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              NOTES ON PREPAREDNESS FOR NATURAL
                 AND MAN-MADE DISASTERS WITH
                   EMPHASIS ON EARTHQUAKES
   
                     FOR ROSSMAN SCHOOL
                          Prepared by Ken Seger
            With editorial assistance by Patt and Jerry Welk

Copyright Notice: All rights reserved. Except as permitted under

                 the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part
                 of this publication may be reproduced or
                 distributed in any form or by any means, or
                 stored in a data base or retrieval system,
                 without prior explicit written permission from
                 the author.

If you find the information in this file of use to you, would you please send $10 to Rossman School, 12660 Conway Road, St. Louis,MO 63141 with the check made out to Rossman Parents Club. The funds will be used to purchase additional survival equipment for the children.

                       TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE iii

THE PURPOSE OF THIS TEXT 1

WHAT ROSSMAN IS CURRENTLY DOING AND THE NATURE OF DECISIONS 2

PROBABILITY OF DAMAGE FROM AN EARTHQUAKE 3

VARIOUS SCENARIOS AND HAZARDS FROM AN EARTHQUAKE 5

TRAINING OPTIONS 8

EQUIPMENT OPTIONS 9

VARIOUS LEVELS OF PREPAREDNESS AVAILABLE 11

SUMMARY OF COST ESTIMATES FOR EQUIPMENT 15

PERSONAL PREPAREDNESS PACKS FOR FACULTY AND STAFF 17

RETROFITTING THE EXISTING BUILDINGS 18

RECOMMENDATIONS 19

ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN 21

   Additional information packets
   Task Forces
   Financing Preparedness

CLOSING COMMENTS 25

APPENDIX

1. Nuclear War and how it relates to earthquake preparedness 26
2. Other cultures and preparedness                           27
3. Sources for preparedness supplies with price estimates    28
4. Survivalist information resources                         31

GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND PARTIAL EXPLANATION OF USES OF EQUIPMENT 33

                             ii
                           PREFACE
  When I first started writing this text it began as an 18

KiloByte outline of the steps Rossman School should take to be prepared for an earthquake. This quickly grew to 28K with the addition of more information. Soon a glossary and more additional information was added bringing the total to 58K. Additional activities were added bringing the K up to 70. At that point the entire file was reorganized and an explanation of what the term survivalism really means was included. Hopefully this trend will continue through the future years as additional information, techniques, supplies, and training are added to improve the disaster preparedness capability of Rossman School.

  I would like to thank Patt and Jerry Welk for their

encouragement and editing of this text. One of their criticisms was the inclusion of the words survivalist and survivalism. They felt, and rightly so, that the term survivalist has acquired a notorious connotation recently. They suggested that those terms should be replaced with blander, image-neutral terms.

  While the negative connotation might be the accepted

definition for people who assume that everything they read or hear in the mass media is the absolute truth, a more accurate picture is acquired by those who search for what is true and what is false concerning the survivalist movement.

  There are individuals and groups, incorrectly labeled as

"survivalist" by the mass media, who are not worthy of the name. These incorrectly labeled people tend to be political or religious extremists who violate the principles of survivalism (see appendix #4) by neither helping others nor advocating freedom. Even though true survivalists outnumber the falsely labeled "survivalists" by over 100 to 1, the true survivalists get less than 5% of any mass media coverage. This merely reflects the mass media's appetite for bad news versus good news.

   Since the activities suggested in this text are PRECISELY

what true survivalism is all about, the terms survivalist and survivalism have been retained, and rightfully so.

   I have been studying the topic of survivalism since 1982. 

Since 1983, I have been a member of LIVE FREE which is the world's oldest (founded in the early 60's) and largest survivalist organization, been a life member since 1985, been a Certified Survival Instructor since 1988 (passing with the second highest score ever), and have given lectures on nutrition, nuclear war survival skills, and water purification at various LIVE FREE seminars. I have an extensive library of survivalist literature and subscriptions to all major survivalist newsletters and magazines written in English in the USA, Australia and Europe. I have participated in the various

                             iii

survivalist computer/modem information networks since 1984 and have been the SYStem OPerator and host node of a survivalist BBS since 1986.

