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rfc:rfc2569

Network Working Group R. Herriot Request For Comments: 2569 Xerox Corporation Category: Experimental N. Jacobs

                                                Sun Microsystems, Inc.
                                                           T. Hastings
                                                     Xerox Corporation
                                                             J. Martin
                                                      Underscore, Inc.
                                                            April 1999
               Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols

Status of this Memo

 This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet
 community.  It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.
 Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested.
 Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999).  All Rights Reserved.

IESG Note

 This document defines an Experimental protocol for the Internet
 community.  The IESG expects that a revised version of this protocol
 will be published as Proposed Standard protocol.  The Proposed
 Standard, when published, is expected to change from the protocol
 defined in this memo.  In particular, it is expected that the
 standards-track version of the protocol will incorporate strong
 authentication and privacy features, and that an "ipp:" URL type will
 be defined which supports those security measures.  Other changes to
 the protocol are also possible.  Implementors are warned that future
 versions of this protocol may not interoperate with the version of
 IPP defined in this document, or if they do interoperate, that some
 protocol features may not be available.
 The IESG encourages experimentation with this protocol, especially in
 combination with Transport Layer Security (TLS) [RFC 2246], to help
 determine how TLS may effectively be used as a security layer for
 IPP.

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 1] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

Abstract

 This document is one of a set of documents, which together describe
 all aspects of a new Internet Printing Protocol (IPP). IPP is an
 application level protocol that can be used for distributed printing
 using Internet tools and technologies. This document gives some
 advice to implementers of gateways between IPP and LPD (Line Printer
 Daemon). This document describes the mapping between (1) the commands
 and operands of the 'Line Printer Daemon (LPD) Protocol' specified in
 RFC 1179 and (2) the operations, operation attributes and job
 template attributes of the Internet Printing Protocol/1.0 (IPP).  One
 of the purposes of this document is to compare the functionality of
 the two protocols.  Another purpose is to facilitate implementation
 of gateways between LPD and IPP.
 WARNING: RFC 1179 was not on the IETF standards track.  While RFC
 1179 was intended to record existing practice, it fell short in some
 areas.  However, this specification maps between (1) the actual
 current practice of RFC 1179 and (2) IPP.  This document does not
 attempt to map the numerous divergent extensions to the LPD protocol
 that have been made by many implementers.
 The full set of IPP documents includes:
    Design Goals for an Internet Printing Protocol [RFC2567]
    Rationale for the Structure and Model and Protocol for the
    Internet Printing Protocol [RFC2568]
    Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Model and Semantics [RFC2566]
    Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Encoding and Transport [RFC2565]
    Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Implementors Guide [ipp-iig]
    Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols (this document)
 The document, "Design Goals for an Internet Printing Protocol", takes
 a broad look at distributed printing functionality, and it enumerates
 real-life scenarios that help to clarify the features that need to be
 included in a printing protocol for the Internet. It identifies
 requirements for three types of users: end users, operators, and
 administrators. It calls out a subset of end user requirements that
 are satisfied in IPP/1.0. Operator and administrator requirements are
 out of scope for version 1.0.
 The document, "Rationale for the Structure and Model and Protocol for
 the Internet Printing Protocol", describes IPP from a high level
 view, defines a roadmap for the various documents that form the suite
 of IPP specifications, and gives background and rationale for the
 IETF working group's major decisions.

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 2] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

 The document, "Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Model and Semantics",
 describes a simplified model with abstract objects, their attributes,
 and their operations. It introduces a Printer and a Job object. The
 Job object supports multiple documents per Job. It also addresses
 security, internationalization, and directory issues.
 The document, "Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Encoding and
 Transport", is a formal mapping of the abstract operations and
 attributes defined in the model document onto HTTP/1.1. It defines
 the encoding rules for a new Internet media type called '
 application/ipp'.
 This document "Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Implementer's Guide",
 gives advice to implementers of IPP clients and IPP objects.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 1. Introduction.....................................................4
 2. Terminology......................................................5
 3. Mapping from LPD Commands to IPP Operations......................5
 3.1 Print any waiting jobs..........................................6
 3.2 Receive a printer job...........................................6
 3.2.1 Abort job.....................................................7
 3.2.2 Receive control file..........................................7
 3.2.3 Receive data file.............................................8
 3.3 Send queue state (short)........................................8
 3.4 Send queue state (long)........................................10
 3.5 Remove jobs....................................................12
 4. Mapping of LPD Control File Lines to IPP Operation and Job
    Template Attributes.............................................13
 4.1 Required Job Functions.........................................13
 4.2 Optional Job Functions.........................................14
 4.3 Required Document Functions....................................14
 4.4 Recommended Document Functions.................................16
 5. Mapping from IPP operations to LPD commands.....................16
 5.1 Print-Job......................................................16
 5.2 Print-URI......................................................18
 5.3 Validate-Job...................................................18
 5.4 Create-Job.....................................................18
 5.5 Send-Document..................................................18
 5.6 Send-URI.......................................................18
 5.7 Cancel-Job.....................................................18
 5.8 Get-Printer-Attributes.........................................19
 5.9 Get-Job-Attributes.............................................19
 5.10 Get-Jobs......................................................20
 6. Mapping of IPP Attributes to LPD Control File Lines.............20
 6.1 Required Job Functions.........................................21
 6.2 Optional Job Functions.........................................21

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 3] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

