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rfc:rfc2620

Network Working Group B. Aboba Request for Comments: 2620 G. Zorn Category: Informational Microsoft

                                                               June 1999
                    RADIUS Accounting Client MIB

Status of this Memo

 This memo provides information for the Internet community.  This memo
 does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of
 this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999).  All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

 This memo defines a set of extensions which instrument RADIUS
 accounting client functions. These extensions represent a portion of
 the Management Information Base (MIB) for use with network management
 protocols in the Internet community.  Using these extensions IP-based
 management stations can manage RADIUS accounting clients.

1. Introduction

 This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB)
 for use with network management protocols in the Internet community.
 In particular, it describes managed objects used for managing RADIUS
 accounting clients.
 Today a wide range of network devices, including routers and NASes,
 act as RADIUS accounting clients in order to provide accounting
 services.  As a result, the effective management of RADIUS accounting
 clients is of considerable importance.

2. The SNMP Management Framework

 The SNMP Management Framework presently consists of five major
 components:
  o   An overall architecture, described in RFC 2571 [1].
  o   Mechanisms for describing and naming objects and events for the
      purpose of management. The first version of this Structure of
      Management Information (SMI) is called SMIv1 and described in

Aboba & Zorn Informational [Page 1] RFC 2620 RADIUS Accounting Client MIB June 1999

      STD 15, RFC 1155 [2], STD 16, RFC 1212 [3] and RFC 1215 [4].
      The second version, called SMIv2, is described in STD 58, RFC
      2578 [5], RFC 2579 [6] and RFC 2580 [7].
  o   Message protocols for transferring management information. The
      first version of the SNMP message protocol is called SNMPv1 and
      described in STD 15, RFC 1157 [8]. A second version of the
      SNMP message protocol, which is not an Internet standards
      track protocol, is called SNMPv2c and described in RFC 1901
      [9] and RFC 1906 [10].  The third version of the message
      protocol is called SNMPv3 and described in RFC 1906 [10], RFC
      2572 [11] and RFC 2574 [12].
  o   Protocol operations for accessing management information. The
      first set of protocol operations and associated PDU formats is
      described in STD 15, RFC 1157 [8]. A second set of protocol
      operations and associated PDU formats is described in RFC 1905
      [13].
  o   A set of fundamental applications described in RFC 2573 [14] and
      the view-based access control mechanism described in RFC 2575
      [15].
 Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, termed
 the Management Information Base or MIB.  Objects in the MIB are
 defined using the mechanisms defined in the SMI.
 This memo specifies a MIB module that is compliant to the SMIv2. A
 MIB conforming to the SMIv1 can be poduced through the appropriate
 translations. The resulting translated MIB must be semantically
 equivalent, except where objects or events are omitted because no
 translation is possible (use of Counter64). Some machine readable
 information in SMIv2 will be converted into textual descriptions in
 SMIv1 during the translation process. However, this loss of machine
 readable information is not considered to change the semantics of the
 MIB.

3. Overview

 The RADIUS accounting protocol, described in [16], distinguishes
 between the client function and the server function. In RADIUS
 accounting, clients send Accounting-Requests, and servers reply with
 Accounting-Responses. Typically NAS devices implement the client
 function, and thus would be expected to implement the RADIUS
 accounting client MIB, while RADIUS accounting servers implement the
 server function, and thus would be expected to implement the RADIUS
 accounting server MIB.

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 However, it is possible for a RADIUS accounting entity to perform
 both client and server functions. For example, a RADIUS proxy may act
 as a server to one or more RADIUS accounting clients, while
 simultaneously acting as an accounting client to one or more
 accounting servers.  In such situations, it is expected that RADIUS
 entities combining client and server functionality will support both
 the client and server MIBs.

3.1. Selected objects

 This MIB module contains two scalars as well as a single table:
 (1)  the RADIUS Accounting Server Table contains one row for
      each RADIUS server that the client shares a secret with.
 Each entry in the RADIUS Accounting Server Table includes thirteen
 columns presenting a view of the activity of the RADIUS client.