   Anyone who would care to examine what real survivalists are

truly like should refer to appendix #4 for a brief explanation of the topic and sources of additional information from which they can derive their own conclusions.

                            Ken Seger, March 1990, St. Louis
                             iv
                  THE PURPOSE OF THIS TEXT

WHAT THIS TEXT IS FOR

  The purpose of these notes is neither to forecast a disaster

nor recommend a specific line of action, but to serve as a framework for discussion of the different levels of earthquake hazard, and show the many different methods and levels of preparedness to cope with those hazards.

   There is no way to predict, with any degree of confidence,

when or how strongly an earthquake will occur. While people such as Dr. Iben Browning have predicted the New Madrid to quake on Dec. 3, 1990 plus or minus 3 days, most other authorities place their predictions in decades rather than in days.

   Even in the highly unlikely event that this particular

disaster does occur between Oct.31 and Dec. 7th, other types of disasters can certainly occur before and after those days.

   If you are moderately prepared for a major earthquake, you

are very well prepared for smaller disasters, and at minimum, partially prepared for other larger disasters.

  Different levels of problems are identified as ideal, fair,

poor, and worst case conditions in the following categories: time of day, time of year, weather, utilities, building damage, support services, level of damage and duration of emergency conditions.

   Levels of preparedness are organized around the topics of

shelter, lighting, water, food, sanitation, heating and cooling, medical, communication and safety requirements. Each of these topics is covered to illustrate how different levels of preparedness can be obtained.

WHAT THIS TEXT IS NOT FOR

  Just because the different categories of problems happen to

be lumped into a single problem level does NOT mean that this is likely to be the case in an actual disaster situation. The likelihood of a disaster staying within such nicely defined parameters is practically nil. It is most likely to be a mixed bag of events. In the same vein, the topics in the levels of preparedness are grouped ONLY to show that different levels of preparedness can be sought and they are not meant to be a rigid set of goals. Different levels in different topics will be chosen based on perceived needs and the amount of money and man-hours available for the preparedness project.

 WHAT ROSSMAN IS CURRENTLY DOING AND THE NATURE OF DECISIONS
   If one accepts as true the saying, "The act of not making a

decision in itself is a form of making a decision", then one can expand that to, "The act of not even considering a topic at all is itself a form of a decision." If that is the case, then Rossman has made the decision to be very unprepared for an earthquake or any other major disaster.

   Let us look at what that decision entails.  We have decided

that in a major disaster the students of Rossman will be without safe drinking water, they will only have whatever form of shelter happens to be available at the time, communications will only be that which is usually available, if intact, if students must stay overnight there will be no provision for emergency light, bedding or shelter, and that easily corrected hazards will not be eliminated causing great property damage to carpeting, materials, books, etc.

   Now that the topic has been brought up, I hope that the old

passive decision will be rejected and replaced with a new actively made and acted upon decision. Hopefully this document will make this change occur sooner than it would have otherwise and long before it is needed.

   As one seismologist stated, "You need to choreograph an

earthquake well in advance, otherwise you will NOT like the dance."

             SO WHAT ARE THE CHANCES OF A QUAKE?
   According to a Memphis State University study, the chance

of a major earthquake from the New Madrid fault is:

       Richter Scale     Probability of occurrence by the year
                              2000              2040
              6.7              50%               90%
              7.6              10%               25%
              8.3               1%                3%
  
   A Southeast Missouri State University at Cape Girardeau

study gives the odds as:

      Richter Scale     Probability of occurrence by the year
                            2000              2040
            6.3              50%               90%
            7.6              10%               25%
            8.6               1%                3%   
   Please note: the Richter scale is a logarithmic scale and

refers only to the power of the earthquake expressed as a power of ten and by itself does not predict the level of damage. An earthquake of Richter 8.0 has the same amount of power as 10 - Richter 7.0 quakes or 100 - Richter 6.0 quakes or 1,000 - Richter 5.0 quakes. In other words, to dissipate the amount of energy that could be released by one single Richter scale 8.0 earthquake would require a Richter scale 4.0 earthquake to occur every single hour for one year and two months or a Richter scale 5.0 earthquake to occur every hour for six weeks.