 6.3 Required Document Functions....................................22
 7. Security Considerations.........................................23
 8. References......................................................23
 9. Authors' Addresses..............................................24
 10.Appendix A: ABNF Syntax for response of Send-queue-state (short)25
 11.Appendix B: ABNF Syntax for response of Send-queue-state (long) 26
 12.Appendix C: Unsupported LPD functions...........................27
 13.Full Copyright Statement........................................28

1. Introduction

 The reader of this specification is expected to be familiar with the
 IPP Model and Semantics specification [RFC2566], the IPP Encoding and
 Transport [RF2565], and the Line Printer Daemon (LPD) protocol
 specification [RFC1179] as described in RFC 1179.
 RFC 1179 was written in 1990 in an attempt to document existing LPD
 protocol implementations.  Since then, a number of undocumented
 extensions have been made by vendors to support functionality
 specific to their printing solutions.  All of these extensions
 consist of additional control file commands.  This document does not
 address any of these vendor extensions.  Rather it addresses existing
 practice within the context of the features described by RFC 1179.
 Deviations of existing practice from RFC 1179 are so indicated.
 Other LPD control file commands in RFC 1179 are obsolete. They are
 intended to work on "text" only formats and are inappropriate for
 many contemporary document formats that completely specify each page.
 This document does not address the support of these obsolete
 features.
 In the area of document formats, also known as page description
 languages (PDL), RFC 1179 defines a fixed set with no capability for
 extension.  Consequently, some new PDL's are not supported, and some
 of those that are supported are sufficiently unimportant now that
 they have not been registered for use with the Printer MIB [RFC1759]
 and IPP [RFC2566] [RFC2565], though they could be registered if
 desired.  See the Printer MIB specification [RFC1759] and/or the IPP
 Model specification [RFC2566] for instructions for registration of
 document-formats with IANA.  IANA lists the registered document-
 formats as "printer languages".
 This document addresses the protocol mapping for both directions:
 mapping of the LPD protocol to the IPP protocol and mapping of the
 IPP protocol to the LPD protocol. The former is called the "LPD-to-
 IPP mapper" and the latter is called the "IPP-to-LPD mapper".

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 4] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

 This document is an informational document that is not on the
 standards track.  It is intended to help implementers of gateways
 between IPP and LPD.  It also provides an example, which gives
 additional insight into IPP.

2. Terminology

 The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
 "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
 document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
 RFC 1179 uses the word "command" in two contexts: for over-the-wire
 operations and for command file functions. This document SHALL use
 the word "command" for the former and the phrase "functions" for the
 latter.  The syntax of the LPD commands is given using ABNF
 [RFC2234].
 The following tokens are used in order to make the syntax more
 readable:
    LF stands for %x0A (linefeed)
    SP stands for %x20.  (space)
    DIGIT stands for %x30-39 ("0" to "9")

3. Mapping from LPD Commands to IPP Operations

 This section describes the mapping from LPD commands to IPP
 operations.  Each of the following sub-sections appear as sub-
 sections of section 5 of RFC 1179.
 The following table summarizes the IPP operation that the mapper uses
 when it receives an LPD command. Each section below gives more
 detail:
    LPD command                IPP operation
    print-any-waiting-jobs     ignore
    receive-a-printer-job      Print-Job or Create-Job/Send-Document
          send queue state       Get-Printer-Attributes and Get-Jobs
            (short or long)
          remove-jobs          Cancel-Job

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 5] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

3.1 Print any waiting jobs

 Command syntax:
   print-waiting-jobs = %x01 printer-name LF
 This command causes the LPD daemon check its queue and print any
 waiting jobs. An IPP printer handles waiting jobs without such a
 nudge.
 If the  mapper receives this LPD command, it SHALL ignore it and send
 no IPP operation.

3.2 Receive a printer job

 Command syntax:
   receive-job = %x02 printer-name LF
 The control file and data files mentioned in the following paragraphs
 are received via LPD sub-commands that follow this command. Their
 mapping to IPP commands and attributes is described later in this
 section.
 The mapper maps the 'Receive a printer job' command to either:
  1. the Print-Job operation which includes a single data file or
  2. the Create-Job operation followed by one Send-Document operation

for each data file.

 If the IPP printer supports both Create-Job and Send-Document, and if
 a job consists of:
  1. a single data file, the mapper SHOULD use the Print-Job

operation, but MAY use the Create-Job and Send-Document

      operations.
    - more than one data file, the mapper SHALL use Create-Job
      followed by one Send-Document for each received LPD data file.
 If the IPP printer does not support both Create-Job and Send-
 Document, and if a job consists of:
  1. a single data file, the mapper SHALL use the PrintJob

operation.

  1. more than one data file, the mapper SHALL submit each received

LPD data file as a separate Print-Job operation (thereby

      converting a single LPD job into multiple IPP jobs).

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 6] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

 If the mapper uses Create-Job and Send-Document, it MUST send the
 Create-Job operation before it sends any Send-Document operations
 whether the LPD control file, which supplies attributes for Create-
 Job, arrives before or after all LPD data files.
 NOTE: This specification does not specify how the mapper maps: the
 LPD Printer-name operand to the IPP "printer-uri" operation
 attribute.
 The following three sub-sections gives further details about the
 mapping from LPD receive-a-printer-job sub-commands.  Each of the
 following subsections appear as sub-sections of section 6 of RFC
 1179.

