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rfc:rfc3745

Network Working Group D. Singer Request for Comments: 3745 Apple Computer Category: Standards Track R. Clark

                                                           Elysium Ltd
                                                                D. Lee
                                                            Yahoo Inc.
                                                            April 2004
       MIME Type Registrations for JPEG 2000 (ISO/IEC 15444)

Status of this Memo

 This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
 Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
 improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
 Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
 and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004).  All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

 This document serves to register and document the standard MIME types
 associated with the ISO/IEC 15444 standards, commonly known as JPEG
 2000 (Joint Photographic Experts Group).

1. Introduction

 This document describes the registration of the MIME [MIME1] sub-
 types image/jp2, video/mj2, image/jpx, and image/jpm.  The image
 encoding is defined by [ISO-JPEG2000-1].
 The still image file format to which this document refers is defined
 in Annex I of [ISO-JPEG2000-1].  Note that a file format is optional
 in [ISO-JPEG2000-1], but mandatory for the MIME sub-type.  This
 document is not related to the definition of the MIME sub-type
 image/jpeg, which is partly defined by [ISO-JPEG-1], and partly by
 the file format specification defined in [JFIF].
 JPEG 2000 is a new standard, intended to create a image coding system
 for many types of still images (bi-level, gray-level, color, multi-
 component) with different characteristics (natural images,
 scientific, medical, remote sensing, imagery, text, rendered
 graphics, etc.) allowing different imaging models (client/server,
 real-time transmission, image library archival, limited buffer and

Singer, et al. Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 3745 MIME Type Registrations for JPEG 2000 April 2004

 bandwidth resources, etc.) within a unified system.  This coding
 system is intended to provide low bit-rate operation with rate-
 distortion and subjective image quality performance superior to
 existing standards, without sacrificing performance at other points
 in the rate-distortion spectrum.
 This standard is intended to serve still image compression needs that
 are currently not served by the current JPEG standards [ISO-JPEG-1],
 [ISO-JPEG-2], [ISO-JPEG-3], and [ISO-JPEG-4], and is intended to
 compliment, not replace, the current JPEG standards.  JPEG 2000 is a
 modern wavelet-based codec that is expected to be widely used for
 still images.  Its use for motion sequences is expected to be similar
 to JPEG:  in those environments where only a single codec is
 required, and JPEG 2000 is available (e.g., digital still cameras
 recording short motion sequences) or where frame-by-frame coding is
 desired (no inter-frame coding).
 There is a standard file format for Motion JPEG 2000 sequences.  This
 file format permits the carriage of audio in addition to the video.
 The format is derived from the ISO Base Media File Format as defined
 in [ISO-JPEG2000-12].  The visual coder in a Motion JPEG 2000 file is
 JPEG 2000.  The Motion JPEG 2000 standard is specified in [ISO-
 JPEG2000-3].  The ISO Base Media File Format is jointly maintained by
 the ISO/IEC JPEG and MPEG committees.  The MP4 format is also derived
 from the ISO Base Media File Format.
 Therefore, to identify this restricted usage, a new mime type is
 desirable.
 This file type is intended always to contain a video sequence, though
 simple audio is permitted in addition to the video.  Therefore it
 falls correctly under the "video" branch of mime types.
 Also within WG1 of ISO there is an effort underway to define a
 standard file format for Compound Images.  This file format
 optionally supports other coding systems, in addition to JPEG 2000,
 as needed.

2. JPEG 2000 Definition

 JPEG 2000 is defined in detail in [ISO-JPEG2000-1].  The
 documentation can be obtained from any national standards body or
 from ISO at http://www.iso.ch.
 Information as to its latest status, and downloads of the initial
 documents and some supporting documentation are available through the
 JPEG committee's official Web site at http://www.jpeg.org.

Singer, et al. Standards Track [Page 2] RFC 3745 MIME Type Registrations for JPEG 2000 April 2004

 While a brief scope and feature description is provided in this
 section as background information, the reader is directed to the
 original JPEG 2000 specification [ISO-JPEG2000-1] to obtain complete
 feature and technical details.

