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rfc:rfc2059

Network Working Group C. Rigney Request for Comments: 2059 Livingston Category: Informational January 1997

                         RADIUS Accounting

Status of this Memo

 This memo provides information for the Internet community.  This memo
 does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of
 this memo is unlimited.

Abstract

 This document describes a protocol for carrying accounting
 information between a Network Access Server and a shared Accounting
 Server.

Table of Contents

 1.     Introduction ..........................................    2
    1.1       Specification of Requirements ...................    3
    1.2       Terminology .....................................    3
 2.     Operation .............................................    3
 3.     Packet Format .........................................    4
 4.     Packet Types ..........................................    6
    4.1       Accounting-Request ..............................    7
    4.2       Accounting-Response .............................    8
 5.     Attributes ............................................    9
    5.1       Acct-Status-Type ................................   11
    5.2       Acct-Delay-Time .................................   12
    5.3       Acct-Input-Octets ...............................   13
    5.4       Acct-Output-Octets ..............................   13
    5.5       Acct-Session-Id .................................   14
    5.6       Acct-Authentic ..................................   15
    5.7       Acct-Session-Time ...............................   16
    5.8       Acct-Input-Packets ..............................   17
    5.9       Acct-Output-Packets .............................   17
    5.10      Acct-Terminate-Cause ............................   18
    5.11      Acct-Multi-Session-Id ...........................   20
    5.12      Acct-Link-Count .................................   21
    5.13      Table of Attributes .............................   22
 Security Considerations ......................................   24
 References ...................................................   24
 Acknowledgements .............................................   24
 Chair's Address ..............................................   25
 Author's Address .............................................   25

Rigney Informational [Page 1] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

1. Introduction

 Managing dispersed serial line and modem pools for large numbers of
 users can create the need for significant administrative support.
 Since modem pools are by definition a link to the outside world, they
 require careful attention to security, authorization and accounting.
 This can be best achieved by managing a single "database" of users,
 which allows for authentication (verifying user name and password) as
 well as configuration information detailing the type of service to
 deliver to the user (for example, SLIP, PPP, telnet, rlogin).
 The RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service) document [4]
 specifies the RADIUS protocol used for Authentication and
 Authorization.  This memo extends the use of the RADIUS protocol to
 cover delivery of accounting information from the Network Access
 Server (NAS) to a RADIUS accounting server.
 Key features of RADIUS Accounting are:
    Client/Server Model
       A Network Access Server (NAS) operates as a client of the
       RADIUS accounting server.  The client is responsible for
       passing user accounting information to a designated RADIUS
       accounting server.
       The RADIUS accounting server is responsible for receiving the
       accounting request and returning a response to the client
       indicating that it has successfully received the request.
       The RADIUS accounting server can act as a proxy client to other
       kinds of accounting servers.
    Network Security
       Transactions between the client and RADIUS accounting server
       are authenticated through the use of a shared secret, which is
       never sent over the network.
    Extensible Protocol
       All transactions are comprised of variable length Attribute-
       Length-Value 3-tuples.  New attribute values can be added
       without disturbing existing implementations of the protocol.
 In this document, several words are used to signify the requirements
 of the specification.  These words are often capitalized.

Rigney Informational [Page 2] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

1.1 Specification of Requirements

 MUST      This word, or the adjective "required", means that the
           definition is an absolute requirement of the specification.
 MUST NOT  This phrase means that the definition is an absolute
           prohibition of the specification.
 SHOULD    This word, or the adjective "recommended", means that there
           may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to
           ignore this item, but the full implications must be
           understood and carefully weighed before choosing a
           different course.
 MAY       This word, or the adjective "optional", means that this
           item is one of an allowed set of alternatives.  An
           implementation which does not include this option MUST be
           prepared to interoperate with another implementation which
           does include the option.