3.2.1 Abort job

 Sub-command syntax:
    abort-job = %x1 LF
 This sub-command of receive-a-printer-job is intended to abort any
 job transfer in process.
 If the mapper receives this sub-command, it SHALL cancel the job that
 it is in the process of transmitting.
 If the mapper is in the process of sending a Print-Job or Create-Job
 operation, it terminates the job either by closing the connection, or
 performing the Cancel-Job operation with the job-uri that it received
 from the Print-Job or Create-Job operation.
 NOTE: This sub-command is implied if at any time the connection
 between the LPD client and server is terminated before an entire
 print job has been transferred via an LPD Receive-a-printer-job
 request.

3.2.2 Receive control file

 Sub-command syntax:
 receive-control-file = %x2 number-of-bytes SP name-of-control-file LF
 number-of-bytes = 1*DIGIT
 name-of-control-file = "cfA" job-number client-host-name
                        ; e.g. "cfA123woden"
 job-number = 3DIGIT
 client-host-name = <a host name>

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 7] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

 This sub-command is roughly equivalent to the IPP Create-Job
 operation.
 The mapper SHALL use the contents of the received LPD control file to
 create IPP operation attribute and job template attribute values to
 transmit with the Print-Job or Create-Job operation.

3.2.3 Receive data file

Sub-command syntax: %x3 number-of-bytes-in-data-file Name-of-data-file

 receive-data-file = %x03 number-of-bytes SP name-of-data-file LF
 number-of-bytes = 1*DIGIT
 name-of-data-file = "df" letter job-number client-host-name
             ; e.g. "dfA123woden for the first file
 letter = %x41-5A /  %x61-7A    ;  "A" to "Z", "a" to "z"
                                ;  first file is "A",
                                ; second "B", and  52nd file is "z"
 job-number = 3DIGIT
 client-host-name = <a host name>
 This sub-command is roughly equivalent to the IPP Send-Document
 operation.
 The mapper SHALL use the contents of the received LPD data file as
 the data to transmit with the IPP Print-Job or Send-Document
 operation.
 Although RFC 1179 alludes to a method for passing an unspecified
 length data file by using an octet-count of zero, no implementations
 support this feature. The mapper SHALL reject a job that has a value
 of 0 in the number-of-bytes field.

3.3 Send queue state (short)

 Command syntax:

send-queue-short = %x03 printer-name *(SP(user-name / job-number)) LF

 The mapper's response to this command includes information about the
 printer and its jobs. RFC 1179 specifies neither the information nor
 the format of its response. This document requires the mapper to
 follow existing practice as specified in this document.
 The mapper SHALL produce a response in the following format which
 consists of a printer-status line optionally followed by a heading
 line, and a list of jobs. This format is defined by examples below.
 Appendix A contains the ABNF syntax.

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 8] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

 For an printer with no jobs, the response starts in column 1 and is:
    no entries
 For a printer with jobs, an example of the response is:
   killtree is ready and printing
   Rank   Owner      Job          Files             Total Size
   active fred       123          stuff             1204 bytes
   1st    smith      124          resume, foo       34576 bytes
   2nd    fred       125          more              99 bytes
   3rd    mary       126          mydoc             378 bytes
   4th    jones      127          statistics.ps     4567 bytes
   5th    fred       128          data.txt          9 bytes
 The column numbers of above headings and job entries are:
   |      |          |            |                 |
   01     08         19           35                63
 The mapper SHALL produce each field above from the following IPP
 attribute:
 LPD field IPP attribute          special conversion details
 printer-  printer-state and      For a printer-state of idle or
 status    printer-state-reasons  processing, the mapper SHALL use
                                  the formats above.  For stopped,
                                  the mapper SHALL use printer-
                                  state-reasons to produce an
                                  unspecified format for the error.
 rank      number-of-             the mapper SHALL the format above
           intervening-jobs
 owner     job-originating-user-  unspecified conversion; job-
           name                   originating-user-name may be the
                                  mapper's user-name
 job       job-id                 the mapper shall use the job-id
 files     document-name          the mapper shall create a comma
                                  separated list of the document-
                                  names and then truncate this list
                                  to the first 24 characters
 total-    job-k-                 the mapper shall multiple the
 size      octets*copies*1024     value of job-k-octets by 1024 and
                                  by the value of the "copies"
                                  attribute.

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 9] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

 A mapper SHOULD use the job attribute number-of-intervening-jobs
 rather than the job's position in a list of jobs to determine 'rank'
 because a Printer may omit jobs that it wants to keep secret. If a
 printer doesn't support the job attribute number-of-intervening-jobs,
 a mapper MAY use the job's position.
 Note: a Printer may set the value of job-originating-user-name to the
 authenticated user or to the value of "requesting-user-name",
 depending on the implementation and configuration. For a gateway, the
 authenticated user is the user-id of the gateway, but the
 "requesting-user-name" may contain the name of the user who is the
 gateway's client.
 In order to obtain the information specified above, The LPD-to-IPP
 mapper SHALL use the Get-Printer-Attributes operation to get
 printer-status and SHOULD use the Get-Jobs operation to get
 information about all of the jobs. If the LPD command contains job-
 numbers or user-names, the mapper MAY handle the filtering of the
 response. If the LPD command contains job-numbers but no user-names,
 the mapper MAY use Get-Job-Attributes on each converted job-number
 rather than Get-Jobs. If the LPD command contains a single user-name
 but no job-numbers, the mapper MAY use Get-Jobs with the my-jobs
 option if the server supports this option and if the server allows
 the client to be a proxy for the LPD user.
 NOTE: This specification does not define how the mapper maps the LPD
 Printer-name operand to the IPP "printer-uri" operation attribute.