2.1. JPEG 2000 Scope

 JPEG 2000 is used to compress image data that typically comes from
 digital cameras, scanners, frame grabbers, complex image capture
 devices such as medical or satellite systems, and paint- and photo-
 retouching programs.  Unlike previous JPEG standards, it includes
 information necessary to allow its use as a complete coding
 architecture.  [ISO-JPEG2000-1] defines a set of lossless (bit-
 preserving) and lossy compression methods for coding continuous-tone,
 bi-level, gray-scale, or colour digital still images.  It therefore:
  1. specifies decoding processes for converting compressed image data

to reconstructed image data;

  1. specifies a codestream syntax containing information for

interpreting the compressed image data;

  1. specifies a file format;
  1. provides guidance on encoding processes for converting source

image data to compressed image data;

  1. provides guidance on how to implement these processes in practice.
 [ISO-JPEG2000-1] is one of a series of standards which will cover the
 full range of facilities the new architecture is intended to offer.
 Approval has been given for JPEG to develop the following documents
 in addition to [ISO-JPEG2000-1].
  1. Part 2 - Coding extensions [ISO-JPEG2000-2]. This includes a more

comprehensive file format and other extensions to the definitions

    in [ISO-JPEG2000-1].  The mime sub-type image/jpx is recommended
    to describe files based on this Part, and a separate RFC is
    planned to describe this usage and its associated file extensions
    of jpf and jpx.
  1. Part 3 - Motion JPEG 2000 [ISO-JPEG2000-3]. This provides

definitions of how the standard may be extended for use in

    recording time series of JPEG 2000 images with associated metadata
    such as audio objects.  This document registers the mime sub-type
    video/mj2 for motion JPEG 2000, with associated file extensions
    mj2 and mjp2.

Singer, et al. Standards Track [Page 3] RFC 3745 MIME Type Registrations for JPEG 2000 April 2004

  1. Part 4 - Conformance [ISO-JPEG2000-4]. This deals with testing of

equipment and systems claimed to conform to the JPEG 2000

    standards.
  1. Part 5 - Reference software [ISO-JPEG2000-5]. This will provide

developers with a source of publicly available reference software.

    Its role is envisaged as similar in concept to that played by the
    Independent JPEG Group (IJG) in publicizing the current [ISO-
    JPEG-1] standard.
  1. Part 6 - Compound Image File Format [ISO-JPEG2000-6]. This

describes a file format used to store compound documents using

    JPEG 2000 compression.  These may contain scanned images,
    synthetic images or both.  This work is based on the multi-layer
    Mixed Raster Content (MRC) imaging model, defined in ITU-T T.44 |
    ISO 16485.  The mime sub-type image/jpm is recommended to describe
    files based on this Part.
  1. Part 7 - Has been withdrawn
  1. Part 8 - JPSEC (Security aspects) [ISO-JPEG2000-8]. This provides

standardised tools and solutions in terms of specifications in

    order to ensure the security of transaction, protection of
    contents (IPR), and protection of technologies (IP), and to allow
    applications to generate, consume, and exchange JPEG 2000 Secured
    bitstreams.
  1. Part 9 - JPIP (Interactive protocols) [ISO-JPEG2000-9]. This

client-server protocol has been designed to exploit JPEG 2000's

    flexibility with respect to random access, codestream reordering
    and incremental decoding in a networked environment.
  1. Part 10 - JP3D (Volumetric imaging) [ISO-JPEG2000-10]. This will

provide extensions of JPEG 2000 for logically rectangular 3-

    dimensional data sets with no time component.
  1. Part 11 - JPWL (Wireless applications) [ISO-JPEG2000-11]. This

extends the elements in [ISO-JPEG2000-1] with mechanisms for error

    protection and correction.
  1. Part 12 - ISO Base Media File Format [ISO-JPEG2000-12]. This is

the part of the file format used by JPEG 2000 which is common with

    that used within MPEG-4 [ISO-MPEG4].

