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rfc:rfc3382

Network Working Group R. deBry Request for Comments: 3382 Utah Valley State College Updates: 2910, 2911 R. Herriot Category: Standards Track Consultant

                                                           T. Hastings
                                                               K. Ocke
                                                             P. Zehler
                                                     Xerox Corporation
                                                        September 2002
                 Internet Printing Protocol (IPP):
                 The 'collection' attribute syntax

Status of this Memo

 This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
 Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
 improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
 Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
 and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

 This document specifies an OPTIONAL attribute syntax called
 'collection' for use with the Internet Printing Protocol (IPP/1.0 and
 IPP/1.1).  A 'collection' is a container holding one or more named
 values, which are called "member" attributes.  A collection allows
 data to be grouped like a PostScript dictionary or a Java Map.  This
 document also specifies the conformance requirements for a definition
 document that defines a collection attribute.  Finally, this document
 gives some illustrative example collection attribute definitions that
 are not intended as actual attribute specifications.

Table of Contents

 1 Introduction.....................................................3
 1.1 Problem Statement..............................................3
 1.2 Solution.......................................................3
 2 Terminology......................................................4
 2.1 Conformance Terminology........................................4
 2.2 Other terminology..............................................5
 3 Definition of a Collection Attribute.............................5
 3.1 Information to Include.........................................5

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

 3.2 Nested Collections.............................................9
 4 Collection Attributes as Attributes in Operations................9
 4.1 General Rules..................................................9
 4.2 Unsupported Values.............................................9
 5 Example definition of a collection attribute.....................9
 5.1 media-col (collection)........................................10
 5.1.1 media-color (type3 keyword | name(MAX)......................10
 5.1.2 media-size (collection).....................................11
 5.2 media-col-default (collection)................................11
 5.3 media-col-ready (1setOf collection)...........................12
 5.4 media-col-supported (1setOf type2 keyword)....................12
 6 A Second Example Definition Of A Collection Attribute...........12
 7 Encoding........................................................13
 7.1 Additional tags defined for representing a collection
     attribute value...............................................13
 7.2 Example encoding: "media-col" (collection)....................14
 8 Legacy issues...................................................20
 9 IANA Considerations.............................................20
 10 Internationalization Considerations............................20
 11 Security Considerations........................................21
 12 References.....................................................21
 Appendix A: Encoding Example of a Simple Collection (Informative).22
 Appendix B: Encoding Example of 1setOf Collection (Informative)...25
 Appendix C: Encoding Example of Collection containing 1setOf XXX
             attribute (Informative)...............................31
 Appendix D: Description of the Base IPP Documents (Informative)...35
 Authors' Addresses................................................36
 Full Copyright Statement..........................................38

Table of Tables

 Table 1 - "media-col" member attributes...........................10
 Table 2 - "media-size" collection member attributes...............11
 Table 3 - Tags defined for encoding the 'collection' attribute
           syntax .................................................13
 Table 4 - Overview Encoding of "media-col" collection.............15
 Table 5 - Example Encoding of "media-col" collection..............16
 Table 6 - Overview Encoding of simple collection..................22
 Table 7 - Example Encoding of simple collection...................22
 Table 8 - Overview Encoding of 1setOf collection..................25
 Table 9 - Example Encoding of 1setOf collection...................26
 Table 10 - Overview Encoding of collection with 1setOf value......31
 Table 11 - Example Encoding of collection with 1setOf value.......32

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 2] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

1 Introduction

 This document is an OPTIONAL extension to IPP/1.0 [RFC2565, RFC2566]
 and IPP/1.1 [RFC2911, RFC2910].  For a description of the base IPP
 documents see Appendix D.

1.1 Problem Statement

 The IPP Model and Semantics [RFC2911] supports most of the common
 data structures that are available in programming languages.  It
 lacks a mechanism for grouping several attributes of different types.
 The Java language uses the Map to solve this problem and PostScript
 has a dictionary.  The new mechanism for grouping attributes together
 (called 'collection' mechanism) must allow for optional members and
 the subsequent addition of new members.
 The 'collection' mechanism must be encoded in a manner consistent
 with existing 1.0 and 1.1 parsing rules (see [RFC2910]).  Current 1.0
 and 1.1 parsers that don't support the 'collection' mechanism must
 not confuse collections or parts of a collection they receive with
 other attributes.

1.2 Solution

 The new mechanism is a new IPP attribute syntax called a
 'collection'.  As such, each collection value is a value of an
 attribute whose attribute syntax type is defined to be a
 'collection'.  Such an attribute is called a collection attribute.
 The name of the collection attribute serves to identify the
 collection value in an operation request or response, as with any
 attribute value.
 The 'collection' attribute syntax is a container holding one or more
 named values (i.e., attributes), which are called member attributes.
 Each collection attribute definition document lists the mandatory and
 optional member attributes of each collection value.  A collection
 value is similar to an IPP attribute group in a request or a
 response, such as the operation attributes group.  They both consist
 of a set of attributes.
 As with any attribute syntax, the document that defines a collection
 attribute specifies whether the attribute is single-valued
 (collection) or multi-valued (1setOf collection).  If the attribute
 is multi-valued (1setOf collection), each collection value MUST be a
 separate instance of a single definition of a collection, i.e., it
 MUST have the same member attributes except for OPTIONAL member
 attributes.  If we view each collection definition as a separate
 syntax type, this rule continues the IPP/1.1 notion that each

