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rfc:rfc4749

Network Working Group A. Sollaud Request for Comments: 4749 France Telecom Category: Standards Track October 2006

           RTP Payload Format for the G.729.1 Audio Codec

Status of this Memo

 This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
 Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
 improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
 Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
 and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).

Abstract

 This document specifies a Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) payload
 format to be used for the International Telecommunication Union
 (ITU-T) G.729.1 audio codec.  A media type registration is included
 for this payload format.

Table of Contents

 1. Introduction ....................................................2
 2. Background ......................................................2
 3. Embedded Bit Rates Considerations ...............................3
 4. RTP Header Usage ................................................3
 5. Payload Format ..................................................4
    5.1. Payload Structure ..........................................4
    5.2. Payload Header: MBS Field ..................................4
    5.3. Payload Header: FT Field ...................................6
    5.4. Audio Data .................................................6
 6. Payload Format Parameters .......................................7
    6.1. Media Type Registration ....................................7
    6.2. Mapping to SDP Parameters ..................................8
         6.2.1. Offer-Answer Model Considerations ...................9
         6.2.2. Declarative SDP Considerations .....................11
 7. Congestion Control .............................................11
 8. Security Considerations ........................................11
 9. IANA Considerations ............................................12
 10. References ....................................................12
    10.1. Normative References .....................................12
    10.2. Informative References ...................................12

Sollaud Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 4749 RTP Payload Format for G.729.1 October 2006

1. Introduction

 The International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) recommendation
 G.729.1 [1] is a scalable and wideband extension of the
 recommendation G.729 [9] audio codec.  This document specifies the
 payload format for packetization of G.729.1 encoded audio signals
 into the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP).
 The payload format itself is described in Section 5.  A media type
 registration and the details for the use of G.729.1 with SDP are
 given in Section 6.
 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT","RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
 document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [2].

2. Background

 G.729.1 is an 8-32 kbps scalable wideband (50-7000 Hz) speech and
 audio coding algorithm interoperable with G.729, G.729 Annex A, and
 G.729 Annex B.  It provides a standardized solution for packetized
 voice applications that allows a smooth transition from narrowband to
 wideband telephony.
 The most important services addressed are IP telephony and
 videoconferencing, either for enterprise corporate networks or for
 mass market (like Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) emulation
 over DSL or wireless access).  Target devices can be IP phones or
 other VoIP handsets, home gateways, media gateways, IP Private Branch
 Exchange (IPBX), trunking equipment, voice messaging servers, etc.
 For all those applications, the scalability feature allows tuning the
 bit rate versus quality trade-off, possibly in a dynamic way during a
 session, taking into account service requirements and network
 transport constraints.
 The G.729.1 coder produces an embedded bitstream structured in 12
 layers corresponding to 12 available bit rates between 8 and 32 kbps.
 The first layer, at 8 kbps, is called the core layer and is bitstream
 compatible with the ITU-T G.729/G.729A coder.  At 12 kbps, a second
 layer improves the narrowband quality.  Upper layers provide wideband
 audio (50-7000 Hz) between 14 and 32 kbps, with a 2 kbps granularity
 allowing graceful quality improvements.  Only the core layer is
 mandatory to decode understandable speech; upper layers provide
 quality enhancement and wideband enlargement.

Sollaud Standards Track [Page 2] RFC 4749 RTP Payload Format for G.729.1 October 2006

 The codec operates on 20-ms frames, and the default sampling rate is
 16 kHz.  Input and output at 8 kHz are also supported, at all bit
 rates.

3. Embedded Bit Rates Considerations

 The embedded property of G.729.1 streams provides a mechanism to
 adjust the bandwidth demand.  At any time, a sender can change its
 sending bit rate without external signalling, and the receiver will
 be able to properly decode the frames.  It may help to control
 congestion, since the bandwidth can be adjusted by selecting another
 bit rate.
 The ability to adjust the bandwidth may also help when having a fixed
 bandwidth link dedicated to voice calls, for example in a residential
 or trunking gateway.  In that case, the system can change the bit
 rates depending on the number of simultaneous calls.  This will only
 impact the sending bandwidth.  In order to adjust the receiving
 bandwidth as well, we introduce an in-band signalling to request the
 other party to change its own sending bit rate.  This in-band request
 is called MBS, for Maximum Bit rate Supported.  It is described in
 Section 5.2.  Note that it is only useful for two-way unicast G.729.1
 traffic, because when A sends an in-band MBS to B in order to request
 that B modify its sending bit rate, it concerns the stream from B to
 A.  If there is no G.729.1 stream in the reverse direction, the MBS
 will have no effect.