Singer, et al. Standards Track [Page 4] RFC 3745 MIME Type Registrations for JPEG 2000 April 2004

2.2. JPEG 2000 Features

 Some of the features of JPEG 2000 include:
  1. JPEG 2000 is capable of describing bi-level, grayscale, palette-

color, and full-color image data in several color spaces.

  1. JPEG 2000 includes a number of compression schemes that allow

developers to choose the best space or time tradeoff for their

    applications.
  1. JPEG 2000 is designed to be extensible and to evolve gracefully as

new needs arise.

  1. JPEG 2000 allows the inclusion of an unlimited amount of private

or special-purpose information within the metadata of its file

    format.
  1. These are features that JPEG 2000 shares with the definition of

TIFF [RFC-TIFF]. In addition, JPEG 2000 offers:

  1. state of the art lossless and lossy compression, based on wavelet

technology, within a single codestream

  1. low bit-rate compression performance effective down to below 0.25

bits per pixel for high resolution gray-scale images

  1. large image handling (greater than 64k x 64k pixels) without

tiling

  1. single decompression architecture. The current JPEG standard

[ISO-JPEG-1] has 44 modes, many of which are application specific

    and not used by the majority of JPEG decoders.
  1. features to improve transmission in noisy environments, for

example mobile radio / telephony

  1. capability to handle both natural and computer generated imagery

3. Security Considerations

 JPEG 2000 utilizes a structure that can store image data, and
 metadata corresponding to this image data.  The fields defined in the
 JPEG 2000 standards are of a descriptive nature and provide
 information that may be useful to facilitate viewing, rendering and
 cataloging of images by a recipient.  As such, the fields currently
 defined in the JPEG 2000 standards do not in themselves create
 additional security risks, since the fields are not used to induce

Singer, et al. Standards Track [Page 5] RFC 3745 MIME Type Registrations for JPEG 2000 April 2004

 any particular behavior by the recipient application.  It should be
 noted that selected metadata fields may encompass information partly
 intended to protect the image against unauthorized use or
 distribution.  In this case the intention is that alteration or
 removal of the data in the field would be treated as an offense under
 national agreements based World Intellectual Property Organization
 (WIPO) treaties.
 JPEG 2000 has an extensible structure, so that it is theoretically
 possible that metadata fields could be defined in the future which
 could be used to induce particular actions on the part of the
 recipient, thus presenting additional security risks, but this type
 of capability is currently not supported in the referenced JPEG 2000
 specification.
 Encryption, signing, or authentication of these file formats can use
 mechanisms defined in [ISO-JPEG2000-8].

4. MIME Types

4.1. Still Image Registration

 The image/jp2 content-type refers to all of the profiles and
 extensions that build on JPEG 2000 [ISO-JPEG2000-1] encoded image
 data.  The file format is also defined in [ISO-JPEG2000-1], Annex I.
 The recommended file suffix is "jp2"
 To: ietf-types@iana.org
 Subject: Registration of Standard MIME media type image/jp2

MIME media type name: image MIME subtype name: jp2 Required parameters: none Optional parameters: none

                                 It is up to the implementation to
                                 determine the application (if
                                 necessary) and render the image to
                                 the user.

Encoding considerations: files are binary and should be

                                 transmitted in a suitable encoding
                                 without CR/LF conversion, 7-bit
                                 stripping etc.; base64 is a suitable
                                 encoding;

Security considerations: see above Interoperability considerations: The ability of implementations to

                                 handle all the defined applications
                                 (or profiles within applications) of
                                 JPEG 2000 may not be ubiquitous.  As

Singer, et al. Standards Track [Page 6] RFC 3745 MIME Type Registrations for JPEG 2000 April 2004

                                 a result, implementations may decode
                                 and attempt to display the encoded
                                 JPEG 2000 image data only to
                                 determine that the image cannot be
                                 rendered either partially or in full.