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 3] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

 attribute has a single type or pattern (e.g., "keyword | name" is a
 pattern).  Without this rule, the supported values would be more
 difficult to describe and the mechanism defined in item 4 of section
 3.1 would not be sufficient.
 The name of each member attribute MUST be unique for a collection
 attribute, but MAY be the same as the name of a member attribute in
 another collection attribute and/or MAY be the same as the name of an
 attribute that is not a member of a collection.  The rules for naming
 member attributes are given in section 3.1.
 Each member attribute can have any attribute syntax type, including
 'collection', and can be either single-valued or multi-valued.  The
 length of a collection value is not limited.  However, the length of
 each member attribute MUST NOT exceed the limit of its attribute
 syntax.
 The member attributes in a collection MAY be in any order in a
 request or response.  When a client sends a collection attribute to
 the Printer, the order that the Printer stores the member attributes
 of the collection value and the order returned in a response MAY be
 different from the order sent by the client.
 A collection value MUST NOT contain two or more member attributes
 with the same attribute name.  Such a collection is mal-formed.
 Clients MUST NOT submit such malformed requests and Printers MUST NOT
 return such malformed responses.  If such a malformed request is
 submitted to a Printer, the Printer MUST (depending on
 implementation) either (1) reject the request with the 'client-
 error-bad-request' status code (see [RFC2911] section 13.1.4.1), or
 (2) accept the request and use only one of each duplicate member
 attributes.

2 Terminology

 This section defines terminology used throughout this document.

2.1 Conformance Terminology

 Capitalized terms, such as MUST, MUST NOT, REQUIRED, SHOULD, SHOULD
 NOT, MAY, NEED NOT, and OPTIONAL, have special meaning relating to
 conformance as defined in BCP 14, RFC 2119 [RFC2119] and [RFC2911],
 section 12.1.  If an implementation supports the extension defined in
 this document, then these terms apply; otherwise, they do not.  These
 terms define conformance to this document only; they do not affect
 conformance to other documents, unless explicitly stated otherwise.

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 4] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

2.2 Other terminology

 This document uses terms such as Job object (or Job), IPP Printer
 object (or Printer), "operation", "request", response", "attributes",
 "keywords", and "support".  These terms have special meaning and are
 defined in the model terminology [RFC2911] section 12.2.  The
 following additional terms are introduced in this document:
    collection: an attribute syntax in which each attribute value is a
       set of attributes, called member attributes.
    member attribute: an attribute that is defined to be used as one
       of the attributes in a collection.
    collection attribute: an attribute whose definition specifies the
       'collection' attribute syntax and each of the member attributes
       that MAY occur in a collection attribute value.

3 Definition of a Collection Attribute

 This section describes the requirements for any collection attribute
 definition.

3.1 Information to Include

 When a specification document defines an "xxx" collection attribute,
 i.e., an attribute whose attribute syntax type is 'collection' or
 '1setOf collection'; the definition document MUST include the
 following aspects of the attribute semantics.  Suppose the "xxx"
 collection attribute contains N member attributes named  "aaa1",
 "aaa2", ..., "aaaN" ("aaaI" represents any one of these N member
 attributes).
 1. The name of the collection attribute MUST be specified  (e.g.,
    "xxx").  The selection of the name "xxx" MUST follow the same
    rules for uniqueness as for attributes of any other syntax type,
    (as defined by IPP/1.1) unless "xxx" is a member attribute of
    another collection.  Then the selection of the name "xxx" MUST
    follow the rules for uniqueness defined in item 5a) of this list.
 2. The collection attribute syntax MUST be of type 'collection' or
    '1setOf collection'.
 3. The context of the collection attribute MUST be specified, i.e.,
    whether the attribute is an operation attribute, a Job Template
    attribute, a Job Description attribute, a Printer Description
    attribute, a member attribute of a particular collection
    attribute, etc.

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 5] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

 4. An "xxx-supported" attribute MUST be specified and it has one of
    the following two forms:
    a) "xxx-supported" is a "1setOf collection", which enumerates all
       of the supported collection values of "xxx".  If a collection
       of this form contains a nested collection, it MUST be of the
       same form.
       For example, "media-size-supported" might have the values {{x-
       dimension:210, y-dimension:297},{x-dimension:297, y-
       dimension:420}} to show that it supports two values of "media
       size": A4 (210x297) and A3 (297x420).  It does not support
       other combinations of "x-dimension" and "y-dimension" member
       attributes, such as 210x420 or 297x297, and it does not support
       non-enumerated values, such as 420x595.
    b) "xxx-supported" is a "1setOf type2 keyword", which enumerates
       the names of all of the member attributes of "xxx": "aaa1",
       "aaa2", ..., "aaaN".  If a collection of this form contains a
       nested collection, it MAY be of either form.  See item 5f)
       below for details on supported values of member attributes.
       For example, "media-col-supported" might have the keyword
       values: "media-size" and "media-color".
 5. The member attributes MUST be defined.  For each member attribute,
    the definition document MUST provide the following information:
    a) The member attribute's name (e.g., "aaa") MUST be unique within
       the collection being defined and MUST either:
         i) reuse the attribute name of another attribute (that is
            unique across the entire IPP attribute name space) and
            have the same syntax and semantics as the reused attribute
            (if the condition of item 4b) above is met).  For example,
            a member attribute definition could reuse the IPP/1.1
            "media" attribute.
        ii) potentially occur elsewhere in the entire IPP attribute
            name space.  (if the condition of item 4a) above is met).
            For example, a member attribute could be "x-dimension",
            which could potentially occur in another collection or as
            an attribute outside of a collection.
       iii) be unique across the entire IPP attribute name space (if
            the condition of item 4b) above is met).  For example, a
            member attribute could be "media-color" which must be
            unique across the entire IPP attribute name space.

