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rfc:rfc2643

Network Working Group D. Ruffen Request for Comments: 2643 T. Len Category: Informational J. Yanacek

                                        Cabletron Systems Incorporated
                                                           August 1999
           Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model
                            Version 1.8

Status of this Memo

 This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
 not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
 memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999).  All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN (SFVLAN) product implements a distributed
 connection-oriented switching protocol that provides fast forwarding
 of data packets at the MAC layer.  The product uses the concept of
 virtual LANs (VLANs) to determine the validity of call connection
 requests and to scope the broadcast of certain flooded messages.

Table of Contents

 1. Introduction.............................................  3
    1.1 Data Conventions.....................................  3
    1.2 Definitions of Commonly Used Terms...................  4
 2. SFVLAN Overview..........................................  6
    2.1 Features.............................................  7
    2.2 VLAN Principles......................................  8
        2.2.1 Default, Base and Inherited VLANs..............  8
        2.2.2 VLAN Configuration Modes.......................  8
              2.2.2.1 Endstations............................  8
              2.2.2.2 Ports..................................  9
              2.2.2.3 Order of Precedence....................  9
        2.2.3 Ports with Multiple VLAN Membership............ 10
    2.3 Tag/Length/Value Method of Addressing................ 10
    2.4 Architectural Overview............................... 11
 3. Base Services............................................ 13
 4. Call Processing.......................................... 14
    4.1 Directory Service Center............................. 14
        4.1.1 Local Add Server............................... 15

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 1] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

        4.1.2 Inverse Resolve Server......................... 15
        4.1.3 Local Delete Server............................ 18
    4.2 Topology Service Center.............................. 18
        4.2.1 Neighbor Discovery Server...................... 18
        4.2.2 Spanning Tree Server........................... 18
              4.2.2.1 Creating and Maintaining
                                 the Spanning Tree........... 19
              4.2.2.2 Remote Blocking........................ 19
        4.2.3 Link State Server.............................. 20
    4.3 Resolve Service Center............................... 21
        4.3.1 Table Server................................... 22
        4.3.2 Local Server................................... 22
        4.3.3 Subnet Server.................................. 22
        4.3.4 Interswitch Resolve Server..................... 22
        4.3.5 Unresolvable Server............................ 23
        4.3.6 Block Server................................... 23
    4.4 Policy Service Center................................ 24
        4.4.1 Unicast Rules Server........................... 24
    4.5 Connect Service Center............................... 25
        4.5.1 Local Server................................... 25
        4.5.2 Link State Server.............................. 25
        4.5.3 Directory Server............................... 26
    4.6 Filter Service Center................................ 26
    4.7 Path Service Center.................................. 26
        4.7.1 Link State Server.............................. 26
        4.7.2 Spanning Tree Server........................... 27
    4.8 Flood Service Center................................. 27
        4.8.1 Tag-Based Flood Server......................... 27
 5. Monitoring Call Connections.............................. 27
    5.1 Definitions.......................................... 27
    5.2 Tapping a Connection................................. 28
        5.2.1 Types of Tap Connections....................... 28
        5.2.2 Locating the Probe and Establishing
                                 the Tap Connection.......... 29
        5.2.3 Status Field................................... 30
    5.3 Untapping a Connection............................... 31
 6. Interswitch Message Protocol (ISMP)...................... 32
    6.1 General Packet Structure............................. 32
        6.1.1 Frame Header................................... 32
        6.1.2 ISMP Packet Header............................. 33
              6.1.2.1 Version 2.............................. 33
              6.1.2.2 Version 3.............................. 34
        6.1.3 ISMP Message Body.............................. 35
    6.2 Interswitch BPDU Message............................. 35
    6.3 Interswitch Remote Blocking Message.................. 36
    6.4 Interswitch Resolve Message.......................... 37
        6.4.1 Prior to Version 1.8........................... 37
        6.4.2 Version 1.8.................................... 41

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 2] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

    6.5 Interswitch New User Message......................... 46
    6.6 Interswitch Tag-Based Flood Message.................. 49
        6.6.1 Prior to Version 1.8........................... 49
        6.6.2 Version 1.8.................................... 52
    6.7 Interswitch Tap/Untap Message........................ 55
 7. Security Considerations.................................. 58
 8. References............................................... 58
 9. Authors' Addresses....................................... 59
 10. Full Copyright Statement................................ 60

1. Introduction

 This memo is being distributed to members of the Internet community
 in order to solicit reactions to the proposals contained herein.
 While the specification discussed here may not be directly relevant
 to the research problems of the Internet, it may be of interest to
 researchers and implementers.

1.1 Data Conventions

 The methods used in this memo to describe and picture data adhere to
 the standards of Internet Protocol documentation [RFC1700].  In
 particular:
    The convention in the documentation of Internet Protocols is to
    express numbers in decimal and to picture data in "big-endian"
    order.  That is, fields are described left to right, with the most
    significant octet on the left and the least significant octet on
    the right.
    The order of transmission of the header and data described in this
    document is resolved to the octet level.  Whenever a diagram shows
    a group of octets, the order of transmission of those octets is
    the normal order in which they are read in English.
    Whenever an octet represents a numeric quantity the left most bit
    in the diagram is the high order or most significant bit.  That
    is, the bit labeled 0 is the most significant bit.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 3] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

    Similarly, whenever a multi-octet field represents a numeric
    quantity the left most bit of the whole field is the most
    significant bit.  When a multi-octet quantity is transmitted the
    most significant octet is transmitted first.

1.2 Definitions of Commonly Used Terms

 This section contains a collection of definitions for terms that have
 a specific meaning for the SFVLAN product and that are used
 throughout the text.
 Switch ID
    A 10-octet value that uniquely identifies an SFVLAN switch within
    the switch fabric.  The value consists of the 6-octet base MAC
    address of the switch, followed by 4 octets of zeroes.
 Network link
    The physical connection between two switches.  A network link is
    associated with a network interface (or port) of a switch.
 Network port
    An interface on a switch that attaches to another switch.
 Access port
    An interface on a switch that attaches to a user endstation.
 Port ID
    A 10-octet value that uniquely identifies an interface of a
    switch.  The value consists of the 6-octet base MAC address of the
    switch, followed by the 4-octet local port number of the
    interface.
 Neighboring switches
    Two switches attached to a common (network) link.
 Call connection
    A mapping of user traffic through a switch that correlates the
    source and destination address pair specified within the packet to
    an inport and outport pair on the switch.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 4] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 Call connection path
    A set of 0 to 7 network links over which user traffic travels
    between the source and destination endstations.  Call connection
    paths are selected from a list of alternate equal cost paths
    calculated by the VLS protocol [IDvlsp], and are chosen to load
    balance traffic across the fabric.
 Ingress switch
    The owner switch of the source endstation of a call connection.
    That is, the source endstation is attached to one of the local
    access ports of the switch.
 Egress switch
    The owner switch of the destination endstation of a call
    connection.  That is, the destination endstation is attached to
    one of the local access ports of the switch.
 Intermediate switches
    Any switch along the call connection path on which user traffic
    enters and leaves over network links.  Note that the following
    types of connections have no intermediate switches:
  1. Call connections between source and destination endstations

that are attached to the same switch – that is, the ingress

       switch is the same as the egress switch.  Note also that the
       path for this type of connection consists of 0 network links.
  1. Call connections where the ingress and egress switches are

physical neighbors connected by a single network link. The

       path for this type of connection consists of a single network
       link.
 InterSwitch Message protocol (ISMP)
    The protocol used for interswitch communication between SFVLAN
    switches.
 Undirected messages
    Messages that are (potentially) sent to all SFVLAN switches in the
    switch fabric -- that is, they are not directed to any particular
    switch.  ISMP messages with a message type of 5, 7 or 8 are
    undirected messages.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 5] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 Switch flood path
    The path used to send undirected messages throughout the switch
    fabric.  The switch flood path is formed using a spanning tree
    algorithm that provides a single path through the switch fabric
    that guarantees loop-free delivery to every other SFVLAN switch in
    the fabric.
 Upstream Neighbor
    That switch attached to the inport of the switch flood path --
    that is, the switch from which undirected messages are received.
    Note that each switch receiving an undirected message has, at
    most, one upstream neighbor, and the originator of any undirected
    ISMP message has no upstream neighbors.
 Downstream Neighbors
    Those switches attached to all outports of the switch flood path
    except the port on which the undirected message was received.
    Note that for each undirected message some number of switches have
    no downstream neighbors.
 Virtual LAN (VLAN) identifier
    A VLAN is a logical grouping of ports and endstations such that
    all ports and endstations in the VLAN appear to be on the same
    physical (or extended) LAN segment even though they may be
    geographically separated.
    A VLAN identifier consists of a variable-length string of octets.
    The first octet in the string contains the number of octets in the
    remainder of the string -- the actual VLAN identifier value.  A
    VLAN identifier can be from 1 to 16 octets long.
 VLAN policy
    Each VLAN has an assigned policy value used to determine whether a
    particular call connection can be established. SFVLAN recognizes
    two policy values:  Open and Secure.

