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rfc:rfc4767

Network Working Group B. Feinstein Request for Comments: 4767 SecureWorks, Inc. Category: Experimental G. Matthews

                                         CSC/NASA Ames Research Center
                                                            March 2007
          The Intrusion Detection Exchange Protocol (IDXP)

Status of This Memo

 This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet
 community.  It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.
 Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested.
 Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

 Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).

Abstract

 This memo describes the Intrusion Detection Exchange Protocol (IDXP),
 an application-level protocol for exchanging data between intrusion
 detection entities.  IDXP supports mutual-authentication, integrity,
 and confidentiality over a connection-oriented protocol.  The
 protocol provides for the exchange of IDMEF messages, unstructured
 text, and binary data.  The IDMEF message elements are described in
 RFC 4765, "The Intrusion Detection Message Exchange Format (IDMEF)",
 a companion document of the Intrusion Detection Exchange Format
 Working Group (IDWG) of the IETF.

Table of Contents

 1. Introduction ....................................................3
    1.1. Purpose ....................................................3
    1.2. Profiles ...................................................3
    1.3. Terminology ................................................3
 2. The Model .......................................................4
    2.1. Connection Provisioning ....................................4
    2.2. Data Transfer ..............................................6
    2.3. Connection Teardown ........................................7
    2.4. Trust Model ................................................8
 3. The IDXP Profile ................................................8
    3.1. IDXP Profile Overview ......................................8
    3.2. IDXP Profile Identification and Initialization .............9
    3.3. IDXP Profile Message Syntax ................................9
    3.4. IDXP Profile Semantics .....................................9

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 1] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

         3.4.1. The IDXP-Greeting Element ..........................10
         3.4.2. The Option Element .................................11
         3.4.3. The IDMEF-Message Element ..........................12
 4. IDXP Options ...................................................12
    4.1. The channelPriority Option ................................13
    4.2. The streamType Option .....................................14
 5. Fulfillment of IDWG Communications Protocol Requirements .......16
    5.1. Reliable Message Transmission .............................16
    5.2. Interaction with Firewalls ................................16
    5.3. Mutual Authentication .....................................16
    5.4. Message Confidentiality ...................................17
    5.5. Message Integrity .........................................17
    5.6. Per-Source Authentication .................................17
    5.7. Denial of Service .........................................18
    5.8. Message Duplication .......................................18
 6. Extending IDXP .................................................18
 7. IDXP Option Registration Template ..............................19
 8. Initial Registrations ..........................................19
    8.1. Registration: The IDXP Profile ............................19
    8.2. Registration: The System (Well-Known) TCP Port
         Number for IDXP ...........................................19
    8.3. Registration: The channelPriority Option ..................20
    8.4. Registration: The streamType Option .......................20
 9. The DTDs .......................................................20
    9.1. The IDXP DTD ..............................................20
    9.2. The channelPriority Option DTD ............................22
    9.3. The streamType DTD ........................................23
 10. Reply Codes ...................................................24
 11. Security Considerations .......................................25
    11.1. Use of the TUNNEL Profile ................................25
    11.2. Use of Underlying Security Profiles ......................25
 12. IANA Considerations ...........................................25
 13. References ....................................................26
    13.1. Normative References .....................................26
    13.2. Informative References ...................................26
 14. Acknowledgements ..............................................26

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 2] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

1. Introduction

 IDXP is specified, in part, as a Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol
 (BEEP) [4] "profile".  BEEP is a generic application protocol
 framework for connection-oriented, asynchronous interactions.
 Features such as authentication and confidentiality are provided
 through the use of other BEEP profiles.  Accordingly, many aspects of
 IDXP (e.g., confidentiality) are provided within the BEEP framework.

1.1. Purpose

 IDXP provides for the exchange of IDMEF [2] messages, unstructured
 text, and binary data between intrusion detection entities.
 Addressing the security-sensitive nature of exchanges between
 intrusion detection entities, underlying BEEP security profiles
 should be used to offer IDXP the required set of security properties.
 See Section 5 for a discussion of how IDXP fulfills the IDWG
 communications protocol requirements.  See Section 11 for a
 discussion of security considerations.
 IDXP is primarily intended for the exchange of data created by
 intrusion detection entities.  IDMEF [2] messages should be used for
 the structured representation of this intrusion detection data,
 although IDXP may be used to exchange unstructured text and binary
 data.

1.2. Profiles

 There are several BEEP profiles discussed, the first of which we
 define in this memo:
    The IDXP Profile
    The TUNNEL Profile [3]
    The Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) Family of
    Profiles (see Section 4.1 of [4])
    The TLS Profile (see Section 3.1 of [4])

1.3. Terminology

 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
 document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119 [1].

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 3] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

 Throughout this memo, the terms "analyzer" and "manager" are used in
 the context of the Intrusion Detection Message Exchange Requirements
 [5].  In particular, Section 2.2 of [5] defines a collection of
 intrusion detection terms.
 The terms "peer", "initiator", "listener", "client", and "server",
 and the characters "I", "L", "C", and "S" are used in the context of
 BEEP [4].  In particular, Section 2.1 of BEEP discusses the roles
 that a BEEP peer may perform.
 The term "Document Type Definition" is abbreviated as "DTD" and is
 defined in Section 2.8 of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) [7].
 Note that the term "proxy" is specific to IDXP and does not exist in
 the context of BEEP.  The term "intrusion detection" is abbreviated
 as "ID".