   In 1985 Dr. Otto Nuttli, professor of geophysics at St.

Louis University, estimated that the New Madrid quakes in the 5 month period of 1811-1812, ranged as high as 8.0 to 8.8 Richter and that 15 to 18 of the aftershocks ranged from 6.5 to 7.0 Richter. Others estimate that 5 of the two dozen or so quakes were 8.0 or higher. In 1985, the amount of energy stored in the fault was enough to produce an earthquake of 7.6 Richter according to Dr. Nuttli. The last large quake was in 1895 and estimated at 6.0 Richter. It is estimated that a quake of this size should occur about every 80 years. Due to the difference in structure, a quake in the midwest will have a damage area 20 times larger than the same quake would have in California.

   It is virtually impossible to predict at what Richter scale

a major quake would occur. Even if it were, it would be equally difficult to predict the precise damage level that would occur in the Rossman School area.

                  CHANCES OF A QUAKE (con.)
   If the New Madrid has a 6.7 Richter scale quake, the

greater St. Louis area can expect the following effects: people have trouble standing upright, loose bricks fall from buildings, heavy furniture overturns, many windows break and some buildings are damaged.

   For a 7.6 Richter scale quake: drivers have  difficulty

steering, towers and chimneys fall, tree branches break and some buildings partially collapse.

   It is estimated that a 7.4 Richter scale quake will do

approximately six billion dollars in damage in just the state of Missouri.

   For a 8.6 Richter scale quake: the ground is cracked

conspicuously, considerable damage in masonry structures especially designed to withstand earthquakes, some buildings collapse and underground pipes sometimes broken.

   Estimations of damage to the West County area published by

authorities indicate that on a 8.6 Richter scale earthquake damage levels of 7, 8 or 9 may occur.

   Level 7 is described as: "Damage negligible in buildings of

good design and construction. Numerous windows and some furniture are broken. Considerable damage occurs to concrete irrigation ditches."

   Level 8 equals: "Trees shaken strongly with branches and

trunks broken off. Slight damage occurs in brick structures built especially to withstand earthquakes. Buildings partially collapse. Stone walls are cracked or broken seriously."

   Level 9 equals: "Ground is cracked conspicuously.

Considerable damage occurs in masonry structures built especially to withstand earthquakes. Some buildings collapse. Underground pipes sometimes broken."

   Please note that those damage levels will NOT be uniform

throughout the St. Louis area. Some areas will be devastated while others nearby will suffer only minor damage.

   However, even if there is only a 0.1% chance of an

earthquake happening, if it happens, it happens. One can not control the likelihood of an earthquake occurring, but one can control the amount of preparedness for an earthquake or other disaster.

          WHAT IS THE RANGE OF POSSIBLE CONDITIONS?
   When a quake happens, the magnitude of problems will be

dependent on the severity of the quake and other circumstances not related to the quake: time of day, time of year, weather conditions and the ability of governmental services and parents to provide assistance.

                      IDEAL CONDITIONS

Time of day - during the middle of the night when nobody is at

   school

Time of year - during winter or spring break, summer vacation,

   or on a weekend when nobody is here!

Weather - mild spring or fall, nice temperatures with no wind Utilities - no loss of electricity, phone, gas, water, or sewer Building - a few books and art projects knocked off of the

   shelves, a few minor cracks in windows or walls

Police/fire/hospital - there and ready, available by phone and

   everybody in the yellow pages waiting to take your money

Injuries - no people at school equals no injuries Damage level - no major problems, quake was a small one Duration - at no time were there emergency conditions

                       FAIR CONDITIONS

Time of day - before school when just staff and faculty are in

   or after the PM carpool is over when there are a just a few
   students and most of the staff and faculty are still here