4. RTP Header Usage

 The format of the RTP header is specified in RFC 3550 [3].  This
 payload format uses the fields of the header in a manner consistent
 with that specification.
 The RTP timestamp clock frequency is the same as the default sampling
 frequency: 16 kHz.
 G.729.1 has also the capability to operate with 8 kHz sampled input/
 output signals at all bit rates.  It does not affect the bitstream,
 and the decoder does not require a priori knowledge about the
 sampling rate of the original signal at the input of the encoder.
 Therefore, depending on the implementation and the audio acoustic
 capabilities of the devices, the input of the encoder and/or the
 output of the decoder can be configured at 8 kHz; however, a 16 kHz
 RTP clock rate MUST always be used.
 The duration of one frame is 20 ms, corresponding to 320 samples at
 16 kHz.  Thus the timestamp is increased by 320 for each consecutive
 frame.

Sollaud Standards Track [Page 3] RFC 4749 RTP Payload Format for G.729.1 October 2006

 The M bit MUST be set to zero in all packets.
 The assignment of an RTP payload type for this packet format is
 outside the scope of the document, and will not be specified here.
 It is expected that the RTP profile under which this payload format
 is being used will assign a payload type for this codec or specify
 that the payload type is to be bound dynamically (see Section 6.2).

5. Payload Format

5.1. Payload Structure

 The complete payload consists of a payload header of 1 octet,
 followed by zero or more consecutive audio frames at the same bit
 rate.
 The payload header consists of two fields: MBS (see Section 5.2) and
 FT (see Section 5.3).
    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |  MBS  |   FT  |                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                                               +
   :                zero or more frames at the same bit rate       :
   :                                                               :
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

5.2. Payload Header: MBS Field

 MBS (4 bits): maximum bit rate supported.  Indicates a maximum bit
 rate to the encoder at the site of the receiver of this payload.  The
 value of the MBS field is set according to the following table:

Sollaud Standards Track [Page 4] RFC 4749 RTP Payload Format for G.729.1 October 2006

                       +-------+--------------+
                       |  MBS  | max bit rate |
                       +-------+--------------+
                       |   0   |    8 kbps    |
                       |   1   |    12 kbps   |
                       |   2   |    14 kbps   |
                       |   3   |    16 kbps   |
                       |   4   |    18 kbps   |
                       |   5   |    20 kbps   |
                       |   6   |    22 kbps   |
                       |   7   |    24 kbps   |
                       |   8   |    26 kbps   |
                       |   9   |    28 kbps   |
                       |   10  |    30 kbps   |
                       |   11  |    32 kbps   |
                       | 12-14 |  (reserved)  |
                       |   15  |    NO_MBS    |
                       +-------+--------------+
 The MBS is used to tell the other party the maximum bit rate one can
 receive.  The encoder MUST NOT exceed the sending rate indicated by
 the received MBS.  Note that, due to the embedded property of the
 coding scheme, the encoder can send frames at the MBS rate or any
 lower rate.  As long as it does not exceed the MBS, the encoder can
 change its bit rate at any time without previous notice.
 Note that the MBS is a codec bit rate; the actual network bit rate is
 higher and depends on the overhead of the underlying protocols.
 The MBS received is valid until the next MBS is received, i.e., a
 newly received MBS value overrides the previous one.
 If a payload with a reserved MBS value is received, the MBS MUST be
 ignored.
 The MBS field MUST be set to 15 for packets sent to a multicast group
 and MUST be ignored on packets received from a multicast group.
 The MBS field MUST be set to 15 in all packets when the actual MBS
 value is sent through non-RTP means.  This is out of the scope of
 this specification.
 See Sections 3 and 7 for more details on the use of MBS for
 congestion control.