4. Definitions

RADIUS-ACC-CLIENT-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN

IMPORTS

     MODULE-IDENTITY, OBJECT-TYPE, OBJECT-IDENTITY,
     Counter32, Integer32, Gauge32,
     IpAddress, TimeTicks, mib-2      FROM SNMPv2-SMI
     SnmpAdminString                  FROM SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB
     MODULE-COMPLIANCE, OBJECT-GROUP  FROM SNMPv2-CONF;

radiusAccClientMIB MODULE-IDENTITY

     LAST-UPDATED "9906110000Z" -- 11 Jun 1999
     ORGANIZATION "IETF RADIUS Working Group."
     CONTACT-INFO
        " Bernard Aboba
          Microsoft
          One Microsoft Way
          Redmond, WA  98052
          US
          Phone: +1 425 936 6605
          EMail: bernarda@microsoft.com"
     DESCRIPTION
           "The MIB module for entities implementing the client side of
            the Remote Access Dialin User Service (RADIUS) accounting
            protocol."
     REVISION "9906110000Z"    -- 11 Jun 1999
     DESCRIPTION "Initial version as published in RFC 2620"
     ::= { radiusAccounting 2 }

Aboba & Zorn Informational [Page 3] RFC 2620 RADIUS Accounting Client MIB June 1999

radiusMIB OBJECT-IDENTITY

     STATUS  current
     DESCRIPTION
           "The OID assigned to RADIUS MIB work by the IANA."
     ::= { mib-2 67 }

radiusAccounting OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {radiusMIB 2}

radiusAccClientMIBObjects OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=

                                            { radiusAccClientMIB 1 }

radiusAccClient OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { radiusAccClientMIBObjects 1 }

radiusAccClientInvalidServerAddresses OBJECT-TYPE

    SYNTAX Counter32
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
          "The number of RADIUS Accounting-Response packets
           received from unknown addresses."
    ::= { radiusAccClient 1 }

radiusAccClientIdentifier OBJECT-TYPE

    SYNTAX SnmpAdminString
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
          "The NAS-Identifier of the RADIUS accounting client. This
           is not necessarily the same as sysName in MIB II."
    ::= { radiusAccClient 2 }

radiusAccServerTable OBJECT-TYPE

    SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF RadiusAccServerEntry
    MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
    STATUS     current
    DESCRIPTION
          "The (conceptual) table listing the RADIUS accounting
           servers with which the client shares a secret."
    ::= { radiusAccClient 3 }

radiusAccServerEntry OBJECT-TYPE

    SYNTAX     RadiusAccServerEntry
    MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
    STATUS     current
    DESCRIPTION
          "An entry (conceptual row) representing a RADIUS
           accounting server with which the client shares a secret."
    INDEX      { radiusAccServerIndex }

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    ::= { radiusAccServerTable 1 }

RadiusAccServerEntry ::= SEQUENCE {

    radiusAccServerIndex                           Integer32,
    radiusAccServerAddress                         IpAddress,
    radiusAccClientServerPortNumber                Integer32,
    radiusAccClientRoundTripTime                   TimeTicks,
    radiusAccClientRequests                        Counter32,
    radiusAccClientRetransmissions                 Counter32,
    radiusAccClientResponses                       Counter32,
    radiusAccClientMalformedResponses              Counter32,
    radiusAccClientBadAuthenticators               Counter32,
    radiusAccClientPendingRequests                   Gauge32,
    radiusAccClientTimeouts                        Counter32,
    radiusAccClientUnknownTypes                    Counter32,
    radiusAccClientPacketsDropped                  Counter32

}

radiusAccServerIndex OBJECT-TYPE

    SYNTAX     Integer32 (1..2147483647)
    MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
    STATUS     current
    DESCRIPTION
          "A number uniquely identifying each RADIUS
           Accounting server with which this client
           communicates."
    ::= { radiusAccServerEntry 1 }

radiusAccServerAddress OBJECT-TYPE

    SYNTAX     IpAddress
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS     current
    DESCRIPTION
          "The IP address of the RADIUS accounting server
           referred to in this table entry."
    ::= { radiusAccServerEntry 2 }

radiusAccClientServerPortNumber OBJECT-TYPE

    SYNTAX Integer32 (0..65535)
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
          "The UDP port the client is using to send requests to
           this server."
    ::= { radiusAccServerEntry 3 }

radiusAccClientRoundTripTime OBJECT-TYPE

    SYNTAX TimeTicks

Aboba & Zorn Informational [Page 5] RFC 2620 RADIUS Accounting Client MIB June 1999

    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
           "The time interval between the most recent
           Accounting-Response and the Accounting-Request that
           matched it from this RADIUS accounting server."
    ::= { radiusAccServerEntry 4 }

– Request/Response statistics – – Requests = Responses + PendingRequests + ClientTimeouts – – Responses - MalformedResponses - BadAuthenticators - – UnknownTypes - PacketsDropped = Successfully received

radiusAccClientRequests OBJECT-TYPE

    SYNTAX Counter32
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
          "The number of RADIUS Accounting-Request packets
           sent. This does not include retransmissions."
    ::= { radiusAccServerEntry 5 }

radiusAccClientRetransmissions OBJECT-TYPE

    SYNTAX Counter32
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
          "The number of RADIUS Accounting-Request packets
           retransmitted to this RADIUS accounting server.
           Retransmissions include retries where the
           Identifier and Acct-Delay have been updated, as
           well as those in which they remain the same."
    ::= { radiusAccServerEntry 6 }

radiusAccClientResponses OBJECT-TYPE

    SYNTAX Counter32
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
          "The number of RADIUS packets received on the
           accounting port from this server."
    ::= { radiusAccServerEntry 7 }

radiusAccClientMalformedResponses OBJECT-TYPE

    SYNTAX Counter32
    MAX-ACCESS read-only

Aboba & Zorn Informational [Page 6] RFC 2620 RADIUS Accounting Client MIB June 1999

