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rfc:rfc2162

Network Working Group C. Allocchio Request for Comments: 2162 I.N.F.N. - Italy Obsoletes: 1405 January 1998 Category: Experimental

         MaXIM-11 - Mapping between X.400 / Internet mail
                                and
                            Mail-11 mail

Status of this Memo

 This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet
 community.  It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.
 Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested.
 Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998).  All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

 This document describes a set of mappings which will enable inter
 working between systems operating the ISO/IEC 10021 - CCITT (now ITU)
 X.400 Recommendations on Message Handling Systems, and systems
 running the Mail-11 (also known as DECnet mail or VMSmail) protocol.
 The specifications are valid both within DECnet Phase IV and
 DECnet/OSI addressing and routing scheme.
 The complete scenario of X.400 / MIME / Mail-11 is also considered,
 in order to cover the possible complex cases arising in multiple
 gateway translations.
 This document covers mainly the X.400 O/R address to/from Mail-11
 address mapping and the RFC822 to/from Mail-11 ones; other mappings
 are based on MIXER specifications. Bodypart mappings are not
 specified in this document: MIXER and MIME-MHS specifications can be
 applied to map bodyparts between X.400, MIME and Mail-11, too. In
 fact MIME encoding can be used without modifications within Mail-11
 text bodyparts.
 This document obsoletes RFC 1405, which was a combined effort of
 TERENA Working Group on Messaging, and the IETF X.400 Ops Working
 Group. This update was prepared by IETF MIXER working group.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 1] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.1. X.400

 The standard referred shortly into this document as "X.400" relates
 to the ISO/IEC 10021 - CCITT 1984, 1988 and 1992 X.400 Series
 Recommendations covering the Message Oriented Text Interchange
 Service (MOTIS). This document covers the Inter Personal Messaging
 System (IPMS) only.

1.2. Mail-11

 Mail-11, also known as DECnet mail and often improperly referred as
 VMSmail, is the proprietary protocol implemented by Digital Equipment
 Corporation (DEC) to establish a real-time text messaging system
 among systems implementing the DECnet Phase IV and DECnet/OSI (CLNS)
 networking protocols.

1.3. RFC822 / MIME

 RFC822 was defined as a standard for personal messaging systems
 within the DARPA Internet and is now diffused on top of many
 different message transfer protocols, like SMTP, UUCP, BITNET, JNT
 Grey Book, CSnet. MIME specifications allows transport of non-textual
 information into RFC822 messages. Their mapping with X.400 is fully
 described in MIXER and MIME-MHS. In this document we will consider
 their relations with Mail-11, too.

1.4. The user community

 The community using MIME or X.400 messaging system is currently
 growing in the whole world, but there is still a number of very large
 communities using Mail-11 based messaging systems willing to
 communicate easily with X.400 based Message Handling Systems and with
 MIME based systems. Among these large DECnet based networks we can
 include the High Energy Physics network (HEPnet) and the Space
 Physics Analysis Network (SPAN).
 Many other local communities actively use internally Mail-11 mailing
 protocols. As any other "non standard" mail protocol, using non
 standard mapping techniques between Mail-11 and standard mail systems
 can produce unpredictable results.
 For these reasons a set of rules covering conversion between Mail-11
 and X.400 or MIME is described in this document.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 2] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

 This document also covers the case of Mail-11 systems implementing
 the "foreign mail protocol" allowing Mail-11 to interface other mail
 systems, including RFC822 based system.

Chapter 2 - Message Elements

2.1. Service Elements

 Mail-11 protocol offers a very restricted set of elements composing a
 Inter Personal Message (IPM), whereas X.400 and RFC822/MIME
 specifications support a complex and large amount of service
 elements.  Considering the case where a message is relayed between
 two X.400 MHS or MIME Message Transport System (MTS) via a Mail-11
 messaging system this could result in a nearly complete loss of
 information.
 To minimise the inconvenience, any of the X.400 or MIME service
 elements which do not map directly into Mail-11 equivalent ones
 accordingly to this specification, will be included into Mail-11 text
 body parts as an additional RFC822-like header; this additional
 header will be inserted between the Mail-11 P2 headers (From:, To:,
 CC:, Subj:) and the other Mail-11 bodyparts. In particular, X.400
 elements will also be at first converted into textual representation
 before insertion.
 An example, where a multimedia message has been encoded into mail-11
 after having crossed also a MIME-MHS (MIXER conformant) gateway:
   From:  smtp%"Admin@SURFnet.nl"  "Erik"  18-OCT-1994 13:55:00.49
   To:    ALLOCCHIO
   CC:    smtp%"netman@MailFLOW.dante.net"
   Subj:  enjoy this nice picture!
   X400-Originator: root@sun3.SURFnet.nl
   X400-Recipients: Allocchio@elettra.ts.it, netman@MailFLOW.dante.net
   Sender: Erik Newmann <root@SURFnet.nl>
   Organisation: SURFnet bv
   Mime-Version: 1.0
   Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----- =_aaaaaa0"
   Content-ID: <21223.78342785@SURFnet.nl>
  1. —— =_aaaaaa0

Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"

   Content-ID: <21223.78342785@SURFnet.nl>
   look... you never saw this one!!
   I just include the picture in the next bodypart
   and I hope you get it fine.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 3] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

   regards,
   Erik                                         (continues...)
  1. —— =_aaaaaa0 (continued…)

Content-Type: image/gif

   Content-ID: <21223.78342785@SURFnet.nl>
   Content-Description: a nice snapshot!
   Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
   RAV8372FAASD83D721NSHDHD3ASDFJKHWEHKJHCBASDFA829CA8SDB29B132RBAKDFA
   9KSJ2KJAA0SDFNAL20DDKFALJ20AJDLFB239B9SC9B29BA9BDFADSDF03998ASDFASD
  1. —— =_aaaaaa0
 We need, in fact, to consider also the case when a message originates
 from a network implementing RFC822/MIME protocols and is relayed via
 Mail-11 to an X.400 MHS, or vice versa.
 Whenever any X.400 element not covered in this specification needs to
 be converted into textual representation (to be included into a
 Mail-11 RFC822-like header or text bodypart) we will apply the rules
 specified in MIXER (X.400 to RFC822/MIME sections).
 Vice versa, MIXER specification (RFC822/MIME to X.400 sections) also
 gives the correct rules to convert from textual representations
 contained into Mail-11 RFC822-like header or bodyparts into X.400
 elements.
 On the other hand, RFC822/MIME headers not covered by this
 specification are included 'as they are' into Mail-11 RFC822-like
 header and bodyparts. The way back from Mail-11 to RFC822/MIME
 structure becomes thus straightforward.
 The above methods assures maximum transparency and minimal or null
 loss of information also when Mail-11 is involved.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 4] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

2.2. Mail-11 service elements to X.400 service elements.

 All envelope (P1) and header (P2) Mail-11 service elements are
 supported in the conversion to X.400. Note that Mail-11 P1 is solely
 composed by P1-11.From and P1-11.To, and any other Mail-11 element
 belongs to Mail-11 P2:
  1. P1-11.From

maps to P1.Originator

  1. P1-11.To

maps to P1.Primary Recipient

  1. P2-11.'From:'

usually maps to P2.Originator (see section 2.6)

  1. P2-11.'To:'

maps to P2.Primary Recipient

  1. P2-11.'CC:'

maps to P2.Copy Recipient

  1. P2-11.Date

maps to P2.Submission Time Stamp

  1. P2-11.'Subj:'

maps to P2.Subject

 Any eventual RFC822-like text header in Mail-11 body part will be
 interpreted as specified into MIXER.

