampere
 Finland
 EMail: eva-maria.leppanen@nokia.com

Isomaki & Leppanen Standards Track [Page 10] RFC 4827 XCAP for Manipulating Presence Document May 2007

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 Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).
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 contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
 retain all their rights.
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 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF
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Acknowledgement

 Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
 Internet Society.

Isomaki & Leppanen Standards Track [Page 11]

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