2. The Model

2.1. Connection Provisioning

 Intrusion detection entities using IDXP to transfer data are termed
 IDXP peers.  Peers can exist only in pairs, and these pairs
 communicate over a single BEEP session with one or more BEEP channels
 opened for transferring data.  Peers are either managers or
 analyzers, as defined in Section 2.2 of [5].
 The relationship between analyzers and managers is potentially many-
 to-many.  That is, an analyzer MAY communicate with many managers;
 similarly, a manager MAY communicate with many analyzers.  Likewise,
 the relationship between different managers is potentially many-to-
 many, so that a manager MAY receive the alerts sent by a large number
 of analyzers by receiving them through intermediate managers.
 Analyzers MUST NOT establish IDXP exchanges with other analyzers.
 An IDXP peer wishing to establish IDXP communications with another
 IDXP peer does so by opening a BEEP channel, which may entail
 initiating a BEEP session.  A BEEP security profile offering the
 required security properties SHOULD initially be negotiated (see
 Section 11 for a discussion of security considerations).  Following
 the successful negotiation of the BEEP security profile, IDXP
 greetings are exchanged and connection provisioning proceeds.
 In the following sequence, the peer 'Alice' initiates an IDXP
 exchange with the peer 'Bob'.

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 4] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

 Alice                                               Bob
   ---------------- xport connect(1) ------------------>
  <-------------------- greeting ---------------------->
  <-------------start security profile(2) ------------->
  <-------------------- greeting ---------------------->
  <------------------ start IDXP(3) ------------------->
 Notes:
 (1) 'Alice' initiates a transport connection to 'Bob', triggering the
     exchange of BEEP greeting messages.
 (2) Both entities negotiate the use of a BEEP security profile.
 (3) Both entities negotiate the use of the IDXP profile.
 In between a pair of IDXP peers may be an arbitrary number of
 proxies.  A proxy may be necessary for administrative reasons, such
 as running on a firewall to allow restricted access.  Another use
 might be one proxy per company department, which forwards data from
 the analyzer peers in the department onto a company-wide manager
 peer.
 A BEEP tuning profile MAY be used to create an application-layer
 tunnel that transparently forwards data over a chain of proxies.  The
 TUNNEL profile [3] SHOULD be used for this purpose; see [3] for more
 detail concerning the options available to set up an application-
 layer tunnel using TUNNEL, and see Section 11.1 for a discussion of
 TUNNEL-related security considerations.  TUNNEL MUST be offered as a
 tuning profile for the creation of application-layer tunnels.  The
 TUNNEL profile MUST offer the use of some form of SASL authentication
 (see Section 4.1 of [4]).  Once a tunnel has been created, a BEEP
 security profile offering the required security properties SHOULD be
 negotiated, followed by negotiation of the IDXP profile.
 The following sequence shows how TUNNEL might be used to create an
 application-layer tunnel through which IDXP would operate.  A peer
 'Alice' initiates the creation of a BEEP session using the IDXP
 profile with the entity 'Bob' by first contacting 'proxy1'.  In the
 greeting exchange between 'Alice' and 'proxy1', the TUNNEL profile is
 selected, and subsequently the use of the TUNNEL profile is extended
 to reach through 'proxy2' to 'Bob'.

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 5] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

 Alice              proxy1               proxy2               Bob
   -- xport connect -->
  <---- greeting ----->
   -- start TUNNEL --->
                       - xport connect(1) ->
                      <----- greeting ----->
                       --- start TUNNEL --->
                                            --- xport connect -->
                                           <----- greeting ----->
                                            --- start TUNNEL --->
                                           <----- <ok>(2) ------
                      <------- <ok> -------
  <------ <ok> -------
  <------------------------- greeting -------------------------->
  <------------------ start security profile ------------------->
  <------------------------- greeting -------------------------->
  <------------------------ start IDXP ------------------------->
 Notes:
 (1) Instead of immediately acknowledging the request from 'Alice' to
     start TUNNEL, 'proxy1' attempts to establish use of TUNNEL with
     'proxy2'.  'proxy2' also delays its acknowledgment to 'proxy1'.
 (2) 'Bob' acknowledges the request from 'proxy2' to start TUNNEL, and
     this acknowledgment propagates back to 'Alice' so that a TUNNEL
     application-layer tunnel is established from 'Alice' to 'Bob'.

2.2. Data Transfer

 Between a pair of ID entities communicating over a BEEP session, one
 or more BEEP channels MAY be opened using the IDXP profile.  If
 desired, additional BEEP sessions MAY be established to offer
 additional channels using the IDXP profile.  However, in most
 situations additional channels using the IDXP profile SHOULD be
 opened within an existing BEEP session, as opposed to provisioning a
 new BEEP session containing the additional channels using the IDXP
 profile.
 Peers assume the role of client or server on a per-channel basis,
 with one acting as the client and the other as the server.  A peer's
 role of client or server is determined independent of whether the
 peer assumed the role of initiator or listener during the BEEP
 session establishment.  Clients and servers act as sources and sinks,
 respectively, for exchanging data.