2.3. X.400 service elements to Mail-11 service elements

 The following X.400 service elements are supported directly into
 Mail-11 conversion:
  1. P1.Originator

maps to P1-11.'From:'

  1. P1.Primary Recipients

maps to P1-11.'To:'

  1. P2.Originator

usually maps to P2-11.'From:' (see section 2.6)

  1. P2.Primary Recipients

maps to P2-11.'To:'

Allocchio Experimental [Page 5] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

  1. P2.Copy Recipients

maps to P2-11.'CC:'

  1. P2.Submission Time Stamp

maps to P2-11.Date

  1. P2.Subject

maps to P2-11.'Subj:'

 The following X.400 service element is partially supported into
 Mail-11 conversion:
  1. P2.Blind Copy Recipient

to ensure the required privacy, when a message contains

              a BCC address, the following actions occurs:
              - a new message is created, containing the body parts;
              - a new envelope is added to the new message, containing
                the originator and the BCC recipient addresses only;
              - a note is added to the message informing the BCC
                recipient about the fact that the message was a BCC;
              - the new message is delivered separately;
              - a note is added to the message delivered to TO and CC
                recipients informing them about the fact that there
                were some BCC recipients, too.
 Any other X.400 service element support is done accordingly to MIXER
 including the mapped element into the RFC822-like header into Mail-11
 body part.

2.4. Mail-11 service elements to RFC822/MIME service elements.

 All envelope (P1) and header (P2) Mail-11 service elements are
 supported in the conversion to RFC822/MIME:
  1. P1-11.From

maps to 822-MTS.Originator

  1. P1-11.To

maps to 822-MTS.Primary Recipient

  1. P2-11.'From:'

usually maps to 822.'From:' (see section 2.6)

  1. P2-11.'To:'

maps to 822.'To:'

  1. P2-11.'CC:'

maps to 822.'Cc:'

Allocchio Experimental [Page 6] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

  1. P2-11.Date

maps to 822.'Date:'

  1. P2-11.'Subj:'

maps to 822.'Subject:'

 Any eventual RFC822-like text header in Mail-11 body part will be
 re-inserted into RFC822/MIME message 'as it is'.

2.5. RFC822/MIME service elements to Mail-11 service elements

 The following RFC822 service elements are supported directly into
 Mail-11 conversion:
  1. 822-MTS.Originator

maps to P1-11.From

  1. 822-MTS.Primary Recipients

maps to P1-11.To

  1. 822.'From:'

usually maps to P2-11.'From:' (see section 2.5)

  1. 822.'To:'

maps to P2-11.'To:'

  1. 822.'Cc:'

maps to P2-11.'CC:'

  1. 822.'Date:'

maps to P2-11.Date

  1. 822.'Subject:'

maps to P2-11.'Subj:'

Allocchio Experimental [Page 7] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

 The following RFC822 service element is partially supported into
 Mail-11 conversion:
  1. 822.'Bcc:'

to ensure the required privacy, when a message contains

              a BCC address, the following actions occurs:
              - a new message is created, containing the body parts;
              - a new envelope is added to the new message, containing
                the originator and the BCC recipient addresses only;
              - a note is added to the message informing the BCC
                recipient about the fact that the message was a BCC;
              - the new message is delivered separately;
              - a note is added to the message delivered to TO and CC
                recipients informing them about the fact that there
                were some BCC recipients, too.
 Any other RFC822/MIME service element support is done simply
 including the element 'as it is' into the RFC822-like header and into
 a Mail-11 body part.

2.6. Rules to define the Mail-11 P2-11.'From:' element

 Mail-11 User Agents (usually VMSmail) uses the P2-11.'From:' element
 as destination in case the REPLY command is issued, ignoring any
 other specification like 'Sender:' 'Reply-To:' 'Return-Path:' etc.
 Also a number of automatic responders uses this field only to address
 their messages.
 Is it thus essential to insert into this field the correct
 information, i.e. the correct address where, according to X.400 or
 RFC822 rules the REPLY command or any automatically generated message
 should go.
 The rules specified in RFC822, section 4.4.4 should be used as a
 selection criterion to define the content of this field.
 In particular, in case the P2-11.'From:' element is not generated
 from the P2.Originator (X.400) or from the 822.'From:' (RFC822), it
 is essential to preserve into a 'From:' record of the RFC822-like
 header the original information contained into the P2.Originator or
 822.'From:' fields.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 8] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

 Vice versa, when converting from Mail-11 into X.400 or RFC822/MIME
 the information contained into the 'From:' field of the RFC822-like
 header (if present) will supersede the one contained into the Mail-11
 P2-11.'From:'. An example:
   From:  smtp%"Admin@SURFnet.nl"  "Erik"  18-OCT-1994 13:55:00.49
   To:    ALLOCCHIO
   CC:    smtp%"netman@MailFLOW.dante.net"
   Subj:  enjoy this nice picture!
   From: Erik Newmann <root@SURFnet.nl>
   Reply-To: Admin@SURFnet.nl
   Organisation: SURFnet bv
   Message-Id: <21235.25442281@SURFnet.nl>
 when converting back into RFC822 the header will be:
   From: Erik Newmann <root@SURFnet.nl>
   Reply-To: Admin@SURFnet.nl
   To: Allocchio@elettra.ts.it
   Cc: netman@MailFLOW.dante.net
   Subject: enjoy this nice picture!
   Organisation: SURFnet bv
   Message-Id: <21235.25442281@SURFnet.nl>
 The described method, although violating canonical conversion
 principles, assures the maximum functionality to the users, and
 provides consistency in case of multiple conversions for a single
 message.