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 6] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

    b) Whether the member attribute is REQUIRED or OPTIONAL for the
       Printer to support.
    c) Whether the member attribute is REQUIRED or OPTIONAL for the
       client to supply in a request.
    d) The member attribute's syntax type, which can be any attribute
       syntax, including '1setOf X', 'collection', and '1setOf
       collection'.  If this attribute name reuses the name of another
       attribute (case of item a1 above), it MUST have the same
       attribute syntax, including cardinality (whether or not
       1setOf).
    e) The semantics of the "aaa" member attribute.  The semantic
       definition MUST include a description of any constraint or
       boundary conditions the member attribute places on the
       associated attribute, especially if the attribute reuses the
       name of another attribute (case of item a1 above).
    f) The supported values for each "aaaI" member attribute (of the
       member attributes  "aaa1", "aaa2", ..., "aaaN") is specified by
       one of two mechanisms.
         i) If "xxx-supported" is a "1setOf collection" (see item 4a)
            above), the value for each "aaaI" is specified in each
            collection value of "xxx-supported", in the context of
            other member attributes.  That is, "xxx-supported"
            enumerates all supported values of "xxx".
        ii) If the value of "xxx-supported" is a "1setOf type2
            keyword" (see item 4b) above), the supported values of
            "aaaI" are the values specified by either i) the "aaaI-
            supported" attribute or ii) the definition of the member
            attribute "aaaI" within the document defining the "xxx"
            attribute.  The values of each member attribute "aaaI" are
            specified independently of other member attributes, though
            a Printer is not required to support all combinations of
            supported values.
            For example, "media-col-supported" might have the keyword
            values: "media-size" and "media-color".  Using the first
            method for defining supported values (an "aaaI-supported"
            attribute), the collection values of "media-col" are
            combinations of values of "media-size-supported" and
            "media-color-supported".  If "media-size-supported" has
            the values of '210x297' and '297x420' and "media-color-
            supported" has the values of 'white' and 'pink', the

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 7] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

            Printer might support only the combinations 'white-
            210x297', 'pink-210x297' and 'white-297x420', and not
            'pink-297x420'.
            If a collection contains a member "aaaI", whose syntax
            type is "text", the supported values would probably be
            defined by the definition of "xxx" rather than by the
            attribute "aaaI-supported".
    g) the default value of each "aaaI" member attribute if it is
       OPTIONAL for a client to supply the "aaa" member attribute in a
       request.  The default value is specified by the attribute's
       definition within a document and MUST be one of the following:
         i) a fixed default
        ii) a mechanism by which the Printer determines default
       iii) an indefinite default that is left to the implementation.
        iv) an attribute that the Printer uses to determine the
            default
 6. The default value of "xxx", if a client does not supply it.  The
    default value is specified by the attribute's definition within a
    document and MUST be one of the following:
    a) a fixed default
    b) a mechanism by which the Printer determines default
    c) an indefinite default that is left to the implementation
    d) a Printer attribute "xxx-default" which is a collection with
       the same member attributes as "xxx".  If optional member
       attributes are absent, the Printer uses the defaulting rules of
       item 5g) above.
 7. The "xxx-ready (1setOf collection)" attribute, if human
    intervention is required to make many of the supported values
    available.  For example, "media-col" is an attribute which has a
    "ready" attribute.  Most attributes do not have a "ready"
    attribute.

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 8] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

3.2 Nested Collections

 A member attribute may have a syntax type of 'collection' or '1setOf
 collection', in which case it is called a nested collection
 attribute.  The rules for a nested collection attribute are the same
 as for a collection attribute as specified in section 3.1.

4 Collection Attributes as Attributes in Operations

4.1 General Rules

 A collection value is like any other IPP/1.1 value, except that it is
 structured.  The rules for attributes with collection values are the
 same as for attributes of any other syntax type (see IPP/1.1), be
 they in any group of a request of a response.

4.2 Unsupported Values

 The rules for returning an unsupported collection attribute are an
 extension to the current rules:
 1. If the entire collection attribute is unsupported, then the
    Printer returns just the collection attribute name with the
    'unsupported' out-of-band value (see the beginning of [RFC2911]
    section 4.1) in the Unsupported Attributes Group.
 2. If a collection contains unrecognized, unsupported member
    attributes and/or conflicting values, the attribute returned in
    the Unsupported Group is a collection containing the unrecognized,
    unsupported member attributes, and/or conflicting values.  The
    unrecognized member attributes have an out-of-band value of
    'unsupported' (see the beginning of [RFC2911] section 4.1).  The
    unsupported member attributes and conflicting values have their
    unsupported or conflicting values.

5 Example definition of a collection attribute

 In some printing environments, it is desirable to allow the client to
 select the media by its properties, e.g., weight, color, size, etc.,
 instead of by name.  In IPP/1.1 (see [RFC2911]), the "media (type3
 keyword | name) Job Template attribute allows selection by name.  It
 is tempting to extend the "media" attribute syntax to include
 "collection", but then existing clients could not understand default
 or supported media values that use the collection value.  To preserve
 interoperability, a new attribute MUST BE added, e.g., "media-col
 (collection)".  The following subsections contain a sample definition
 of a simplified "media-col" attribute.  The definition follows the
 rules in section 3.

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 9] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

 All of the example attribute definitions in this document are
 illustrative examples, rather than actual definitions.  These
 examples are intended to illustrate how to define collection
 attributes.  Other documents MUST define collection attributes for
 use in actual interchange.  Such definitions may be very similar to
 the examples in this document, since we attempted to pick useful
 examples.
 Note: we picked the name "media-col" because the name "media" is
 already in use.  Ordinarily the collection attribute would have a
 name like any other attribute and would not end in "col".
 The member attributes of "media-col" attribute ("media-color (type 3
 keyword)" and "media-size (collection)") both follow the naming rules
 of item 4a3 of section 3, i.e., the names are unique across the
 entire IPP attribute name space.  The member attributes of the
 "media-size (collection)" member attribute ("x-dimension
 (integer(0:MAX))" and "y-dimension (integer(0:MAX))") both follow the
 naming rules of item 4a2 of section 3, i.e., they potentially occur
 elsewhere in the IPP attribute name space.