Sollaud Standards Track [Page 5] RFC 4749 RTP Payload Format for G.729.1 October 2006

5.3. Payload Header: FT Field

 FT (4 bits): Frame type of the frame(s) in this packet, as per the
 following table:
                +-------+---------------+------------+
                |   FT  | encoding rate | frame size |
                +-------+---------------+------------+
                |   0   |     8 kbps    |  20 octets |
                |   1   |    12 kbps    |  30 octets |
                |   2   |    14 kbps    |  35 octets |
                |   3   |    16 kbps    |  40 octets |
                |   4   |    18 kbps    |  45 octets |
                |   5   |    20 kbps    |  50 octets |
                |   6   |    22 kbps    |  55 octets |
                |   7   |    24 kbps    |  60 octets |
                |   8   |    26 kbps    |  65 octets |
                |   9   |    28 kbps    |  70 octets |
                |   10  |    30 kbps    |  75 octets |
                |   11  |    32 kbps    |  80 octets |
                | 12-14 |   (reserved)  |            |
                |   15  |    NO_DATA    |      0     |
                +-------+---------------+------------+
 The FT value 15 (NO_DATA) indicates that there is no audio data in
 the payload.  This MAY be used to update the MBS value when there is
 no audio frame to transmit.  The payload will then be reduced to the
 payload header.
 If a payload with a reserved FT value is received, the whole payload
 MUST be ignored.

5.4. Audio Data

 Audio data of a payload contains one or more consecutive audio frames
 at the same bit rate.  The audio frames are packed in order of time,
 that is, oldest first.
 The size of one frame is given by the FT field, as per the table in
 Section 5.3, and the actual number of frames is easy to infer from
 the size of the audio data part:
    nb_frames = (size_of_audio_data) / (size_of_one_frame).
 Only full frames must be considered.  So if there is a remainder to
 the division above, the corresponding remaining bytes in the received
 payload MUST be ignored.

Sollaud Standards Track [Page 6] RFC 4749 RTP Payload Format for G.729.1 October 2006

 Note that if FT=15, there will be no audio frame in the payload.

6. Payload Format Parameters

 This section defines the parameters that may be used to configure
 optional features in the G.729.1 RTP transmission.
 The parameters are defined here as part of the media subtype
 registration for the G.729.1 codec.  A mapping of the parameters into
 the Session Description Protocol (SDP) [5] is also provided for those
 applications that use SDP.  In control protocols that do not use MIME
 or SDP, the media type parameters must be mapped to the appropriate
 format used with that control protocol.

6.1. Media Type Registration

 This registration is done using the template defined in RFC 4288 [6]
 and following RFC 3555 [7].
 Type name: audio
 Subtype name: G7291
 Required parameters: none
 Optional parameters:
 maxbitrate:  the absolute maximum codec bit rate for the session, in
    bits per second.  Permissible values are 8000, 12000, 14000,
    16000, 18000, 20000, 22000, 24000, 26000, 28000, 30000, and 32000.
    32000 is implied if this parameter is omitted.  The maxbitrate
    restricts the range of bit rates which can be used.  The bit rates
    indicated by FT and MBS fields in the RTP packets MUST NOT exceed
    maxbitrate.
 mbs:  the current maximum codec bit rate supported as a receiver, in
    bits per second.  Permissible values are in the same set as for
    the maxbitrate parameter, with the constraint that mbs MUST be
    lower or equal to maxbitrate.  If the mbs parameter is omitted, it
    is set to the maxbitrate value.  So if both mbs and maxbitrate are
    omitted, they are both set to 32000.  The mbs parameter
    corresponds to a MBS value in the RTP packets as per table in
    Section 5.2 of RFC 4749.  Note that this parameter may be
    dynamically updated by the MBS field of the RTP packets sent; it
    is not an absolute value for the session.
 ptime:  the recommended length of time (in milliseconds) represented
    by the media in a packet.  See Section 6 of RFC 4566 [5].

Sollaud Standards Track [Page 7] RFC 4749 RTP Payload Format for G.729.1 October 2006

 maxptime:  the maximum length of time (in milliseconds) that can be
    encapsulated in a packet.  See Section 6 of RFC 4566 [5]
 Encoding considerations: This media type is framed and contains
    binary data; see Section 4.8 of RFC 4288 [6].
 Security considerations: See Section 8 of RFC 4749
 Interoperability considerations: none
 Published specification: RFC 4749
 Applications which use this media type: Audio and video conferencing
    tools.
 Additional information: none
 Person & email address to contact for further information:
    Aurelien Sollaud, aurelien.sollaud@orange-ftgroup.com
 Intended usage: COMMON
 Restrictions on usage: This media type depends on RTP framing, and
    hence is only defined for transfer via RTP [3].
 Author: Aurelien Sollaud
 Change controller: IETF Audio/Video Transport working group delegated
    from the IESG

6.2. Mapping to SDP Parameters

 The information carried in the media type specification has a
 specific mapping to fields in the Session Description Protocol (SDP)
 [5], which is commonly used to describe RTP sessions.  When SDP is
 used to specify sessions employing the G.729.1 codec, the mapping is
 as follows:
 o  The media type ("audio") goes in SDP "m=" as the media name.
 o  The media subtype ("G7291") goes in SDP "a=rtpmap" as the encoding
    name.  The RTP clock rate in "a=rtpmap" MUST be 16000 for G.729.1.
 o  The parameters "ptime" and "maxptime" go in the SDP "a=ptime" and
    "a=maxptime" attributes, respectively.