1.2. Terminology

 This document uses the following terms:
 service   The NAS provides a service to the dial-in user, such as PPP
           or Telnet.
 session   Each service provided by the NAS to a dial-in user
           constitutes a session, with the beginning of the session
           defined as the point where service is first provided and
           the end of the session defined as the point where service
           is ended.  A user may have multiple sessions in parallel or
           series if the NAS supports that, with each session
           generating a separate start and stop accounting record with
           its own Acct-Session-Id.
 silently discard
           This means the implementation discards the packet without
           further processing.  The implementation SHOULD provide the
           capability of logging the error, including the contents of
           the silently discarded packet, and SHOULD record the event
           in a statistics counter.

2. Operation

 When a client is configured to use RADIUS Accounting, at the start of
 service delivery it will generate an Accounting Start packet
 describing the type of service being delivered and the user it is

Rigney Informational [Page 3] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

 being delivered to, and will send that to the RADIUS Accounting
 server, which will send back an acknowledgement that the packet has
 been received.  At the end of service delivery the client will
 generate an Accounting Stop packet describing the type of service
 that was delivered and optionally statistics such as elapsed time,
 input and output octets, or input and output packets.  It will send
 that to the RADIUS Accounting server, which will send back an
 acknowledgement that the packet has been received.
 The Accounting-Request (whether for Start or Stop) is submitted to
 the RADIUS accounting server via the network. It is recommended that
 the client continue attempting to send the Accounting-Request packet
 until it receives an acknowledgement, using some form of backoff.  If
 no response is returned within a length of time, the request is re-
 sent a number of times.  The client can also forward requests to an
 alternate server or servers in the event that the primary server is
 down or unreachable.  An alternate server can be used either after a
 number of tries to the primary server fail, or in a round-robin
 fashion.  Retry and fallback algorithms are the topic of current
 research and are not specified in detail in this document.
 The RADIUS accounting server MAY make requests of other servers in
 order to satisfy the request, in which case it acts as a client.
 If the RADIUS accounting server is unable to successfully record the
 accounting packet it MUST NOT send an Accounting-Response
 acknowledgment to the client.

3. Packet Format

 Exactly one RADIUS Accounting packet is encapsulated in the UDP Data
 field [1], where the UDP Destination Port field indicates 1813
 (decimal).
 When a reply is generated, the source and destination ports are
 reversed.

Rigney Informational [Page 4] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

 A summary of the RADIUS data format is shown below.  The fields are
 transmitted from left to right.
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |     Code      |  Identifier   |            Length             |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |                                                               |
 |                         Authenticator                         |
 |                                                               |
 |                                                               |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |  Attributes ...
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-

Code

 The Code field is one octet, and identifies the type of RADIUS
 packet.  When a packet is received with an invalid Code field, it is
 silently discarded.
 RADIUS Accounting Codes (decimal) are assigned as follows:
      4       Accounting-Request
      5       Accounting-Response

Identifier

 The Identifier field is one octet, and aids in matching requests and
 replies.

Length

 The Length field is two octets.  It indicates the length of the
 packet including the Code, Identifier, Length, Authenticator and
 Attribute fields.  Octets outside the range of the Length field
 should be treated as padding and should be ignored on reception.  If
 the packet is shorter than the Length field indicates, it should be
 silently discarded.  The minimum length is 20 and maximum length is
 4096.

Authenticator

 The Authenticator field is sixteen (16) octets.  The most significant
 octet is transmitted first.  This value is used to authenticate the
 messages between the client and RADIUS accounting server.

Rigney Informational [Page 5] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

 Request Authenticator
    In Accounting-Request Packets, the Authenticator value is a 16
    octet MD5 [3] checksum, called the Request Authenticator.
    The NAS and RADIUS accounting server share a secret.  The Request
    Authenticator field in Accounting-Request packets contains a one-
    way MD5 hash calculated over a stream of octets consisting of the
    Code + Identifier + Length + 16 zero octets + request attributes +
    shared secret (where + indicates concatenation).  The 16 octet MD5
    hash value is stored in the Authenticator field of the
    Accounting-Request packet.
    Note that the Request Authenticator of an Accounting-Request can
    not be done the same way as the Request Authenticator of a RADIUS
    Access-Request, because there is no User-Password attribute in an
    Accounting-Request.