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 6] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

 In a simple case, an analyzer peer sends data to a manager peer.  For
 example,
 +----------+                          +----------+
 |          |                          |          |
 |          |****** BEEP session ******|          |
 |          |                          |          |
 | Analyzer | ----- IDXP profile ----> | Manager  |
 | (Client) |                          | (Server) |
 |          |                          |          |
 |          |**************************|          |
 |          |                          |          |
 +----------+                          +----------+
 Use of multiple BEEP channels in a BEEP session facilitates
 categorization and prioritization of data sent between IDXP peers.
 For example, a manager 'M1', sending alert data to another manager,
 'M2', may choose to open a separate channel to exchange different
 categories of alerts.  'M1' would act as the client on each of these
 channels, and manager 'M2' can then process and act on the incoming
 alerts based on their respective channel categorizations.  See
 Section 4 for more detail on how to incorporate categorization and/or
 prioritization into channel creation.
 +----------+                                            +----------+
 |          |                                            |          |
 |          |*************** BEEP session ***************|          |
 |          |                                            |          |
 |          | -- IDXP profile, network-based alerts ---> |          |
 | Manager  |                                            | Manager  |
 |   M1     | ---- IDXP profile, host-based alerts ----> |   M2     |
 | (Client) |                                            | (Server) |
 |          | ------ IDXP profile, other alerts -------> |          |
 |          |                                            |          |
 |          |********************************************|          |
 |          |                                            |          |
 +----------+                                            +----------+

2.3. Connection Teardown

 An IDXP peer may choose to close an IDXP channel under many different
 circumstances (e.g., an error in processing has occurred).  To close
 a channel, the peer sends a "close" element (see Section 2.3.1.3 of
 [4]) on channel zero indicating which channel is being closed.  An
 IDXP peer may also choose to close an entire BEEP session by sending
 a "close" element indicating that channel zero is to be closed.

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 7] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

 Section 2.3.1.3 of [4] offers a more complete discussion of the
 circumstances under which a BEEP peer is permitted to close a channel
 and the mechanisms for doing so.
 It is anticipated that due to the overhead of provisioning an
 application-layer tunnel and/or a BEEP security profile, BEEP
 sessions containing IDXP channels will be long-lived.  In addition,
 the repeated overhead of IDXP channel provisioning (i.e., the
 exchange of IDXP greetings) may be avoided by keeping IDXP channels
 open even while data is not actively being exchanged on them.  These
 are recommendations and, as such, IDXP peers may choose to close and
 re-provision BEEP sessions and/or IDXP channels as they see fit.

2.4. Trust Model

 In our model, trust is placed exclusively in the IDXP peers.  Proxies
 are always assumed to be untrustworthy.  A BEEP security profile is
 used to establish end-to-end security between pairs of IDXP peers,
 doing away with the need to place trust in any intervening proxies.
 Only after successful negotiation of the underlying security profile
 are IDXP peers to be trusted.  Only BEEP security profiles offering
 at least the protections required by Section 5 of [5] should be used
 to secure a BEEP session containing channels using the IDXP profile.
 See Section 3 of [4] for the registration of the TLS profile, an
 example of a BEEP security profile meeting the requirements of
 Section 5 of [5].  See Section 5 for a discussion of how IDXP
 fulfills the IDWG communications protocol requirements.

3. The IDXP Profile

3.1. IDXP Profile Overview

 The IDXP profile provides a mechanism for exchanging information
 between intrusion detection entities.  A BEEP tuning profile MAY be
 used to create an application-layer tunnel that transparently
 forwards data over a chain of proxies.  The TUNNEL profile [3] SHOULD
 be used for this purpose; see [3] for more detail concerning the
 options available to set up an application-layer tunnel using TUNNEL,
 and see Section 11.1 for a discussion of TUNNEL-related security
 considerations.  TUNNEL MUST be offered as a tuning profile for the
 creation of application-layer tunnels.  The TUNNEL profile MUST offer
 the use of some form of SASL authentication (see Section 4.1 of [4]).
 The TLS profile SHOULD be used to provide the required combination of
 mutual-authentication, integrity, and confidentiality for the IDXP
 profile.  For further discussion of application-layer tunnel and
 security issues, see Sections 2.1 and 11.

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 8] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

 The IDXP profile supports several elements of interest:
 o  The "IDXP-Greeting" element identifies an analyzer or manager at
    one end of a BEEP channel to the analyzer or manager at the other
    end of the channel.
 o  The "Option" element is used to convey optional channel parameters
    between peers during the exchange of "IDXP-Greeting" elements.
    This element is OPTIONAL.
 o  The "IDMEF-Message" element carries the structured information to
    be exchanged between the peers.

3.2. IDXP Profile Identification and Initialization

 The IDXP profile is identified as
    http://idxp.org/beep/profile
 in the BEEP "profile" element during channel creation.
 During channel creation, "IDXP-Greeting" elements MUST be mutually
 exchanged between the peers.  An "IDXP-Greeting" element MAY be
 contained within the corresponding "profile" element in the BEEP
 "start" element.  Including an "IDXP-Greeting" element in the initial
 "start" element has exactly the same semantics as passing it as the
 first "MSG" message on the channel.  If channel creation is
 successful, then before sending the corresponding reply, the BEEP
 peer processes the "IDXP-Greeting" element and includes the resulting
 response in the reply.  This response will be an "ok" element or an
 "error" element.  The choice of which element is returned is
 dependent on local provisioning of the peer.

3.3. IDXP Profile Message Syntax

 BEEP messages in the profile MUST have a MIME Content-Type [8] of
 "text/xml", "text/plain", or "application/octet-stream".  The syntax
 of the individual elements is specified in Section 9.1 of this
 document and Section 4 of [2].