Time of year - spring or fall during a school day Weather - spring or fall with rain, or summer or winter with very

   mild  temperatures and winds and no precipitation

Utilities - no electricity, water pressure low, however, the

   gas, phone and sewer are working

Building - numerous small cracks in drywall, a few windows

   shattered, some windows with substantial cracks, many
   windows with minor cracks, repairs not covered by insurance
   covered by Board of Trustee's Discretionary funds

Police/fire/hospital - available but only for critical

   emergencies, triage is much tighter than usual

Injuries - lots of bruises and scrapes, some minor cuts, just a

   few significant injuries such as major cuts, sprained or
   strained joints or broken bones

Damage level - the quake was significant, and some aftershocks

   are expected

Duration - most students are picked up before sundown with just

   a few being picked up the next day, utilities return to
   normal in a day or so
                  VARIOUS SCENARIOS (con.)
                       POOR CONDITIONS

Time of day - around AM or PM carpool when there are many

   parents at school available to help

Time of year - summer with rain and wind or winter with snow

   and wind

Weather - a hot summer or a cold winter Utilities - only the phone is working, and it is overloaded

   with long delays for connections

Bbuilding - significant damage, most windows broken or cracked,

   some deformation at a few door frames, repairable, but
   expensive, a loan is needed to cover repairs and expenses
   until lawsuit with insurance company is resolved

Police/fire/hospital - difficult to get to or contact, services

   are very overburdened

Injuries - numerous minor cuts, abrasions and bumps, several

    significant injuries and one life threatening injury such
   as sucking chest wound, severe bleeding, shock, etc.

Damage level - major quake, aftershocks are numerous but smaller Duration - moderate number of students have been picked up by

   9PM but the balance are not picked up until noon of the
   next day with a few distant students not picked up for
   another day or so
                WORST CASE POSSIBLE SCENARIO

Time of day - between 9AM and 2AM when there are the fewest

   number of parents available for assistance

Time of year - either the heat of summer or the cold of winter Weather - summer/no clouds, high heat, drying winds or

   winter/clouds, 35-40 degrees with rain

Utilities - none except gas (leaking), no water, electricity or

   phone

Building - Profound damage to older building. Due to the

   collapse of pantry wall, the gas shut-off valve is
   inaccessible with strong smell of gas around valve.  Gym &
   the new wing have damage of brickwork and deformation at
   corners. Both are suitable for shelter with some risk,
   however children are afraid to enter.  Older building may
   not be financially worth fixing. Insurance company files
   for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

Police/fire/hospital - No phones to call for assistance,

   besides all services hopelessly swamped with other
   demands.  Conway road hopelessly clogged due to cracked
   pavement and people trying to get to St.John's & St.Luke's
                  VARIOUS SCENARIOS (con.)
                      WORST CASE (con.)

Injuries - bleeding major and minor, sucking chest wounds, eye

   injuries, broken arms, legs of students, faculty and
   staff.  Some cases of hysteria, panic and catatonia of
   students, faculty and staff.

Damage level - high!, 8+ Richter as in the early 1810's Duration - majority of parents unable to retrieve children until

   next day with several faculty, staff and students who live
   farther out unable to go home for a few days, electricity
   and phone will be out for at least week

PLEASE NOTE: Estimations of damages in all cases are HIGHLY speculative. Actual damage to building is dependent on quality of land or landfill under the building and underlying rock formations on which the preparer has no meaningful data. Also the degree of resistance of buildings to seismic shock is unknown to the preparer of this report.

                      TRAINING OPTIONS

FACULTY AND STAFF

Minimum - Review "duck and cover" techniques, review evacuation

   drills and check that all Red Cross First Aid and CPR
   cards are current.

Good - Above plus retake standard classes Better - Above plus see if 50 hour Red Cross course could be

   arranged, view Practical Preparedness video and listen to
   the, What you Should Know About Earthquakes, audiotape.