Response Authenticator

 The Authenticator field in an Accounting-Response packet is called
 the Response Authenticator, and contains a one-way MD5 hash
 calculated over a stream of octets consisting of the Accounting-
 Response Code, Identifier, Length, the Request Authenticator field
 from the Accounting-Request packet being replied to, and the response
 attributes if any, followed by the shared secret.  The resulting 16
 octet MD5 hash value is stored in the Authenticator field of the
 Accounting-Response packet.

Attributes

 Attributes may have multiple instances, in such a case the order of
 attributes of the same type SHOULD be preserved.  The order of
 attributes of different types is not required to be preserved.

4. Packet Types

 The RADIUS packet type is determined by the Code field in the first
 octet of the packet.

Rigney Informational [Page 6] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

4.1. Accounting-Request

 Description
    Accounting-Request packets are sent from a client (typically a
    Network Access Server or its proxy) to a RADIUS accounting server,
    and convey information used to provide accounting for a service
    provided to a user.  The client transmits a RADIUS packet with the
    Code field set to 4 (Accounting-Request).
    Upon receipt of an Accounting-Request, the server MUST transmit an
    Accounting-Response reply if it successfully records the
    accounting packet, and MUST NOT transmit any reply if it fails to
    record the accounting packet.
    Any attribute valid in a RADIUS Access-Request or Access-Accept
    packet is valid in a RADIUS Accounting-Request packet, except that
    the following attributes MUST NOT be present in an Accounting-
    Request: User-Password, CHAP-Password, Reply-Message, State.
    Either NAS-IP-Address or NAS-Identifier MUST be present in a
    RADIUS Accounting-Request.  It SHOULD contain a NAS-Port or NAS-
    Port-Type attribute or both unless the service does not involve a
    port or the NAS does not distinguish among its ports.
 A summary of the Accounting-Request packet format is shown below.
 The fields are transmitted from left to right.
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |     Code      |  Identifier   |            Length             |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |                                                               |
 |                     Request Authenticator                     |
 |                                                               |
 |                                                               |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |  Attributes ...
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-
 Code
    4 for Accounting-Request.
 Identifier
    The Identifier field MUST be changed whenever the content of the
    Attributes field changes, and whenever a valid reply has been

Rigney Informational [Page 7] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

    received for a previous request.  For retransmissions where the
    contents are identical, the Identifier MUST remain unchanged.
    Note that if Acct-Delay-Time is included in the attributes of an
    Accounting-Request then the Acct-Delay-Time value will be updated
    when the packet is retransmitted, changing the content of the
    Attributes field and requiring a new Identifier and Request
    Authenticator.
 Request Authenticator
    The Request Authenticator of an Accounting-Request contains a 16-
    octet MD5 hash value calculated according to the method described
    in "Request Authenticator" above.

Attributes

 The Attributes field is variable in length, and contains a list of
 Attributes.

4.2. Accounting-Response

 Description
    Accounting-Response packets are sent by the RADIUS accounting
    server to the client to acknowledge that the Accounting-Request
    has been received and recorded successfully.  If the Accounting-
    Request was recorded successfully then the RADIUS accounting
    server MUST transmit a packet with the Code field set to 5
    (Accounting-Response).  On reception of an Accounting-Response by
    the client, the Identifier field is matched with a pending
    Accounting-Request.  Invalid packets are silently discarded.
    A RADIUS Accounting-Response is not required to have any
    attributes in it.

Rigney Informational [Page 8] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

 A summary of the Accounting-Response packet format is shown below.
 The fields are transmitted from left to right.
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |     Code      |  Identifier   |            Length             |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |                                                               |
 |                     Response Authenticator                    |
 |                                                               |
 |                                                               |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |  Attributes ...
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-
 Code
    5 for Accounting-Response.
 Identifier
    The Identifier field is a copy of the Identifier field of the
    Accounting-Request which caused this Accounting-Response.
 Response Authenticator
    The Response Authenticator of an Accounting-Response contains a
    16-octet MD5 hash value calculated according to the method
    described in "Response Authenticator" above.
 Attributes
    The Attributes field is variable in length, and contains a list of
    zero or more Attributes.