3.4. IDXP Profile Semantics

 Each BEEP peer issues the "IDXP-Greeting" element using "MSG"
 messages.  The "IDXP-Greeting" element MAY contain one or more
 "Option" sub-elements, conveying optional channel parameters.  Each
 BEEP peer then issues "ok" in "RPY" messages or "error" in "ERR"
 messages.  (See Section 2.3.1 of [4] for the definitions of the
 "error" and "ok" elements.)  An "error" element MAY be issued within

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 9] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

 a "RPY" message when piggy-backed within a BEEP "profile" element.
 See Section 3.4.1 for an example of an "error" element being issued
 within a "RPY" message.  Based on the respective client/server roles
 negotiated during the exchange of "IDXP-Greeting" elements, the
 client sends data using "MSG" messages.  Depending on the MIME
 Content-Type, this data may be an "IDMEF-Message" element, plain
 text, or binary.  The server then issues "ok" in "RPY" messages or
 "error" in "ERR" messages.

3.4.1. The IDXP-Greeting Element

 The "IDXP-Greeting" element serves to identify the analyzer or
 manager at one end of the BEEP channel to the analyzer or manager at
 the other end of the channel.  The "IDXP-Greeting" element MUST
 include the role of the peer on the channel (client or server) and
 the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) [6] of the peer.  In addition,
 the "IDXP-Greeting" element MAY include the fully qualified domain
 name (see [9]) of the peer.  One or more "Option" sub-elements MAY be
 present.
 An "IDXP-Greeting" element MAY be sent by either peer at any time.
 The peer receiving the "IDXP-Greeting" MUST respond with an "ok"
 (indicating acceptance), or an "error" (indicating rejection).  A
 peer's identity and role on a channel and any optional channel
 parameters are, in effect, specified by the most recent "IDXP-
 Greeting" it sent that was answered with an "ok".
 An "IDXP-Greeting" may be rejected (with an "error" element) under
 many circumstances.  These include, but are not limited to,
 authentication failure, lack of authorization to connect under the
 specified role, the negotiation of an inadequate cipher suite, or the
 presence of a channel option that must be understood but was
 unrecognized.
 For example, a successful creation with an embedded "IDXP-Greeting"
 might look like this:
 I: MSG 0 10 . 1592 187
 I: Content-Type: text/xml
 I:
 I: <start number='1'>
 I:   <profile uri='http://idxp.org/beep/profile'>
 I:     <![CDATA[ <IDXP-Greeting uri='http://example.com/alice'
 I:       role='client' /> ]]>
 I:   </profile>
 I: </start>
 I: END
 L: RPY 0 10 . 1865 91

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 10] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

 L: Content-Type: text/xml
 L:
 L: <profile uri='http://idxp.org/beep/profile'>
 L:   <![CDATA[ <ok /> ]]>
 L: </profile>
 L: END
 L: MSG 0 11 . 1956 61
 L: Content-Type: text/xml
 L:
 L: <IDXP-Greeting uri='http://example.com/bob' role='server' />
 L: END
 I: RPY 0 11 . 1779 7
 I: Content-Type: text/xml
 I:
 I: <ok />
 I: END
 A creation with an embedded "IDXP-Greeting" that fails might look
 like this:
 I: MSG 0 10 . 1776 185
 I: Content-Type: text/xml
 I:
 I: <start number='1'>
 I:   <profile uri='http://idxp.org/beep/profile'>
 I:     <![CDATA[ <IDXP-Greeting uri='http://example.com/eve'
 I:       role='client' /> ]]>
 I:   </profile>
 I: </start>
 I: END
 L: RPY 0 10 . 1592 182
 L: Content-Type: text/xml
 L:
 L: <profile uri='http://idxp.org/beep/profile'>
 L:   <![CDATA[
 L:     <error code='530'>'http://example.com/eve' must first
 L:       negotiate the TLS profile</error> ]]>
 L: </profile>
 L: END

3.4.2. The Option Element

 If present, the "Option" element MUST be contained within an "IDXP-
 Greeting" element.  An individual "IDXP-Greeting" element MAY contain
 one or more "Option" sub-elements.  Each "Option" element within an
 "IDXP-Greeting" element represents a request to enable an IDXP option
 on the channel being negotiated.  See Section 4 for a complete
 description of IDXP options and the "Option" element.

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 11] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

3.4.3. The IDMEF-Message Element

 The "IDMEF-Message" element carries the information to be exchanged
 between the peers.  See Section 4 of [2] for the definition of this
 element.

4. IDXP Options

 IDXP provides a service for the reliable exchange of data between
 intrusion detection entities.  Options are used to alter the
 semantics of the service.
 The specification of an IDXP option MUST define
 o  the identity of the option;
 o  what content, if any, is contained within the option; and
 o  the processing rules for the option.
 An option registration template (see Section 7) organizes this
 information.
 An "Option" element is contained within an "IDXP-Greeting" element.
 The "IDXP-Greeting" element itself MAY contain one or more "Option"
 elements.  The "Option" element has several attributes and contains
 arbitrary content:
 o  the "internal" and the "external" attributes, exactly one of which
    MUST be present, uniquely identify the option;
 o  the "mustUnderstand" attribute, whose presence is OPTIONAL and
    whose default value is "false", specifies whether the option, if
    unrecognized, MUST cause an error in processing to occur; and
 o  the "localize" attribute, whose presence is OPTIONAL, specifies
    one or more language tokens, each identifying a desirable language
    tag to be used if textual diagnostics are returned to the
    originator.
 The value of the "internal" attribute is the IANA-registered name for
 the option.  If the "internal" attribute is not present, then the
 value of the "external" attribute is a URI or URI with a fragment-
 identifier.  Note that a relative-URI value is not allowed.
 The "mustUnderstand" attribute specifies whether the peer may ignore
 the option if it is unrecognized.  If the value of the
 "mustUnderstand" attribute is "true", and if the peer does not

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 12] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

 recognize the option, then an error in processing has occurred.  When
 absent, the value of the "mustUnderstand" attribute is defined to be
 "false".