Chapter 3 - Basic Mappings

 The basic mappings indicated in MIXER and its updates should be fully
 used.
 A special consideration must be used for encoding RFC822 addresses
 containing quotes '"' into Mail-11. In fact Mail-11 addresses cannot
 contain that special character, as it is reserved to delimit "quoted
 strings" themselves, as when using the Mail-11 foreign mail protocol.
 An example:
    "John Poe"@Mixergw.local.ca.us    (RFC822)
 cannot be included in a Mail-11 foreign mail protocol address 'as
 is', due to the quotes in the LHS section. Quotes must thus be
 encoded.  MIXER specifies exactly how to encode quotes and other
 characters when translating RFC822 addresses into X.400. Mail-11
 addresses are not limited to printablestring, as for X.400, but a

Allocchio Experimental [Page 9] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

 subset of the MIXER encoding can be used for the quotes character,
 and, as a direct consequence, for open and closed round brackets '('
 and ')':
    smtp%"(q)John Poe(q)@Mixergw.local.ca.us"

Chapter 4 - Addressing - Mail-11 / X.400

4.1. Mail-11 addressing

 Mail-11 addressing can vary from a very simple case up to complex
 ones, if there are other Mail-11 to "something-else" gateways
 involved. In any case a Mail-11 address is an ASCII string composed
 of different elements.

4.2. X.400 addressing

 On the other hand, An X.400 O/R address is a collection of
 attributes, which can anyway be presented as an IA5 textual
 representation as defined in RFC1685 and CCITT F.401, Annex B.

4.3. Mail-11 address components

 Let us start defining the different parts composing a Mail-11
 address. Mail-11 addresses syntax is slightly different between Phase
 IV and DECnet/OSI cases:
  1. Phase IV: we consider a Mail-11 address as composed by 3 parts:
      [route] [node::] local-part
 where 'route' and 'node' are optional and only 'local-part' is
 compulsory.
  1. DECnet/OSI: we consider a Mail-11 address as composed by 3 parts:
      [net:] [node-clns::] local-part
 where 'net and 'node-clns' are optional and only 'local-part' is
 compulsory.
 Here comes a formal definition of these elements
   node = *(ALPHA/DIGIT) / *DIGIT / *DIGIT "." *DIGIT
   route = *(node "::")
   subdomain = *(ALPHA/DIGIT)

Allocchio Experimental [Page 10] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

   node-clns = *("." subdomain)
   net = *(ALPHA/DIGIT)
   local-part = username / nickname / for-protocol
   username = *(ALPHA/DIGIT)
   nickname = <printablestring - <" " and HTAB>>
   for-protocol = (f-pref f-sep <">f-address<">)
   f-pref = *(ALPHA/DIGIT)
   f-sep = "%" / "::"
   f-address = printablestring / RFC822-address / X400-text-address
   X400-text-address = <textual representation of an X.400 O/R addr>
   Please note that in x400-text-address both the ";" notation and the
   "/" notation are equivalent and allowed (see examples in different
   sect.)
      Some examples (Phase IV):
         route           node    local-part
         -----------------------------------------------------------
                                 USER47
                         MYNODE::BETTY
         BOSTON::CLUS02::GOOFY1::MARY34
                                 IN%"M.P.Tracy@Dicdum.cc.edu"
                 UCLA13::MVAX93::MRGATE::"MBOX1::MBX34::MYC3::BOB"
                         MIAMI2::George.Rosenthal
                 CCUBVX::VS3100::Jnet%"IAB3425@IBAX23L"
                                 MRGATE::"C=xx::A=bbb::P=ppp::S=Joe"
                         MAINVX::IN%"path1!path2!user%dom"
                         GWX400::gw%"C=xx;ADMD=aaa;PRMD=ppp;S=Lee;"
                         GX409A::x400%"/C=xx/A=aaa/P=ppp/S=Lee"
                                 smtp%"postmast@nodeb.bitnet"
                 MICKEY::PRFGAT::profs%"NANCY@IBMB"
                                 edu%"HU427BD%CSUNIB@abc.acme.edu"

Allocchio Experimental [Page 11] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

 Some examples (DECnet/OSI):
    net  node              local-part
    -----------------------------------------------------------
                            USER47
         .IT.MYDOM1.MYNODE::BETTY
    OMNI:.US.GOV.LB.GOOFY1::MARY34
                            IN%"M.P.Tracy@Dicdum.cc.edu"
    NET1:.SALES.ADM.MVAX93::MRGATE::"MBOX1::MBX34::MYC3::BOB"
           .FR.LYON.MIAMI2::George.Rosenthal
         .AU.ABXY2W.VS3100::Jnet%"IAB3425@IBAX23L"
                            MRGATE::"C=xx::A=bbb::P=ppp::S=Joe"
     INT:.GB.3LABV56.MAINV::IN%"path1!path2!user%dom"
                    GWX400::gw%"C=xx;ADMD=aaa;PRMD=ppp;S=Lee;"
                            smtp%"postmast@nodeb.bitnet"
    OMNI:.DE.TEST.V1.GWY32::GX409A::x400%"/C=xx/A=aaa/P=ppp/S=Lee"
 Note that also in DECnet/OSI there can be Phase IV like node names,
 the so called "Phase IV compatibility node names", but no 'route'
 term is allowed in front of them. In case the address consists of a
 DECnet/OSI 'net' and/or 'node' specification, plus an old Phase IV
 node address (like the last one in above examples) we consider the
 old Phese IV node name (GX409A) as 'local-part'.

Chapter 5 - Mapping - Mail-11 / X.400

5.1. Mapping scheme

 DECnet phase IV address field is somehow a 'flat land' with some
 obliged routes to reach some hidden areas. Thus a truly hierarchical
 mapping scheme using mapping rules as suitable for RFC822 is not the
 appropriate solution. A fixed set of encoding rules using DDAs
 support is defined in order to define the mapping.
 DECnet/OSI address field is, on the other hand, hyerarchical,
 implementing a real domain style organization, resembling very
 closely the RFC822 domain addresses. However also in DECnet/OSI
 networks the old Phase IV flat addresing schema remains valid,
 expecially for the so called 'Phase IV short aliases'. For this
 reason, and to keep mapping as simple as possible, the same set of
 fixed rules usind DDAs encoding will be used both for Phase IV and
 DECnet/OSI addresses.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 12] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