5. Attributes

 RADIUS Attributes carry the specific authentication, authorization
 and accounting details for the request and response.
 Some attributes MAY be included more than once.  The effect of this
 is attribute specific, and is specified in each attribute
 description.
 The end of the list of attributes is indicated by the Length of the
 RADIUS packet.

Rigney Informational [Page 9] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

 A summary of the attribute format is shown below.  The fields are
 transmitted from left to right.
  0                   1                   2
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |     Type      |    Length     |  Value ...
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 Type
    The Type field is one octet.  Up-to-date values of the RADIUS Type
    field are specified in the most recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC [2].
    Values 192-223 are reserved for experimental use, values 224-240
    are reserved for implementation-specific use, and values 241-255
    are reserved and should not be used.  This specification concerns
    the following values:
         1-39   (refer to RADIUS document [4])
        40      Acct-Status-Type
        41      Acct-Delay-Time
        42      Acct-Input-Octets
        43      Acct-Output-Octets
        44      Acct-Session-Id
        45      Acct-Authentic
        46      Acct-Session-Time
        47      Acct-Input-Packets
        48      Acct-Output-Packets
        49      Acct-Terminate-Cause
        50      Acct-Multi-Session-Id
        51      Acct-Link-Count
        60+     (refer to RADIUS document [4])
 Length
    The Length field is one octet, and indicates the length of this
    attribute including the Type, Length and Value fields.  If an
    attribute is received in an Accounting-Request with an invalid
    Length, the entire request should be silently discarded.
 Value
    The Value field is zero or more octets and contains information
    specific to the attribute.  The format and length of the Value
    field is determined by the Type and Length fields.
    The format of the value field is one of four data types.

Rigney Informational [Page 10] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

    string    0-253 octets
    address   32 bit value, most significant octet first.
    integer   32 bit value, most significant octet first.
    time      32 bit value, most significant octet first -- seconds
              since 00:00:00 GMT, January 1, 1970.  The standard
              Attributes do not use this data type but it is presented
              here for possible use within Vendor-Specific attributes.

5.1. Acct-Status-Type

 Description
    This attribute indicates whether this Accounting-Request marks the
    beginning of the user service (Start) or the end (Stop).
    It MAY be used by the client to mark the start of accounting (for
    example, upon booting) by specifying Accounting-On and to mark the
    end of accounting (for example, just before a scheduled reboot) by
    specifying Accounting-Off.
 A summary of the Acct-Status-Type attribute format is shown below.
 The fields are transmitted from left to right.
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |     Type      |    Length     |             Value
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
            Value (cont)         |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 Type
    40 for Acct-Status-Type.
 Length
    6

Rigney Informational [Page 11] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

 Value
    The Value field is four octets.
     1      Start
     2      Stop
     7      Accounting-On
     8      Accounting-Off

5.2. Acct-Delay-Time

 Description
    This attribute indicates how many seconds the client has been
    trying to send this record for, and can be subtracted from the
    time of arrival on the server to find the approximate time of the
    event generating this Accounting-Request.  (Network transit time
    is ignored.)
    Note that changing the Acct-Delay-Time causes the Identifier to
    change; see the discussion under Identifier above.
 A summary of the Acct-Delay-Time attribute format is shown below.
 The fields are transmitted from left to right.
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |     Type      |    Length     |             Value
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
            Value (cont)         |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 Type
    41 for Acct-Delay-Time.
 Length
    6
 Value
    The Value field is four octets.

Rigney Informational [Page 12] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

5.3. Acct-Input-Octets

 Description
    This attribute indicates how many octets have been received from
    the port over the course of this service being provided, and can
    only be present in Accounting-Request records where the Acct-
    Status-Type is set to Stop.
 A summary of the Acct-Input-Octets attribute format is shown below.
 The fields are transmitted from left to right.
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |     Type      |    Length     |             Value
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
            Value (cont)         |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 Type
    42 for Acct-Input-Octets.
 Length
    6
 Value
    The Value field is four octets.

5.4. Acct-Output-Octets

 Description
    This attribute indicates how many octets have been sent to the
    port in the course of delivering this service, and can only be
    present in Accounting-Request records where the Acct-Status-Type
    is set to Stop.