4.1. The channelPriority Option

 Section 8.3 contains the IDXP option registration for the
 "channelPriority" option.  This option contains a "channelPriority"
 element (see Section 9.2).
 By default, IDXP does not place any requirements on how peers should
 manage multiple IDXP channels.  The "channelPriority" option provides
 a way for peers using multiple IDXP channels to request relative
 priorities for each channel.  When sending an "IDXP-Greeting" element
 during the provisioning of an IDXP channel, the originating peer MAY
 request that the remote peer assign a priority to the channel by
 including an "Option" element containing a "channelPriority" element.
 The "channelPriority" element has one attribute named "priority", of
 range 0..2147483647.  This attribute is REQUIRED.  Not
 coincidentally, this is the maximum range of possible BEEP channel
 numbers.  0 is defined to represent the highest priority, with
 relative priority decreasing as the "priority" value ascends.
 For example, during the exchange of "IDXP-Greeting" elements during
 channel provisioning, an analyzer successfully requests that a
 manager assign a priority to the channel:
 analyzer                                           manager
    --------------- greeting w/ option ----------------->
    <---------------------- <ok> ------------------------
 C: MSG 1 17 . 1984 165
 C: Content-Type: text/xml
 C:
 C: <IDXP-Greeting uri='http://example.com/alice' role='client'>
 C:   <Option internal='channelPriority'>
 C:     <channelPriority priority='0' />
 C:   </Option>
 C: </IDXP-Greeting>
 C: END
 S: RPY 1 17 . 2001 7
 S: Content-Type: text/xml
 S:
 S: <ok />
 S: END

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 13] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

 For example, during the exchange of "IDXP-Greeting" elements during
 channel provisioning, a manager unsuccessfully requests that an
 analyzer assign a priority to the channel:
   analyzer                                           manager
     <---------------- greeting w/ option ----------------
      --------------------- <error> ---------------------->
S: MSG 1 17 . 1312 194
S: Content-Type: text/xml
S:
S: <IDXP-Greeting uri='http://example.com/bob' role='server'>
S:   <Option internal='channelPriority' mustUnderstand='true'>
S:     <channelPriority priority='2147483647' />
S:   </Option>
S: </IDXP-Greeting>
S: END
C: ERR 1 17 . 451 68
C: Content-Type: text/xml
C:
C: <error code='504'>'channelPriority' option was unrecognized</error>
C: END

4.2. The streamType Option

 Section 8.4 contains the IDXP option registration for the
 "streamType" option.  This option contains a "streamType" element
 (see Section 9.3).
 By default, IDXP provides no explicit method for categorizing
 channels.  The "streamType" option provides a way for peers to
 request that a channel be categorized as a particular stream type.
 When sending an "IDXP-Greeting" element during the provisioning of an
 IDXP channel, the originating peer MAY request that the remote peer
 assign a stream type to the channel by including an "Option" element
 containing a "streamType" element.
 The "streamType" element has one attribute named "type", with the
 possible values of "alert", "heartbeat", or "config".  This attribute
 is REQUIRED.  A value of "alert" indicates that the channel should be
 categorized as being used for the exchange of ID alerts.  A value of
 "heartbeat" indicates that the channel should be categorized as being
 used for the exchange of heartbeat messages such as the "Heartbeat"
 element (see Section 4 of [2]).  A value of "config" indicates that
 the channel should be categorized as being used for the exchange of
 configuration messages.

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 14] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

 For example, during the exchange of "IDXP-Greeting" elements during
 channel provisioning, an analyzer successfully requests that a
 manager assign a stream type to the channel:
 analyzer                                           manager
    --------------- greeting w/ option ----------------->
   <---------------------- <ok> ------------------------
 C: MSG 1 21 . 1963 155
 C: Content-Type: text/xml
 C:
 C: <IDXP-Greeting uri='http://example.com/alice' role='client'>
 C:   <Option internal='streamType'>
 C:     <streamType type='alert' />
 C:   </Option>
 C: </IDXP-Greeting>
 C: END
 S: RPY 1 21 . 1117 7
 S: Content-Type: text/xml
 S:
 S: <ok />
 S: END
 For example, during the exchange of "IDXP-Greeting" elements during
 channel provisioning, a manager unsuccessfully requests that an
 analyzer assign a stream type to the channel:
 analyzer                                           manager
   <---------------- greeting w/ option ----------------
    --------------------- <error> ---------------------->
 S: MSG 1 21 . 1969 176
 S: Content-Type: text/xml
 S:
 S: <IDXP-Greeting uri='http://example.com/bob' role='server'>
 S:   <Option internal='streamType' mustUnderstand='true'>
 S:     <streamType type='config' />
 S:   </Option>
 S: </IDXP-Greeting>
 S: END
 C: ERR 1 21 . 1292 63
 C: Content-Type: text/xml
 C:
 C: <error code='504'>'streamType' option was unrecognized</error>
 C: END

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 15] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

5. Fulfillment of IDWG Communications Protocol Requirements

 The following lists each of the communications protocol requirements
 established in Section 5 of [5] and, for each requirement, describes
 the manner in which it is fulfilled.  IDXP itself does not fulfill
 each of the communications protocol requirements, but instead relies
 on the underlying BEEP protocol and a variety of BEEP profiles.