Published specification: ISO/IEC 15444-1 defines the JPEG 2000

                                 codec and the jp2 file format

Applications which use this media type: Imaging, fax, messaging and

                                 multi-media

Additional information: Magic number(s): 12 byte string: X'0000 000C 6A50 2020

                                 0D0A 870A' (for all JPEG-2000 family
                                 files)

File extension(s): jp2 and jpg2 are both declared at

                                 http://www.nist.gov/nics/; jp2 is
                                 preferred

Macintosh File Type Code(s): 'jp2 ' Person & email address to contact for further information:

                                 JPEG Webmaster - mimesupport@jpeg.org
                                 JPEG Convenor - convenor@jpeg.org
                                 JPEG2000 Editor - J2KEditor@jpeg.org

Intended usage: COMMON Change controller: JPEG Webmaster

4.2. Extended Still Image Registration

 The image/jpx content-type refers to all of the profiles and
 extensions that build on JPEG 2000 [ISO-JPEG2000-2] encoded image
 data.  The file format is also defined in [ISO-JPEG2000-2], Annex M.
 The recommended file suffix is "jpf"
 To: ietf-types@iana.org
 Subject: Registration of Standard MIME media type image/jpx

MIME media type name: image MIME subtype name: jpx Required parameters: none Optional parameters: none

                                 It is up to the implementation to
                                 determine the application (if
                                 necessary) and render the image to
                                 the user.

Encoding considerations: files are binary and should be

                                 transmitted in a suitable encoding
                                 without CR/LF conversion, 7-bit
                                 stripping etc.; base64 is a suitable
                                 encoding;

Security considerations: see above

Singer, et al. Standards Track [Page 7] RFC 3745 MIME Type Registrations for JPEG 2000 April 2004

Interoperability considerations: The ability of implementations to

                                 handle all the defined applications
                                 (or profiles within applications) of
                                 JPEG 2000 may not be ubiquitous.  As
                                 a result, implementations may decode
                                 and attempt to display the encoded
                                 JPEG 2000 image data only to
                                 determine that the image cannot be
                                 rendered either partially or in full.

Published specification: ISO/IEC 15444-2, JPEG 2000 Extensions Applications which use this media type: Imaging, fax, messaging and

                                 multi-media

Additional information: Magic number(s): 12 byte string: X'0000 000C 6A50 2020

                                 0D0A 870A' (for all JPEG-2000 family
                                 files)

File extension(s): jpf is declared at

                                 http://www.nist.gov/nics/. jpx is
                                 also an acceptable file extension,
                                 although it is not recommended for
                                 files on a desktop computer that are
                                 not directly associated with a MIME
                                 media type

Macintosh File Type Code(s): 'jpx ' Person & email address to contact for further information:

                                 JPEG Webmaster - mimesupport@jpeg.org
                                 JPEG Convenor - convenor@jpeg.org
                                 JPEG 2000 Editor - J2KEditor@jpeg.org

Intended usage: COMMON Change controller: JPEG Webmaster

4.3. Motion Registration

MIME media type name: video MIME subtype name: mj2

Required parameters: none Optional parameters: none Encoding considerations: files are binary and should be

                                 transmitted in a suitable encoding
                                 without CR/LF conversion, 7-bit
                                 stripping etc.; base64 is a suitable
                                 encoding;

Security considerations: see above Interoperability considerations: A number of interoperating

                                 implementations exist within the
                                 MPEG-4 community with the formats
                                 derived from the ISO Base Media File

Singer, et al. Standards Track [Page 8] RFC 3745 MIME Type Registrations for JPEG 2000 April 2004

                                 Format;  and that community has
                                 reference software for reading and
                                 writing the file format.  Reference
                                 software for MJP2 is also available.