 Another important aspect of the problem is the coexistence in DECnet
 phase IV of many disjoint networks, using the same DECnet address
 space, i.e., common X.400 and/or RFC822 mailing system acting as glue
 to connect different isolated Mail-11 islands. In DECnet/OSI this
 aspect is more canonically approached, introducing the concept of
 'net', a unique name identifying the single internally fully
 interconnected DECnet network sharing the same DECnet/OSI name space.
 To identify uniquely each DECnet Phase IV network we will thus extend
 the concept of DECnet/OSI 'net' also to this case. We define as 'net'
 in Phase IV a unique ASCII string identifying the DECnet network we
 are connected to. If the Phase IV network is already migrating and
 thus interconnected to DECnet/OSI areas, the 'net' identifier already
 used in the DECnet/OSI areas is automatically extended to the whole
 DECnet community.
 If the network still uses Phase IV protocols only, a 'net' identifier
 must be chosen. In this case the 'net' element will identify the
 DECnet community being served, but it could also differ from the
 actual official network name. It is reccommended that the same 'net'
 identifier will be adopted unmodified when the eventual migration to
 DECnet/OSI will take place within that DECnet community.
 Aliases are allowed for the 'net' identifier. Some well known
 identifiers and aliases:
     net = 'OMNI'         the High Energy Physics & Space Physics
                          DECnet network;
 aliases:
     net = 'HEPnet'       alias for 'OMNI'
     net = 'SPAN'         alias for 'OMNI'
 The need of labelling each DECnet network with its name comes also
 from the requirement to implement the 'intelligent' gateway, i.e.,
 the gateway which is able to understand its ability to connect
 directly to the specified DECnet network, even if the O/R address
 specify a path to a different gateway. A more detailed discussion of
 the problem is in 5.3 and 5.5.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 13] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

 A registry of 'net' attributes to insure uniqueness of names must be
 established: this registry is the same one created for migration to
 DECnet/OSI. A simple table coupling 'net' and the gateway address is
 also used, in a syntax similar to the 'gate1' and 'gate2' tables used
 in MIXER. An example:
      OMNI#OU$Cosine-gw.O$@.PRMD$infn.ADMD$garr.C$IT#
      OMNI#O$ESRIN1.PRMD$esa.ADMD$Master400.C$it#
      HEPnet#OU$Cosine-gw.O$@.PRMD$infn.ADMD$garr.C$IT#
      HEPnet#O$ESRIN1.PRMD$esa.ADMD$Master400.C$it#
      SPAN#OU$Cosine-gw.O$@.PRMD$infn.ADMD$garr.C$IT#
      SPAN#O$ESRIN1.PRMD$esa.ADMD$Master400.C$it#
 Ambiguous left entries are allowed. Gateway implementations could
 simply choose among one of the specified gateways, or try them all in
 cyclic order to obtain better performances.
 Note that aliases are established using this gate table, too: simply
 add equivalent entries into the table, like the 'HEPnet' and 'SPAN'
 entries. Aliases, however, must be used only to enable users to use
 commonly used names, but any  gateway implementing this specification
 must generate addresses with official 'net' names, only ('OMNI' for
 the above table).
 The Mail-11 gateways table, however, just constitutes the list of the
 the appropriate MIXER address translation) RFC822 world. Any other
 gateway implementing this specification (and the related ones) should
 use its local name as first choice for the Mail-11 'net' it can
 reach, and use the official Mail-11 gateway table to reach only the
 non connected ones. This list of Mail-11 gateway entries is supposed
 to contain the list of 'net' tags and their aliases; as this list is
 usually small, currently we do not take into account distribution
 mechanisms for this information different from a static table.
 In order to keep the mapping rules very simple, avoiding the need to
 analyse Mail-11 addresses to distinguish the 'route', 'node', and
 Attributes (DDAs) needed to cover the mapping problem.

5.2. Mail-11 –> X.400

 We define the following Domain Defined Attributes to map a Mail-11
 address:
      DD.Dnet
      DD.Mail-11

Allocchio Experimental [Page 14] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

 We thus define the Mail-11 Phase IV mapping rule:
      route::node::localpart
    maps into
      C=xx; ADMD=yyy; PRMD=zzz; O=ooo; OU=uuu; DD.Dnet=net;
      DD.Mail-11=route::node::localpart;
 Meanwhile we define the mapping rule for Mail-11 DECnet/OSI:
      net:node-clns::localpart
    maps into
      C=xx; ADMD=yyy; PRMD=zzz; O=ooo; OU=uuu; DD.Dnet=net;
      DD.Mail-11=node-clns::localpart;
 with:
      xx  = country code of the gateway performing the conversion
      yyy = Admd of the gateway performing the conversion
      zzz = Prmd of the gateway performing the conversion
      ooo = Organisation of the gateway performing the conversion
      uuu = Org. Unit(s) of the gateway performing the conversion
      net = name of the DECnet network (e.g., OMNI, HEPnet, SPAN,...)
 ('zzz','ooo','uuu' being used or dropped appropriately in order to
 identify uniquely within the X.400 MHS the gateway performing the
 conversion).
 The following defaults also apply:
 if 'node' (or 'node-clns') is missing and we are mapping the Mail-11
 originator (From) then 'node' (or 'node-clns') defaults to the DECnet
 node name of the gateway (gwnode);
 if 'node' (or 'node-clns') is missing and we are mapping the Mail-11
 recipient (To, Cc) then 'node' (or 'node-clns') defaults to the
 DECnet node name of the 'From' address.
 if 'net' is missing, then it defaults to a value defined locally by
 the gateway: if the gateway is connected to one DECnet network only,
 then 'net' will be the name of this unique network; if the gateway is
 connected to more than one DECnet network, then the gateway will
 establish a 'first choice' DECnet network, and 'net' will default to
 this value.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 15] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

 The 'node' syntax (DECnet/OSI or Phase IV) depends on the DECnet
 protocol implemented and on the value of a system parameter (usually
 the MAIL$SYSTEM_FLAGS one) on the gateway host.
 In case 'local-part' contains 'x400-text-address' see also section
 6.4.3;
 In case 'local-part' contains 'RFC822-address' see also section
 6.4.4.