2. SFVLAN Overview

 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN (SFVLAN) product implements a distributed
 connection-oriented switching protocol that provides fast forwarding
 of data packets at the MAC layer.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 6] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

2.1 Features

 Within a connection-oriented switching network, user traffic is
 routed through the switch fabric based on the source and destination
 address (SA/DA) pair found in the arriving packet. For each SA/DA
 pair encountered by a switch, a "connection" is programmed into the
 switch hardware.  This connection maps the SA/DA pair and the port on
 which the packet was received to a specific outport over which the
 packet is to be forwarded.  Thus, once a connection has been
 established, all packets with a particular SA/DA pair arriving on a
 particular inport are automatically forwarded by the switch hardware
 out the specified outport.
 A distributed switching environment requires that each switch be
 capable of processing all aspects of the call processing and
 switching functionality.  Thus, each switch must synchronize its
 various databases with all other switches in the fabric or be capable
 of querying other switches for information it does not have locally.
 SFVLAN accomplishes the above objectives by providing the following
 features:
  1. A virtual directory of the entire switch fabric.
  1. Call processing for IP, IPX and MAC protocols.
  1. Automatic call connection, based on VLAN policy.
  1. Automatic call rerouting around failed switches and links.
 In addition, SFVLAN optimizes traffic flow across the switch fabric
 by providing the following features:
  1. Broadcast interception and address resolution at the ingress port.
  1. Broadcast scoping, restricting the flooding of broadcast packets

to only those ports that belong to the same VLAN as the packet

    source.
  1. A single loop-free path (spanning tree) used for the flooding of

undirected interswitch control messages. Only switches running

    the SFVLAN switching protocol are included in this spanning tree
    calculation -- that is, traditional bridges or routers configured
    for bridging are not included.
  1. Interception of both service and route advertisements with

readvertisement sourced from the MAC address of the original

    advertiser.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 7] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

2.2 VLAN Principles

 Each SFVLAN switch port, along with its attached endstations, belongs
 to one or more virtual LANs (VLANs).  A VLAN is a logical grouping of
 ports and endstations such that all ports and endstations in the VLAN
 appear to be on the same physical (or extended) LAN segment even
 though they may be geographically separated.
 VLAN assignments are used to determine the validity of call
 connection requests and to scope the broadcast of certain flooded
 messages.

2.2.1 Default, Base and Inherited VLANs

 Each port is explicitly assigned to a default VLAN.  At start-up, the
 default VLAN to which all ports are assigned is the base VLAN -- a
 permanent, non-deletable VLAN to which all ports belong at all times.
 The network administrator can change the default VLAN of a port from
 the base VLAN to any other unique VLAN by using a management
 application known here as the VLAN Manager.  A port's default VLAN is
 persistent -- that is, it is preserved across a switch reset.
 When an endstation attaches to a port for the first time, it inherits
 the default VLAN of the port.  Using the VLAN Manager, the network
 administrator can reassign an endstation to another VLAN.
    Note:
       When all ports and all endstations belong to the base VLAN, the
       switch fabric behaves like an 802.1D bridging system.

2.2.2 VLAN Configuration Modes

 For both ports and endstations, there are a variety of VLAN
 configuration types, or modes.

2.2.2.1 Endstations

 For endstations, there are two VLAN configuration modes: inherited
 and static.
  1. Inherited
    An inherited endstation becomes a member of its port's default
    VLAN.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 8] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

  1. Static
    A static port becomes a member of the VLAN to which it has been
    assigned by the VLAN Manager.
 The default configuration mode for an endstation is inherited.

2.2.2.2 Ports

 For ports, there are two VLAN configuration modes:  normal and
 locked.
  1. Normal
    All inherited endstations on a normal port become members of the
    port's default VLAN.  All static endstations are members of the
    VLAN to which they were mapped by the VLAN Manager.
    If the VLAN Manager reassigns the default VLAN of a normal port,
    the VLAN(s) for the attached endstations may or may not change,
    depending on the VLAN configuration mode of each endstation.  All
    inherited endstations will become members of the new default VLAN.
    All others will retain membership in their previously mapped
    VLANs.
  1. Locked
    All endstations attached to a locked port can be members only of
    the port's default VLAN.
    If the VLAN Manager reconfigures a normal port to be a locked
    port, all endstations attached to the port become members of the
    port's default VLAN, regardless of any previous VLAN membership.
 The default configuration mode for ports is normal.

2.2.2.3 Order of Precedence

 On a normal port, static VLAN membership prevails over inherited
 membership.
 On a locked port, default VLAN membership prevails over any static
 VLAN membership.
 If a statically assigned endstation moves from a locked port back to
 a normal port, the endstation's static VLAN membership must be
 preserved.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 9] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

2.2.3 Ports with Multiple VLAN Membership

 A port can belong to multiple VLANs, based on the VLAN membership of
 its attached endstations.
 For example, consider a port with three endstations, a default VLAN
 of "blue" and the following endstation VLAN assignments:
  1. One of the endstations is statically assigned to VLAN "red."
  2. Another endstation is statically assigned to VLAN "green."
  3. The third endstation inherits the default VLAN of "blue."
 In this instance, the port is explicitly a member of VLAN "blue." But
 note that it is also implicitly a member of VLAN "red" and VLAN
 "green."  Any tag-based flooding (Section 4.8) directed to any one of
 the three VLANs ("red," "green," or "blue") will be forwarded out the
 port.

2.3 Tag/Length/Value Method of Addressing

 Within most computer networks, the concept of "address" is somewhat
 elusive because different protocols can (and do) use different
 addressing schemes and formats.  For example, Ethernet (physical
 layer) addresses are six octets long, while IP (network layer)
 addresses are only four octets long.
 To distinguish between the various protocol-specific forms of
 addressing, many software modules within the SFVLAN product specify
 addresses in a format known as Tag/Length/Value (TLV). This format
 uses a variable-length construct as shown below:
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |                              Tag                              |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 | Value length  |                                               |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                                               +
 |                          Address value                        |
 :                                                               :
 |                                                               |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 Tag
    This 4-octet field specifies the type of address contained in the
    structure.  The following address types are currently supported:

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 10] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

       Tag name        Value    Address type
       aoMacDx         1        DX ethernet dst/src/type
       aoIpxSap        2        Sap
       aoIpxRIP        3        RIP
       aoInstYP        4        YP (YP name and version)
       aoInstUDP       5        UDP (Port #)
       aoIpxIpx        6        Ipx
       aoInetIP        7        IP (Net address)
       aoInetRPC       8        RPC (Program #)
       aoInetRIP       9        INET RIP
       aoMacDXMcast    10       Multicast unknown type
       aoAtDDP         11       AppleTalk DDP
       aoEmpty         12       (no address type specified)
       aoVlan          13       VLAN identifier
       aoHostName      14       Host name
       aoNetBiosName   15       NetBIOS name
       aoNBT           16       NetBIOS on TCP name
       aoInetIPMask    17       IP Subnet Mask
       aoIpxSap8022    18       Sap 8022 type service
       aoIpxSapSnap    19       Sap Snap type service
       aoIpxSapEnet    20       Sap Enet type service
       aoDHCPXID       21       DHCP Transaction ID
       aoIpMcastRx     22       IP class D receiver
       aoIpMcastTx     23       IP class D sender
       aoIpxRip8022    24       Ipx Rip 8022 type service
       aoIpxRipSnap    25       Ipx Rip type service
       aoIpxRipEnet    26       Ipx Rip Enet service
       aoATM           27       ATM
       aoATMELAN       28       ATM LAN Emulation Name
 Value length
    This 1-octet field contains the length of the value of the
    address.  The value here depends on the address type and actual
    value.
 Address value
    This variable-length field contains the value of the address. The
    length of this field is stored in the Value length field.

2.4 Architectural Overview

 The SFVLAN software executes in the switch CPU and consists of the
 following elements as shown in Figure 1:

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 11] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

  1. The SFVLAN base services that handles traffic intercepted by the

switch hardware. The base services are described in Section 3.

 +------------------------------------------------------+
 |                                              +-----+ |
 |                         +------------+       |  I  | |
 |                         |  CALL TAP  <--(8)-->  N  | |
 |                         +------------+       |  T  | |
 |                                              |  E  | |
 |      +-----------+      +------------+       |  R  | |
 |      |   PATH    |      |  TOPOLOGY  |       |  S  | |
 |      |           |      |            |       |  W  | |
 |      | Lnk state <------>  Lnk state <--(3)-->  I  | | Flood path
 |      |           |      |            |       |  T  <----(5,7,8)-->
 |      | Span tree <------>  Span tree <--(4)-->  C  | |
 |      +--^--------+      |            |       |  H  | |
 |         |               |  Discovery <--(2)-->     | |
 |         |               +------------+       |  M  | |
 |         |                                    |  E  | |
 |  +------^--+            +--------+           |  S  | |
 |  | CONNECT >---------+--> FILTER |           |  S  | |
 |  +--^------+         |  +--------+           |  A  | |  specific
 |     |                |                       |  G  | | netwrk lnks
 |     |       +--------^-+     +-------+       |  E  <----(2,3,4)-->
 |     +-------<  POLICY  |     | FLOOD >--(7)-->     | |
 |             +------^---+     +-^-----+       |  P  | |
 |                    |           |             |  R  | |
 | +-----------+    +-^-----------V-+           |  O  | |
 | | DIRECTORY <---->    RESOLVE    <------(5)-->  T  | |
 | +-----^-----+    +---^-----------+           |  O  | |
 |       |              |                       |  C  | |
 |       |    +---------^-----------+           |  O  | |
 |       +----<    Base Services    |           |  L  | |
 |            +-----^---------------+           +-----+ |
 +------------------|-----------------------------------+
  Switch CPU        |
                    | Host control port
              +-----O----------------+
              |     ^ no cnx         |
    Layer 2   |     |                |
   ---------->O-----+--------------->O----------->
    SA/DA pr  |          known cnx   |
              +----------------------+
               Switch hardware
                 Figure 1:  SFVLAN Architectural Overview

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 12] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

  1. Eight call processing service centers that provide the essential

services required to process call connections. The call

    processing service centers are described in Section 4.
  1. A Call Tap module that supports the monitoring of call

connections. The Call Tap module is described in Section 5.