    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
           "The number of malformed RADIUS Accounting-Response
            packets received from this server. Malformed packets
           include packets with an invalid length. Bad
           authenticators and unknown types are not included as
           malformed accounting responses."
    ::= { radiusAccServerEntry 8 }

radiusAccClientBadAuthenticators OBJECT-TYPE

    SYNTAX Counter32
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
          "The number of RADIUS Accounting-Response
           packets which contained invalid authenticators
           received from this server."
    ::= { radiusAccServerEntry 9 }

radiusAccClientPendingRequests OBJECT-TYPE

    SYNTAX Gauge32
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
          "The number of RADIUS Accounting-Request packets
           sent to this server that have not yet timed out or
           received a response. This variable is incremented when an
           Accounting-Request is sent and decremented due to
           receipt of an Accounting-Response, a timeout or
           a retransmission."
    ::= { radiusAccServerEntry 10 }

radiusAccClientTimeouts OBJECT-TYPE

   SYNTAX Counter32
   MAX-ACCESS read-only
   STATUS current
   DESCRIPTION
        "The number of accounting timeouts to this server.
         After a timeout the client may retry to the same
         server, send to a different server, or give up.
         A retry to the same server is counted as a
         retransmit as well as a timeout. A send to a different
         server is counted as an Accounting-Request as well as
         a timeout."
    ::= { radiusAccServerEntry  11 }

radiusAccClientUnknownTypes OBJECT-TYPE

    SYNTAX Counter32

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    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
          "The number of RADIUS packets of unknown type which
           were received from this server on the accounting port."
    ::= { radiusAccServerEntry  12 }

radiusAccClientPacketsDropped OBJECT-TYPE

    SYNTAX Counter32
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
          "The number of RADIUS packets which were received from
           this server on the accounting port and dropped for some
           other reason."
    ::= { radiusAccServerEntry  13 }

– conformance information

radiusAccClientMIBConformance

        OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { radiusAccClientMIB 2 }

radiusAccClientMIBCompliances

        OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { radiusAccClientMIBConformance 1 }

radiusAccClientMIBGroups

        OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { radiusAccClientMIBConformance 2 }

– compliance statements

radiusAccClientMIBCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE

   STATUS  current
   DESCRIPTION
         "The compliance statement for accounting clients
          implementing the RADIUS Accounting Client MIB."
   MODULE  -- this module
       MANDATORY-GROUPS { radiusAccClientMIBGroup }
   ::= { radiusAccClientMIBCompliances 1 }

– units of conformance

radiusAccClientMIBGroup OBJECT-GROUP

   OBJECTS { radiusAccClientIdentifier,
             radiusAccClientInvalidServerAddresses,
             radiusAccServerAddress,
             radiusAccClientServerPortNumber,
             radiusAccClientRoundTripTime,
             radiusAccClientRequests,

Aboba & Zorn Informational [Page 8] RFC 2620 RADIUS Accounting Client MIB June 1999

             radiusAccClientRetransmissions,
             radiusAccClientResponses,
             radiusAccClientMalformedResponses,
             radiusAccClientBadAuthenticators,
             radiusAccClientPendingRequests,
             radiusAccClientTimeouts,
             radiusAccClientUnknownTypes,
             radiusAccClientPacketsDropped
       }
   STATUS  current
   DESCRIPTION
         "The basic collection of objects providing management of
          RADIUS Accounting Clients."
   ::= { radiusAccClientMIBGroups 1 }

END

5. References

 [1]  Harrington, D., Presuhn, R., and B. Wijnen, "An Architecture
      for Describing SNMP Management Frameworks", RFC 2571, April
      1999.
 [2]  Rose, M., and K. McCloghrie, "Structure and Identification of
      Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets", STD 16, RFC
      1155, May 1990.
 [3]  Rose, M., and K. McCloghrie, "Concise MIB Definitions", STD 16,
      RFC 1212, March 1991.
 [4]  Rose, M., "A Convention for Defining Traps for use with the
      SNMP", RFC 1215, Performance Systems International, March 1991.
 [5]  McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J., Rose,
      M. and S. Waldbusser, "Structure of Management Information
      Version 2 (SMIv2)", STD 58, RFC 2578, April 1999.
 [6]  McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J., Rose,
      M. and S. Waldbusser, "Textual Conventions for SMIv2", STD 58,
      RFC 2579, April 1999.
 [7]  McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J., Rose,
      M. and S. Waldbusser, "Conformance Statements for SMIv2", STD
      58, RFC 2580, April 1999.
 [8]  Case, J., Fedor, M., Schoffstall, M., and J. Davin, "Simple
      Network Management Protocol", STD 15, RFC 1157, May 1990.