5.2.1. Examples

 Let us suppose that:
  1. the DECnet network name (net) is 'OMNI';
  2. the DECnet node name of the gateway (gwnode) is '.IT.DM.X4TDEC'

alias 'X4TDEC' in Phase IV;

  1. the Country Code of the gateway is 'IT' and its ADMD is 'garr'

(and these two fields are enough to identify uniquely the gateway

     within the X.400 MHS).
  USER47
   C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=OMNI; DD.Mail-11=.IT.DM.X4TDEC::USER47;
  MYNODE::BETTY
   C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=OMNI; DD.Mail-11=MYNODE::BETTY;
  BOSTON::GOOFY1::MARY34
   C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=OMNI; DD.Mail-11=BOSTON::GOOFY1::MARY34;
  .DE.UNI-BN.PHYS.NODE18::MARY34
   C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=OMNI;
   DD.Mail-11=.DE.UNI-BN.PHYS.NODE18::MARY34;
  UCLA13::MVAX93::MRGATE::"MBOX1::MBX34:MYC3::BOB"
   C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=OMNI;
   DD.Mail-11=UCLA13::MVAX93::MRGATE::(q)MBOX1::MBX34::MYC3::BOB(q)
  ENET:.US.CENTRAL.MIAMI2::George.Rosenthal
   C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=ENET;
   DD.Mail-11=.US.CENTRAL.MIAMI2::George.Rosenthal;
  MRGATE::"C=xx::A=bbb::P=ppp::S=Joe"
   C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=OMNI;
   DD.Mail-11=X4TDEC::MRGATE::(q)C=xx::A=bbb::P=ppp::S=Joe(q)

Allocchio Experimental [Page 16] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

  MAINVX::In%"path1!path2!user%dom"
   C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=OMNI;
   DD.Mail-11=MAINVX::In(p)(q)path1(b)path2(b)user(p)dom(q)

5.3. X.400 encoding of Mail-11 –> Mail-11

 In order to assure path reversibility in case of multiple Mail-
 11/X.400 gateway crossing we must distinguish two cases:
  1. DD.Dnet=net is known to the gateway as one of the DECnet networks

it is connected to. In this case the mapping is trivial:

      C=xx; ADMD=yyy; PRMD=zzz; O=ooo; OU=uuu; DD.Dnet=net;
      DD.Mail-11=route::node::localpart;
 (see sect. 5.2 for explication of 'xx','yyy','zzz','ooo','uuu','net')
 maps into
      route::node::localpart
 and for DECnet/OSI addresses
      C=xx; ADMD=yyy; PRMD=zzz; O=ooo; OU=uuu; DD.Dnet=net;
      DD.Mail-11=node-clns::localpart;
 maps into
      net:node-clns::localpart
  1. DD.Dnet=net is NOT known to the gateway as one of the DECnet

networks it is connected to. In this case the mapping rule

   described into section 5.4 apply:
      C=xx; ADMD=yyy; PRMD=www; DD.Dnet=net;
      DD.Mail-11=route::node::localpart;
 maps into
      gwnode::gw%"C=xx;ADMD=yyy;PRMD=www;DD.Dnet=net;
      DD.Mail-11=route::node::localpart;"

Allocchio Experimental [Page 17] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

 Again for DECnet/OSI addresses:
      C=xx; ADMD=yyy; PRMD=www; DD.Dnet=net;
      DD.Mail-11=node-clns::localpart;
 maps into
      gwnode::gw%"C=xx;ADMD=yyy;PRMD=www;DD.Dnet=net;
      DD.Mail-11=node-clns::localpart;"

5.3.1. Examples

 Let us suppose that:
  1. the DECnet network name (net) is 'OMNI';
  2. the DECnet node name of the gateway (gwnode) is '.IT.DM.X4TDEC';

alias 'X4TDEC' in Phase IV;

  1. the Country Code of the gateway is 'IT' and its ADMD is 'garr';
   (and these two fields are enough to identify uniquely the gateway
   within the X.400 MHS).
   C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=OMNI;
   DD.Mail-11=X4TDEC::MRGATE::(q)C=ab::A=dsa::P=qwty::OU=mie::S=Cly(q)
     MRGATE::"C=ab::A=dsa::P=qwty::OU=mie::S=Cly"
   C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=EASYNET; DD.Mail-11=ROM01::CARLO;
     X4TDEC::gw%"C=it;ADMD=garr;DD.Dnet=EASYNET;
     DD.Mail-11=ROM01::CARLO;"
 (in the above example 'EASYNET' is supposed to be not connected to
 our gateway located on .IT.DM.X4TDEC DECnet node).

5.4. X.400 –> Mail-11

 The mapping of an X.400 O/R address into Mail-11 is done encoding the
 various attributes into the X400-text-address as defined in chapter 4
 of MIXER, and including this as 'f-address'. A 'f-pref' and a the
 DECnet node name of the gateway.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 18] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

 Thus
    x400-text-address
 will be encoded like
    gwnode::gw%"x400-text-address"
 having spaces dividing attributes as optional.

5.4.1. Example

 Let us suppose that:
  1. the DECnet node name of the gateway (gwnode) is '.IT.DM.X4TDEC'

alias 'X4TDEC' in Phase IV, and 'net' is 'OMNI'

 Thus
    C=gb; ADMD=G400; PRMD=AC.UK; O=ucl; S=Clay;
 will be encoded like
  X4TDEC::gw%"/C=gb/A=G400/P=AC.UK/O=ucl/S=Clay"
 or its equivalent with the ";" notation and DECnet/OSI 'node'
  OMNI:.IT.DM.X4TDEC::gw%"C=gb;ADMD=G400;PRMD=AC.UK;O=ucl;S=Clay;"

5.5. Mail-11 encoding of X.400 –> X.400

 It can happen that Mail-11 is used to relay messages between X.400
 systems; this will mean multiple X.400/Mail-11 gateway crossing and
 we will encounter Mail-11 addresses containing embedded X.400
 informations. In order to assure path reversibility we must then
 distinguish two cases:

Allocchio Experimental [Page 19] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

  1. the embedded X.400 address belongs to a domain whose naming and

routing rules are known to the global X.400 MHS. In this case the

   mapping is trivial:
     route::gwnode::gw%"x400-text-address"
   or (for DECnet/OSI)
     net:gwnode::gw%"x400-text-address"
 maps into
     x400-text-address
    'route' and 'gwnode' are mapped into X.400 Trace service elements.
  1. the encoded X.400 domain does not belong to the global X.400 name

space. In this case the mapping rule described into section 5.2

   apply:
     route::gwnode::gw%"x400-text-address"
 maps into
     C=xx; ADMD=yyy; DD.Dnet=net;
     DD.Mail-11=route::gwnode::gw(p)(q)x400-text-address(q);
 and (for DECnet/OSI)
     net:gwnode::gw%"x400-text-address"
 maps into
     C=xx; ADMD=yyy; DD.Dnet=net;
     DD.Mail-11=gwnode::gw(p)(q)x400-text-address(q);
 The latter case is deprecated and must be regarded as a possible
 temporary solution only, while waiting to include into the global
 X.400 MHS also this domain.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 20] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

5.5.1. Examples

 Let us suppose that:
  1. the DECnet network name (net) is 'OMNI';
  2. the DECnet node name of the gateway (gwnode) is '.IT.DM.X4TDEC'

alias 'X4TDEC' in Phase IV;

  1. the Country Code of the gateway is 'IT' and its ADMD is 'garr';