5.1. Reliable Message Transmission

 "The [protocol] MUST support reliable transmission of messages."  See
 Section 5.1 of [5].
    IDXP operates over BEEP, which operates only over reliable
    connection-oriented transport protocols (e.g., TCP).  In addition,
    BEEP peers communicate using a simple request-response protocol,
    which provides end-to-end reliability between peers.

5.2. Interaction with Firewalls

 "The [protocol] MUST support transmission of messages between ID
 components across firewall boundaries without compromising security."
 See Section 5.2 of [5].
    The TUNNEL profile [3] MUST be offered as an option for creation
    of application-layer tunnels to allow operation across firewalls.
    The TUNNEL profile SHOULD be used to provide an application-layer
    tunnel.  The ability to authenticate hosts during the creation of
    an application-layer tunnel MUST be provided by the mechanism
    chosen to create such tunnels.  A firewall may therefore be
    configured to authenticate all hosts attempting to tunnel into the
    protected network.  If the TUNNEL profile is used, SASL (see
    Section 4.1 of [4]) MUST be offered as a mechanism by which hosts
    can be authenticated.

5.3. Mutual Authentication

 "The [protocol] MUST support mutual authentication of the analyzer
 and the manager to each other."  See Section 5.3 of [5].
    IDXP supports mutual authentication of the peers through the use
    of an appropriate underlying BEEP security profile.  The TLS
    profile and members of the SASL family of profiles (see Section
    4.1 of [4]) are examples of security profiles that may be used to
    authenticate the identity of communicating ID components.  TLS
    MUST be offered as a mechanism to provide mutual authentication,
    and TLS SHOULD be used to provide mutual authentication.

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 16] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

5.4. Message Confidentiality

 "The [protocol] MUST support confidentiality of the message content
 during message exchange.  The selected design MUST be capable of
 supporting a variety of encryption algorithms and MUST be adaptable
 to a wide variety of environments."  See Section 5.4 of [5].
    IDXP supports confidentiality through the use of an appropriate
    underlying BEEP security profile.  The TLS profile is an example
    of a security profile that offers confidentiality.  The TLS
    profile with the TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA cipher suite
    MUST be offered as a mechanism to provide confidentiality, and TLS
    with this cipher suite SHOULD be used to provide confidentiality.
    The TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA cipher suite uses ephemeral
    Diffie-Hellman (DHE) with DSS signatures for key exchange and
    triple DES (Data Encryption Standard) (3DES) and cipher-block
    chaining (CBC) for encryption.  Stronger cipher suites are
    optional.

5.5. Message Integrity

 "The [protocol] MUST ensure the integrity of the message content.
 The selected design MUST be capable of supporting a variety of
 integrity mechanisms and MUST be adaptable to a wide variety of
 environments."  See Section 5.5 of [5].
    IDXP supports message integrity through the use of an appropriate
    underlying BEEP security profile.  The TLS profile and members of
    the SASL family of profiles (see Section 4.1 of [4]) are examples
    of security profiles that offer message integrity.  The TLS
    profile with the TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA cipher suite
    MUST be offered as a mechanism to provide integrity, and TLS with
    this cipher suite SHOULD be used to provide integrity.  The
    TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA cipher suite uses the Secure
    Hash Algorithm (SHA) for integrity protection using a keyed
    message authentication code.  Stronger cipher suites are optional.

5.6. Per-Source Authentication

 "The [protocol] MUST support separate authentication keys for each
 sender."  See Section 5.6 of [5].
    IDXP supports separate authentication keys for each sender (i.e.,
    per-source authentication) through the use of an appropriate
    underlying BEEP security profile.  The TLS profile is an example
    of a security profile that supports per-source authentication
    through the mutual authentication of public-key certificates.  TLS
    MUST be offered as a mechanism to provide per-source

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 17] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

    authentication, and TLS SHOULD be used to provide per-source
    authentication.

5.7. Denial of Service

 "The [protocol] SHOULD resist protocol denial-of-service attacks."
 See Section 5.7 of [5].
    IDXP supports resistance to denial of service (DoS) attacks
    through the use of an appropriate underlying BEEP security
    profile.  BEEP peers offering the IDXP profile MUST offer the use
    of TLS with the TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA cipher suite,
    and SHOULD use TLS with that cipher suite.  To resist DoS attacks
    it is helpful to discard traffic arising from a non-authenticated
    source.  BEEP peers MUST support the use of authentication in
    conjunction with any mechanism used to create application-layer
    tunnels.  In particular, the use of some form of SASL
    authentication (see Section 4.1 of [4]) MUST be offered to provide
    authentication in the use of the TUNNEL profile.  See Section 7 of
    [3] for a discussion of security considerations in the use of the
    TUNNEL profile.

