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rfc:rfc3189

Network Working Group K. Kobayashi Request for Comments: 3189 Communication Research Laboratory Category: Standards Track A. Ogawa

                                                       Keio University
                                                             S. Casner
                                                         Packet Design
                                                            C. Bormann
                                               Universitaet Bremen TZI
                                                          January 2002
            RTP Payload Format for DV (IEC 61834) Video

Status of this Memo

 This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
 Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
 improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
 Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
 and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

 This document specifies the packetization scheme for encapsulating
 the compressed digital video data streams commonly known as "DV" into
 a payload format for the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP).

1. Introduction

 This document specifies payload formats for encapsulating both
 consumer- and professional-use DV format data streams into the Real-
 time Transport Protocol (RTP), version 2 [6].  DV compression audio
 and video formats were designed for helical-scan magnetic tape media.
 The DV standards for consumer-market devices, the IEC 61883 and 61834
 series, cover many aspects of consumer-use digital video, including
 mechanical specifications of a cassette, magnetic recording format,
 error correction on the magnetic tape, DCT video encoding format, and
 audio encoding format [1].  The digital interface part of IEC 61883
 defines an interface on an IEEE 1394 network [2,3].  This
 specification set supports several video formats: SD-VCR (Standard
 Definition), HD-VCR (High Definition), SDL-VCR (Standard Definition -
 Long), PALPlus, DVB (Digital Video Broadcast) and ATV (Advanced
 Television).  North American formats are indicated with a number of
 lines and "/60", while European formats use "/50".  DV standards

Kobayashi, et al. Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 3189 RTP Payload Format for DV (IEC 61834) Video January 2002

 extended for professional use were published by SMPTE as 306M and
 314M, for different sampling systems, higher color resolution, and
 faster bit rates [4,5].
 There are two kinds of DV, one for consumer use and the other for
 professional.  The original "DV" specification designed for
 consumer-use digital VCRs is approved as the IEC 61834 standard set.
 The specifications for professional DV are published as SMPTE 306M
 and 314M.  Both encoding formats are based on consumer DV and used in
 SMPTE D-7 and D-9 video systems.  The RTP payload format specified in
 this document supports IEC 61834 consumer DV and professional SMPTE
 306M and 314M (DV-Based) formats.
 IEC 61834 also includes magnetic tape recording for digital TV
 broadcasting systems (such as DVB and ATV) that use MPEG2 encoding.
 The payload format for encapsulating MPEG2 into RTP has already been
 defined in RFC 2250 [7] and others.
 Consequently, the payload specified in this document will support six
 video formats of the IEC standard: SD-VCR (525/60, 625/50), HD-VCR
 (1125/60, 1250/50) and SDL-VCR (525/60, 625/50), and six of the SMPTE
 standards: 306M (525/60, 625/50), 314M 25Mbps (525/60, 625/50) and
 314M 50Mbps (525/60, 625/50).  In the future it can be extended into
 other high-definition formats.
 Throughout this specification, we make extensive use of the
 terminology of IEC and SMPTE standards.  The reader should consult
 the original references for definitions of these terms.

1.1 Terminology

 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
 document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [8].

2. DV format encoding

 The DV format only uses the DCT compression technique within each
 frame, contrasted with the interframe compression of the MPEG video
 standards [9,10].  All video data, including audio and other system
 data, are managed within the picture frame unit of video.
 The DV video encoding is composed of a three-level hierarchical
 structure.  A picture frame is divided into rectangle- or clipped-
 rectangle-shaped DCT super blocks.  DCT super blocks are divided into
 27 rectangle- or square-shaped DCT macro blocks.

Kobayashi, et al. Standards Track [Page 2] RFC 3189 RTP Payload Format for DV (IEC 61834) Video January 2002

 Audio data is encoded with PCM format.  The sampling frequency is 32
 kHz, 44.1 kHz or 48 kHz and the quantization is 12-bit non-linear,
 16-bit linear or 20-bit linear.  The number of channels may be up to
 8.  Only certain combinations of these parameters are allowed
 depending upon the video format; the restrictions are specified in
 each document.
 A frame of data in the DV format stream is divided into several "DIF
 sequences".  A DIF sequence is composed of an integral number of 80-
 byte DIF blocks.  A DIF block is the primitive unit for all treatment
 of DV streams.  Each DIF block contains a 3-byte ID header that
 specifies the type of the DIF block and its position in the DIF
 sequence.  Five types of DIF blocks are defined: DIF sequence header,
 Subcode, Video Auxiliary information (VAUX), Audio, and Video.  Audio
 DIF blocks are composed of 5 bytes of Audio Auxiliary data (AAUX) and
 72 bytes of audio data.
 Each RTP packet starts with the RTP header as defined in RFC 1889
 [6].  No additional payload-format-specific header is required for
 this payload format.