Rigney Informational [Page 13] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

 A summary of the Acct-Output-Octets attribute format is shown below.
 The fields are transmitted from left to right.
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |     Type      |    Length     |             Value
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
            Value (cont)         |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 Type
    43 for Acct-Output-Octets.
 Length
    6
 Value
    The Value field is four octets.

5.5. Acct-Session-Id

 Description
    This attribute is a unique Accounting ID to make it easy to match
    start and stop records in a log file.  The start and stop records
    for a given session MUST have the same Acct-Session-Id.  It is
    strongly recommended that the Acct-Session-Id be a printable ASCII
    string.
    For example, one implementation uses a string with an 8-digit
    upper case hexadecimal number, the first two digits increment on
    each reboot (wrapping every 256 reboots) and the next 6 digits
    counting from 0 for the first person logging in after a reboot up
    to 2^24-1, about 16 million.  Other encodings are possible.

Rigney Informational [Page 14] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

 A summary of the Acct-Session-Id attribute format is shown below.
 The fields are transmitted from left to right.
  0                   1                   2
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |     Type      |    Length     |  String ...
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 Type
    44 for Acct-Session-Id.
 Length
    >= 3
 String
    The String field SHOULD be a string of printable ASCII characters.

5.6. Acct-Authentic

 Description
    This attribute MAY be included in an Accounting-Request to
    indicate how the user was authenticated, whether by RADIUS, the
    NAS itself, or another remote authentication protocol.  Users who
    are delivered service without being authenticated SHOULD NOT
    generate Accounting records.
 A summary of the Acct-Authentic attribute format is shown below.  The
 fields are transmitted from left to right.
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |     Type      |    Length     |             Value
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
            Value (cont)         |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 Type
    45 for Acct-Authentic.

Rigney Informational [Page 15] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

 Length
    6
 Value
    The Value field is four octets.
     1      RADIUS
     2      Local
     3      Remote

5.7. Acct-Session-Time

 Description
    This attribute indicates how many seconds the user has received
    service for, and can only be present in Accounting-Request records
    where the Acct-Status-Type is set to Stop.
 A summary of the Acct-Session-Time attribute format is shown below.
 The fields are transmitted from left to right.
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |     Type      |    Length     |             Value
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
            Value (cont)         |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 Type
    46 for Acct-Session-Time.
 Length
    6
 Value
    The Value field is four octets.

Rigney Informational [Page 16] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

5.8. Acct-Input-Packets

 Description
    This attribute indicates how many packets have been received from
    the port over the course of this service being provided to a
    Framed User, and can only be present in Accounting-Request records
    where the Acct-Status-Type is set to Stop.
 A summary of the Acct-Input-packets attribute format is shown below.
 The fields are transmitted from left to right.
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |     Type      |    Length     |             Value
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
            Value (cont)         |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 Type
    47 for Acct-Input-Packets.
 Length
    6
 Value
    The Value field is four octets.

5.9. Acct-Output-Packets

 Description
    This attribute indicates how many packets have been sent to the
    port in the course of delivering this service to a Framed User,
    and can only be present in Accounting-Request records where the
    Acct-Status-Type is set to Stop.

Rigney Informational [Page 17] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

 A summary of the Acct-Output-Packets attribute format is shown below.
 The fields are transmitted from left to right.
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |     Type      |    Length     |             Value
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
            Value (cont)         |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 Type
    48 for Acct-Output-Packets.
 Length
    6
 Value
    The Value field is four octets.