(and these two fields are enough to identify uniquely the

     gateway within the X.400 MHS).
   X4TDEC::gw%"C=fr;ADMD=atlas;PRMD=ifip;O=poly;S=Moreau;"
     C=fr; ADMD=atlas; PRMD=ifip; O=poly; S=Moreau;
   X4TDEC::gw%"C=zz;ADMD= ;PRMD=Botwa;O=Miner;S=Chiuaw;"
     C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=OMNI;
     DD.Mail-11=X4TDEC::gw(p)(q)C=zz;ADMD= ;
     PRMD=Botwa;O=Miner;S=Chiuaw;(q)
 (in the above example  C=zz is unknown to the global X.400 MHS)

Chapter 6 - Mapping - Mail-11 / RFC822

6.1 Introduction

 The implementation of a Mail-11 - RFC822 gateway was faced by many
 software developers independently, and was included in many mail
 products which were running on both VMS and UNIX systems. As there
 was not a unique standard mapping way, the implementations resulted
 into a number of possible variant methods to map a Mail-11 address
 into an RFC822 one. Some of these products became then largely
 widespread, starting to create a number of de facto mapping methods.
 In this chapter some sort of standardisation of the mapping problem
 is considered, trying to be compatible with the existing installed
 software. We must also remind that, in some cases, only simple Mail-
 11 addresses could be mapped into RFC822, having complex ones
 producing all sort of quite strange results. In case DECnet/OSI
 Mail-11 addresses are involved we must also notice that only one
 mapping method can be used from/to RFC822 addresses.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 21] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

 On the other hand, the mapping of an RFC822 address in Mail-11 was
 quite straightforward, resulting in a common definition which uses
 "Mail-11 foreign mail protocol" to design an RFC822 address:
    [[node::][node::]...]prot%"rfc-822-address"
 or
    [node::][node::]...]prot::"rfc-822-address"
 or again for DECnet/OSI addresses
    [net:][node-clns::]prot%"rfc-822-address"
 or
    [net:][node-clns::]prot::"rfc-822-addres"

6.2 De facto implementations

 A considerable number of de-facto implementations of Mail-11/RFC822
 gateways is existing. As said in the introduction, the mapping of
 RFC822 addresses in Mail-11 is accomplished using the foreign mail
 protocol syntax and is thus unique.
 On the other hand, Mail-11 addresses are encoded in RFC822 syntax in
 various ways. Here are the most common ones:
      a) "node::user"@gateway-address
      b) user%node@gateway-address
      c) user@node.decnet.domains
      d) user%node.dnet@gateway-address

Let's have a quick look to these different choices.

 a - This form simply encloses as quoted Left Hand Side string the
     original Mail-11 address into the RFC822 address of the
     Mail-11/RFC822 gateway. This method is fully conformant with
     RFC822 syntax, and the Mail-11 address is left untouched; thus
     no encoding rules need to applied to it. This method applies also
     easily to DECnet/OSI Mail-11 addresses.
 b - As one will immediately notice, this form has nothing in it
     indicating the address is a Mail-11 one; this makes the encoding
     indistinguishable from a similar encoding of RSCS (BITnet)
     addresses used by some IBM VM Mailer systems. It should thus be
     deprecated.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 22] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

 c - In this case a sort of 'reserved word' (DECnet)  embedded into
     the address itself identifies the presence of a Mail-11 original
     address preceding it. The decoding is possible, dropping
     'domains' and extracting 'user' and 'node' parts. However complex
     Mail-11 addresses cannot be mapped properly in this syntax, and
     there is no specific rule for adding the 'domains' part of the
     address.
 d - In this case again there is a 'reserved word' (dnet)  which make
     possible the identification of the original Mail-11 address;
     'gateway-address' points to the Mail-11/RFC822 gateway and 'node'
     and 'user' information can be easily drawn from the address.
     However complex Mail-11 addresses cannot be embedded easily into
     this syntax.
 Note the only methods a) can be successfully used for DECnet/OSI
 Mail-11 addresses, while the other cases are already too complex to
 encode in a unique way such addresses in RFC822.

6.3 Recommended mappings

 From the examples seen in the previous paragraphs we can derive a
 canonical form for representing the mapping between Mail-11 and
 RFC822.

6.3.1 RFC822 mapped in Mail-11

 The mapping of an RFC822 address in Mail-11 is straightforward, using
 the "Mail-11 foreign mail protocol" syntax. The two possible variants
 for Phase IV are:
    [[node::][node::]...]prot%"rfc-822-address"
 or
    [node::][node::]...]prot::"rfc-822-address"
 The equivalent two possible variants for DECnet/OSI are:
    [net:][node-clns::]prot%"rfc-822-address"
 or
    [net:][node-clns::]prot::"rfc-822-address"

Allocchio Experimental [Page 23] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

6.3.2 Mail-11 mapped in RFC822

 RFC822 foresee a canonical form for representing non-RFC822
 addresses: put the foreign address in local part (Left Hand Side,
 LHS) is a form as similar as possible to its original syntax. Thus
 the suggested mapping both for Phase IV and DECnet/OSI is:
    "Mail-11-address"@gateway-address
 This format assures also the return path via the appropriate gateway.

6.3.3 Mail-11 (foreign mail protocol) mapped in RFC822

 A Mail-11 address containing a foreign mail protocol syntax can also
 contain the percent '%' character as a separator between the foreign
 protocol name and the actual address itself. In some cases the
 address part can also be an unquoted string. Some examples:
    deliver%swan
    myprot%root.owner
    listserv%my-private.list.A1
 If these addresses are encoded into an RFC822 address using the
 "natural" method described in 6.3.2, they will result in something
 which can be easily mismatched with an address using the percent hack
 in LHS for source routing.
    "myprot%root.owner"@lohost.mydom.edu    (Mail-11 address)
    "LISTSERV%IBMB.BITnet"@bitgate.anu.edu  (% routing address)
 The percent hack is strongly deprecated, and thus should be avoided;
 the second address above shoud be expressed as:
    @bitgate.anu.edu:"LISTSERV@IBMB.BITnet"
 However, in order to assure maximum functionality and avoid problems,
 it is recommended to encode Mail-11 addresses containing the foreign
 protocol specification in RFC822 syntax using the DD.Mail-11 and
 DD.dnet qualifiers, i.e.
    "/DD.Mail-11=myprot%root.owner/DD.dnet=OMNI"@lohost.mydom.edu
 The DD.dnet defaults as indicated in the similar cases for the Mail-
 11 / X.400 mappings. This encoding method can, of course, also be
 used to map any other Mail-11 address in RFC822, and is the only one
 which enable to specify the network name ('OMNI' in the above
 example) for DECnet Phase IV Mail-11 addresse. The method is fully

Allocchio Experimental [Page 24] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

 compatible with the results also produced by gateways following the
 MIXER specification for Mail-11 addresses encoded in X.400 and then
 translated into RFC822.