  1. The InterSwitch Message Protocol (ISMP) that provides a consistent

method of encapsulating and transmitting control messages

    exchanged between SFVLAN switches.  (Note that ISMP is not a
    discrete software module.  Instead, its functionality is
    distributed among those service centers and software modules that
    need to communicate with other switches in the fabric.) The
    Interswitch Message Protocol and the formats of the individual
    interswitch messages are described in Section 6.

3. Base Services

 The SFVLAN base services act as the interface between the switch
 hardware and the SFVLAN service centers running on the switch CPU.
 This relationship is shown in Figure 2.  This figure is a replication
 of the bottom portion of Figure 1.
          |    Directory       Resolve                   |
          |        ^              ^                      |
          |        |              |                      |
          |        |    +---------^-----------+          |
          |        +----<    Base Services    |          |
          |             +-----^---------------+          |
          +-------------------|--------------------------+
           Switch CPU         |
                              | Host control port
                        +-----O----------------+
                        |     ^ no cnx         |
              Layer 2   |     |                |
             ---------->O-----+--------------->O----------->
              SA/DA pr  |          known cnx   |
                        +----------------------+
                         Switch hardware
                      Figure 2:  Base Services

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 13] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 During normal operation of the switch, data packets arriving at
 any one of the local switch ports are examined in the switch
 hardware.  If the packet's source and destination address (SA/DA)
 pair match a known connection, the hardware simply forwards the
 packet out the outport specified by the connection.
 If the SA/DA pair do not match any known connection, the hardware
 diverts the packet to the host control port where it is picked up
 by the SFVLAN base services.  The base services generate a
 structure known as a state box that tracks the progress of the
 call connection request as the request moves through the call
 processing service centers.
 After creating the call's state box, the base services check to
 determine if the call is a duplicate of a call already being
 processed.  If not, a request is issued to the Directory Service
 Center (Section 4.1) to add the call's source address to the local
 Node and Alias Tables.  The base services then hand the call off to
 the Resolve Service Center (Section 4.3) for further processing.

4. Call Processing

 Call connection processing is handled by a set of eight service
 centers, each with one or more servers.  The servers within a
 service center are called in a particular sequence.  Each server
 records the results of its processing in the call connection
 request state box and passes the state box to the next server in
 the sequence.
 In the sections that follow, servers are listed in the order in
 which they are called.

4.1 Directory Service Center

 The Directory Service Center is responsible for cataloging the MAC
 addresses and alias information for both local and remote
 endstations.  The information is stored in two tables -- the Node
 Table and the Alias Table.
  1. The Node Table contains the MAC addresses of endstations

attached to the local switch. It also contains a cache of

    remote endstations detected by the Resolve Service Center
    (Section 4.3).   Every entry in the Node Table has one or more
    corresponding entries in the Alias Table.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 14] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

  1. The Alias Table contains protocol alias information for each

endstation. An endstation alias can be a network address (such

    as an IP or IPX address), a VLAN identifier, or any other
    protocol identifier.  Since every endstation is a member of at
    least one VLAN (the default VLAN for the port), there is always
    at least one entry in the Alias Table for each entry in the
    Node Table.
    Note:
       The Node and Alias Tables must remain synchronized.
       That is, when an endstation's final alias is removed
       from the Alias Table, the endstation entry is removed
       from the Node Table.
 Note that the total collection of all Node Tables and Alias Tables
 across all switches is known as the "virtual" directory of the
 switch fabric.  The virtual directory contains address mappings of
 all known endstations in the fabric.

4.1.1 Local Add Server

 The Directory Local Add server adds entries to the local Node or
 Alias Tables.  It is called by the base services (Section 3) to
 add a local endstation and by the Interswitch Resolve (Section
 4.3.4) server to add an endstation discovered on a remote switch.

4.1.2 Inverse Resolve Server

 The Directory Inverse Resolve server is invoked when a new
 endstation has been discovered on the local switch (that is, when
 the Local Add server was successful in adding the endstation).
 The server provides two functions:
  1. It populates the Node and Alias Tables with local entries

during switch initialization.

  1. It processes a new endstation discovered after the fabric

topology has converged to a stable state.

 In both instances, the processing is identical.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 15] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 When a new endstation is detected on one of the switch's local
 ports, the Inverse Resolve server sends an Interswitch New User
 request message (Section 6.5) over the switch flood path to all
 other switches in the fabric.  The purpose of the Interswitch New
 User request is two-fold:
  1. It informs the other switches of the new endstation address.

Any entries for that endstation in the local databases of other

    switches should be dealt with appropriately.
  1. It requests information about any static VLAN(s) to which the

endstation has been assigned.

 When a switch receives an Interswitch New User request message
 from one of its upstream neighbors, it first forwards the message
 to all its downstream neighbors.  No actual processing or VLAN
 resolution is attempted until the message reaches the end of the
 switch flood path and begins its trip back along the return path.
 This ensures that all switches in the fabric receive notification
 of the new user and have synchronized their databases.
 If a switch receives an Interswitch New User request message but
 has no downstream neighbors, it does the following:
  1. If the endstation was previously connected to one of the

switch's local ports, the switch formulates an Interswitch New

    User Response message by loading the VLAN identifier(s) of the
    static VLAN(s) to which the endstation was assigned, along with
    its own MAC address.  (VLAN identifiers are stored in
    Tag/Length/Value (TLV) format.  See Section 2.3.)  The switch
    then sets the message status field to NewUserAck, and returns
    the message to its upstream (requesting) neighbor.
    Otherwise, the switch sets the status field to NewUserUnknown
    and returns the message to its upstream neighbor.
  1. The switch then deletes the endstation from its local database,

as well as any entries associated with the endstation in its

    connection table.
 When a switch forwards an Interswitch New User request message to
 its downstream neighbors, it keeps track of the number of requests
 it has sent out and does not respond back to its upstream neighbor
 until all requests have been responded to.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 16] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

  1. As each response is received, the switch checks the status

field of the message. If the status is NewUserAck, the switch

    retains the information in that response.  When all requests
    have been responded to, the switch returns the NewUserAck
    response to its upstream neighbor.
  1. If all the Interswitch New User Request messages have been

responded to with a status of NewUserUnknown, the switch checks

    to see if the endstation was previously connected to one of its
    local ports.  If so, the switch formulates an Interswitch New
    User Response message by loading the VLAN identifier(s) of the
    static VLAN(s) to which the endstation was assigned, along with
    its own MAC address.  The switch then sets the message status
    field to NewUserAck, and returns the message to its upstream
    (requesting) neighbor.
    Otherwise, the switch sets the status field to NewUserUnknown
    and returns the message to its upstream neighbor.
  1. The switch then deletes the endstation from its local database,

as well as any entries associated with the endstation in its

    connection table.
 When the originating switch has received responses to all the
 Interswitch New User Request messages it has sent, it does the
 following:
  1. If it has received a response message with a status of

NewUserAck, it loads the new VLAN information into its local

    database.
  1. If all responses have been received with a status of

NewUserUnknown, the originating switch assumes that the

    endstation was not previously connected anywhere in the network
    and assigns it to a VLAN according to the VLAN membership rules
    and order of precedence.
 If any Interswitch New User Request message has not been responded
 to within a certain predetermined time (currently 5 seconds), the
 originating switch recalculates the switch flood path and resends
 the Interswitch New User Request message.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 17] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

4.1.3 Local Delete Server

 The Directory Local Delete server removes entries (both local and
 remote) from the local Node and Alias Tables.  It is invoked when
 an endstation, previously known to be attached to one switch, has
 been moved and discovered on another switch.
 Note also that remote entries are cached and are purged from the
 tables on a first-in/first-out basis as space is needed in the
 cache.

4.2 Topology Service Center

 The Topology Service Center is responsible for maintaining three
 databases relating to the topology of the switch fabric:
  1. The topology table of SFVLAN switches that are physical

neighbors to the local switch.

  1. The spanning tree that defines the loop-free switch flood path

used for transmitting undirected interswitch messages.

  1. The directed graph that is used to calculate the best path(s)

for call connections.

4.2.1 Neighbor Discovery Server

 The Topology Neighbor Discovery server uses Interswitch Keepalive
 messages to detect the switch's neighbors and establish the
 topology of the switching fabric.  Interswitch Keepalive messages
 are exchanged in accordance with Cabletron's VlanHello protocol,
 described in detail in [IDhello].