5.1 media-col (collection)

 The "media-col" (collection) attribute augments the IPP/1.1 [RFC2911]
 "media" attribute.  This collection attribute enables a client end
 user to submit a list of media characteristics to the Printer.  When
 the client specifies media using the "media-col" collection
 attribute, the Printer object MUST match the requested media exactly.
 The 'collection' consists of the following member attributes:
                Table 1 - "media-col" member attributes
      Attribute name  attribute syntax             request  Printer
                                                            Support
      media-color     type3 keyword | name (MAX)   MAY      MUST
      media-size      collection                   MUST     MUST
 The definitions for the member attributes is given in the following
 sub-sections:

5.1.1 media-color (type3 keyword | name(MAX)

 This member attribute identifies the color of the media.  Valid
 values are 'red', 'white' and 'blue'.

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 10] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

 The "media-color-supported" (1setOf (type3 keyword | name(MAX)))
 Printer attribute identifies the values of this "media-color" member
 attribute that the Printer supports, i.e., the colors supported.
 If the client omits this member attribute, the Printer determines the
 value in an implementation dependent manner.

5.1.2 media-size (collection)

 This member attribute identifies the size of the media.  The
 'collection' consists of the member attributes shown in Table 2:
          Table 2 - "media-size" collection member attributes
      Attribute name    attribute syntax      request   Printer
                                                        Support
      x-dimension       integer (0:MAX)       MUST      MUST
      y-dimension       integer (0:MAX)       MUST      MUST
 The definitions for the member attributes are given in the following
 sub-sections:

5.1.2.1 x-dimension (integer(0:MAX))

 This attribute identifies the width of the media in inch units along
 the X axis.

5.1.2.2 y-dimension (integer(0:MAX))

 This attribute identifies the height of the media in inch units along
 the Y axis.
 The "media-size-supported" (1setOf collection) Printer attribute
 identifies the values of this "media-size" member attribute that the
 Printer supports, i.e., the size combinations supported.  The names
 of the member attributes are the same as the member attributes of the
 "media-size" collection attribute, namely "x-dimension", and "y-
 dimension", since they have the same attribute syntax and the same
 semantics.

5.2 media-col-default (collection)

 The "media-col-default" Printer attribute specifies the media that
 the Printer uses, if any, if the client omits the "media-col" and
 "media".  Job Template attributes in the Job Creation operation and
 the PDL do not include a media specification.  The member attributes

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 11] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

 are defined in Table 1.  A Printer MUST support the same member
 attributes for this default collection attribute as it supports for
 the corresponding "media-col" Job Template attribute.

5.3 media-col-ready (1setOf collection)

 The "media-col-ready" Printer attribute identifies the media that are
 available for use without human intervention, i.e., the media that
 are ready to be used without human intervention.  The collection
 value MUST have all of the member attributes that are supported in
 Table 1.

5.4 media-col-supported (1setOf type2 keyword)

 The "media-col-supported" Printer attribute identifies the keyword
 names of the member attributes supported in the "media-col"
 collection Job Template attribute, i.e., the keyword names of the
 member attributes in Table 1 that the Printer supports.

6 A Second Example Definition Of A Collection Attribute

 All of the example attribute definitions in this document are
 illustrative examples, rather than actual definitions.  These
 examples are intended to illustrate how to define collection
 attributes.  Other documents MUST define collection attributes for
 use in actual interchange.  Such definitions may be very similar to
 the examples in this document, since we attempted to pick useful
 examples.
 In some printing environments, it is desirable to allow the client to
 select the media for the job start sheet.  The reason for not adding
 the 'collection' attribute syntax to the existing "job-sheets" Job
 Template attribute is the same as for "media".  Instead, a new Job
 Template attribute is introduced, e.g., "job-sheet-col (collection)".
 The member attributes of "job-sheet-col" attribute ("job-sheets (type
 3 keyword)" and "media (type3 keyword | name)") both follow the
 naming rules of item 4a1 of section 3, i.e., they reuse existing IPP
 attributes.  According to the rules, their supported values come from
 the existing IPP attributes: "job-sheets-supported" and "media-
 supported".  However, their default values do not come from "job-
 sheets-default" and "media-default", respectively.  Rather, the
 definition of "job-sheet-col" says that "job-sheets (type 3 keyword)"
 is required and if "media (type3 keyword | name)" is absent, the
 Printer uses the same media as the rest of the job uses.

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 If "job-sheet-col" attribute was defined to contain the member
 attribute "job-sheet-media (type3 keyword | name)" instead of "media
 (type3 keyword | name)", then the definition would also have to
 specify a "job-sheet-media-supported (1setOf (type3 keyword | name))"
 whose values would be independent of "media-supported (1setOf (type3
 keyword | name))" and would be set separately by a System
 Administrator.
 The actual text for the definition of the attribute is left as an
 exercise for the reader.

7 Encoding

 This section defines the additional encoding tags used according to
 [RFC2910] and gives an example of their use.  The encoding tags
 defined in this document MUST be used by all collection attributes
 defined in other documents.  However, the example of their use is
 illustrative only.

7.1 Additional tags defined for representing a collection attribute

  value
 The 'collection' attribute syntax uses the tags defined in Table 3.
 Table 3 - Tags defined for encoding the 'collection' attribute syntax
      Tag name         Tag
                       value     Meaning
      begCollection    0x34      Begin the collection attribute value.
      endCollection    0x37      End the collection attribute value.
      memberAttrName   0x4A      The value is the name of the
                                 collection member attribute
 When encoding a collection attribute "xxx" that contains an attribute
 "aaa" and is not inside another collection, the encoding follows
 these rules:
 1. The beginning of the collection is indicated with a value tag that
    MUST be syntax type 'begCollection' (0x34) with a name length and
    Name field that represent the name of the collection attribute
    ("xxx") as with any attribute, followed by a value.  The Printer
    MAY ignore the value and its length MAY be 0.  In the future,
    however, this field MAY contain useful information, such as the
    collection name (cf. the name of a C struct).