5.8. Message Duplication

 "The [protocol] SHOULD resist malicious duplication of messages."
 See Section 5.8 of [5].
    IDXP supports resistance to malicious duplication of messages
    (i.e., replay attacks) through the use of an appropriate
    underlying BEEP security profile.  The TLS profile is an example
    of a security profile offering resistance to replay attacks.  The
    TLS profile with the TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA cipher
    suite MUST be offered as a mechanism to provide resistance against
    replay attacks, and TLS with this cipher suite SHOULD be used to
    provide resistance against replay attacks.  The
    TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA cipher suite uses cipher-block
    chaining (CBC) to ensure that even if a message is duplicated the
    cipher-text duplicate will produce a very different plain-text
    result.  Stronger cipher suites are optional.

6. Extending IDXP

 The specification of IDXP options (see Section 4) is the preferred
 method of extending IDXP.  In order to extend IDXP, an IDXP option
 SHOULD be documented in an RFC and MUST be registered with the IANA
 (see Section 7).  IDXP extensions that cannot be expressed as IDXP
 options MUST be documented in an RFC.

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 18] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

7. IDXP Option Registration Template

 When an IDXP option is registered, the following information is
 supplied:
 Option Identification: specify the NMTOKEN or the URI that
 authoritatively identifies this option.
 Contains: specify the XML content that is contained within the
 "Option" element.
 Processing Rules: specify the processing rules associated with the
 option.
 Contact Information: specify the postal and electronic contact
 information for the author(s) of the option.

8. Initial Registrations

8.1. Registration: The IDXP Profile

 Profile identification: http://idxp.org/beep/profile
 Messages exchanged during channel creation: "IDXP-Greeting"
 Messages starting one-to-one exchanges: "IDXP-Greeting", "IDMEF-
 Message"
 Messages in positive replies: "ok"
 Messages in negative replies: "error"
 Messages in one-to-many exchanges: none
 Message syntax: see Section 3.3
 Message semantics: see Section 3.4
 Contact information: see the "Authors' Addresses" section of this
 memo

8.2. Registration: The System (Well-Known) TCP Port Number for IDXP

 Protocol Number: 603
 Message Formats, Types, Opcodes, and Sequences: see Section 3.3
 Functions: see Section 3.4

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 19] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

 Use of Broadcast/Multicast: none
 Proposed Name: Intrusion Detection Exchange Protocol
 Short name: idxp
 Contact Information: see the "Authors' Addresses" section of this
 memo

8.3. Registration: The channelPriority Option

 Option Identification: channelPriority
 Contains: channelPriority (see Section 9.2)
 Processing Rules: see Section 4.1
 Contact Information: see the "Authors' Addresses" section of this
 memo

8.4. Registration: The streamType Option

 Option Identification: streamType
 Contains: streamType (see Section 9.3)
 Processing Rules: see Section 4.2
 Contact Information: see the "Authors' Addresses" section of this
 memo

9. The DTDs

9.1. The IDXP DTD

 The following is the DTD defining the valid elements for the IDXP
 profile.
   <!--
   DTD for the IDXP Profile
   Refer to this DTD as:
     <!ENTITY % IDXP PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD RFC 4767 IDXP v1.0//EN">
     %IDXP;
   -->

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 20] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

   <!-- Includes -->
     <!ENTITY % BEEP PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BEEP//EN">
     %BEEP;
     <!ENTITY % IDMEF-Message PUBLIC
                               "-//IETF//DTD RFC 4765 IDMEF v1.0//EN">
     %IDMEF;
   <!--
     Profile Summary
       BEEP profile http://idxp.org/beep/profile
       role       MSG               RPY      ERR
       ====       ===               ===      ===
       I or L     IDXP-Greeting     ok       error
       C          IDMEF-Message     ok       error
   -->
   <!--
     Entity Definitions
           entity        syntax/reference     example
           ======        ================     =======
       an authoritative identification
           URI           see RFC 3986 [6]     http://example.com
       a fully qualified domain name
           FQDN          see RFC 1034 [9]     www.example.com
   -->
   <!ENTITY % URI      "CDATA">
   <!ENTITY % FQDN     "CDATA">
   <!--
     The IDXP-Greeting element declares the role and identity of
     the peer issuing it, on a per-channel basis. The
     IDXP-Greeting element may contain one or more Option
     sub-elements.
   -->

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 21] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

 <!ELEMENT IDXP-Greeting  (Option*)>
 <!ATTLIST IDXP-Greeting
           uri            %URI;                #REQUIRED
           role           (client|server)      #REQUIRED
           fqdn           %FQDN;               #IMPLIED>
   <!--
     The Option element conveys an IDXP channel option.
     Note that the %LOCS entity is imported from the BEEP Channel
     Management DTD.
   -->
 <!ELEMENT Option (ANY)>
 <!ATTLIST Option
           internal       NMTOKEN              ""
           external       %URI;                ""
           mustUnderstand (true|false)         "false"
           localize       %LOCS;               "i-default">
   <!--
     The IDMEF-Message element conveys the intrusion detection
     information that is exchanged.  This element is defined in the
     idmef-message.dtd
   -->
 <!-- End of DTD -->

9.2. The channelPriority Option DTD

 The following is the DTD defining the valid elements for the
 channelPriority option.
   <!--
   DTD for the channelPriority IDXP option, as of 2002-01-08
   Refer to this DTD as:
     <!ENTITY % IDXP-channelPriority PUBLIC
       "-//IETF//DTD RFC 4767 IDXP-channelPriority v1.0//EN">
     %IDXP-channelPriority;
   -->
   <!--
     Entity Definitions
           entity        syntax/reference     example
           ======        ================     =======