4.2.2 Spanning Tree Server

 The Topology Spanning Tree server is invoked by the Topology
 Neighbor Discovery server when a neighboring SFVLAN switch is
 either discovered or lost -- that is, when the operational status
 of a network link changes.
 The Spanning Tree server exchanges interswitch messages with
 neighboring SFVLAN switches to calculate the switch flood path
 over which undirected interswitch messages are sent.  There are
 two parts to this process:
  1. Creating and maintaining the spanning tree
  2. Remote blocking

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 18] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

4.2.2.1 Creating and Maintaining the Spanning Tree

 In a network with redundant network links, a packet traveling between
 switches can potentially be caught in an infinite loop -- an
 intolerable situation in a networking environment.  However, it is
 possible to reduce a network topology to a single configuration
 (known as a spanning tree) such that there is, at most, one path
 between any two switches.
 Within the SFVLAN product, the spanning tree is created and
 maintained using the Spanning Tree Algorithm defined by the IEEE
 802.1d standard.
    Note:
       A detailed discussion of this algorithm is beyond the scope of
       this document.  See [IEEE] for more information.
 To implement the Spanning Tree Algorithm, SFVLAN switches exchange
 Interswitch BPDU messages (Section 6.2) containing encapsulated
 IEEE-compliant 802.2 Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs).  There are
 two types of BPDUs:
  1. Configuration (CFG) BPDUs are exchanged during the switch

discovery process, following the receipt of an Interswitch

    Keepalive message.  They are used to create the initial the
    spanning tree.
  1. Topology Change Notification (TCN) BPDUs are exchanged when

changes in the network topology are detected. They are used to

    redefine the spanning tree to reflect the current topology.
 See [IEEE] for detailed descriptions of these BPDUs.

4.2.2.2 Remote Blocking

 After the spanning tree has been computed, each network port on an
 SFVLAN switch will be in one of two states:
  1. Forwarding. A port in the Forwarding state will be used to

transmit all ISMP messages.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 19] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

  1. Blocking. A port in the Blocking state will not be used to

forward undirected ISMP messages. Blocking the rebroadcast of

    these messages on selected ports prevents message duplication
    arising from multiple paths that exist in the network topology.
    Note that all other types of ISMP message will be transmitted.
    Note:
       The IEEE 802.1d standard specifies other port states used
       during the initial creation of the spanning tree. These states
       are not relevant to the discussion here.
 Note that although a port in the Blocking state will not forward
 undirected ISMP messages, it may still receive them.  Any such
 message received will ultimately be discarded, but at the cost of CPU
 time necessary to process the packet.
 To prevent the transmission of undirected messages to a port, the
 port's owner switch can set remote blocking on the link by sending an
 Interswitch Remote Blocking message (Section 6.3) out over the port.
 This notifies the switch on the other end of the link that undirected
 messages should not be sent over the link, regardless of the state of
 the sending port.
 Each SFVLAN switch sends an Interswitch Remote Blocking message out
 over all its blocked network ports every 5 seconds.  A flag within
 the message indicates whether remote blocking should be turned on or
 off over the link.

4.2.3 Link State Server

 The Topology Link State server is invoked by any process that detects
 a change in the state of the network links of the local switch.
 These changes include (but are not limited to) changes in operational
 or administrative status of the link, path "cost" or bandwidth.
 The Link State server runs Cabletron's Virtual LAN Link State (VLS)
 protocol which exchanges interswitch messages with neighboring SFVLAN
 switches to calculate the set of best paths between the local switch
 and all other switches in the fabric. (The VLS protocol is described
 in detail in [IDvlsp].)
 The Link State server also notifies the Connect Service Center
 (Section 4.5) of any remote links that have failed, thereby
 necessitating potential tear-down of current connections.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 20] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

4.3 Resolve Service Center

 The Resolve Service Center is responsible for resolving the
 destination address of broadcast data packets (such as an IP ARP
 packet) to a unicast MAC address to be used in mapping the call
 connection.  To do this, the Resolve Service Center attempts to
 resolve such broadcast packets directly at the access port of the
 ingress switch.
 Address resolution is accomplished as follows:
 1) First, an attempt is made to resolve the address from the switch's
    local databases by calling the following servers:
  1. The Table server attempts to resolve the address from the

Resolve Table (Section 4.3.1).

  1. Next, the Local server attempts to resolve the address from the

Node and Alias Tables (Section 4.3.2).

  1. If the address is not found in these tables but is an IP

address, the Resolve Subnet server (Section 4.3.3) is also

       called.
 2) If the address cannot be resolved locally, the Interswitch Resolve
    server (Section 4.3.4) is called to access the "virtual directory"
    by sending an Interswitch Resolve request message out over the
    switch flood path.
 3) If the address cannot be resolved either locally or via an
    Interswitch Resolve message -- that is, the destination endstation
    is unknown to any switch, perhaps because it has never transmitted
    a packet to its switch -- the following steps are taken:
  1. The Unresolvable server (Section 4.3.5) is called to record the

unresolved packet.

  1. The Block server (Section 4.3.6) is called to determine whether

the address should be added to the Block Table.

  1. The Flood Service Center (Section 4.8) is called to broadcast

the packet to other SFVLAN switches using a tag-based flooding

       mechanism.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 21] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

4.3.1 Table Server

 The Resolve Table server maintains the Resolve Table which contains a
 collection of addresses that might not be resolvable in the normal
 fashion.  This table typically contains such things as the addresses
 of "quiet" devices that do not send data packets or special mappings
 of IP addresses behind a router.  Entries can be added to or deleted
 from the Resolve Table via an external management application.

4.3.2 Local Server

 The Resolve Local server checks the Node and Alias Tables maintained
 by the Directory Service Center (Section 4.1) to determine if it can
 resolve the address.

4.3.3 Subnet Server

 If the address to be resolved is an IP address but cannot be resolved
 via the standard processing described above, the Resolve Subnet
 server applies the subnet mask to the IP address and then does a
 lookup in the Resolve Table.

4.3.4 Interswitch Resolve Server

 If the address cannot be resolved locally, the Interswitch Resolve
 server accesses the "virtual directory" by sending an Interswitch
 Resolve request message (Section 6.4) out over the switch flood path.
 The Interswitch Resolve request message contains the destination
 address as it was received within the packet, along with a list of
 requested addressing information.
 When a switch receives an Interswitch Resolve request message from
 one of its upstream neighbors, it checks to see if the destination
 endstation is connected to one of its local access ports.  If so, it
 formulates an Interswitch Resolve response message by filling in the
 requested address information, along with its own MAC address.  It
 then sets the message status field to ResolveAck, and returns the
 message to its upstream (requesting) neighbor.
 If the receiving switch cannot resolve the address, it forwards the
 Interswitch Resolve request message to its downstream neighbors.  If
 the switch has no downstream neighbors, it sets the message status
 field to Unknown, and returns the message to its upstream
 (requesting) neighbor.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 22] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 When a switch forwards an Interswitch Resolve request message to its
 downstream neighbors, it keeps track of the number of requests it has
 sent out and received back.  It will only respond back to its
 upstream (requesting) neighbor when one of the following conditions
 occurs:
  1. It receives any response with a status of ResolveAck
  1. All downstream neighbors have responded with a status of Unknown
 Any Interswitch Resolve request message that is not responded to
 within a certain predetermined time (currently 5 seconds) is assumed
 to have a response status of Unknown.
 When the Interswitch Resolve server receives a successful Interswitch
 Resolve response message, it records the resolved address information
 in the remote cache of its local directory for use in resolving later
 packets for the same endstation.  Note that this process results in
 each switch building its own unique copy of the virtual directory
 containing only the endstation addresses in which it is interested.

4.3.5 Unresolvable Server

 The Unresolvable server is called when a packet destination address
 cannot be resolved.  The server records the packet in a table that
 can then be examined to determine which endstations are generating
 unresolvable traffic.
 Also, if a particular destination is repeatedly seen to be
 unresolvable, the server calls the Block server (Section 4.3.6) to
 determine whether the address should be blocked.

4.3.6 Block Server

 The Resolve Block server is called when a particular destination has
 been repeatedly seen to be unresolvable.  This typically happens
 when, unknown to the packet source, the destination endstation is
 either not currently available or no longer exists.
 If the Block server determines that the unresolved address has
 exceeded a configurable request threshold, the address is added to
 the server's Block Table.  Interswitch Resolve request messages for
 addresses listed in the Block Table are sent less frequently, thereby
 reducing the amount of Interswitch Resolve traffic throughout the
 fabric.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 23] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 If an address listed in the Block Table is later successfully
 resolved by and Interswitch Resolve request message, the address is
 removed from the table.

4.4 Policy Service Center

 Once the destination address of the call packet has been resolved,
 the Policy Service Center is called to determine the validity of the
 requested call connection based on the VLAN policy of the source and
 destination VLANs.

4.4.1 Unicast Rules Server

 The Policy Unicast Rules server recognizes two VLAN policy values:
 Open or Secure.  The default policy for all VLANs is Open.
 The policy value is used as follows when determining the validity of
 a requested call connection:
  1. If the VLAN policy of either the source or destination cannot be

determined, the Filter Service Center is called to establish a

    filter (i.e., blocked) for the SA/DA pair.
  1. If the source and destination endstations belong to the same VLAN,

then the connection is permitted regardless of the VLAN policy.

  1. If the source and destination endstations belong to different

VLANs, but both VLANs are running with an Open policy, then the

    connection is permitted, providing cut-through switching between
    different VLAN(s).
  1. If the source and destination endstations belong to different

VLANs and one or both of the VLANs are running with a Secure

    policy, then the Flood Service Center (Section 4.8) is called to
    broadcast the packet to other SFVLAN switches having ports or
    endstations that belong to the same VLAN as the packet source.
    Note that if any of the VLANs to which the source or destination
    belong has a Secure policy, then the policy used in the above
    algorithm is Secure.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 24] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

4.5 Connect Service Center

 Once the Policy Service Center (Section 4.4) has determined that a
 requested call connection is valid, the Connect Service Center is
 called to set up the connection.  Note that connectivity between two
 endstations within the fabric is established on a switch-by-switch
 basis as the call progresses through the fabric toward its
 destination.  No synchronization is needed between switches to
 establish an end-to-end connection.
 The Connect Service Center maintains a Connection Table containing
 information for all connections currently active on the switch's
 local ports.
 Connections are removed from the Connection Table when one of the
 endstations is moved to a new switch (Section 4.1.2) or when the
 Topology Link State server (Section 4.2.3) notifies the Connect
 Service Center that a network link has failed.  Otherwise,
 connections are not automatically aged out or removed from the
 Connection Table until a certain percentage threshold (HiMark) of
 table capacity is reached and resources are needed.  At that point,
 some number of connections (typically 100) are aged out and removed
 at one time.