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 2. Each member attribute is encoded as a sequence of two or more
    values that appear to be part of a single multi-valued attribute,
    i.e., 1setOf.  The first value after the 'begCollection' value has
    the attribute syntax, 'memberAttrName' (0x4A), and its value holds
    the name of the first member attribute (e.g., "aaa").  The second
    value holds the first member's attribute value, which can be of
    any attribute syntax, except 'memberAttrName' or 'endCollection'.
    If the first member's attribute value is multi-valued, the third
    value holds the second value of the first member's value.
    Otherwise, the third value holds the name of second member
    attribute (e.g., "bbb"), and its attribute syntax is
    'memberAttrName'.  In this case, the fourth member's value is the
    value of "bbb".
    Note that the technique of encoding a 'collection' as a '1setOf'
    makes it easy for a Printer that doesn't support a particular
    collection attribute (or the collection attribute syntax at all)
    to simply skip over the entire collection value.
 3. The end of the collection is indicated with a value tag that MUST
    be syntax type 'endCollection' (e.g., 0x37) and MAY have a zero
    name length and a zero value length.  In the future, this field
    MAY contain useful information, such as the collection name that
    matches the one in the 'begCollection' .
 4. It is valid to have a member attribute that is itself, a
    collection attribute, i.e., collections can be nested within
    collections.  This is represented by the occurrence of a member
    attribute that is of attribute syntax type 'begCollection'.  Such
    a collection is terminated by a matching 'endCollection'.  The
    name of such a member attribute is in the immediately preceding
    value, whose syntax type is 'memberAttrName'.
 5. It is valid for a collection attribute to be multi-valued, i.e.,
    have more than one collection value.  If the next attribute
    immediately following the 'endCollection' has a zero name length
    and a tag of 'begCollection', then the collection attribute is a
    multi-valued collection, as with any attribute.  This statement
    applies to collections within collections and collections that are
    not in collections.

7.2 Example encoding: "media-col" (collection)

 The collection specified in section 5 is used for the encoding
 example shown in Table 5.  The example also shows nested collections,
 since the "media-size" member attribute is a 'collection.  The
 encoding example represents a blue 4x6-index card and takes 216
 octets.  The Appendices contain more complex examples.

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 Additional examples have been included in the appendices.
 The overall structure of the two collection values can be pictorially
 represented as:
    "media-col" =
      {  "media-color" =  'blue';
         "media-size" =
         {    "x-dimension" = 6;
              "y-dimension" = 4
           }
      },
 The full encoding is in table 5.  A simplified view of the encoding
 looks like this:
         Table 4 - Overview Encoding of "media-col" collection
    Tag Value             Name                  Value
    begCollection         media-col             ""
    memberAttrName        ""                    media-color
    keyword               ""                    blue
    memberAttrName        ""                    media-size
    begCollection         ""                    ""
    memberAttrName        ""                    x-dimension
    integer               ""                    6
    memberAttrName        ""                    y-dimension
    integer               ""                    4
    endCollection         ""                    ""
    endCollection         ""                    ""

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 15] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

         Table 5 - Example Encoding of "media-col" collection
    Octets       Symbolic Value  Protocol   comments
                                 field
    0x34         begCollection   value-tag  beginning of the "media-
                                            col" collection attribute
    0x0009                       name-      length of (collection)
                                 length     attribute name
    media-col    media-col       name       name of (collection)
                                            attribute
    0x0000                       value-     defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type
                                            no value (since value-
                                            length was 0)
    0x4A         memberAttrName  value-tag  starts a new member
                                            attribute: "media-color"
    0x0000                       name-      defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type, so part of 1setOf
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x000B                       value-     length of "media-color"
                                 length     keyword
    media-color  media-color     value      value is name of 1st
                                            member attribute
    0x44         keyword type    value-tag  keyword type
    0x0000                       name-      0 indicates 1setOf
                                 length
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 16] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

    Octets       Symbolic Value  Protocol   comments
                                 field
    0x0004                       value-
                                 length
    blue         blue            value      value of 1st member
                                            attribute
    0x4A         memberAttrName  value-tag  starts a new member
                                            attribute: "media-size"
    0x0000                       name-      defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type, so part of 1setOf
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x000A                       value-     length of "media-size"
                                 length     keyword
    media-size   media-size      value      Name of 2nd member
                                            attribute
    0x34         begCollection   value-tag  Beginning of the "media-
                                            size" collection attribute
                                            which is a sub-collection
    0x0000                       name-      0 indicates 1setOf
                                 length
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0000                       value-     collection attribute names
                                 length     have no value
                                            no value (since value-
                                            length was 0)
    0x4A         memberAttrName  value-tag  starts a new member
                                            attribute: "x-dimension"

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 17] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

    Octets       Symbolic Value  Protocol   comments
                                 field
    0x0000                       name-      defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type, so part of 1setOf
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x000B                       value-     length of "x-dimension"
                                 length     keyword
    x-dimension  x-dimension     value      name of  1st sub-
                                            collection member
                                            attribute
    0x21         integer type    value-tag  attribute type
    0x0000                       name-      0 indicates 1setOf
                                 length
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0004                       value-     length of an integer = 4
                                 length
    0x0006                       value      value of  1st sub-
                                            collection member
                                            attribute
    0x4A         memberAttrName  value-tag  starts a new member
                                            attribute: "y-dimension"
    0x0000                       name-      defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type, so part of 1setOf
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x000B                       value-     length of the "y-
                                 length     dimension" keyword

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 18] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