Sollaud Standards Track [Page 8] RFC 4749 RTP Payload Format for G.729.1 October 2006

 o  Any remaining parameters go in the SDP "a=fmtp" attribute by
    copying them directly from the media type string as a semicolon
    separated list of parameter=value pairs.
 Some example SDP session descriptions utilizing G.729.1 encodings
 follow.
 Example 1: default parameters
    m=audio 53146 RTP/AVP 98
    a=rtpmap:98 G7291/16000
 Example 2: recommended packet duration of 40 ms (=2 frames), maximum
 bit rate is 12 kbps, and initial MBS set to 8 kbps.  It could be a
 loaded PSTN gateway which can operate at 12 kbps but asks to
 initially reduce the bit rate to 8 kbps.
    m=audio 51258 RTP/AVP 99
    a=rtpmap:99 G7291/16000
    a=fmtp:99 maxbitrate=12000; mbs=8000
    a=ptime:40

6.2.1. Offer-Answer Model Considerations

 The following considerations apply when using SDP offer-answer
 procedures [8] to negotiate the use of G.729.1 payload in RTP:
 o  Since G.729.1 is an extension of G.729, the offerer SHOULD
    announce G.729 support in its "m=audio" line, with G.729.1
    preferred.  This will allow interoperability with both G.729.1 and
    G.729-only capable parties.
    Below is an example of such an offer:
       m=audio 55954 RTP/AVP 98 18
       a=rtpmap:98 G7291/16000
       a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
    If the answerer supports G.729.1, it will keep the payload type 98
    in its answer, and the conversation will be done using G.729.1.
    Else, if the answerer supports only G.729, it will leave only the
    payload type 18 in its answer, and the conversation will be done
    using G.729 (the payload format for G.729 is defined in Section
    4.5.6 of RFC 3551 [4]).

Sollaud Standards Track [Page 9] RFC 4749 RTP Payload Format for G.729.1 October 2006

    Note that when used at 8 kbps in G.729-compatible mode, the
    G.729.1 decoder supports G.729 Annex B.  Therefore, Annex B can be
    advertised (by default, annexb=yes for G729 media type; see
    Section 4.1.9 of RFC 3555 [7]).
 o  The "maxbitrate" parameter is bi-directional.  If the offerer sets
    a maxbitrate value, the answerer MUST reply with a smaller or
    equal value.  The actual maximum bit rate for the session will be
    the minimum.
 o  If the received value for "maxbitrate" is between 8000 and 32000
    but not in the permissible values set, it SHOULD be read as the
    closest lower valid value.  If the received value is lower than
    8000 or greater than 32000, the session MUST be rejected.
 o  The "mbs" parameter is not symmetric.  Values in the offer and the
    answer are independent and take into account local constraints.
    One party MUST NOT start sending frames at a bit rate higher than
    the "mbs" of the other party.  The parameter allows announcing
    this value, prior to the sending of any packet, to prevent the
    remote sender from exceeding the MBS at the beginning of the
    session.
 o  If the received value for "mbs" is greater or equal to 8000 but
    not in the permissible values set, it SHOULD be read as the
    closest lower valid value.  If the received value is lower than
    8000, the session MUST be rejected.
 o  The parameters "ptime" and "maxptime" will in most cases not
    affect interoperability.  The SDP offer-answer handling of the
    "ptime" parameter is described in RFC 3264 [8].  The "maxptime"
    parameter MUST be handled in the same way.
 o  Any unknown parameter in an offer MUST be ignored by the receiver
    and MUST NOT be included in the answer.
 Some special rules apply for mono-directional traffic:
 o  For sendonly streams, the "mbs" parameter is useless and SHOULD
    NOT be used.
 o  For recvonly streams, the "mbs" parameter is the only way to
    communicate the MBS to the sender, since there is no RTP stream
    towards it.  So to request a bit rate change, the receiver will
    need to use an out-of-band mechanism, like a SIP RE-INVITE.