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 22] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

     a priority number
           PRIORITY      0..2147483647        1
   -->
 <!ENTITY % PRIORITY          "CDATA">
 <!ELEMENT channelPriority    EMPTY>
 <!ATTLIST channelPriority
           priority           %PRIORITY    #REQUIRED>
 <!-- End of DTD -->

9.3. The streamType DTD

 The following is the DTD defining the valid elements for the
 streamType option.
   <!--
   DTD for the streamType IDXP option, as of 2002-01-08
   Refer to this DTD as:
     <!ENTITY % IDXP-streamType PUBLIC
       "-//IETF//DTD RFC 4767 IDXP-streamType v1.0//EN">
     %IDXP-streamType;
   -->
   <!--
     Entity Definitions
           entity        syntax/reference                example
           ======        ================                =======
      a stream type
           STYPE         (alert | heartbeat | config)    "alert"
   -->
 <!ENTITY % STYPE        (alert|heartbeat|config)>
 <!ELEMENT streamType    EMPTY>
 <!ATTLIST streamType
           type          %STYPE    #REQUIRED>
 <!-- End of DTD -->

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 23] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

10. Reply Codes

 This section lists the three-digit error codes the IDXP profile may
 generate.
 code    meaning
 ====    =======
 421     Service not available
         (e.g., the peer does not have sufficient resources)
 450     Requested action not taken
         (e.g., DNS lookup failed or connection could not
          be established.  See also 550.)
 454     Temporary authentication failure
 500     General syntax error
         (e.g., poorly-formed XML)
 501     Syntax error in parameters
         (e.g., non-valid XML)
 504     Parameter not implemented
 530     Authentication required
 534     Authentication mechanism insufficient
         (e.g., cipher suite too weak, sequence exhausted)
 535     Authentication failure
 537     Action not authorized for user
 550     Requested action not taken
         (e.g., peer could be contacted, but
          malformed greeting or no IDXP profile advertised)
 553     Parameter invalid
 554     Transaction failed
         (e.g., policy violation)

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 24] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

11. Security Considerations

 The IDXP profile is a profile of BEEP.  In BEEP, transport security,
 user authentication, and data exchange are orthogonal.  Refer to
 Section 9 of [4] for a discussion of this.  It is strongly
 recommended that those wanting to use the IDXP profile initially
 negotiate a BEEP security profile between the peers that offers the
 required security properties.  The TLS profile SHOULD be used to
 provide for transport security.  See Section 5 for a discussion of
 how IDXP fulfills the IDWG communications protocol requirements.
 See Section 2.4 for a discussion of the trust model.

11.1. Use of the TUNNEL Profile

 See Section 5 for IDXP's requirements on application-layer tunneling
 and the TUNNEL profile specifically.  See Section 7 of [3] for a
 discussion of the security considerations inherent in the use of the
 TUNNEL profile.

11.2. Use of Underlying Security Profiles

 At present, the TLS profile is the only BEEP security profile known
 to meet all of the requirements set forth in Section 5 of [5].  When
 securing a BEEP session with the TLS profile, the
 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA cipher suite offers an acceptable
 level of security.  See Section 5 for a discussion of how IDXP
 fulfills the IDWG communications requirements through the use of an
 underlying security profile.

12. IANA Considerations

 The IANA registered "idxp" as a TCP port number as specified in
 Section 8.2.
 The IANA maintains a list of:
    IDXP options, see Section 7.
 For this list, the IESG is responsible for assigning a designated
 expert to review the specification prior to the IANA making the
 assignment.  As a courtesy to developers of non-standards track IDXP
 options, the mailing list idxp-discuss@lists.idxp.org may be used to
 solicit commentary.
 IANA made the registrations specified in Sections 8.3 and 8.4.

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 25] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

13. References

13.1. Normative References

 [1]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
      Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
 [2]  Debar, H., Curry, D., and B. Feinstein, "The Intrusion Detection
      Message Exchange Format (IDMEF)", RFC 4765, March 2007.
 [3]  New, D., "The TUNNEL Profile", RFC 3620, October 2003.
 [4]  Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core", RFC
      3080, March 2001.
 [5]  Wood, M. and M. Erlinger, "Intrusion Detection Message Exchange
      Requirements", RFC 4766, March 2007.

13.2. Informative References

 [6]  Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
      Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66, RFC 3986,
      January 2005.
 [7]  Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. and E. Maler,
      "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (2nd ed)", W3C REC-xml,
      October 2000, <http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml>.
 [8]  Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
      Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types", RFC 2046, November
      1996.
 [9]  Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities", STD
      13, RFC 1034, November 1987.

14. Acknowledgements

 The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Darren New,
 Marshall T. Rose, Roy Pollock, Tim Buchheim, Mike Erlinger, John C.
 C. White, and Paul Osterwald.

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 26] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

Authors' Addresses

 Benjamin S. Feinstein
 SecureWorks, Inc.
 PO Box 95007
 Atlanta, GA 30347
 US
 Phone: +1 404 327-6339
 Email: bfeinstein@acm.org
 URI:   http://www.secureworks.com/
 Gregory A. Matthews
 CSC/NASA Ames Research Center
 EMail: gmatthew@nas.nasa.gov
 URI:   http://www.nas.nasa.gov/

Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 27] RFC 4767 IDXP March 2007

Full Copyright Statement

 Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).
 This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
 contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
 retain all their rights.
 This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
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Acknowledgement

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Feinstein & Matthews Experimental [Page 28]

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