5.10. Acct-Terminate-Cause

 Description
    This attribute indicates how the session was terminated, and can
    only be present in Accounting-Request records where the Acct-
    Status-Type is set to Stop.
 A summary of the Acct-Terminate-Cause attribute format is shown
 below.  The fields are transmitted from left to right.
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |     Type      |    Length     |             Value
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
            Value (cont)         |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 Type
    49 for Acct-Terminate-Cause

Rigney Informational [Page 18] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

 Length
    6
 Value
    The Value field is four octets, containing an integer specifying
    the cause of session termination, as follows:
    1       User Request
    2       Lost Carrier
    3       Lost Service
    4       Idle Timeout
    5       Session Timeout
    6       Admin Reset
    7       Admin Reboot
    8       Port Error
    9       NAS Error
    10      NAS Request
    11      NAS Reboot
    12      Port Unneeded
    13      Port Preempted
    14      Port Suspended
    15      Service Unavailable
    16      Callback
    17      User Error
    18      Host Request
    The termination causes are as follows:
    User Request         User requested termination of service, for
                         example with LCP Terminate or by logging out.
    Lost Carrier         DCD was dropped on the port.
    Lost Service         Service can no longer be provided; for
                         example, user's connection to a host was
                         interrupted.
    Idle Timeout         Idle timer expired.
    Session Timeout      Maximum session length timer expired.
    Admin Reset          Administrator reset the port or session.
    Admin Reboot         Administrator is ending service on the NAS,
                         for example prior to rebooting the NAS.

Rigney Informational [Page 19] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

    Port Error           NAS detected an error on the port which
                         required ending the session.
    NAS Error            NAS detected some error (other than on the
                         port) which required ending the session.
    NAS Request          NAS ended session for a non-error reason not
                         otherwise listed here.
    NAS Reboot           The NAS ended the session in order to reboot
                         non-administratively ("crash").
    Port Unneeded        NAS ended session because resource usage fell
                         below low-water mark (for example, if a
                         bandwidth-on-demand algorithm decided that
                         the port was no longer needed).
    Port Preempted       NAS ended session in order to allocate the
                         port to a higher priority use.
    Port Suspended       NAS ended session to suspend a virtual
                         session.
    Service Unavailable  NAS was unable to provide requested service.
    Callback             NAS is terminating current session in order
                         to perform callback for a new session.
    User Error           Input from user is in error, causing
                         termination of session.
    Host Request         Login Host terminated session normally.

5.11. Acct-Multi-Session-Id

 Description
    This attribute is a unique Accounting ID to make it easy to link
    together multiple related sessions in a log file.  Each session
    linked together would have a unique Acct-Session-Id but the same
    Acct-Multi-Session-Id.  It is strongly recommended that the Acct-
    Multi-Session-Id be a printable ASCII string.

Rigney Informational [Page 20] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

 A summary of the Acct-Session-Id attribute format is shown below.
 The fields are transmitted from left to right.
  0                   1                   2
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |     Type      |    Length     |  String ...
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 Type
    50 for Acct-Multi-Session-Id.
 Length
    >= 3
 String
    The String field SHOULD be a string of printable ASCII characters.

5.12. Acct-Link-Count

 Description
    This attribute gives the count of links which are known to have
    been in a given multilink session at the time the accounting
    record is generated.  The NAS MAY include the Acct-Link-Count
    attribute in any Accounting-Request which might have multiple
    links.
 A summary of the Acct-Link-Count attribute format is show below.  The
 fields are transmitted from left to right.
  0                   1                   2                   3
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 |     Type      |    Length     |             Value
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
            Value (cont)         |
 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 Type
    51 for Acct-Link-Count.

Rigney Informational [Page 21] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

 Length
    6
 Value
    The Value field is four octets, and contains the number of links
    seen so far in this Multilink Session.
    It may be used to make it easier for an accounting server to know
    when it has all the records for a given Multilink session.  When
    the number of Accounting-Requests received with Acct-Status-Type =
    Stop and the same Acct-Multi-Session-Id and unique Acct-Session-
    Id's equals the largest value of Acct-Link-Count seen in those
    Accounting-Requests, all Stop Accounting-Requests for that
    Multilink Session have been received.
    An example showing 8 Accounting-Requests should make things
    clearer.  For clarity only the relevant attributes are shown, but
    additional attributes containing accounting information will also
    be present in the Accounting-Request.
    Multi-Session-Id   Session-Id   Status-Type   Link-Count
    "10"               "10"         Start         1
    "10"               "11"         Start         2
    "10"               "11"         Stop          2
    "10"               "12"         Start         3
    "10"               "13"         Start         4
    "10"               "12"         Stop          4
    "10"               "13"         Stop          4
    "10"               "10"         Stop          4