Sollaud Standards Track [Page 10] RFC 4749 RTP Payload Format for G.729.1 October 2006

 Some special rules apply for multicast:
 o  The "mbs" parameter MUST NOT be used.
 o  The "maxbitrate" parameter becomes declarative and MUST NOT be
    negotiated.  This parameter is fixed, and a participant MUST use
    the configuration that is provided for the session.

6.2.2. Declarative SDP Considerations

 For declarative use of SDP such as in SAP [10] and RTSP [11], the
 following considerations apply:
 o  The "mbs" parameter MUST NOT be used.
 o  The "maxbitrate" parameter is declarative and provides the
    parameter that SHALL be used when receiving and/or sending the
    configured stream.

7. Congestion Control

 Congestion control for RTP SHALL be used in accordance with RFC 3550
 [3] and any appropriate profile (for example, RFC 3551 [4]).  The
 embedded and variable bit rates capability of G.729.1 provides a
 mechanism that may help to control congestion; see Section 3 for more
 details.
 The number of frames encapsulated in each RTP payload influences the
 overall bandwidth of the RTP stream, due to the header overhead.
 Packing more frames in each RTP payload can reduce the number of
 packets sent and hence the header overhead, at the expense of
 increased delay and reduced error robustness.

8. Security Considerations

 RTP packets using the payload format defined in this specification
 are subject to the general security considerations discussed in the
 RTP specification [3] and any appropriate profile (for example, RFC
 3551 [4]).
 As this format transports encoded speech/audio, the main security
 issues include confidentiality, integrity protection, and
 authentication of the speech/audio itself.  The payload format itself
 does not have any built-in security mechanisms.  Any suitable
 external mechanisms, such as SRTP [12], MAY be used.

Sollaud Standards Track [Page 11] RFC 4749 RTP Payload Format for G.729.1 October 2006

 This payload format and the G.729.1 encoding do not exhibit any
 significant non-uniformity in the receiver-end computational load and
 thus are unlikely to pose a denial-of-service threat due to the
 receipt of pathological datagrams.

9. IANA Considerations

 IANA has registered audio/G7291 as a media subtype; see Section 6.1.

10. References

10.1. Normative References

 [1]  International Telecommunications Union, "G.729 based Embedded
      Variable bit-rate coder: An 8-32 kbit/s scalable wideband coder
      bitstream interoperable with G.729", ITU-T Recommendation
      G.729.1, May 2006.
 [2]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
      Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
 [3]  Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V. Jacobson,
      "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications", STD 64,
      RFC 3550, July 2003.
 [4]  Schulzrinne, H. and S. Casner, "RTP Profile for Audio and Video
      Conferences with Minimal Control", STD 65, RFC 3551, July 2003.
 [5]  Handley, M., Jacobson, V., and C. Perkins, "SDP: Session
      Description Protocol", RFC 4566, July 2006.
 [6]  Freed, N. and J. Klensin, "Media Type Specifications and
      Registration Procedures", BCP 13, RFC 4288, December 2005.
 [7]  Casner, S. and P. Hoschka, "MIME Type Registration of RTP
      Payload Formats", RFC 3555, July 2003.
 [8]  Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "An Offer/Answer Model with
      Session Description Protocol (SDP)", RFC 3264, June 2002.

10.2. Informative References

 [9]  International Telecommunications Union, "Coding of speech at 8
      kbit/s using conjugate-structure algebraic-code-excited linear-
      prediction (CS-ACELP)", ITU-T Recommendation G.729, March 1996.
 [10] Handley, M., Perkins, C., and E. Whelan, "Session Announcement
      Protocol", RFC 2974, October 2000.

Sollaud Standards Track [Page 12] RFC 4749 RTP Payload Format for G.729.1 October 2006

 [11] Schulzrinne, H., Rao, A., and R. Lanphier, "Real Time Streaming
      Protocol (RTSP)", RFC 2326, April 1998.
 [12] Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K.
      Norrman, "The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP)",
      RFC 3711, March 2004.

Author's Address

 Aurelien Sollaud
 France Telecom
 2 avenue Pierre Marzin
 Lannion Cedex  22307
 France
 Phone: +33 2 96 05 15 06
 EMail: aurelien.sollaud@orange-ftgroup.com

Sollaud Standards Track [Page 13] RFC 4749 RTP Payload Format for G.729.1 October 2006

Full Copyright Statement

 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
 This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
 contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
 retain all their rights.
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Sollaud Standards Track [Page 14]

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