2.1 RTP header usage

 The RTP header fields that have a meaning specific to the DV format
 are described as follows:
 Payload type (PT): The payload type is dynamically assigned by means
 outside the scope of this document.  If multiple DV encoding formats
 are to be used within one RTP session, then multiple dynamic payload
 types MUST be assigned, one for each DV encoding format.  The sender
 MUST change to the corresponding payload type whenever the encoding
 format is changed.
 Timestamp: 32-bit 90 kHz timestamp representing the time at which the
 first data in the frame was sampled.  All RTP packets within the same
 video frame MUST have the same timestamp.  The timestamp SHOULD
 increment by a multiple of the nominal interval for one frame time,
 as given in the following table:
     Mode        Frame rate (Hz)      Increase of one frame
                                      in 90kHz timestamp
    525-60         29.97                   3003
    625-50         25                      3600
    1125-60        30                      3000
    1250-50        25                      3600

Kobayashi, et al. Standards Track [Page 3] RFC 3189 RTP Payload Format for DV (IEC 61834) Video January 2002

 When the DV stream is obtained from an IEEE 1394 interface, the
 progress of video frame times MAY be monitored using the SYT
 timestamp carried in the CIP header as specified in IEC 61883 [2].
 Marker bit (M): The marker bit of the RTP fixed header is set to one
 on the last packet of a video frame, and otherwise, must be zero.
 The M bit allows the receiver to know that it has received the last
 packet of a frame so it can display the image without waiting for the
 first packet of the next frame to arrive to detect the frame change.
 However, detection of a frame change MUST NOT rely on the marker bit
 since the last packet of the frame might be lost.  Detection of a
 frame change MUST be based on a difference in the RTP timestamp.

2.2 DV data encapsulation into RTP payload

 Integral DIF blocks are placed into the RTP payload beginning
 immediately after the RTP header.  Any number of DIF blocks may be
 packed into one RTP packet, except that all DIF blocks in one RTP
 packet must be from the same video frame.  DIF blocks from the next
 video frame MUST NOT be packed into the same RTP packet even if more
 payload space remains.  This requirement stems from the fact that the
 transition from one video frame to the next is indicated by a change
 in the RTP timestamp.  It also reduces the processing complexity on
 the receiver.  Since the RTP payload contains an integral number of
 DIF blocks, the length of the RTP payload will be a multiple of 80
 bytes.
 Audio and video data may be transmitted as one bundled RTP stream or
 in separate RTP streams (unbundled).  The choice MUST be indicated as
 part of the assignment of the dynamic payload type and MUST remain
 unchanged for the duration of the RTP session to avoid complicated
 procedures of sequence number synchronization.  The RTP sender MAY
 omit DIF-sequence header and subcode DIF blocks from a stream since
 the information is either known out-of-band or may not be required
 for RTP transport.  When sending DIF-sequence header and subcode DIF
 blocks, both types of blocks MUST be included in the video stream.
 DV streams include "source" and "source control" packs that carry
 information indispensable for proper decoding, such as aspect ratio,
 picture position, quantization of audio sampling, number of audio
 channels, audio channel assignment, and language of the audio.
 However, describing all of these attributes with a signaling protocol
 would require large descriptions to enumerate all the combinations.
 Therefore, no Session Description Protocol (SDP) [13] parameters for
 these attributes are defined in this document.  Instead, the RTP
 sender MUST transmit at least those VAUX DIF blocks and/or audio DIF
 blocks with AAUX information bytes that include "source" and "source
 control" packs containing the indispensable information for decoding.