    Octets       Symbolic Value  Protocol   comments
                                 field
    y-dimension  y-dimension     value      name of  2nd sub-
                                            collection member
                                            attribute
    0x21         integer type    value-tag  attribute type
    0x0000                       name-      0 indicates 1setOf
                                 length
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0004                       value-     length of an integer = 4
                                 length
    0x0004                       value      value of  2nd sub-
                                            collection member
                                            attribute
    0x37         endCollection   value-tag  end of the sub-collection
    0x0000                       name-      defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type, so part of 1setOf
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0000                       value-     defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type
                                            no value (since value-
                                            length was 0)
    0x37         endCollection   value-tag  end of the 1st collection
                                            value in 1setOf
    0x0000                       name-      defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type, so part of 1setOf

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 19] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

    Octets       Symbolic Value  Protocol   comments
                                 field
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0000                       value-     defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type
                                            no value (since value-
                                            length was 0)

8 Legacy issues

 IPP 1.x Printers and Clients will gracefully ignore collections and
 its member attributes if it does not understand the collection.  The
 begCollection and endCollection elements each look like an attribute
 with an attribute syntax that the recipient doesn't support and so
 should ignore the entire attribute.  The individual member attributes
 and their values will look like a 1setOf values of the collection
 attribute, so that the Printer simply ignores the entire attribute
 and all of its values.  Returning unsupported attributes is also
 simple, since only the name of the collection attribute is returned
 with the 'unsupported' out-of-band value (see section 4.2).

9 IANA Considerations

 The following table provides registration for the 'collection'
 attribute syntax defined in this document.  This is to be registered
 according to the procedures in RFC 2911 [RFC2911] section 6.3.
 Tag value:      Attribute Syntaxes:            Ref.      Section:
 collection                                     RFC 3382         3
   0x34          begCollection                  RFC 3382       7.1
   0x37          endCollection                  RFC 3382       7.1
   0x4A          memberAttrName                 RFC 3382       7.1
 The resulting attribute syntax registration will be published in the
 http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipp-registrations registry.

10 Internationalization Considerations

 This attribute syntax by itself has no impact on
 internationalization.  However, the member attributes that are
 subsequently defined for use in a collection may have
 internationalization considerations, as may any attribute, according
 to [RFC2911].

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 20] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

11 Security Considerations

 This attribute syntax causes no more security concerns than any other
 attribute syntax.  It is only the attributes that are subsequently
 defined, to use this or any other attribute syntax, that may have
 security concerns, depending on the semantics of the attribute,
 according to [RFC2911].

12 References

12.1 Normative References

 [RFC2910] Herriot, R., Butler, S., Moore, P. and R. Turner, "Internet
           Printing Protocol/1.1: Encoding and Transport", RFC 2910,
           September 2000.
 [RFC2911] Isaacson, S., deBry, R., Hastings, T., Herriot, R. and P.
           Powell, "Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Model and
           Semantics", RFC 2911, September 2000.

12.2 Informative References

 [RFC2565] Herriot, R., Butler, S., Moore, P. and R. Tuner, "Internet
           Printing Protocol/1.0: Encoding and Transport", RFC 2565,
           April 1999.
 [RFC2566] deBry, R., Hastings, T., Herriot, R., Isaacson, S. and P.
           Powell, "Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Model and
           Semantics", RFC 2566, April 1999.
 [RFC2567] Wright, D., "Design Goals for an Internet Printing
           Protocol", RFC 2567, April 1999.
 [RFC2568] Zilles, S., "Rationale for the Structure and Model and
           Protocol for the Internet Printing Protocol", RFC 2568,
           April 1999.
 [RFC2569] Herriot, R., Hastings, T., Jacobs, N. and J. Martin,
           "Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols", RFC 2569, April
           1999.
 [RFC2616] Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., Masinter,
           L., Leach, P. and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer
           Protocol - HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.
 [RFC3196] Hastings, T., Manros, C., Zehler, P., Kugler, C. and H.
           Holst, "Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Implementor's
           Guide", RFC 3196, November 2001.

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 21] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

Appendix A: Encoding Example of a Simple Collection (Informative)

 The overall structure of the collection value can be pictorially
 represented as:
    "media-size" =
      {  "x-dimension" = 6;
         "y-dimension" = 4
      }
 A simplified view of the encoding would look like this:
           Table 6 - Overview Encoding of simple collection
    Tag Value             Name                  Value
    begCollection         media-size            ""
    memberAttrName        ""                    x-dimension
    integer               ""                    6
    memberAttrName        ""                    y-dimension
    integer               ""                    4
    endCollection         ""                    ""
    Note: "" represents a name or value whose length is 0.
            Table 7 - Example Encoding of simple collection
    Octets       Symbolic Value  Protocol   comments
                                 field
    0x34         begCollection   value-tag  beginning of the "media-
                                            size" collection attribute
    0x000A                       name-      length of (collection)
                                 length     attribute name
    media-size   media-size      name       name of (collection)
                                            attribute

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 22] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

    Octets       Symbolic Value  Protocol   comments
                                 field
    0x0000                       value-     defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type
                                            no value (since value-
                                            length was 0)
    0x4A         memberAttrName  value-tag  starts member attribute:
                                            "x-dimension"
    0x0000                       name-      defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type, so part of 1setOf
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x000B                       value-     length of "x-dimension"
                                 length     keyword
    x-dimension  x-dimension     value      name of  1st collection
                                            member attribute
    0x21         integer type    value-tag  attribute type
    0x0000                       name-      0 indicates 1setOf
                                 length
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0004                       value-     length of an integer = 4
                                 length
    0x0006                       value      value of  1st collection
                                            member attribute
    0x4A         memberAttrName  value-tag  starts a new member
                                            attribute: "y-dimension"
    0x0000                       name-      defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type, so part of 1setOf
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 23] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