Published specification: ISO/IEC 15444-3, Motion JPEG 2000 Applications: Multimedia Additional information:

Magic number(s): 12 byte string: X'0000 000C 6A50 2020

                                 0D0A 870A' (for all JPEG-2000 family
                                 files)

File extension(s): mj2 and mjp2 are both declared at

                                 http://www.nist.gov/nics/;  mj2 is
                                 preferred

Macintosh File Type Code(s): mjp2 is registered with Apple

Person to contact for info: David Singer, singer@apple.com

Intended usage: Common

Author/Change controller: David Singer, MJP2 file format editor

4.4. Compound Image Registration

 The image/jpm content-type refers to all of the profiles and
 extensions that build on JPEG 2000 [ISO-JPEG2000-1] encoded image
 data.  The file format is also defined in [ISO-JPEG2000-6].  The
 recommended file suffix is "jpm"
 To: ietf-types@iana.org
 Subject: Registration of Standard MIME media type image/jpm

MIME media type name: image MIME subtype name: jpm Required parameters: none Optional parameters: none

                                 It is up to the implementation to
                                 determine the application (if
                                 necessary) and render the image to
                                 the user.

Encoding considerations: files are binary and should be

                                 transmitted in a suitable encoding
                                 without CR/LF conversion, 7-bit
                                 stripping etc.; base64 is a suitable
                                 encoding;

Security considerations: see above

Singer, et al. Standards Track [Page 9] RFC 3745 MIME Type Registrations for JPEG 2000 April 2004

Interoperability considerations: A number of interoperating

                                 implementations are under development
                                 within the JPEG 2000 community.

Published specification: ISO/IEC 15444-6, JPEG 2000 Compound

                                 Image File Format

Applications: Imaging, fax, messaging, scanning Additional information: Magic number(s): 12 byte string: X'0000 000C 6A50 2020

                                 0D0A 870A' (for all JPEG-2000 family
                                 files)

File extension(s): jpm and jpgm are both declared at

                                 http://www.nist.gov/nics/; jpm is
                                 preferred

Macintosh File Type Code(s): 'jpm ' Person & email address to contact for further information:

                                 JPEG Webmaster - mimesupport@jpeg.org
                                 JPEG Convenor - convenor@jpeg.org
                                 JPEG 2000 Editor - J2KEditor@jpeg.org

Intended usage: COMMON Change controller: JPEG Webmaster

5. IANA Considerations

 This document registers the MIME types image/jp2, image/jpx,
 video/mj2, and image/jpm, defined above.

6. Acknowledgments

 This document has benefited greatly by contributions from many
 people, including Eric Edwards and Takahiro Fukuhara.  Their
 contribution is gratefully acknowledged.

6. References

6.1. Normative References

 [ISO-JPEG2000-1]  ITU-T Recommendation T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1.
                   International Organization for Standardization,
                   "JPEG 2000 Image Coding System: Core Coding
                   System".
 [ISO-JPEG2000-2]  International Organization for Standardization,
                   "JPEG 2000 Image Coding System: Extensions", IS
                   15444-2.
 [ISO-JPEG2000-3]  International Organization for Standardization,
                   "Motion JPEG 2000", IS 15444-3.

Singer, et al. Standards Track [Page 10] RFC 3745 MIME Type Registrations for JPEG 2000 April 2004

 [ISO-JPEG2000-6]  International Organization for Standardization,
                   "JPEG 2000 Image Coding System: Compound Image File
                   Format", IS 15444-6.
 [ISO-JPEG2000-12] International Organization for Standardization,
                   "JPEG 2000 Image Coding System: ISO base media file
                   format", IS 15444-12 (technically identical to
                   ISO/IEC 14496-12.
 [MIME1]           Freed, N. and n. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet
                   Mail Extensions [MIME] Part One: Format of Internet
                   Message Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.