Kobayashi, et al. Standards Track [Page 4] RFC 3189 RTP Payload Format for DV (IEC 61834) Video January 2002

 In the case of one bundled stream, DIF blocks for both audio and
 video are packed into RTP packets in the same order as they were
 encoded.
 In the case of an unbundled stream, only the header, subcode, video
 and VAUX DIF blocks are sent within the video stream.  Audio is sent
 in a different stream if desired, using a different RTP payload type.
 It is also possible to send audio duplicated in a separate stream, in
 addition to bundling it in with the video stream.
 When using unbundled mode, it is RECOMMENDED that the audio stream
 data be extracted from the DIF blocks and repackaged into the
 corresponding RTP payload format for the audio encoding (DAT12, L16,
 L20) [11,12] in order to maximize interoperability with non-DV-
 capable receivers while maintaining the original source quality.
 In the case of unbundled transmission where both audio and video are
 sent in the DV format, the same timestamp SHOULD be used for both
 audio and video data within the same frame to simplify the lip
 synchronization effort on the receiver.  Lip synchronization may also
 be achieved using reference timestamps passed in RTCP as described in
 RFC 1889 [6].
 The sender MAY reduce the video frame rate by discarding the video
 data and VAUX DIF blocks for some of the video frames.  The RTP
 timestamp must still be incremented to account for the discarded
 frames.  The sender MAY alternatively reduce bandwidth by discarding
 video data DIF blocks for portions of the image which are unchanged
 from the previous image.  To enable this bandwidth reduction,
 receivers SHOULD implement an error concealment strategy to
 accommodate lost or missing DIF blocks, e.g., repeating the
 corresponding DIF block from the previous image.

3. SDP Signaling for RTP/DV

 When using SDP (Session Description Protocol) [13] for negotiation of
 the RTP payload information, the format described in this document
 SHOULD be used.  SDP descriptions will be slightly different for a
 bundled stream and an unbundled stream.
 When a DV stream is sent to port 31394 using RTP payload type
 identifier 111, the m=?? line will be like:
    m=video 31394 RTP/AVP 111
 The a=rtpmap attribute will be like:
    a=rtpmap:111 DV/90000

Kobayashi, et al. Standards Track [Page 5] RFC 3189 RTP Payload Format for DV (IEC 61834) Video January 2002

 "DV" is the encoding name for the DV video payload format defined in
 this document.  The "90000" specifies the RTP timestamp clock rate,
 which for the payload format defined in this document is a 90kHz
 clock.
 In SDP, format-specific parameters are defined as a=fmtp, as below:
    a=fmtp:<format> <format-specific parameters>
 In the DV video payload format, the a=fmtp line will be used to show
 the encoding type within the DV video and will be used as below:
    a=fmtp:<payload type> encode=<DV-video encoding>
 The required parameter <DV-video encoding> specifies which type of DV
 format is used.  The DV format name will be one of the following:
    SD-VCR/525-60
    SD-VCR/625-50
    HD-VCR/1125-60
    HD-VCR/1250-50
    SDL-VCR/525-60
    SDL-VCR/625-50
    306M/525-60
    306M/625-50
    314M-25/525-60
    314M-25/625-50
    314M-50/525-60
    314M-50/625-50
 In order to show whether the audio data is bundled into the DV stream
 or not, a format specific parameter is defined as below:
    a=fmtp:<payload type> audio=<audio bundled>
 The optional parameter <audio bundled> will be one of the following:
    bundled
    none     (default)
 If the fmtp audio parameter is not present, then audio data MUST NOT
 be bundled into the DV video stream.

Kobayashi, et al. Standards Track [Page 6] RFC 3189 RTP Payload Format for DV (IEC 61834) Video January 2002

3.1 SDP description for unbundled streams

 When using unbundled mode, the RTP streams for video and audio will
 be sent separately to different ports or different multicast groups.
 When this is done, SDP carries several m=?? lines, one for each media
 type of the session (see RFC 2327 [13]).
 An example SDP description using these attributes is:
    v=0
    o=ikob 2890844526 2890842807 IN IP4 126.16.64.4
    s=POI Seminar
    i=A Seminar on how to make Presentations on the Internet
    u=http://www.koganei.wide.ad.jp/~ikob/POI/index.html
    e=ikob@koganei.wide.ad.jp (Katsushi Kobayashi)
    c=IN IP4 224.2.17.12/127
    t=2873397496 2873404696
    m=audio 49170 RTP/AVP 112
    a=rtpmap:112 L16/32000/2
    m=video 50000 RTP/AVP 113
    a=rtpmap:113 DV/90000
    a=fmtp:113 encode=SD-VCR/525-60
    a=fmtp:113 audio=none
 This describes a session where audio and video streams are sent
 separately.  The session is sent to a multicast group 224.2.17.12.
 The audio is sent using L16 format, and the video is sent using SD-
 VCR 525/60 format which corresponds to NTSC format in consumer DV.