3.4 Send queue state (long)

 Command syntax:
 send-queue-long = %x04 printer-name *(SP(user-name / job-number)) LF
 The mapper's response to this command includes information about the
 printer and its jobs. RFC 1179 specifies neither the information nor
 the format of its response. This document requires the mapper to
 follow existing practice as specified in this document.
 The mapper SHALL produce a response in the following format which
 consists of a printer-status line optionally followed a list of jobs,
 where each job consists of a blank line, a description line, and one
 line for each file. The description line contains the user-name,
 rank, job-number and host. This format is defined by examples below.
 Appendix B contain the ABNF syntax.

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 10] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

 For an printer with no jobs the response is:
    no entries
 For a printer with jobs, an example of the response is:
    killtree is ready and printing
    fred: active                        [job 123 tiger]
            2 copies of stuff           602 bytes
    smith: 1st                          [job 124 snail]
            2 copies of resume          7088 bytes
            2 copies of foo             10200 bytes
    fred: 2nd                           [job 125 tiger]
            more                        99 bytes
    The column numbers of above headings and job entries are:
    |       |                           |
    01      09                          41
 Although the format of the long form is different from the format of
 the short form, their fields are identical except for a) the copies
 and host fields which are only in the long form, and b) the "size"
 field contains the single copy size of each file.  Thus the sum of
 the file sizes in the "size" field times the value of the "copies"
 field produces the value for the "Total Size" field in the short
 form. For fields other than the host and copies fields, see the
 preceding section.  For the host field see the table below.
    LPD field IPP attribute        special conversion details
    host                           unspecified conversion; job-
                                   originating-host may be the
                                   mapper's host
    copies    copies               the mapper shall assume the
                                   value of copies precedes the
                                   string "copies of "; otherwise,
                                   the value of copies is 1.
 NOTE: This specification does not define how the mapper maps the LPD
 Printer-name operand to the IPP printer-uri operation attribute.

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 11] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

3.5 Remove jobs

 Command syntax:
    remove-jobs = %x05 printer-name SP agent
                        *(SP(user-name / job-number)) LF
 The agent operand is the user-name of the user initiating the
 remove-jobs command. The special user-name 'root' indicates a
 privileged user who can remove jobs whose user-name differs from the
 agent.
 The mapper SHALL issue one Cancel-Job operation for each job
 referenced by the remove-jobs command. Each job-number in the
 remove-jobs command references a single job. Each user-name in the
 remove-jobs command implicitly references all jobs owned by the
 specified user. The active job is implicitly referenced when the
 remove-jobs command contains neither job-numbers nor user-names. The
 mapper MAY use Get-Jobs to determine the job-uri of implicitly
 referenced jobs.
 The mapper SHALL not use the agent name of 'root' when end-users
 cancel their own jobs.  Violation of this rule creates a potential
 security violation, and it may cause the printer to issue a
 notification that misleads a user into thinking that some other
 person canceled the job.
 If the agent of a remove-jobs command for a job J is the same as the
 user name specified with the 'P' function in the control file for job
 J, then the mapper SHALL ensure that the initiator of the Cancel-Job
 command for job J is the same as job-originating-user for job J.
 Note: This requirement means that a mapper must be consistent in who
 the receiver perceives as the initiator of IPP operations. The mapper
 either acts as itself or acts on behalf of another user. The latter
 is preferable if it is possible. This consistency is necessary
 between Print-Job/Create-Job and Cancel-Job in order for Cancel-Job
 to work, but it is also desirable for other operations. For example,
 Get-Jobs may give more information about job submitted by the
 initiator of this operation.
 NOTE: This specification does not define how the mapper maps: (1) the
 LPD printer-name to the IPP "printer-uri" or (2) the LPD job-number
 to the IPP "job-uri".
 NOTE: This specification does not specify how the mapper maps the LPD
 user-name to the IPP job-originating-user because the mapper may use
 its own user-name with jobs.

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 12] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

4. Mapping of LPD Control File Lines to IPP Operation and Job Template

 Attributes
 This section describes the mapping from LPD control file lines
 (called 'functions') to IPP operation attributes and job template
 attributes.  The mapper receives the control file lines via the LPD
 receive-control-file sub-command.  Each of the LPD functions appear
 as sub-sections of section 7 of RFC 1179.
 In LPD control file lines, the text operands have a maximum length of
 31 or 99 while IPP operation attribute and job template attribute
 values have a maximum of 255 or 1023 octets, depending on the
 attribute syntax.  Therefore, no data is lost.
 The mapper converts each supported LPD function to its corresponding
 IPP operation or job template attribute as defined by tables in the
 subsections that follow. These subsections group functions according
 to whether they are:
  1. required with a job,
  2. optional with a job
  3. required with each document.
 In the tables below, each LPD value is given a name, such as 'h'. If
 an IPP value uses the LPD value, then the IPP value column contains
 the LPD name, such as 'h' to denote this.  Otherwise, the IPP value
 column specifies the literal value.