4.5.1 Local Server

 If the destination endstation resides on the local switch, the
 Connect Local server establishes a connection between the source and
 destination ports.  Note that if the source and destination both
 reside on the same physical port, a filter connection is established
 by calling the Filter Service Center (Section 4.6).

4.5.2 Link State Server

 The Connect Link State server is called if the destination endstation
 of the proposed connection does not reside on the local switch.
 The server executes a call to the Path Link State server (Section
 4.7.1) which returns up to three "best" paths of equal cost from the
 local switch to the destination switch.  If more than one path is
 returned, the server chooses a path that provides the best load
 balancing of user traffic across the fabric.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 25] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

4.5.3 Directory Server

 The Connect Directory server is called if the Connect Link State
 server is unable to provide a path for some reason.
 The server examines the local directory to determine on which switch
 the destination endstation resides.  If the port of access to the
 destination switch is known, then a connection is established using
 that port as the outport of the connection.

4.6 Filter Service Center

 The Filter Service Center is responsible for establishing filtered
 connections.  This service center is called by the Connect Local
 server (Section 4.5.1) if the source and destination endstations
 reside on the same physical port, and by the Policy Service Center
 (Section 4.4) if the VLAN of either the source or destination is
 indeterminate.
 A filter connection is programmed in the switch hardware with no
 specified outport.  That is, the connection is programmed to discard
 any traffic for that SA/DA pair.

4.7 Path Service Center

 The Path Service Center is responsible for determining the path from
 a source to a destination.

4.7.1 Link State Server

 The Path Link State server is called by the Connect Link State server
 (Section 4.5.2) to return up to three best paths of equal cost
 between a source and destination pair of endstations.  These best
 paths are calculated by the Topology Link State server (Section
 4.2.3).
 The Path Link State server is also called by the Connect Service
 Center to return a complete source-to-destination path consisting of
 a list of individual switch port names.  A switch port name consists
 of the switch base MAC address and a port instance relative to the
 switch.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 26] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

4.7.2 Spanning Tree Server

 The Path Spanning Tree server is called by any server needing to
 forward an undirected message out over the switch flood path.  The
 server returns a port mask indicating which local ports are currently
 enabled as outports of the switch flood path.  The switch flood path
 is calculated by the Topology Spanning Tree server (Section 4.2.2).

4.8 Flood Service Center

 If the Resolve Service Center (Section 4.3) is unable to resolve the
 destination address of a packet, it invokes the Flood Service Center
 to broadcast the unresolved packet.

4.8.1 Tag-Based Flood Server

 The Tag-Based Flood server encapsulates the unresolved packet into an
 Interswitch Tag-Based Flood message (Section 6.6), along with a list
 of Virtual LAN identifiers specifying those VLANs to which the source
 endstation belongs.  The message is then sent out over the switch
 flood path to all other switches in the fabric.
 When a switch receives an Interswitch Tag-Based Flood message, it
 examines the encapsulated header to determine the VLAN(s) to which
 the packet should be sent.  If any of the switch's local access ports
 belong to one or more of the specified VLANs, the switch strips off
 the tag-based header and forwards the original packet out the
 appropriate access port(s).
 The switch also forwards the entire encapsulated packet along the
 switch flood path to its downstream neighboring switches, if any.

5. Monitoring Call Connections

 The SecureFast VLAN product permits monitoring of user traffic moving
 between two endstations by establishing a call tap on the connection
 between the two stations.  Traffic can be monitored in one or both
 directions along the connection path.

5.1 Definitions

 In addition to the terms defined in Section 1.2, the following terms
 are used in this description of the call tap process.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 27] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 Originating Switch
    The originating switch is the switch that requests the call tap.
    Any switch along a call connection path may request a tap on that
    call connection.
 Probe
    The tap probe is the device to receive a copy of the call
    connection data.  The probe is attached to a port on the probe
    switch.
 Probe Switch
    The probe switch (also known as the terminating switch) is the
    switch to which the probe is attached.  The probe switch can be
    anywhere in the topology.

5.2 Tapping a Connection

 A request to tap a call connection between two endstations can
 originate on any switch along the call connection path -- the ingress
 switch, the egress switch, or any of the intermediate switches.  The
 call connection must have already been established before a call tap
 request can be issued.  The probe device can be attached to any
 switch in the topology.

5.2.1 Types of Tap Connections

 A call tap is enabled by setting up an auxiliary tap connection
 associated with the call being monitored.  Since the tap must
 originate on a switch somewhere along the call connection path, the
 tap connection path will pass through one or more of the switches
 along the call path.  However, since the probe switch can be anywhere
 in the switch fabric, the tap path and the call path may diverge at
 some point.
 Therefore, on each switch along the tap path, the tap connection is
 established in one of three ways:
  1. The existing call connection is used with no modification.
       When both the call path and tap path pass through the switch,
       and the inport and outports of both connections are identical,
       the switch uses the existing call connection to route the tap.
  1. The existing call connection is modified.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 28] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

       When both the call path and tap path pass through the switch,
       but the call path outport is different from the tap path
       outport, the switch enables an extra outport in either one or
       both directions of the call connection, depending on the
       direction of the tap.  This happens under two conditions.
  1. If the switch is also the probe switch, an extra outport is

enabled to the probe.

  1. If the switch is the point at which the call path and the tap path

diverge, an extra outport is enabled to the downstream neighbor

       on that leg of the switch flood path on which the probe switch
       is located.
  1. A new connection is established.
       If the call path does not pass through the switch (because the
       tap path has diverged from the call path), a completely new
       connection is established for the tap.

5.2.2 Locating the Probe and Establishing the Tap Connection

 To establish a call tap, the originating switch formats an
 Interswitch Tap request message (Section 6.7) and sends it out over
 the switch flood path to all other switches in the topology.
    Note:
       If the originating switch is also the probe switch, no
       Interswitch Tap request message is necessary.
 As the Interswitch Tap request message travels out along the switch
 flood path, each switch receiving the message checks to see if it is
 the probe switch and does the following:
  1. If the switch is the probe switch, it establishes the tap

connection by either setting up a new connection or modifying the

    call connection, as appropriate (see Section 5.2.1).  It then
    reformats the Tap request message to be a Tap response message
    with a status indicating that the probe has been found, and sends
    the message back to its upstream neighbor.
  1. If the switch is not the probe switch, it forwards the Tap request

message to all its downstream neighbors (if any).

  1. If the switch is not the probe switch and has no downstream

neighbors, it reformats the Tap request message to be a Tap

    response message with a status indicating that the probe is not

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 29] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

    located on that leg of the switch flood path.   It then sends the
    response message back to its upstream neighbor.
    When a switch forwards an Interswitch Tap request message to its
    downstream neighbors, it keeps track of the number of requests it
    has sent out.
  1. If a response is received with a status indicating that the probe

switch is located somewhere downstream, the switch establishes the

    appropriate type of tap connection (see Section 5.2.1).  It then
    formats a Tap response message with a status indicating that the
    probe has been found and passes the message to its upstream
    neighbor.
  1. If no responses are received with a status indicating that the

probe switch is located downstream, the switch formats a Tap

    response message with a status indicating that the probe has not
    been found and passes the message to its upstream neighbor.

5.2.3 Status Field

 The status field of the Interswitch Tap request/response message
 contains information about the state of the tap.  Some of these
 status values are transient and are merely used to track the progress
 of the tap request.  Other status values are stored in the tap table
 of each switch along the tap path for use when the tap is torn down.
 The possible status values are as follows:
  1. StatusUnassigned. This is the initial status of the Interswitch

Tap request message.

  1. OutportDecisionUnknown. The tap request is still moving

downstream along the switch flood path. The probe switch had not

    yet been found.
  1. ProbeNotFound. The probe switch is not located on this leg of the

switch flood path.

  1. DisableOutport. The probe switch is located on this leg of the

switch flood path, and the switch has had to either modify the

    call connection or establish a new connection to implement the tap
    (see Section 5.2.1).  When the tap is torn down, the switch will
    have to disable any additional outports that have been enabled for
    the tap.
  1. KeepOutport. The probe switch is located on this leg of the

switch flood path, and the switch was able to route the tap over

    the existing call path (see Section 5.2.1).  Any ports used for

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 30] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

    the tap will remain enabled when the tap is torn down.

5.3 Untapping a Connection

 A request to untap a call connection must be issued on the tap
 originating switch -- that is, the same switch that issued the tap
 request.
 To untap a call connection, the originating switch sends an
 Interswitch Untap request message (Section 6.7) out over the switch
 flood path to all other switches in the topology.  The message is
 sent over the switch flood path, rather than the tap connection path,
 to ensure that all switches that know of the tap are properly
 notified, even if the switch topology has changed since the tap was
 established.
 When a switch receives an Interswitch Untap request message, it
 checks to see if it is handling a tap for the specified call
 connection.  If so, the switch disables the tap connection, as
 follows:
  1. If a new connection was added for the tap, the connection is

deleted from the connection table.