3.2 SDP description for bundled streams

 When sending a bundled stream, all the DIF blocks including system
 data will be sent through a single RTP stream.  An example SDP
 description for a bundled DV stream is:

Kobayashi, et al. Standards Track [Page 7] RFC 3189 RTP Payload Format for DV (IEC 61834) Video January 2002

    v=0
    o=ikob 2890844526 2890842807 IN IP4 126.16.64.4
    s=POI Seminar
    i=A Seminar on how to make Presentations on the Internet
    u=http://www.koganei.wide.ad.jp/~ikob/POI/index.html
    e=ikob@koganei.wide.ad.jp (Katsushi Kobayashi)
    c=IN IP4 224.2.17.12/127
    t=2873397496 2873404696
    m=video 49170 RTP/AVP 112 113
    a=rtpmap:112 DV/90000
    a=fmtp: 112 encode=SD-VCR/525-60
    a=fmtp: 112 audio=bundled
    a=fmtp: 113 encode=306M/525-60
    a=fmtp: 113 audio=bundled
 This SDP record describes a session where audio and video streams are
 sent bundled.  The session is sent to a multicast group 224.2.17.12.
 The video is sent using both 525/60 consumer DV and SMPTE standard
 306M formats, when the payload type is 112 and 113, respectively.

4. Security Considerations

 RTP packets using the payload format defined in this specification
 are subject to the security considerations discussed in the RTP
 specification [6], and any appropriate RTP profile.  This implies
 that confidentiality of the media streams is achieved by encryption.
 Because the data compression used with this payload format is applied
 to end-to-end, encryption may be performed after compression so there
 is no conflict between the two operations.
 A potential denial-of-service threat exists for data encodings using
 compression techniques that have non-uniform receiver-end
 computational load.  The attacker can inject pathological datagrams
 into the stream which are complex to decode and cause the receiver to
 be overloaded.  However, this encoding does not exhibit any
 significant non-uniformity.
 As with any IP-based protocol, in some circumstances a receiver may
 be overloaded simply by the receipt of too many packets, either
 desired or undesired.  Network-layer authentication may be used to
 discard packets from undesired sources, but the processing cost of
 the authentication itself may be too high.  In a multicast
 environment, pruning of specific sources may be implemented in future
 versions of IGMP [14] and in multicast routing protocols to allow a
 receiver to select which sources are allowed to reach it.

Kobayashi, et al. Standards Track [Page 8] RFC 3189 RTP Payload Format for DV (IEC 61834) Video January 2002

5. IANA Considerations

 This document defines a new RTP payload name and associated MIME
 type, DV.  The registration forms for the MIME types for both video
 and audio are shown in the next sections.

5.1 DV video MIME registration form

 MIME media type name: video
 MIME subtype name: DV
 Required parameters:
    encode: type of DV format.  Permissible values for encode are
       SD-VCR/525-60, SD-VCR/625-50, HD-VCR/1125-60 HD-VCR/1250-50,
       SDL-VCR/525-60, SDL-VCR/625-50, 306M/525-60, 306M/625-50,
       314M-25/525-60, 314M-25/625-50, 314M-50/525-60, and
       314M-50/625-50.
 Optional parameters:
    audio: whether the DV stream includes audio data or not.
       Permissible values for audio are bundled and none.  Defaults to
       none.
 Encoding considerations:
    DV video can be transmitted with RTP as specified in RFC 3189.
    Other transport methods are not specified.
 Security considerations:
    See Section 4 of RFC 3189.
 Interoperability considerations: NONE
 Published specification: IEC 61834 Standard
    SMPTE 306M
    SMPTE 314M
    RFC 3189
 Applications which use this media type:
    Video communication.
 Additional information: None
    Magic number(s): None
    File extension(s): None
    Macintosh File Type Code(s): None

Kobayashi, et al. Standards Track [Page 9] RFC 3189 RTP Payload Format for DV (IEC 61834) Video January 2002

 Person & email address to contact for further information:
    Katsushi Kobayashi
    e-mail: ikob@koganei.wide.ad.jp
 Intended usage: COMMON
 Author/Change controller:
    Katsushi Kobayashi
    e-mail: ikob@koganei.wide.ad.jp