Chapter 7 - Complex mapping - X.400 / Mail-11 / RFC822

7.1. The protocol triangle

 The bilateral mappings described in chapters 5 and 6 must be extended
 in order to cover also the case in which also RFC822 addressing is
 involved, and the following triangular situation occurs:
                                 X.400
                                 /  \
                                /    \
                               /      \
                           Mail-11----RFC822
 The X.400 - RFC822 side is fully covered by MIXER, and the previous
 chapters in this document cover the Mail-11 - X.400 side and the
 Mail-11 - RFC822 one.

7.2. RFC822 mapped in Mail-11

 The 'RFC822-address' is usually included in 'local-part' as
       route::gwnode::gw%"rfc822-address"
 or the equivalent in DECnet/OSI:
       net:gwnode::gw%"rfc822-address"
 An example in Phase IV
       NVXA23::SMTPGW::in%"M.T.Rose@CS.UCLA.edu"
 and another one in DECnet/OSI
       OMNI:.FR.INET.LABOL.SMTPGW::in%"M.T.Rose@CS.UCLA.edu"

7.3. Mail-11 mapped in RFC822

 There are different styles in mapping a Mail-11 address in RFC822;
 let's have a short summary of what was traditionally done in some
 implementations.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 25] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

7.3.1 Mail-11 address encoded in "Left Hand Side" (LHS) of RFC822

    address, using "%" syntax or "::" syntax
      route::node::localpart      (Phase IV)
 maps to
      localpart%node%route@gw-domains
 or
       "route::node::localpart"@gw-domains
 Again, let's consider the DECnet/OSI case:
    net:node-clns::localpart      (DECnet/OSI)
 maps to
      "net:node-clns::localpart"@gw-domains
 (note that "%" encoding does not exist for this case)
 where 'gw-domains' identify uniquely the Mail-11 / RFC822 gateway.

7.3.2 Mail-11 address maps partly to LHS and partly to 'domain' part of

    RFC822 address
      node::localpart
 maps to
      localpart@node.gw-domains
 note that this kind of mapping does not exists with DECnet/OSI Mail-
 11 addresses.

7.3.3 Mail-11 address is completely hidden by a mapping table

 In this case the resultant RFC822 address contains no trace at all of
 the original Mail-11 address.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 26] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

7.4. Multiple conversions

 Let us now examine briefly the possible situations which involve
 multiple conversions, having one protocol as a relay between the
 other two. This summary suggest some possible enhanced solutions to
 avoid heavy and unduly mappings, but the 'step by step' approach,
 considering blindly one conversion as disjointed to the other, as
 described in the previous sections, can always be used.

7.4.1. X.400 –> RFC822 –> Mail-11

 We apply the MIXER rules to the first step, obtaining an RFC822
 address which can be mapped in Mail-11 using the 'f-address' field,
 as described in section 7.2.
 an example:
    C=gb; ADMD=Gold 400; PRMD=AC.UK; O=UCL; OU=cs; G=Jim; S=Clay;
 maps accordingly to MIXER to
    Jim.Clay@cs.UCL.AC.UK
 and finally becomes
    SMTPGW::In%"Jim.Clay@cs.UCL.AC.UK"
 and finally becomes
    SMTPGW::In%"Jim.Clay@cs.UCL.AC.UK"
 where 'SMTPGW' is the DECnet Phase IV node name of the machine
 running the RFC822 to Mail-11 gateway. Again, in case the machine
 running the RFC822 to Mail-11 gateway is a DECnet/OSI one (like
 OMNI:.US.VA.CENTRL) we would get
    OMNI:.US.VA.CENTRL::In%"Jim.Clay@cs.UCL.AC.UK"

7.4.2. Mail-11 –> RFC822 –> X.400

 Some of the possible mapping described in section 7.3 for Phase IV
 apply to the Mail-11 address, hiding completely its origin. The MIXER
 apply on the last step.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 27] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

 an example:
    RELAY::MYNODE::BETTY
 could map into RFC822 as
    BETTY%MYNODE@RELAY.dnet.gw1.it
 and accordingly to MIXER
    C=it; A=garr; P=dom1; O=gw1; OU=RELAY; S=BETTY(p)MYNODE;
 where 'dnet.gw1.it' is the domain of the machine running the Mail-11
 to RFC822 gateway.

7.4.3. X.400 –> Mail-11 –> RFC822

 The X.400 address is stored into Mail-11 'f-address' element as
 described in sections 5.3 and 5.4; then if the Mail-11 to RFC822
 gateway is able to understand the presence of a 'x400-text-address'
 nto the Mail-11 address, then it applies MIXER to it, and encodes
 header. Otherwise it applies the rules described in 7.3.
 an example:
   C=gb; ADMD=Gold 400; PRMD=AC.UK; O=UCL; OU=cs; G=Jim; S=Clay;
 will be encoded like
   X4TDEC::gw%"/C=gb/A=Gold 400/P=AC.UK/O=UCL/OU=cs/G=Jim/S=Clay"
 If the Mail-11 to RFC822 gateway recognise the x400-text-address,
 then the address becomes, accordingly to MIXER
   Jim.Clay@cs.UCL.AC.UK
 and the following RFC822 header line is added
   Received: from X4TDEC with DECnet (Mail-11) on xx-xxx-xxxx.
 Otherwise one of the dumb rules could produce
  gw%"/C=gb/A=Gold 400/P=AC.UK/O=UCL/OU=cs/G=Jim/S=Clay"@X4TDEC.doms
 The case with DECnet/OSI Mail-11 is conceptually identical.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 28] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

7.4.4. RFC822 –> Mail-11 –> X.400

 The RFC822 address is encoded in Mail-11 f-address element as
 described in sect. 7.2; then if the Mail-11 to X.400 gateway is able
 to understand the presence of an 'RFC822-address' into the Mail-11
 address, then it applies MIXER to it, and encodes 'route' and applies
 the rules described in 5.2 and 5.5.
 an example:
    Jim.Clay@cs.UCL.AC.UK
 will be encoded like
    SMTPGW::In%"Jim.Clay@cs.UCL.AC.UK"
 If the Mail-11 to X.400 gateway recognise the RFC822-address, then
 the address becomes, accordingly to MIXER
    C=gb; ADMD=Gold 400; PRMD=AC.UK; O=UCL; OU=cs; G=Jim; S=Clay;
 and a 'trace' record is added into the X.400 P1 data, stating that a
 node named SMTPGW was crossed.
 Otherwise dumb rule produces
    C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=HEP;
    DD.Mail-11=SMTPGW::In(p)(q)Jim.Clay(a)cs.UCL.AC.UK(q)
 Again, the case for DECnet/OSI Mail-11 addresses, is conceptually
 identical.