  1. If additional outports were enabled on the call connection, they

are disabled.

 The switch then forwards the Interswitch Untap request message to its
 downstream neighbor (if any).  If the switch has no downstream
 neighbors, it formats an untap response and sends the message back to
 its upstream neighbor.
 When a switch forwards an Interswitch Untap request message to its
 downstream neighbors, it keeps track of the number of requests it has
 sent out and does not respond back to its upstream neighbor until all
 untap requests have been responded to.  Once all responses have been
 received, the switch handles any final cleanup for the tap and then
 sends a single Interswitch Untap response message to its upstream
 neighbor.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 31] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

6. Interswitch Message Protocol (ISMP)

 The InterSwitch Message protocol (ISMP) provides a consistent method
 of encapsulating and transmitting messages exchanged between switches
 to create and maintain the databases and provide other control
 services and functionality required by the SFVLAN product.

6.1 General Packet Structure

 ISMP packets are of variable length and have the following general
 structure:
  1. Frame header
  2. ISMP packet header
  3. ISMP message body
 Each of these packet segments is discussed separately in the
 following subsections.

6.1.1 Frame Header

 ISMP packets are encapsulated within an IEEE 802-compliant frame
 using a standard header as shown below:
     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 00 |                                                               |
    +      Destination address      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 04 |                               |                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+        Source address         +
 08 |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 12 |             Type              |                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                               +
 16 |                                                               |
    +                                                               +
    :                                                               :
 Destination address
    This 6-octet field contains the Media Access Control (MAC) address
    of the multicast channel over which all switches in the fabric
    receive ISMP packets.  Except where otherwise noted, this field

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 32] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

    contains the multicast address of the control channel over which
    all switches in the fabric receive ISMP packets -- a value of 01-
    00-1D-00-00-00.
 Source address
    Except where otherwise noted, this 6-octet field contains the
    physical (MAC) address of the switch originating the ISMP packet.
 Type
    This 2-octet field identifies the type of data carried within the
    frame.  Except where otherwise noted, the type field of ISMP
    packets contains the value 0x81FD.

6.1.2 ISMP Packet Header

 There are two versions of the ISMP packet header in use by the
 SecureFast VLAN product.

6.1.2.1 Version 2

 The version 2 ISMP packet header consists of 6 octets, as shown
 below:
     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 00 |///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////|
    ://////// Frame header /////////////////////////////////////////:
    +//////// (14 octets)  /////////+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 12 |///////////////////////////////|            Version            |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 16 |       ISMP message type       |        Sequence number        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 20 |                                                               |
    +                                                               +
    :                                                               :
 Frame header
    This 14-octet field contains the frame header (Section 6.1.1).

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 33] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 Version
    This 2-octet field contains the version number of the InterSwitch
    Message Protocol to which this ISMP packet adheres. This document
    describes ISMP Version 2.0.
 ISMP message type
    This 2-octet field contains a value indicating which type of ISMP
    message is contained within the message body.  The following table
    lists each ISMP message, along with its message type and the
    section within this document that describes the message in detail:
       Message Name                       Type    Description
       Interswitch Link State message        3    See note below
       Interswitch BPDU message              4    Section 6.2
       Interswitch Remote Blocking message   4    Section 6.3
       Interswitch Resolve message           5    Section 6.4
       Interswitch New User message          5    Section 6.5
       Interswitch Tag-Based Flood message   7    Section 6.6
       Interswitch Tap/Untap message         8    Section 6.7
    Note:
       The Link State messages used by the VLS Protocol are not
       described in this document.  For a detailed description of
       these messages, see [IDvlsp].
 Sequence number
    This 2-octet field contains an internally generated sequence
    number used by the various protocol handlers for internal
    synchronization of messages.

6.1.2.2 Version 3

 The version 3 ISMP packet header is used only by the Interswitch
 Keepalive message.  That message is not described in this document.
 For a detailed description of the version 3 ISMP packet header, see
 [IDhello].

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 34] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

6.1.3 ISMP Message Body

 The ISMP message body is a variable-length field containing the
 actual data of the ISMP message.  The length and content of this
 field are determined by the value found in the message type field.
 See the following sections for the exact format of each message type.

6.2 Interswitch BPDU Message

 The Interswitch BPDU message consists of a variable number of octets,
 as shown below:
     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 00 |                                                               |
    +                         Frame header /                        +
    :                   ISMP packet header (type 4)                 :
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 20 |            Version            |            Opcode             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 24 |          Message flags        |                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                               +
 28 |                                                               |
    :                          BPDU packet                          :
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 Frame header/ISMP packet header
    This 20-octet field contains the frame header and the ISMP packet
    header.
 Version
    This 2-octet field contains the version number of the message
    type.  This document describes ISMP message type 4, version 1.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 35] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 Opcode
    This 2-octet field contains the operation type of the message. For
    an Interswitch BPDU message, the value should be 1.
 Message flags
    This 2-octet field is currently unused.  It is reserved for future
    use.
 BPDU packet
    This variable-length field contains an IEEE-compliant 802.2 Bridge
    Protocol Data Unit.  See [IEEE] for a detailed description of the
    contents of this field.

6.3 Interswitch Remote Blocking Message

 The Interswitch Remote Blocking message consists of 30 octets, as
 shown below:
     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 00 |                                                               |
    +                         Frame header /                        +
    :                   ISMP packet header (type 4)                 :
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 20 |            Version            |           Opcode              |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 24 |          Message flags        |        Blocking flag ...      |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 28 |       ... Blocking flag       |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 Frame header/ISMP packet header
    This 20-octet field contains the frame header and the ISMP packet
    header.
 Version
    This 2-octet field contains the version number of the message
    type.  This document describes ISMP message type 4, version 1.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 36] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 Opcode
    This 2-octet field contains the operation type of the message.
    Valid values are as follows:
       2   Enable/disable remote blocking
       3   Acknowledge previously received Remote Blocking message
 Message flags
       This 2-octet field is currently unused.  It is reserved for
       future use.
 Blocking flag
       This 4-octet field contains a flag indicating the state of
       remote blocking on the link over which the message was
       received.  A value of 1 indicates remote blocking is on and no
       undirected ISMP messages should be sent over the link.  A value
       of 0 indicates remote blocking is off.  This flag is irrelevant
       if the operation type (Opcode) of the message has a value of 3.

6.4 Interswitch Resolve Message

 There are two versions of the Interswitch Resolve message used by the
 SecureFast VLAN product.

6.4.1 Prior to Version 1.8

 The Interswitch Resolve message used by SFVLAN prior to version 1.8
 consists of a variable number of octets, as shown below:

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 37] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  00 |                                                               |
     +                         Frame header /                        +
     :                   ISMP packet header (type 5)                 :
     |                                                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  20 |           Version             |            Opcode             |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  24 |            Status             |           Call Tag            |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  28 |                                                               |
     +     Source MAC of packet      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  32 |                               |                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+     Originating switch MAC    +
  36 |                                                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  40 |                                                               |
     +       Owner switch MAC        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  44 |                               |                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                               +
  48 |                                                               |
     :                   Known destination address                   :
     |                                                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   n |     Count     |                                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                                               +
 n+4 |                         Resolve list                          |
     :                                                               :
     |                                                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
        n = 46 + length of known address TLV
 In the following description of the message fields, the term
 "originating" switch refers to the switch that issued the original
 Interswitch Resolve request.  The term "owner" switch refers to that
 switch to which the destination endstation is attached.  And the term
 "responding" switch refers to either the "owner" switch or to a
 switch at the end of the switch flood path that does not own the
 endstation but issues an Interswitch Resolve response because it has
 no downstream neighbors.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 38] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 With the exception of the resolve list (which has a different size
 and format in a Resolve response message), all fields of an
 Interswitch Resolve message are allocated by the originating switch,
 and unless otherwise noted below, are written by the originating
 switch.
 Frame header/ISMP packet header
    This 20-octet field contains the frame header and the ISMP packet
    header.
 Version
    This 2-octet field contains the version number of the message
    type.  This document describes ISMP message type 5, version 1.
 Opcode
    This 2-octet field contains the operation code of the message.
    Valid values are as follows:
       1    The message is a Resolve request.
       2    The message is a Resolve response.
       3    (unused in Resolve messages)
       4    (unused in Resolve messages)
    The originating switch writes a value of 1 to this field, while
    the responding switch writes a value of 2.
 Status
    This 2-octet field contains the status of a Resolve response
    message.  Valid values are as follows:
       0    The Resolve request succeeded (ResolveAck).
       1    (unused)
       2    The Resolve request failed (Unknown).
    This field is written by the responding switch.
 Call tag
    This 2-octet field contains the call tag of the endstation packet
    for which this Resolve request is issued.  The call tag is a 16-
    bit value (generated by the originating switch) that uniquely
    identifies the packet.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 39] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 Source MAC of packet
    This 6-octet field contains the physical (MAC) address of the
    endstation that originated the packet identified by the call tag.
 Originating switch MAC
    This 6-octet field contains the physical (MAC) address of the
    switch that issued the original Resolve request.
 Owner switch MAC
    This 6-octet field contains the physical (MAC) address of the
    switch to which the destination endstation is attached -- that is,
    the switch that was able to resolve the requested addressing
    information.  This field is written by the owner switch.
    If the status of the response is Unknown, this field is
    irrelevant.
 Known destination address
    This variable-length field contains the known attribute of the
    destination endstation address.  This address is stored in
    Tag/Length/Value format.  (See Section 2.3.)
 Count
    This 1-octet field contains the number of address attributes
    requested or returned.  This is the number of items in the resolve
    list.
 Resolve list
    This variable-length field contains a list of the address
    attributes either requested by the originating switch or returned
    by the owner switch.  Note that in a Resolve request message, this
    list contains only the tags of the requested address attributes
    (see Section 2.3).  On the other hand, a Resolve response message
    with a status of ResolveAck contains the full TLV of each resolved
    address attribute.  The number of entries in the list is specified
    in the count field.
    In an Interswitch Resolve response message, this field is
    irrelevant if the status of the response is Unknown.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 40] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