Best - Over the summer loan VCR (if needed) and view Nuclear War

   Survival Skills video tapes 1-4 and Soviet Civil Defense
   video tapes 1-7.   See appendix #1

STUDENTS

Minimum - Incorporate "duck and cover" earthquake safety

   routines into the fire/evacuation drill

Good - Talk about earthquakes and how they are rare, with

   effects usually limited to minor building damage

Better - Tell about Rossman's preparations as is appropriate to

   age. Talk about what you would do if you didn't have
   utilities for an hour or a day etc.

Best - Practice skills in a drill, perhaps as an after school

   activity.  Have the children talk to Rowan-Woods students
   about their experiance of going to school without having
   running water.

PARENTS

Minimum - Give all parents a sheet explaining what preparedness

   steps Rossman School has taken.

Good - Offer general preparedness information to all parents

   interested.

Better - Offer a special evening in which preparations are

   discussed and demonstrated.  Offer more detailed
   preparedness information.

Best - Form a Parent's Preparedness Club in which members can

   learn in more detail about preparedness.  Develop a Parent
   Volunteer list for communications, assistance and housing
   of remote students, faculty and staff during a disruption
   of normal transportation facilities.
                       EQUIPMENT NEEDS
   Equipment is needed to fulfill the basic human needs of

shelter, water, food, sanitation, heating or cooling and medical needs. The secondary needs of light and safety are important for the well being of the children as well.

SHELTER

   Shelter is needed to protect the children, faculty and

staff from hypothermia, hyperthermia, rain, snow and wind. While high quality shelter would be preferred, it should be remembered that the scope of this preparedness plan only covers keeping the children from harm until their parents can take over the children's needs.

WATER

   Water that is both potable and palatable is needed for

drinking, sanitation, and possible food preparation.

FOOD

   Food is needed for psychological aid more than

physiological need if the duration is a few hours. It is highly useful for group activity, a sense of normalcy, comfort, etc.

SANITATION

   "When ya gotta go, ya gotta go!"  There will be enough

stress in an emergency without forcing the kids to use a trench toilet. Also, this will speed cleanup after the disaster.

HEATING AND COOLING

  This demand will be minimal if reasonable shelter is

provided. Cold and hot packs might be needed in special cases for medical purposes.

MEDICAL

  At least the basics are needed.  A higher level of

preparedness in this topic allows greater safety.

                   EQUIPMENT NEEDS (con.)

COMMUNICATIONS

   At least inward communications should be available to

listen to AM and FM radio. If units with an outward ability are purchased, SSB CBs would be the minimum. Mobile and portable phones might be utilitized, if still functioning.

LIGHTING

   Illumination is needed for group activities, private

activities, a sense of security, special cases, etc.

SAFETY

   Since Rossman is located in a low density, upper income

area, this need is unlikely. However, protection from rodents, dogs, other animals and humans may always be a possibility.

                   LEVELS OF PREPAREDNESS
EASIEST PREPARATIONS ARE NO PREPARATIONS, BUT ALSO THE WORST
                CURRENT LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS

Shelter - What is on everybody's back Light - Are there candles and working flashlights? Water - How much do the water heaters hold? Food - What is in the kitchen on average or lowest point? Sanitation - Those two large bushes in the woods over there and

   hopefully a shovel.

Heat/cooling - hmmmmm….. Medical - First aid kits, oxygen system, splints, venom

   extractors, Epi-pen and whatever is in the faculty and
   staff's cars.

Communication - clock radios, hope the phones still work, two

   three channel standard CB's used for car pool with all
   three channels hopelessly clogged by more powerful
   transmitters; therefore, if no phones, communication with
   outside world consist of Ms. Czech and Mr. Huusko
   transporting slips of paper.

Safety - There are trees from which switches can be cut.

              SHOE STRING, MAKE DO JURY RIGGED

Shelter - A few rolls of 5 mil plastic and some rope (in the

   science room) are a lot better than nothing for expedient
   tents.

Light - A good plastic flashlight costs $6 at Wal-Mart, Cheap D

   cells can be purchased, but need to be rotated.