    Octets       Symbolic Value  Protocol   comments
                                 field
    0x000B                       value-     length of the "y-
                                 length     dimension" keyword
    y-dimension  y-dimension     value      name of  2nd collection
                                            member attribute
    0x21         integer type    value-tag  attribute type
    0x0000                       name-      0 indicates 1setOf for
                                 length     media-size
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0004                       value-     length of an integer = 4
                                 length
    0x0004                       value      value of  2nd collection
                                            member attribute
    0x37         endCollection   value-tag  end of the collection
    0x0000                       name-      defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type, so part of 1setOf
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0000                       value-     defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type
                                            no value (since value-
                                            length was 0)

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 24] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

Appendix B: Encoding Example of 1setOf Collection (Informative)

 The overall structure of the collection value can be pictorially
 represented as:
    "media-size-supported" =
      {  "x-dimension" = 6;
         "y-dimension" = 4
      },
      {  "x-dimension" = 3;
         "y-dimension" = 5
      };
 A simplified view of the encoding would look like this:
           Table 8 - Overview Encoding of 1setOf collection
    Tag Value              Name                 Value
    begCollection          media-size-          ""
                           supported
    memberAttrName         ""                   x-dimension
    integer                ""                   6
    memberAttrName         ""                   y-dimension
    integer                ""                   4
    endCollection          ""                   ""
    begCollection          ""                   ""
    memberAttrName         ""                   x-dimension
    integer                ""                   3
    memberAttrName         ""                   y-dimension
    integer                ""                   5
    endCollection          ""                   ""

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 25] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

            Table 9 - Example Encoding of 1setOf collection
    Octets       Symbolic Value  Protocol   comments
                                 field
    0x34         begCollection   value-tag  beginning of the "media-
                                            size-supported (1setOf
                                            collection" attribute
    0x00014                      name-      length of (collection)
                                 length     attribute name
    media-size-  media-size-     name       name of (collection)
    supported    supported                  attribute
    0x0000                       value-     defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type
                                            no value (since value-
                                            length was 0)
    0x4A         memberAttrName  value-tag  starts member attribute:
                                            "x-dimension"
    0x0000                       name-      defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type, so part of 1setOf
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x000B                       value-     length of "x-dimension"
                                 length     keyword
    x-dimension  x-dimension     value      name of  1st collection
                                            member attribute
    0x21         integer type    value-tag  attribute type
    0x0000                       name-      0 indicates 1setOf
                                 length
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 26] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

    Octets       Symbolic Value  Protocol   comments
                                 field
    0x0004                       value-     length of an integer = 4
                                 length
    0x0006                       value      value of  1st collection
                                            member attribute
    0x4A         memberAttrName  value-tag  starts member attribute:
                                            "y-dimension"
    0x0000                       name-      defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type, so part of 1setOf
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x000B                       value-     length of the "y-
                                 length     dimension" keyword
    y-dimension  y-dimension     value      name of  2nd collection
                                            member attribute
    0x21         integer type    value-tag  attribute type
    0x0000                       name-      0 indicates 1setOf
                                 length
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0004                       value-     length of an integer = 4
                                 length
    0x0004                       value      value of  2nd collection
                                            member attribute
    0x37         endCollection   value-tag  end of the collection
    0x0000                       name-      defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type, so part of 1setOf
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 27] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

    Octets       Symbolic Value  Protocol   comments
                                 field
    0x0000                       value-     defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type
                                            no value (since value-
                                            length was 0)
    0x34         begCollection   value-tag  beginning of the 2nd
                                            member of the 1setOf
                                            "sizes-avail " collection
                                            attribute
    0x0000                       name-      Zero length name indicates
                                 length     this is member of previous
                                            attribute
                                 name       no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0000                       value-     defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type
                                            no value (since value-
                                            length was 0)
    0x4A         memberAttrName  value-tag  starts member attribute:
                                            "x-dimension"
    0x0000                       name-      defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type, so part of 1setOf
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x000B                       value-     length of "x-dimension"
                                 length     keyword
    x-dimension  x-dimension     value      name of  1st collection
                                            member attribute
    0x21         integer type    value-tag  attribute type

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 28] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

    Octets       Symbolic Value  Protocol   comments
                                 field
    0x0000                       name-      0 indicates 1setOf
                                 length
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0004                       value-     length of an integer = 4
                                 length
    0x0003                       value      value of  1st collection
                                            member attribute
    0x4A         memberAttrName  value-tag  starts member attribute:
                                            "y-dimension"
    0x0000                       name-      defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type, so part of 1setOf
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x000B                       value-     length of the "y-
                                 length     dimension" keyword
    y-dimension  y-dimension     value      name of  2nd collection
                                            member attribute
    0x21         integer type    value-tag  attribute type
    0x0000                       name-      0 indicates 1setOf
                                 length
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0004                       value-     length of an integer = 4
                                 length
    0x0005                       value      value of  2nd collection
                                            member attribute

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 29] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

    Octets       Symbolic Value  Protocol   comments
                                 field
    0x37         endCollection   value-tag  end of the 1setOf
                                            collection value
    0x0000                       name-      defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type, so part of 1setOf
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0000                       value-     defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type
                                            no value (since value-
                                            length was 0)

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 30] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

Appendix C: Encoding Example of Collection containing 1setOf XXX

          attribute (Informative)
 The overall structure of the collection value can be pictorially
 represented as:
    "wagons" =
      {  "colors" = red, blue;
         "sizes" = 4, 6, 8
      }
 A simplified view of the encoding would look like this:
     Table 10 - Overview Encoding of collection with 1setOf value
          Tag Value                Name                Value
          begCollection            wagons              ""
          memberAttrName           ""                  colors
          keyword                  ""                  red
          keyword                  ""                  blue
          memberAttrName           ""                  sizes
          integer                  ""                  4
          integer                  ""                  6
          integer                  ""                  8
          endCollection            ""                  ""

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 31] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