6.4.2 Version 1.8

 The Interswitch Resolve message used by SFVLAN version 1.8 consists
 of a variable number of octets, as shown below:

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 41] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 00 |                                                               |
    +                         Frame header /                        +
    :                   ISMP packet header (type 5)                 :
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 20 |           Version             |            Opcode             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 24 |            Status             |           Call Tag            |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 28 |                                                               |
    +     Source MAC of packet      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 32 |                               |                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+     Originating switch MAC    +
 36 |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 40 |                                                               |
    +       Owner switch MAC        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 44 |                               |                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                               +
 48 |                                                               |
    :                   Known destination address                   :
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  n |     Count     |                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                                               +
n+4 |                         Resolve list                          |
    :                                                               :
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 n1 |                                                               |
    +    Actual dest switch MAC     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                               |                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+     Downlink chassis MAC      +

n1+8 | |

    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

n1+12 | |

    +      Actual chassis MAC       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                               |                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                               +

n1+20 | |

    +                          Domain name                          +
    :                                                               :
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
         n = 46 + length of known address TLV
         n1 = n + length of Resolve list

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 42] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 In the following description of the message fields, the term
 "originating" switch refers to the switch that issued the original
 Interswitch Resolve request.  The term "owner" switch refers to that
 switch to which the destination endstation is attached.  And the term
 "responding" switch refers to either the "owner" switch or to a
 switch at the end of the switch flood path that does not own the
 endstation but issues an Interswitch Resolve response because it has
 no downstream neighbors.
 With the exception of the resolve list (which has a different size
 and format in a Resolve response message) and the four fields
 following the resolve list, all fields of an Interswitch Resolve
 message are allocated by the originating switch, and unless otherwise
 noted below, are written by the originating switch.
 Frame header/ISMP packet header
    This 20-octet field contains the frame header and the ISMP packet
    header.
 Version
    This 2-octet field contains the version number of the message
    type.  This section describes version 3 of the Interswitch Resolve
    message.
 Opcode
    This 2-octet field contains the operation code of the message.
    Valid values are as follows:
       1    The message is a Resolve request.
       2    The message is a Resolve response.
       3    (unused in Resolve messages)
       4    (unused in Resolve messages)
    The originating switch writes a value of 1 to this field, while
    the responding switch writes a value of 2.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 43] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 Status
    This 2-octet field contains the status of a Resolve response
    message.  Valid values are as follows:
       0    The Resolve request succeeded (ResolveAck).
       1    (unused)
       2    The Resolve request failed (Unknown).
    This field is written by the responding switch.
 Call tag
    This 2-octet field contains the call tag of the endstation packet
    for which this Resolve request is issued.  The call tag is a 16-
    bit value (generated by the originating switch) that uniquely
    identifies the packet.
 Source MAC of packet
    This 6-octet field contains the physical (MAC) address of the
    endstation that originated the packet identified by the call tag.
 Originating switch MAC
    This 6-octet field contains the physical (MAC) address of the
    switch that issued the original Resolve request.
 Owner switch MAC
    This 6-octet field contains the physical (MAC) address of the
    switch to which the destination endstation is attached -- that is,
    the switch that was able to resolve the requested addressing
    information.  This field is written by the owner switch.
    If the status of the response is Unknown, this field is
    irrelevant.
 Known destination address
    This variable-length field contains the known attribute of the
    destination endstation address.  This address is stored in
    Tag/Length/Value format.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 44] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 Count
    This 1-octet field contains the number of address attributes
    requested or returned.  This is the number of items in the resolve
    list.
 Resolve list
    This variable-length field contains a list of the address
    attributes either requested by the originating switch or returned
    by the owner switch.  Note that in a Resolve request message, this
    list contains only the tags of the requested address attributes.
    On the other hand, a Resolve response message with a status of
    ResolveAck contains the full TLV of each resolved address
    attribute.  The number of entries in the list is specified in the
    count field.
    In an Interswitch Resolve response message, this field is
    irrelevant if the status of the response is Unknown.
 Actual destination switch MAC
    This 6-octet field contains the physical (MAC) address of the
    actual switch within the chassis to which the endstation is
    attached.  If the status of the response is Unknown, this field is
    irrelevant.
 Downlink chassis MAC
    This 6-octet field contains the physical (MAC) address of the
    downlink chassis.  If the status of the response is Unknown, this
    field is irrelevant.
 Actual chassis MAC
    This 6-octet field contains the physical (MAC) address of the
    uplink chassis.  If the status of the response is Unknown, this
    field is irrelevant.
 Domain name
    This 16-octet field contains the ASCII name of the domain.  If the
    status of the response is Unknown, this field is irrelevant.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 45] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

6.5 Interswitch New User Message

 The Interswitch New User message consists of a variable number of
 octets, as shown below:
     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 00 |                                                               |
    +                         Frame header /                        +
    :                   ISMP packet header (type 5)                 :
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 20 |           Version             |            Opcode             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 24 |            Status             |           Call Tag            |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 28 |                                                               |
    +     Source MAC of packet      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 32 |                               |                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+     Originating switch MAC    +
 36 |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 40 |                                                               |
    +   Previous owner switch MAC   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 44 |                               |                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                               +
 48 |                                                               :
    :                    MAC address of new user                    +
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 70 |     Count     |                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                                               +
 74 |                          Resolve list                         |
    :                                                               :
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 In the following description of the message fields, the term
 "originating" switch refers to the switch that issued the original
 Interswitch New User request.  The term "previous owner" switch
 refers to that switch to which the endstation was previously
 attached.  And the term "responding" switch refers to either the
 "previous owner" switch or to a switch at the end of the switch flood
 path that did not own the endstation but issues an Interswitch New
 User response because it has no downstream neighbors.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 46] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 With the exception of the resolve list, all fields of an Interswitch
 New User message are allocated by the originating switch, and unless
 otherwise noted below, are written by the originating switch.
 Frame header/ISMP packet header
    This 20-octet field contains the frame header and the ISMP packet
    header.
 Version
    This 2-octet field contains the version number of the message
    type.  This document describes ISMP message type 5, version 1.
 Opcode
    This 2-octet field contains the operation code of the message.
    Valid values are as follows:
       1    (unused in a New User message)
       2    (unused in a New User message)
       3    The message is a New User request.
       4    The message is a New User response.
    The originating switch writes a value of 3 to this field, while
    the responding switch writes a value of 4.
 Status
    This 2-octet field contains the status of a New User response
    message.  Valid values are as follows:
       0    VLAN resolution successful (NewUserAck)
       1    (unused)
       2    VLAN resolution unsuccessful (NewUserUnknown)
    This field is written by the responding switch.
 Call tag
    This 2-octet field contains the call tag of the endstation packet
    for which this New User request is issued.  The call tag is a 16-
    bit value (generated by the originating switch) that uniquely
    identifies the packet that caused the switch to identify the
    endstation as a new user.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 47] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 Source MAC of packet
    This 6-octet field contains the physical (MAC) address of the
    endstation that originated the packet identified by the call tag.
 Originating switch MAC
    This 6-octet field contains the physical (MAC) address of the
    switch that issued the original New User request.
 Previous owner switch MAC
    This 6-octet field contains the physical (MAC) address of the
    switch to which the endstation was previously attached -- that is,
    the switch that was able to resolve the VLAN information. This
    field is written by the previous owner switch.
    If the status of the response is Unknown, this field is
    irrelevant.
 MAC address of new user
    This 24-octet field contains the physical (MAC) address of the new
    user endstation, stored in Tag/Length/Value format.
 Count
    This 1-octet field contains the number of VLAN identifiers
    returned.  This is the number of items in the resolve list. This
    field is written by the previous owner switch.
    If the status of the response is Unknown, this field and the
    resolve list are irrelevant.
 Resolve list
    This variable-length field contains a list of the VLAN identifiers
    of all static VLANs to which the endstation belongs, stored in
    Tag/Length/Value format (see Section 2.3). The number of entries
    in the list is specified in the count field.  This list is written
    by the previous owner switch.
    If the status of the response is Unknown, this field is
    irrelevant.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 48] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

6.6 Interswitch Tag-Based Flood Message

 There are two versions of the Interswitch Tag-Based Flood message
 used by the SecureFast VLAN product.