4.1 Required Job Functions

 The following LPD functions MUST be in a received LPD job. The mapper
 SHALL receive each of the following LPD functions and SHALL include
 the information as a operation or job template attribute with each
 IPP job.  The functions SHOULD be in the order 'H', 'P' and they
 SHOULD be the first two functions in the control file, but they MAY
 be anywhere in the control file and in any order:
 LPD function                     IPP
 name value   description         name          value
 H    h       Originating Host                  h (in security layer)
 P    u       User identification requesting-   u (and in security
                                  user-name     layer)
              none                ipp-          'true'
                                  attribute-
                                  fidelity

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 13] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

 A mapper MAY send its own host rather than the client's host, and a
 mapper MAY send its own user-name as user identification rather than
 the client user. But in any case, the values sent SHALL be compatible
 with the Cancel-Job operation. The IPP operation MAY have no way to
 specify an originating host-name.
 The mapper SHALL include ipp-attribute-fidelity = true so that it
 doesn't have to determine which attributes a printer supports.

4.2 Optional Job Functions

 The following LPD functions MAY be present in a received job. These
 functions SHOULD follow the required job functions and precede the
 document functions, but they MAY be anywhere in the control file.
 If the mapper receives such an LPD function, the mapper SHALL include
 the corresponding IPP attribute with the value converted as specified
 in the table below.  If the mapper does not receive such an LPD
 attribute, the mapper SHALL NOT include the corresponding IPP
 attribute, except the 'L' LPD function whose absence has a special
 meaning as noted in the table.
 LPD function                  IPP
 name value  description       name         value
 J    j      Job name for      job-name     j
             banner page
 L    l      Print banner page job-sheets   'standard' if 'L' is
                                            present
                                            'none' if 'L' is present
 M    m      Mail When Printed              IPP has no notification
                                            mechanism. To support
                                            this LPD feature, the
                                            gateway must poll using
                                            the Get-Job-Attributes
                                            operation.

4.3 Required Document Functions

 The mapper SHALL receive one set of the required document functions
 with each copy of a document, and SHALL include the converted
 information as operation or job template attributes with each IPP
 document.
 If the control file contains required and recommended document
 functions, the required functions SHOULD precede the recommended ones
 and if the job contains multiple documents, all the functions for

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 14] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

 each document are grouped together as shown in the example of section
 6.3 "Required Document Functions". However, the document functions
 MAY be in any order.
 LPD function                   IPP
 name value description         name             value
 f     fff  Print formatted     document-format  'application/octet-
            file                                 stream'
 l     fff  Print file leaving  document-format  'application/octet-
            control characters                   stream'
 o     fff  Print Postscript    document-format  'application/PostScri
            output file                          pt'
                                copies           see note
 Note: In practice, the 'f' LPD function is often overloaded. It is
 often used with any format of document data including PostScript and
 PCL data.
 Note: In practice, the 'l' LPD function is often used as a rough
 equivalent to the 'f' function.
 Note: When RFC 1179 was written, no implementation supported the 'o'
 function; instead 'f' was used for PostScript. Windows NT now sends '
 o' function for a PostScript file.
 Note: the value 'fff' of the 'f', 'l' and 'o' functions is the name
 of the data file as transferred, e.g. "dfA123woden".
 If the mapper receives any other lower case letter, the mapper SHALL
 reject the job because the document contains a format that the mapper
 does not support.
 The mapper determines the number of copies by counting the number of
 occurrences of each 'fff' file with one of the lower-case functions
 above. For example, if 'f dfA123woden' occurs 4 times, then copies
 has a value of 4. Although the LPD protocol allows the value of
 copies to be different for each document, the commands and the
 receiving print systems don't support this.

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 15] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

4.4 Recommended Document Functions

 The mapper SHOULD receive one set of the recommended document
 functions with each document, and SHOULD include the converted
 information as an operation or job template attribute with each IPP
 document. The functions SHOULD be received in the order 'U' and 'N',
 but they MAY arrive in any order.
 LPD function                       IPP
 name  value   description          name              value
 U     fff                          ignored
 N     n       Name of source file  document-name     n
 Note: the value 'fff' of the 'U' function is the name of the data
 file as transferred, e.g. "dfA123woden".

5. Mapping from IPP operations to LPD commands

 If the IPP-to-LPD mapper receives an IPP operation, the following
 table summarizes the LPD command that it uses. Each section below
 gives the detail. Each of the following sub-sections appear as sub-
 sections of section 3 in the document "Internet Printing
 Protocol/1.0: Model and Semantics" [RFC2566].
 IPP operation                     LPD command
 Print-Job or Print-URI or         receive-a-printer-job
 Create-Job/Send-Document/Send-URI and then print-any-waiting-jobs
 Validate-Job                      implemented by the mapper
 Cancel-Job                        remove-jobs
 Get-Printer-Attributes, Get-Job-  send queue state (short or long)
 Attributes or Get-Jobs

5.1 Print-Job

 The mapper SHALL send the following commands in the order listed
 below:
  1. receive-a-printer-job command
  2. both receive-control-file sub-command and receive-data-file

sub-command (unspecified order, see Note below)

  1. print-any-waiting-jobs command, except that if the mapper is

sending a sequence of receive a printer-job commands, it MAY

      omit sending print-any-waiting-jobs after any receive a
      printer-job command that is neither the first nor last command
      in this sequence