      Table 11 - Example Encoding of collection with 1setOf value
    Octets       Symbolic Value  Protocol   comments
                                 field
    0x34         begCollection   value-tag  beginning of the "wagons"
                                            collection attribute
    0x0005                       name-      length of (collection)
                                 length     attribute name
    wagons       wagons          name       name of (collection)
                                            attribute
    0x0000                       value-     defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type
                                            no value (since value-
                                            length was 0)
    0x4A         memberAttrName  value-tag  starts a new member
                                            attribute: "colors"
    0x0000                       name-      defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type, so part of 1setOf
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0006                       value-     length of "colors" keyword
                                 length
    colors       colors          value      value is name of 1st
                                            member attribute
    0x44         keyword type    value-tag  keyword type
    0x0000                       name-      0 indicates 1setOf wagons
                                 length
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0004                       value-
                                 length

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 32] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

    Octets       Symbolic Value  Protocol   comments
                                 field
    blue         blue            value      value of 1st member
                                            attribute
    0x44         keyword type    value-tag  keyword type
    0x0000                       name-      0 indicates 1setOf wagons
                                 length
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0003                       value-
                                 length
    red          red             value      value of 1st member
                                            attribute
    0x4A         memberAttrName  value-tag  starts a new member
                                            attribute: "sizes"
    0x0000                       name-      defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type, so part of 1setOf
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0005                       value-     length of "length-avail"
                                 length     keyword
    sizes        sizes           value      Name of 2nd member
                                            attribute
    0x21         integer type    value-tag  attribute type
    0x0000                       name-      0 indicates 1setOf wagons
                                 length
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0004                       value-     length of an integer = 4
                                 length

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 33] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

    Octets       Symbolic Value  Protocol   comments
                                 field
    0x0004                       value      1st value for 1setOf
                                            integer attribute
    0x21         integer type    value-tag  attribute type
    0x0000                       name-      0 indicates 1setOf
                                 length
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0004                       value-
                                 length     length of an integer = 4
    0x0006                       value      2nd value for 1setOf
                                            integer attribute
    0x21         integer type    value-tag  attribute type
    0x0000                       name-      0 indicates 1setOf
                                 length
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0004                       value-     length of an integer = 4
                                 length
    0x0008                       value      3rd  value for 1setOf
                                            integer attribute
    0x37         endCollection   value-tag  end of the collection
    0x0000                       name-      defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type, so part of 1setOf
                                            no name (since name-length
                                            was 0)
    0x0000                       value-     defined to be 0 for this
                                 length     type

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 34] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

    Octets       Symbolic Value  Protocol   comments
                                 field
                                            no value (since value-
                                            length was 0)

Appendix D: Description of the Base IPP Documents (Informative)

 The base set of IPP documents includes:
    Design Goals for an Internet Printing Protocol [RFC2567]
    Rationale for the Structure and Model and Protocol for the
    Internet Printing Protocol [RFC2568]
    Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Model and Semantics [RFC2911]
    Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Encoding and Transport [RFC2910]
    Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Implementer's Guide [RFC3196]
    Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols [RFC2569]
 The "Design Goals for an Internet Printing Protocol" document takes a
 broad look at distributed printing functionality, and it enumerates
 real-life scenarios that help to clarify the features that need to be
 included in a printing protocol for the Internet.  It identifies
 requirements for three types of users: end users, operators, and
 administrators.  It calls out a subset of end user requirements that
 are satisfied in IPP/1.0 [RFC2566, RFC2565].  A few OPTIONAL operator
 operations have been added to IPP/1.1 [RFC2911, RFC2910].
 The "Rationale for the Structure and Model and Protocol for the
 Internet Printing Protocol" document describes IPP from a high level
 view, defines a roadmap for the various documents that form the suite
 of IPP specification documents, and gives background and rationale
 for the IETF IPP working group's major decisions.
 The "Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Model and Semantics" document
 describes a simplified model with abstract objects, their attributes,
 and their operations.  The model introduces a Printer and a Job.  The
 Job supports multiple documents per Job.  The model document also
 addresses how security, internationalization, and directory issues
 are addressed.
 The "Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Encoding and Transport" document
 is a formal mapping of the abstract operations and attributes defined
 in the model document onto HTTP/1.1 [RFC2616].  It also defines the
 encoding rules for a new Internet MIME media type called
 "application/ipp".  This document also defines the rules for
 transporting over HTTP a message body whose Content-Type is
 "application/ipp".  This document defines the 'ipp' scheme for
 identifying IPP printers and jobs.

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 35] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

 The "Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Implementer's Guide" document
 gives insight and advice to implementers of IPP clients and IPP
 objects.  It is intended to help them understand IPP/1.1 and some of
 the considerations that may assist them in the design of their client
 and/or IPP object implementations.  For example, a typical order of
 processing requests is given, including error checking.  Motivation
 for some of the specification decisions is also included.
 The "Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols" document gives some
 advice to implementers of gateways between IPP and LPD (Line Printer
 Daemon) implementations.

Authors' Addresses

 Roger deBry
 Utah Valley State College
 Orem, UT 84058
 Phone: (801) 222-8000
 EMail: debryro@uvsc.edu
 Tom Hastings
 Xerox Corporation
 737 Hawaii St.  ESAE 231
 El Segundo, CA  90245
 Phone: 310-333-6413
 Fax: 310-333-5514
 EMail: hastings@cp10.es.xerox.com
 Robert Herriot
 Consultant
 706 Colorado Ave
 Palo Alto, CA 94303
 Phone: 650-327-4466
 Fax: 650-327-4466
 EMail: bob@herriot.com

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 36] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

 Kirk Ocke
 Xerox Corp.
 800 Phillips Rd
 M/S 128-30E
 Webster, NY 14580
 Phone: (585) 442-4832
 EMail: KOcke@crt.xerox.com
 Peter Zehler
 Xerox Corp.
 800 Phillips Rd
 M/S 128-30E
 Webster, NY 14580
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deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 37] RFC 3382 IPP: The 'collection' attribute syntax September 2002

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deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 38]

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