7.4.5. RFC822 –> X.400 –> Mail-11

 We apply MIXER to the first conversion, obtaining an X.400 address.
 Then the rules described in sections 5.3 and 5.4 are used to store
 the X.400 address as 'x400-text-address' into the Mail-11.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 29] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

 an example:
    Jim.Clay@cs.UCL.AC.UK
 maps accordingly to MIXER to
    C=gb; ADMD=Gold 400; PRMD=AC.UK; O=UCL; OU=cs; G=Jim; S=Clay;
 and finally becomes
    SMTPGW::gw%"/C=gb/A=Gold 400/P=AC.UK/O=UCL/OU=cs/G=Jim/S=Clay"
 where 'SMTPGW' is the DECnet Phase IV node name of the machine
 running the X.400 to Mail-11 gateway. No differences also for
 DECnet/OSI Mail-11 addresses.

7.4.6. Mail-11 –> X.400 –> RFC822

 The Mail-11 address is encoded as specified in sections 5.2 and 5.5;
 then MIXER is used to convert the address in RFC822.
 an example:
    RELAY::MYNODE::BETTY
 maps into X.400 as
    C=it; ADMD=garr; DD.Dnet=OMNI; DD.Mail-11=RELAY::MYNODE::BETTY;
 and accordingly to MIXER
    "/C=it/A=garr/DD.Dnet=OMNI/DD.Mail-11=RELAY::MYNODE::BETTY"@gw2.it
 where 'gw2.it' is the domain of the machine running the MIXER
 gateway.

7.4. Conclusions

 A standard way of mapping Mail-11 addresses into RFC822 and vice
 versa is feasible. A suggestion is thus made to unify all existing
 and future implementations. It should be noted, however, that it
 could be impossible (in case of DECnet Phase IV) to specify in these
 mappings the name of the decnet community owning the encoded address,
 as it can be always done for X.400; thus the implementation of the
 'intelligent' gateway in this case could result impossible.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 30] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

Chapter 8 - Notifications and Probes

8.1. Overview

 Mail-11 is a real time protocol, i.e. connection is established
 directly to the destination node. This makes possible some level of
 services like verification of an address, and delivery confirmation.
 However, Mail-11 User Agents ususally do not support notification or
 probe services, whereas it is possible to deliver the result of a
 notification or a probe to Mail-11. In this section we will briefly
 describe the level of service which can be obtained on these services
 when Mail-11 is involved.

8.2. Delivery of Notifications via Mail-11

 As described in the previous chapters, it is possible to transport
 also in Mail-11 with minimal loss of information complex information.
 This also includes Notifications. In fact Notifications in
 RFC822/MIME are encoded as MIME multipart messages: there are thus no
 problems in transporting these messages in Mail-11 as any other MIME
 message. Also X.400 Notifications can be transported and delivered
 via Mail-11: MIXER describes in fact how to convert them into MIME
 multipart messages, taking the problem back to the previous
 situation.
 Even when Mail-11 is just an intermediate step for a Notification
 message, this consideration just enable support for the service.

8.3. Generation of Notifications and Probes from Mail-11

 Although Mail-11 does not support Notification or Probe, the service
 could also be supported at gateway level. In fact, due to real time
 nature of Mail-11 protocol, the gateway could be reasonably sure that
 delivery until the other end of the Mail-11 path was successful or
 unsuccessful (and try to verify the feasibility of a delivery in case
 a Probe as requested). However, Mail-11 could just be an intermediate
 relay service, vanishing the value of the information.
 Implementation of this kind of service at gateway level is thus
 questionable, and if done, should clearly state the situation where
 it was generated, and the "confidence level" it conveys.

Security Considerations

 Security issues are not discussed in this memo.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 31] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

Acknowledgements

 I wish to thank all those people who read the first draft and
 contributed a lot with their useful suggestions to the revision of
 this document, in particular RARE WG1 and IETF X.400 ops group
 members and S. E. Kille.
 Thanks also to a number of implementors (among which Ned Freed,
 Julian Onions, The Hebrew University of Tel Aviv - Pine VMS support
 team), to the HEPnet Mail Technical Committee and to all my Mail-11
 "end users", in particular Enzo Valente, for their suggestions and
 wishes which helped me really a lot to prepare this revision of
 former RFC1405.

References

 [1]  CCITT, "CCITT Recommendations X.400-X.430", Message Handling
      Systems: Red Book, October 1984.
 [2]  CCITT, "CCITT Recommendations X.400-X.420", Message Handling
      Systems: Blue Book, November 1988.
 [3]  CCITT/ISO, "CCITT Recommendations X.400/ ISO IS 10021-1,"
      Message Handling: System and Service Overview , December 1992.
 [4]  Crocker D., "Standard of the Format of ARPA Internet Text
      Messages", STD 11, RFC 822, UDel, August 1982.
 [5]  Kille, S., "MIXER (Mime Internet X.400 Enhanced Relay):
      Mapping between X.400 and RFC 822/MIME", RFC 2156, January
      1998.
 [6]  Alvestrand H., Kille S., Miles R., Rose M., and Thompson S.,
      (MIME-MHS) "Mapping between X.400 and RFC-822 Message Bodies,"
      RFC 1495, Aug 1993.
 [7]  Digital Equipment Corp., "VMS Mail Utility".
 [8]  Joiner Associates Inc., "Jnet User's Manual".
 [9]  PMDF User's Guide.
 [10] Alvestrand, H. "Writing X.400 O/R Names", UNINETT / RFC1685,
      August 1994.
 [11] CCITT, "F.401 CCITT Message Handling Services - Operations and
      Definitions of Service - Naming and Addressing for Public
      Message Handling Services, Annex B (08/92)", August 1992.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 32] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

Author's Address

 Claudio Allocchio
 Sincrotrone Trieste
 SS 14 Km 163.5 Basovizza
 I 34012 Trieste
 Italy
 Phone:   +39 40 3758523
 Fax:     +39 40 3758565
 EMail:  Claudio.Allocchio@elettra.Trieste.it
         C=it; A=garr; P=Trieste; O=Elettra; S=Allocchio; G=Claudio;

Allocchio Experimental [Page 33] RFC 2162 MaXIM-11 January 1998

Full Copyright Statement

 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998).  All Rights Reserved.
 This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
 others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
 or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
 and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
 kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
 included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
 document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
 the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
 Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
 developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
 copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
 followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
 English.
 The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
 revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
 This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
 "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
 TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
 BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
 HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Allocchio Experimental [Page 34]

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