6.2. Informative References

 [ISO-JPEG2000-4]  International Organization for Standardization,
                   "JPEG 2000 Image Coding System: Conformance
                   Testing", IS 15444-4.
 [ISO-JPEG2000-5]  International Organization for Standardization,
                   "JPEG 2000 Image Coding System: Reference
                   Software", IS 15444-5.
 [ISO-JPEG2000-8]  International Organization for Standardization,
                   "JPEG 2000 Image Coding System: JPSEC - Secure JPEG
                   2000", IS 15444-8.
 [ISO-JPEG2000-9]  International Organization for Standardization,
                   "JPEG 2000 Image Coding System:  JPIP -
                   Interactivity tools, APIs and protocols", IS
                   15444-9.
 [ISO-JPEG2000-10] International Organization for Standardization,
                   "JPEG 2000 Image Coding System: JP3D - 3-D and
                   floating point data", IS 15444-10.
 [ISO-JPEG2000-11] International Organization for Standardization,
                   "JPEG 2000 Image Coding System: JPWL - Wireless",
                   IS 15444-11.
 [ISO-JPEG-1]      ITU-T Recommendation T.81 | ISO/IEC 10918-1:1994,
                   Information technology - Digital compression and
                   coding of continuous-tone still images:
                   Requirements and guidelines.

Singer, et al. Standards Track [Page 11] RFC 3745 MIME Type Registrations for JPEG 2000 April 2004

 [ISO-JPEG-2]      ITU-T Recommendation T.83 | ISO/IEC 10918-2:1995,
                   Information technology - Digital compression and
                   coding of continuous-tone still images: Compliance
                   testing.
 [ISO-JPEG-3]      ITU-T Recommendation T.84 | ISO/IEC 10918-3:1996,
                   Information technology - Digital compression and
                   coding of continuous-tone still images: Extensions.
 [ISO-JPEG-4]      ITU-T Recommendation T.86 | ISO/IEC 10918-4,
                   Information technology - Digital compression and
                   coding of continuous-tone still images:
                   Registration of JPEG Profiles, SPIFF Profiles,
                   SPIFF Tags, SPIFF colour Spaces, APPn Markers,
                   SPIFF, Compression types and Registration
                   authorities (REGAUT).
 [JFIF]            JPEG File Interchange Format, Version 1.02.
                   Published and made freely available by C-Cube
                   Microsystems. Corporate Communications, 1778
                   McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035
 [RFC-TIFF]        Parsons, G. and J. Rafferty, "Tag Image File Format
                   (TIFF) - image/tiff MIME Sub-type Registration",
                   RFC 3302, September 2002.
 [ISO-MPEG4]       ISO/IEC 14496, Information technology - Coding of
                   Audio-Visual Objects.

Singer, et al. Standards Track [Page 12] RFC 3745 MIME Type Registrations for JPEG 2000 April 2004

7. Authors' Addresses

 David Singer
 Apple Computer, Inc.
 One Infinite Loop, MS:302-3MT
 Cupertino  CA 95014
 USA
 Phone: +1 408 974 3162
 EMail: singer@apple.com
 Richard Clark (Current JPEG Webmaster)
 Elysium Ltd
 Milton House
 Whitehill Road
 Crowborough
 East Sussex TN6 1LB
 UK
 Phone: +44 1892 667411
 Fax:   +44 1892 667433
 EMail: richard@elysium.ltd.uk
 Dr. Daniel T Lee (Current JPEG Convenor)
 Yahoo!, Inc.
 701, First Avenue
 Sunnyvale,
 California 94089,
 USA
 Phone: +1 408 349 7051
 Fax:   +1 253 830 0372
 EMail: dlee@yahoo-inc.com

Singer, et al. Standards Track [Page 13] RFC 3745 MIME Type Registrations for JPEG 2000 April 2004

8. Full Copyright Statement

 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004).  This document is subject
 to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78 and
 except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights.
 This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
 "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE
 REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE
 INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
 IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF
 THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Intellectual Property

 The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
 Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed
 to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology
 described in this document or the extent to which any license
 under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it
 represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any
 such rights.  Information on the procedures with respect to
 rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.
 Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
 assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an
 attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use
 of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this
 specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository
 at http://www.ietf.org/ipr.
 The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention
 any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other
 proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required
 to implement this standard.  Please address the information to the
 IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.org.

Acknowledgement

 Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
 Internet Society.

Singer, et al. Standards Track [Page 14]

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