5.2 DV audio MIME registration form

 MIME media type name: audio
 MIME subtype name: DV
 Required parameters:
    encode: type of DV format.  Permissible values for encode are
       SD-VCR/525-60, SD-VCR/625-50, HD-VCR/1125-60 HD-VCR/1250-50,
       SDL-VCR/525-60, SDL-VCR/625-50, 306M/525-60, 306M/625-50,
       314M-25/525-60, 314M-25/625-50, 314M-50/525-60, and
       314M-50/625-50.
 Optional parameters: NONE
 Encoding considerations:
    DV audio can be transmitted with RTP as specified in RFC 3189.
    Other transport methods are not specified.
 Security considerations:
    See Section 4 of RFC 3189.
 Interoperability considerations: NONE
 Published specification: IEC 61834 Standard
    SMPTE 306M
    SMPTE 314M
    RFC 3189
 Applications which use this media type:
    Audio communication.
 Additional information: None
    Magic number(s): None
    File extension(s): None
    Macintosh File Type Code(s): None

Kobayashi, et al. Standards Track [Page 10] RFC 3189 RTP Payload Format for DV (IEC 61834) Video January 2002

 Person & email address to contact for further information:
    Katsushi Kobayashi
    e-mail: ikob@koganei.wide.ad.jp
 Intended usage: COMMON
 Author/Change controller:
    Katsushi Kobayashi
    e-mail: ikob@koganei.wide.ad.jp

6. References

 [1]   IEC 61834, Helical-scan digital video cassette recording system
       using 6,35 mm magnetic tape for consumer use (525-60, 625-50,
       1125-60 and 1250-50 systems).
 [2]   IEC 61883, Consumer audio/video equipment - Digital interface.
 [3]   IEEE Std 1394-1995, Standard for a High Performance Serial Bus
 [4]   SMPTE 306M, 6.35-mm type D-7 component format - video
       compression at 25Mb/s -525/60 and 625/50.
 [5]   SMPTE 314M, Data structure for DV-based audio and compressed
       video 25 and 50Mb/s.
 [6]   Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R. and V. Jacobson,
       "RTP: A transport protocol for real-time applications", RFC
       1889, January 1996.
 [7]   Hoffman, D., Fernando, G., Goyal, V. and M. Civanlar, "RTP
       Payload Format for MPEG1/MPEG2 Video", RFC 2250, January 1998.
 [8]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
       Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
 [9]   ISO/IEC 11172, Coding of moving pictures and associated audio
       for digital storage media up to about 1,5 Mbits/s.
 [10]  ISO/IEC 13818, Generic coding of moving pictures and associated
       audio information.
 [11]  Schulzrinne, H., "RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences
       with Minimal Control", RFC 1890, January 1996.
 [12]  Kobayashi, K., Ogawa, A., Casner S. and C. Bormann, "RTP
       Payload Format for 12-bit DAT Audio and 20- and 24-bit Linear
       Sampled Audio", RFC 3190, January 2002.

Kobayashi, et al. Standards Track [Page 11] RFC 3189 RTP Payload Format for DV (IEC 61834) Video January 2002

 [13]  Handley, M. and V. Jacobson, "SDP: Session Description
       Protocol", RFC 2327, April 1998.
 [14]  Deering, S., "Host Extensions for IP Multicasting", STD 5, RFC
       1112, August 1989.

7. Authors' Addresses

 Katsushi Kobayashi
 Communication Research Laboratory
 4-2-1 Nukii-kitamachi,
 Koganei Tokyo 184-8795 JAPAN
 EMail: ikob@koganei.wide.ad.jp
 Akimichi Ogawa
 Keio University
 5322 Endo,
 Fujisawa Kanagawa 252 JAPAN
 EMail: akimichi@sfc.wide.ad.jp
 Stephen L. Casner
 Packet Design
 2465 Latham Street
 Mountain View, CA 94040 United States
 EMail: casner@acm.org
 Carsten Bormann
 Universitaet Bremen TZI
 Postfach 330440
 D-28334 Bremen, Germany
 Phone: +49 421 218 7024
 Fax:   +49 421 218 7000
 EMail: cabo@tzi.orgEMail: cabo@tzi.org

Kobayashi, et al. Standards Track [Page 12] RFC 3189 RTP Payload Format for DV (IEC 61834) Video January 2002

8. Full Copyright Statement

 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
 This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
 others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
 or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
 and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
 kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
 included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
 document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
 the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
 Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
 developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
 copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
 followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
 English.
 The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
 revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
 This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
 "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
 TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
 BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
 HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Acknowledgement

 Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
 Internet Society.

Kobayashi, et al. Standards Track [Page 13]

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