6.6.1 Prior to Version 1.8

 The Interswitch Tag-Based Flood message used by SFVLAN prior to
 version 1.8 consists of a variable number of octets, as shown below:
     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 00 |                                                               |
    +                         Frame header /                        +
    :                   ISMP packet header (type 7)                 :
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 20 |           Version             |            Opcode             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 24 |            Status             |           Call Tag            |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 28 |                                                               |
    +     Source MAC of packet      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 32 |                               |                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+     Originating switch MAC    +
 36 |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 40 |     Count     |                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                                               +
 44 |                           VLAN list                           |
    :                                                               :
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  n |                                                               |
    +                                                               +
    :                        Original packet                        :
    +                                                               +
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       n = 41 + length of VLAN list

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 49] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 Frame header/ISMP packet header
    This 20-octet field contains the frame header and the ISMP packet
    header.
 Version
    This 2-octet field contains the version number of the message
    type.  This document describes ISMP message type 7, version 1.
 Opcode
    This 2-octet field contains the operation code of the message. The
    value here should be 1, indicating the message is a flood request.
 Status
    This 2-octet field is currently unused.  It is reserved for future
    use.
 Call tag
    This 2-octet field contains the call tag of the endstation packet
    encapsulated within this tag-based flood message.  The call tag is
    a 16-bit value (generated by the originating switch) that uniquely
    identifies the packet.
 Source MAC of packet
    This 6-octet field contains the physical (MAC) address of the
    endstation that originated the packet identified by the call tag.
 Originating switch MAC
    This 6-octet field contains the physical (MAC) address of the
    switch that issued the original tag-based flooded message.
 Count
    This 1-octet field contains the number of VLAN identifiers
    included in the VLAN list.
 VLAN list
    This variable-length field contains a list of the VLAN identifiers
    of all VLANs to which the source endstation belongs.  Each entry
    in this list has the following format:

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 50] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    | Value length  |                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                                               +
    |                        VLAN identifier value                  |
    :                                                               :
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    The 1-octet value length field contains the length of the VLAN
    identifier.  VLAN identifiers can be from 1 to 16 characters long.
 Original packet
    This variable-length field contains the original packet as sent by
    the source endstation.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 51] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

6.6.2 Version 1.8

 The Interswitch Tag-Based Flood message used by SFVLAN version 1.8
 consists of a variable number of octets, as shown below:
    Note:
       SFVLAN version 1.8 also recognizes the Interswitch Tag-Based
       Flood message as described in Section 6.6.1.
     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 00 |                                                               |
    +                         Frame header /                        +
    :                   ISMP packet header (type 7)                 :
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 20 |       VLAN identifier         |           Version             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 24 |           Opcode              |            Status             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 28 |          Call tag             |                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+     Source MAC of packet      +
 32 |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 36 |                                                               |
    +    Originating switch MAC     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 40 |                               |     Count     |               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+               +
 44 |                                                               |
    :                           VLAN list                           :
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  n |                                                               |
    +                                                               +
    :                        Original packet                        :
    +                                                               +
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
          n = 41 + length of VLAN list
 Frame header/ISMP packet header
    This 20-octet field contains the frame header and the ISMP packet
    header.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 52] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

  1. The frame header source address contains a value of 02-00-1D-

00-xx-yy, where xx-yy is a value set by the VLAN Manager

       application to tag the frame header with the VLAN identifier.
       This value ranges from 2 to 4095.  For example, a value of 100
       would be set as 00-64.
  1. The frame header type field contains a value of 0x81FF. Note

that this differs from all other ISMP messages.

 VLAN identifier
    This 2-octet field contains the VLAN identifier of the packet
    source.
 Version
    This 2-octet field contains the version number of the message
    type.  This section describes version 2 of the Interswitch Tag-
    Based Flood message.
 Opcode
    This 2-octet field contains the operation code of the message.
    Valid values here are as follows:
    1  The message is a flood request.  The original packet is
       complete within this message.
    2  The message is a fragmented flood request.  The first portion
       of the original packet is contained in this message.
    3  The message is a fragmented flood request.  The second portion
       of the original packet is contained in this message.
 Status
    This 2-octet field is currently unused.  It is reserved for future
    use.
 Call tag
    This 2-octet field contains the call tag of the endstation packet
    encapsulated within this tag-based flood message.  The call tag is
    a 16-bit value (generated by the originating switch) that uniquely
    identifies the packet.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 53] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 Source MAC of packet
    This 6-octet field contains the physical (MAC) address of the
    endstation that originated the packet identified by the call tag.
 Originating switch MAC
    This 6-octet field contains the physical (MAC) address of the
    switch that issued the original tag-based flooded message.
 Count
    This 1-octet field contains the number of VLAN identifiers
    included in the VLAN list.
 VLAN list
    This variable-length field contains a list of the VLAN identifiers
    of all VLANs to which the source endstation belongs.  Each entry
    in this list has the following format:
     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    | Value length  |                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                                               +
    |                        VLAN identifier value                  |
    :                                                               :
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    The 1-octet value length field contains the length of the VLAN
    identifier.  VLAN identifiers can be from 1 to 16 characters long.
 Original packet
    This variable-length field contains the original packet as sent by
    the source endstation.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 54] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

6.7 Interswitch Tap/Untap Message

 The Interswitch Tap/Untap message consists of a variable number of
 octets, as shown below:
     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 00 |                                                               |
    +                         Frame header /                        +
    :                   ISMP packet header (type 8)                 :
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 20 |            Version            |            Opcode             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 24 |             Status            |          Error code           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 28 |           Header type         |         Header length         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 32 |            Direction          |                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+       Probe switch MAC        +
 36 |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 40 |                           Probe port                          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 44 |                                                               |
    +                                                               +
 48 |                           (Reserved)                          |
    +                                                               +
 52 |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 56 |                                                               |
    +                                                               +
    |                             Header                            |
    +                                                               +
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 Frame header/ISMP packet header
    This 20-octet field contains the frame header and the ISMP packet
    header.
 Version
    This 2-octet field contains the version number of the message
    type.  This document describes ISMP message type 8, version 1.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 55] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 Opcode
    tet field contains the operation type of the message. ues are as
    follows:
       1  The message is a Tap request.
       2  The message is a Tap response.
       3  The message is an Untap request.
       4  The message is an Untap response.
 Status
    This 2-octet field contains the current status of the tap request.
    Valid values are as follows:
       1  Switch must disable outport on untap. (DisableOutport)
       2  Switch must keep outports on untap. (KeepOutport)
       3  Probe not found this leg of spanning tree. (ProbeNotFound)
       4  Still searching for probe switch. (OutportDecisionUnknown)
       5  Unassigned. (StatusUnassigned)
       6  (reserved)
       7  (reserved)
       8  (reserved)
       9  (reserved)
    See Section 5.2.3 for details on the use of this field.
 Error code
    This 2-octet field contains the response message error code of the
    requested operation.  Valid values are as follows:
       1  Operation successful. (NoError)
       2  No response heard from downstream neighbor. (Timeout)
       3  Port does not exist on probe switch. (BadPort)
       4  Message invalid. (InvalidMessage)
       5  Version number invalid. (IncompatibleVersions)
 Header type
    This 2-octet field contains the type of information contained in
    the header field.  Currently, valid values are as follows:
    1  (reserved) 2  Header contains destination and source endstation
       MAC addresses.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 56] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

 Header length
    This 2-octet field contains the length of the header field.
    Currently, this field always contains a value of 12.
 Direction
    This 2-octet field contains a value indicating the type of tap.
    Valid values are as follows:
    1  (reserved)
    2  Tap is bi-directional and data should be captured flowing in
       either direction over the connection.
    3  Tap is uni-directional and data should be captured only when it
       flows from the source to the destination.
 Probe switch MAC
    This 6-octet field contains the physical (MAC) address of the
    switch to which the probe is attached.
 Probe port
    This 4-octet field contains the logical port number (on the probe
    switch) to which the probe is attached.
 Reserved
    These 12 octets are reserved.
 Header
    This variable-length field contains the header that identifies the
    connection being tapped.  The length of the header is stored in
    the length field.
    Currently, this field is 12 octets long and contains the 6-octet
    physical address of the connection's destination endstation,
    followed by the 6-octet physical address of the connection's
    source endstation, as shown below:

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 57] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                                                               |
    +    Destination MAC address    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                               |                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+      Source MAC address       +
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

7. Security Considerations

 Requested call connections are established or denied based on the
 VLAN policy of the source and destination addresses specified within
 the packet.  Section 4.4.1 discusses this process in detail.

8. References

 [RFC1700]   Reynolds, J. and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2,
             RFC 1700, October 1994.
 [IEEE]      "IEEE Standard 802.1d -- 1990"
 [IDvlsp]    Kane, L., "Cabletron's VLS Protocol Specification", RFC
             2642, August 1999.
 [IDhello]   Hamilton, D. and D. Ruffen, "Cabletron's VlanHello
             Protocol Specification", RFC 2641, August 1999.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 58] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

9. Authors' Addresses

 Dave Ruffen
 Cabletron Systems, Inc.
 Post Office Box 5005
 Rochester, NH  03866-5005
 Phone: (603) 332-9400
 EMail: ruffen@ctron.com
 Ted Len
 Cabletron Systems, Inc.
 Post Office Box 5005
 Rochester, NH  03866-5005
 Phone: (603) 332-9400
 EMail:  len@ctron.com
 Judy Yanacek
 Cabletron Systems, Inc.
 Post Office Box 5005
 Rochester, NH  03866-5005
 Phone: (603) 332-9400
 EMail:  jyanacek@ctron.com

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 59] RFC 2643 Cabletron's SecureFast VLAN Operational Model August 1999

10. Full Copyright Statement

 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999).  All Rights Reserved.
 This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
 others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
 or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
 and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
 kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
 included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
 document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
 the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
 Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
 developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
 copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
 followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
 English.
 The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
 revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
 This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
 "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
 TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
 BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
 HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Acknowledgement

 Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
 Internet Society.

Ruffen, et al. Informational [Page 60]

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