Aboba & Zorn Informational [Page 9] RFC 2620 RADIUS Accounting Client MIB June 1999

 [9]  Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and S. Waldbusser,
      "Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2", RFC 1901, January
      1996.
 [10] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and S. Waldbusser,
      "Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network
      Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1906, January 1996.
 [11] Case, J., Harrington D., Presuhn R., and B. Wijnen, "Message
      Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network Management
      Protocol (SNMP)", RFC 2572, April 1999.
 [12] Blumenthal, U., and B. Wijnen, "User-based Security Model for
      Version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv3)",
      RFC 2574, April 1999.
 [13] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and S. Waldbusser, "Protocol
      Operations for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management
      Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1905, January 1996.
 [14] Levi, D., Meyer, P., and B. Stewart, "SNMP Applications", RFC
      2573, April 1999.
 [15] Wijnen, B., Presuhn, R., and K. McCloghrie, "View-based Access
      Control Model for the Simple Network Management Protocol
      (SNMP)", RFC 2575, April 1999.
 [16] Rigney, C., "RADIUS Accounting", RFC 2139, April 1997.

6. Security Considerations

 There are no management objects defined in this MIB that have a MAX-
 ACCESS clause of read-write and/or read-create.  So, if this MIB is
 implemented correctly, then there is no risk that an intruder can
 alter or create any management objects of this MIB via direct SNMP
 SET opertions.
 There are a number of managed objects in this MIB that may contain
 sensitive information. These are:

Aboba & Zorn Informational [Page 10] RFC 2620 RADIUS Accounting Client MIB June 1999

 radiusAccServerAddress
           This can be used to determine the address of the RADIUS
           accounting server with which the client is communicating.
           This information could be useful in mounting an attack on
           the acounting server, which may contain sensitive financial
           data.
 radiusAccClientServerPortNumber This can be used to determine the
           port number on which the RADIUS accounting client is
           sending. This information could be useful in impersonating
           the client in order to send fraudulent data to the
           accounting server.
 It is thus important to control even GET access to these objects and
 possibly to even encrypt the values of these object when sending them
 over the network via SNMP.  Not all versions of SNMP provide features
 for such a secure environment.
 SNMPv1 by itself is not a secure environment. Even if the network
 itself is secure (for example by using IPSec), there is no control as
 to who on the secure network is allowed to access and GET/SET
 (read/change/create/delete) the objects in this MIB.
 It is recommended that the implementers consider the security
 features as provided by the SNMPv3 framework. Specifically, the use
 of the User-based Security Model RFC 2574 [12] and the View-based
 Access Control Model RFC 2575 [15] is recommended.  Using these
 security features, customer/users can give access to the objects only
 to those principals (users) that have legitimate rights to GET or SET
 (change/create/delete) them.

7. Acknowledgments

 The authors acknowledge the contributions of the RADIUS Working Group
 in the development of this MIB.  Thanks to Narendra Gidwani of
 Microsoft, Allan C. Rubens of MERIT, Carl Rigney of Livingston and
 Peter Heitman of American Internet Corporation for useful discussions
 of this problem space.

Aboba & Zorn Informational [Page 11] RFC 2620 RADIUS Accounting Client MIB June 1999

8. Authors' Addresses

 Bernard Aboba
 Microsoft Corporation
 One Microsoft Way
 Redmond, WA 98052
 Phone: 425-936-6605
 EMail: bernarda@microsoft.com
 Glen Zorn
 Microsoft Corporation
 One Microsoft Way
 Redmond, WA 98052
 Phone: 425-703-1559
 EMail: glennz@microsoft.com

Aboba & Zorn Informational [Page 12] RFC 2620 RADIUS Accounting Client MIB June 1999

9. Full Copyright Statement

 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999).  All Rights Reserved.
 This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
 others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
 or assist in its implmentation may be prepared, copied, published and
 distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind,
 provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
 included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
 document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
 the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
 Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
 developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
 copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
 followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
 English.
 The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
 revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
 This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
 "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
 TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
 BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
 HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Acknowledgement

 Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
 Internet Society.

Aboba & Zorn Informational [Page 13]

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