5.13. Table of Attributes

 The following table provides a guide to which attributes may be found
 in Accounting-Request packets.  No attributes should be found in
 Accounting-Response packets except Proxy-State and possibly Vendor-
 Specific.
                    #     Attribute
                    0-1   User-Name
                    0     User-Password
                    0     CHAP-Password
                    0-1   NAS-IP-Address [4]
                    0-1   NAS-Port
                    0-1   Service-Type
                    0-1   Framed-Protocol

Rigney Informational [Page 22] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

                    0-1   Framed-IP-Address
                    0-1   Framed-IP-Netmask
                    0-1   Framed-Routing
                    0+    Filter-Id
                    0-1   Framed-MTU
                    0+    Framed-Compression
                    0+    Login-IP-Host
                    0-1   Login-Service
                    0-1   Login-TCP-Port
                    0     Reply-Message
                    0-1   Callback-Number
                    0-1   Callback-Id
                    0+    Framed-Route
                    0-1   Framed-IPX-Network
                    0     State
                    0+    Class
                    0+    Vendor-Specific
                    0-1   Session-Timeout
                    0-1   Idle-Timeout
                    0-1   Termination-Action
                    0-1   Called-Station-Id
                    0-1   Calling-Station-Id
                    0-1   NAS-Identifier [4]
                    0+    Proxy-State
                    0-1   Login-LAT-Service
                    0-1   Login-LAT-Node
                    0-1   Login-LAT-Group
                    0-1   Framed-AppleTalk-Link
                    0-1   Framed-AppleTalk-Network
                    0-1   Framed-AppleTalk-Zone
                    1     Acct-Status-Type
                    0-1   Acct-Delay-Time
                    0-1   Acct-Input-Octets
                    0-1   Acct-Output-Octets
                    1     Acct-Session-Id
                    0-1   Acct-Authentic
                    0-1   Acct-Session-Time
                    0-1   Acct-Input-Packets
                    0-1   Acct-Output-Packets
                    0-1   Acct-Terminate-Cause
                    0+    Acct-Multi-Session-Id
                    0+    Acct-Link-Count
                    0     CHAP-Challenge
                    0-1   NAS-Port-Type
                    0-1   Port-Limit
                    0-1   Login-LAT-Port

Rigney Informational [Page 23] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

 [4] An Accounting-Request MUST contain either a NAS-IP-Address or a
 NAS-Identifier, and it is permitted (but not recommended) for it to
 contain both.
 The following table defines the above table entries.
    0     This attribute MUST NOT be present
    0+    Zero or more instances of this attribute MAY be present.
    0-1   Zero or one instance of this attribute MAY be present.
    1     Exactly one instance of this attribute MUST be present.

Security Considerations

 Security issues are briefly discussed in sections concerning the
 authenticator included in accounting requests and responses, using a
 shared secret which is never sent over the network.

References

 [1]   Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
       USC/Information Sciences Institute, August 1980.
 [2]   Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2, RFC
       1700, USC/Information Sciences Institute, October 1994.
 [3]   Rivest, R., and S. Dusse, "The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm",
       RFC 1321, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, RSA Data
       Security Inc., April 1992.
 [4]   Rigney, C., Rubens, A., Simpson, W., and S. Willens, "Remote
       Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)", RFC 2058,
       January 1997.

Acknowledgments

 RADIUS and RADIUS Accounting were originally developed by Livingston
 Enterprises for their PortMaster series of Network Access Servers.

Rigney Informational [Page 24] RFC 2059 RADIUS Accounting January 1997

Chair's Address

 The RADIUS working group can be contacted via the current chair:
 Carl Rigney
 Livingston Enterprises
 6920 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 220
 Pleasanton, California  94566
 Phone: +1 510 426 0770
 EMail: cdr@livingston.com

Author's Address

 Questions about this memo can also be directed to:
 Carl Rigney
 Livingston Enterprises
 6920 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 220
 Pleasanton, California  94566
 EMail: cdr@livingston.com

Rigney Informational [Page 25]

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