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 16] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

 Note: it is recommended that the order of the receive-control-file
 subcommand and the receive-data-file sub-command be configurable
 because either order fails for some print systems. Some print systems
 assume that the control file follows all data files and start
 printing immediately on receipt of the control file. When such a
 print system tries to print a data file that has not arrived, it
 produces an error.  Other print systems assume that the control file
 arrives before the data files and start printing when the first data
 file arrives. Such a system ignores the control information, such as
 banner page or copies.
 NOTE: This specification does not define the mapping between the IPP
 printer-uri and the LPD printer-name.
 The mapper SHALL send the IPP operation attributes and job template
 attributes received from the operation to the LPD printer by using
 the LPD receive-control-file sub-command. The mapper SHALL create the
 LPD job-number for use in the control file name, but the receiving
 printer MAY, in some circumstances, assign a different job-number to
 the job.  The mapper SHALL create the IPP job-id and IPP job-uri
 returned in the Print-Job response.
 NOTE: This specification does not specify how the mapper determines
 the LPD job-number, the IPP job-id or the IPP job-uri of a job that
 it creates nor does it specify the relationship between the IPP job-
 uri, IPP the job-id and the LPD job-number, both of which the mapper
 creates.  However, it is likely that the mapper will use the same
 integer value for both the LPD job-number and the IPP job-id, and
 that the IPP Job-uri is the printer's URI with the job-id
 concatenated on the end.
 The mapper SHALL send data received in the IPP operation to the LPD
 printer by using the LPD receive-data-file sub-command. The mapper
 SHALL specify the exact number of bytes being transmitted in the
 number-of-bytes field of the receive-data-file sub-command. It SHALL
 NOT use a value of 0 in this field.
 If the mapper, while it is transmitting a receive-a-printer-job
 command or sub-command, either detects that its IPP connection has
 closed or receives a Cancel-Job operation, the mapper SHALL terminate
 the LPD job either with the abort sub-command or the remove-jobs
 command.
 This document does not address error code conversion.

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 17] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

5.2 Print-URI

 The mapper SHALL handle this operation in the same way as a Print-Job
 operation except that it SHALL obtain data referenced by the
 "document-uri" operation attribute and SHALL then treat that data as
 if it had been received via a Print-Job operation.

5.3 Validate-Job

 The mapper SHALL perform this operation directly. Because LPD
 supports very few attributes, this operation doesn't have much to
 check.

5.4 Create-Job

 The mapper SHALL handle this operation like Print-Job, except:
  1. the mapper SHALL send the control file after it has received the

last Send-Document or Send-URI operation because the control

      file contains all the document-name and document-format values
      specified in the Send-Document and Send-URI operations.
    - the mapper SHALL perform one receive-data-file sub-command for
      each Send-Document or Send-URI operation received and in the
      same order received.
    - the mapper SHALL send the control file either before all data
      files or after all data files. (See the note in the section on
      Print-Job about the dilemma of sending the control file either
      before or after the data files.

5.5 Send-Document

 The mapper performs a receive-data-file sub-command on the received
 data. See the preceding section 5.4 "Create-Job" for the details.

5.6 Send-URI

 The mapper SHALL obtain the data referenced by the "document-uri"
 operation attribute, and SHALL then treat that data as if it had been
 received via a Send-Document operation. See the preceding section 5.5
 "Send-Document" for the details.

5.7 Cancel-Job

 The mapper SHALL perform a remove-jobs command with the following
 operation attributes:

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 18] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

  1. the printer is the one to which the job was submitted, that is

the IPP printer-uri is mapped to an LPD printer-name by the same

      mechanism as for all commands
    - the agent is the authenticated user-name of the IPP client
    - the job-number is the job-id returned by the Print-Job command,
      that is, the LPD job-number has the same value as the IPP job-id
      for likely implementations

5.8 Get-Printer-Attributes

 LPD severely limits the set of attributes that the mapper is able to
 return in its response for this operation. The mapper SHALL support,
 at most, the following printer attributes:
  1. printer-state
  2. printer-state-reasons
 The mapper uses either the long or short form of the "send queue
 state" command.
 The mapper SHALL assume that the LPD response that it receives has
 the format and information specified in section 3.3 "Send queue state
 (short)" and section 3.4 "Send queue state (long)".  The mapper SHALL
 determine the value of each requested attribute by using the inverse
 of the mapping specified in the two aforementioned sections.
 Note: the mapper can determine the response from the printer-status
 line without examining the rest of the LPD response.

5.9 Get-Job-Attributes

 LPD severely limits the set of attributes that the mapper is able to
 return in its response for this operation. The mapper SHALL support,
 at most, the following job attributes:
  1. number-of-intervening-jobs
  2. job-originating-user-name
  3. job-id
  4. document-name
  5. job-k-octets
  6. copies
 The mapper uses either the long or short form of the "send queue
 state" command. If it receives a request for the "job-k-octets" or
 "copies" and supports the attribute it SHALL use the long form;
 otherwise, it SHALL use the short form.

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 19] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

 Note: the value of job-k-octets is the value in the short form
 divided by the number of "copies" which is on the long form only. Its
 value can also be determined by adding the "size" field values for
 each document in the job in the long form.
 The mapper SHALL assume that the LPD response that it receives has
 the format and information specified in section 3.3 "Send queue state
 (short)" and section 3.4 "Send queue state (long)".  The mapper SHALL
 determine the value of each requested attribute by using the inverse
 of the mapping specified in the two aforementioned sections.
 Note: when the mapper uses the LPD short form, it can determine the
 response from the single LPD line that pertains to the job specified
 by the Get-Job-Attributes operation.
 Note: the mapper can use its correspondence between the IPP job-id,
 job-uri and the LPD job-number.

5.10 Get-Jobs

 The mapper SHALL perform this operation in the same way as Get-Job-
 Attributes except that the mapper converts all the LPD job-lines, and
 the IPP response contains one job object for each job-line in the LPD
 response.

6. Mapping of IPP Attributes to LPD Control File Lines

 This section describes the mapping from IPP operation attributes and
 job template attributes to LPD control file lines (called '
 functions'). The mapper receives the IPP operation attributes and job
 template atributes via the IPP operation.  Each of the IPP operation
 attributes and job template attributes appear as sub-sections of
 section 3 and 4.2 in the IPP model document [RFC2566].
 In the context of LPD control file lines, the text operands have a
 maximum length of 31 or 99 while IPP operation attributes and job
 template attributes have a maximum of 255 or 1023 octets, depending
 on the attribute syntax.  Therefore, there may be some data loss if
 the IPP operation attribute and job template attribute values exceed
 the maximum length of the LPD equivalent operands.
 The mapper converts each supported IPP operation attribute and job
 template attribute to its corresponding LPD function as defined by
 tables in the subsections that follow. These subsections group
 functions according to whether they are:

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 20] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

  1. required with a job,
  2. optional with a job
  3. required with each document.
 In the tables below, each IPP value is given a name, such as 'h'. If
 an LPD value uses the IPP value, then the LPD value column contains
 the IPP name, such as 'h' to denote this.  Otherwise, the LPD value
 column specifies the literal value.

6.1 Required Job Functions

 The mapper SHALL include the following LPD functions with each job,
 and they SHALL have the specified value. They SHALL be the first
 functions in the control file and they SHALL be in the order "H" and
 then "P".
 IPP                           LPD function
 name                  value   name  value         description
 (perhaps in security  h       H     gateway host  Originating Host
 layer)
 requesting-user-name  u       P     u             User identification
 and in the security
 layer
 A mapper SHALL sends its own host rather than the client's host,
 because some LPD systems require that it be the same as the host from
 which the remove-jobs command comes.  A mapper MAY send its own user
 name as user identification rather than the client user. But in any
 case, the values sent SHALL be compatible with the LPD remove-jobs
 operation.

6.2 Optional Job Functions

 The mapper MAY include the following LPD functions with each job.
 They SHALL have the specified value if they are sent. These
 functions, if present, SHALL follow the require job functions, and
 they SHALL precede the required document functions.
 IPP attribute                      LPD function
 name           value               name value  description
 job-name       j                   J    j      Job name for banner
                                                page
 job-sheets     'standard'          L    u      Print banner page
 job-sheets     'none'                          omit 'L' function

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 21] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

 Note: 'L' has special meaning when it is omitted. If 'J' is omitted,
 some undefined behavior occurs with respect to the banner page.

6.3 Required Document Functions

 The mapper SHALL include one set of the following LPD functions with
 each document, and they SHALL have the specified values. For each
 document, the order of the functions SHALL be 'f', 'U' and then 'N',
 where 'f' is replicated once for each copy.
 IPP attribute                      LPD function
 name        value                  name value  description
 document-   'application/octet-    f    fff    Print formatted file
 format      stream' or
             'application/PostScript'
 copies      c                                  replicate 'f' 'c'
                                                times
 none                               U    fff    Unlink data file
 document-   n                      N    n      Name of source file
 name
 Note: the value 'fff' of the 'f' and 'U' functions is the name of the
 data file as transferred, e.g. "dfA123woden".
 Note: the mapper SHALL not send the 'o' function
 ISSUE: should we register DVI, troff or ditroff?
 If the mapper receives no "ipp-attribute-fidelitybest-effort" or it
 has a value of false, then the mapper SHALL reject the job if it
 specifies attributes or attribute values that are not among those
 supported in the above tables.
 Below is an example of the minimal control file for a job with three
 copies of two files 'foo' and 'bar':
    H tiger
    P jones
    f dfA123woden
    f dfA123woden
    f dfA123woden
    U dfA123woden
    N foo
    f dfB123woden
    f dfB123woden
    f dfB123woden

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 22] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

    U dfB123woden
    N bar

7. Security Considerations

 There are no security issues beyond those covered in the IPP Encoding
 and Transport document [RFC2565], the IPP model document [RFC2566]
 and the LPD document [RFC1179].

8. References

 [ipp-iig] Hasting, T., et al., "Internet Printing Protocol/1.0:
           Implementer's Guide", Work in Progress.
 [RFC1759] Smith, R., Wright, F., Hastings, T., Zilles, S., and J.
           Gyllenskog, "Printer MIB", RFC 1759, March 1995.
 [RFC1179] McLaughlin, L., "Line Printer Daemon Protocol", RFC 1179,
           August 1990.
 [RFC2119] Bradner, S. "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
           Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
 [RFC2234] D. Crocker et al., "Augmented BNF for Syntax
           Specifications:  ABNF", RFC 2234, November 1997.
 [RFC2565] Herriot, R., Butler, S., Moore, P. and R. Tuner, "Internet
           Printing Protocol/1.0: Encoding and Transport", RFC 2565,
           April 1999.
 [RFC2566] deBry, R., Hastings, T., Herriot, R., Isaacson, S., and P.
           Powell, "Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Model and
           Semantics", RFC 2566, April 1999.
 [RFC2567] Wright, D., "Design Goals for an Internet Printing
           Protocol", RFC 2567, April 1999.
 [RFC2568] Zilles, S., "Rationale for the Structure and Model and
           Protocol for the Internet Printing Protocol", RFC 2568,
           April 1999.

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 23] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

9. Authors' Addresses

 Robert Herriot (Editor)
 Xerox Corporation
 3400 Hillview Ave., Bldg #1
 Palo Alto, CA 94304
 Phone: 650-813-7696
 Fax:  650-813-6860
 EMail:  rherriot@pahv.xerox.com
 Norm Jacobs
 Sun Microsystems Inc.
 1430 Owl Ridge Rd.
 Colorado Springs, CO 80919
 Phone:  719-532-9927
 Fax:    719-535-0956
 EMail:  Norm.Jacobs@Central.sun.com
 Thomas N. Hastings
 Xerox Corporation
 701 S. Aviation Blvd., ESAE-231
 El Segundo, CA 90245
 Phone: 310-333-6413
 Fax:   310-333-5514
 EMail: hastings@cp10.es.xerox.com
 Jay Martin
 Underscore, Inc.
 41-C Sagamore Park Road
 Hudson, NH 03051-4915
 Phone:  603-889-7000
 Fax:  603-889-2699
 EMail:  jkm@underscore.com

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 24] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

10. Appendix A: ABNF Syntax for response of Send-queue-state (short)

 The syntax in ABNF for the response to the LPD command 'send-queue-
 state (long)' is:
  status-response = empty-queue / nonempty-queue
  empty-queue = "no-entries" LF
  nonempty-queue = printer-status LF heading LF *(job LF)
  printer-status =  OK-status / error-status
  OK-status = printer-name SP "ready and printing" LF
  error-status = < implementation dependent status information >
  heading = "Rank" 3SP "Owner" 6SP "Job" 13SP "Files"
                  23SP "Total Size" LF
                     ; the column headings and their values below begin
  at the columns
                     ; 1, 8, 19, 35 and 63
  job = rank *SP owner *SP job *SP files *SP total-size "bytes"
                    ; jobs are in order of oldest to newest
  rank = "active" / "1st" / "2nd" / "3rd" / integer "th"
                    ; job that is printing is "active"
                    ; other values show position in the queue
  owner = <user name of person who submitted the job>
  job = 1*3DIGIT   ; job-number
  files = <file name> *( "," <file name>) ; truncated to 24 characters
  total-size = 1*DIGIT  ; combined size in bytes of all documents

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 25] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

11. Appendix B: ABNF Syntax for response of Send-queue-state (long)

 The syntax in ABNF for the response to the LPD command 'send-queue-
 state (long)' is:
  status-response = empty-queue / nonempty-queue
  empty-queue = "no-entries" LF
  nonempty-queue = printer-status LF  *job
  printer-status =  OK-status / error-status
  OK-status = printer-name SP "ready and printing" LF
  error-status = < implementation dependent status information >
  job = LF line-1 LF line-2 LF
  line-1 = owner ":" SP rank 1*SP "[job" job SP host "]"
  line-2 =  file-name 1*SP document-size "bytes"
        ; jobs are in order of oldest to newest
  rank = "active" / "1st" / "2nd" / "3rd" / integer "th"
          ; job that is printing is "active"
          ; other values show position in the queue
  owner = <user name of person who submitted the job>
  job = 1*3DIGIT
  file-name = [ 1*DIGIT  "copies of" SP ] <file name>
                ; truncated to 24 characters
  document-size = 1*DIGIT  ;size of single copy of the document.

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 26] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

12. Appendix C: Unsupported LPD functions

 The follow LPD functions have no IPP equivalent. The LPD-to-IPP
 mapper ignores them and the IPP-to-LPD mapper does not send them.
  LPD command
  name  description
  C     Class for banner page
  I     Indent Printing
  H     Host of client
  M     Mail when printed
  S     Symbolic link data
  T     Title for pr
  W     Width of output
  1     troff R font
  2     troff I font
  3     troff B font
  4     troff S font
 The follow LPD functions specify document-formats which have no IPP
 equivalent, unless someone registers them. The LPD-to-IPP mapper
 rejects jobs that request such a document format, and the IPP-to-LPD
 mapper does not send them.
  LPD command
  name   description
  c      Plot CIF file
  d      Print DVI file
  g      Plot file
  k      reserved for Kerberized clients and servers
  n      Print ditroff output file
  p      Print file with 'pr' format
  r      File to print with FORTRAN carriage control
  t      Print troff output file
  v      Print raster file
  z      reserved for future use with the Palladium
         print system

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 27] RFC 2569 Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols April 1999

13. Full Copyright Statement

 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999).  All Rights Reserved.
 This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
 others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
 or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
 and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
 kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
 included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
 document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
 the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
 Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
 developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
 copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
 followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
 English.
 The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
 revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
 This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
 "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
 TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
 BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
 HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Herriot, et al. Experimental [Page 28]

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