Water - a crystalline iodine "generator", a 5 gallon jug with

   tap and a container of paper cups would help

Food - a 5 pound bag of hard candy is cheap and will last for

   years

Sanitation - for $10, two box style portapotties can be

   purchased via mail order

Heat/cooling - a few instant cold packs and hot packs for the

   first aid kit would be nice

Medical - additional supplies added to the current medical kit

   would be nice

Communication - at least one AM/FM radio with batteries to

   match, again the batteries need to be rotated

Safety - mace, tear gas, cap-stun or other sprays are fairly

   effective
                LEVELS OF PREPAREDNESS (con.)
                       MINIMAL BUDGET

Shelter - a few large good tarps with ropes and tent spikes

   would be better than plastic

Light - numerous plastic flashlights with 20 year storage

   batteries plus a battery operated fluorescent light

Water - a few iodine purifiers with 25 gallons of water stored

   at all times in various locations would be nice and cost
   only $30

Food - Purchasing some foods that require no water or heat (if

   you don't mind eating cold chicken with gravy, etc.)

Sanitation - The box style portapotties again but with the

   addition of a portable sink (5 gal.)

Heat/cooling - quite a few heat and cold packs + some aluminized

   mylar sheets (the so-called "space-blankets")

Medical - a second kit can be added Communication - one radio for scanning AM and another for FM,

   20 year storage D cells

Safety - a higher grade of anti-personnel incapacitating gas

                       MODERATE BUDGET

Shelter - a tent that would house two dozen children or any

   injured can be purchased for $300

Light - numerous plastic flashlights with 20 yr. D cells,

   several fluorescent lights with 20 year D cells, several
   cyalume sticks of various types

Water - Several iodine purifiers, with filter papers and

   activated charcoal to improve palatability, some "Tang" or
   "Wylers" would be nice and multiple stored water
   mylar/boxes in several locations

Food - a large meal in an MRE can be had for about $3.50 and

   will store for years, a cheaper method would be to purchase
   MRE components

Sanitation - 3 box style portapotties, 2 - 5 gallon portable

   sinks and a "solar" shower for cleaning spills and accidents

Heat/cooling - heat and cold packs, numerous space-blankets plus

   numerous "space" sleeping bags

Medical - medical kit should contain all possible supplies that

   faculty and staff are qualified to use

Communication - 1 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV band radio with 20 yr D cells Safety - a flare gun for signaling, or in a worst case

   scenario, defense
                LEVELS OF PREPAREDNESS (con.)
                 WELL BUDGETED, CONVENTIONAL

Shelter - an army surplus 16' x 32' tent can be boought for $500 Light - numerous Mag-lite flashlights with 20 year storage

   batteries, fluorescent lanterns with 20 yr. batteries,
   cyalume sticks -  several bright white 30 minute units for
   special applications and various colored 12 hour units for
   night identification of people and objects

Water - Water storage as above with Katadyn microfiltration

   purifier and activated charcoal filters

Food - one or two MREs for everybody, with additional foods for

   special requirements

Sanitation - 2 or 3 plastic hassock style portapotties,

   3 - 5 gal. portable sinks, 2 "solar" showers

Heat/cooling - all of the above with a small stove or immersion

   heater for heating water. A kerosene lamp can also be used
   to heat water.

Medical - all medical supplies to cover a large number of minor

   problems, plus a kit that would be useful for a General
   Practitioner M.D.

Communication - 1 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV band, 1 - 40 channel SSB CB Safety - sidearm locked in "gunsafe" with safety bullets ASSUMING

   several of the faculty and staff are trained to use it in a
   proper safe and legal manner.
 VERY WELL BUDGETED, U.S.A. STYLE SURVIVALIST'S PREPARATIONS

Shelter - Standard "Fighting Chance" style blast/fallout/

   bio-chem war shelter consisting of below ground
   cylindrical steel tank outfitted with hammocks for all
   occupants and air blowers with purifiers.

Light - Protected deep-discharge battery operated fluorescent

   lights for the shelter, with portable fluorescents and
   Mag-Lite with 20 year cells

Water - Shelter would be equipped with a well for cooling,

   sanitation and drinking.

Food - For short-term, MREs, MR8s and freeze dried. For long

   term year-long, Morman 4, Kearney Diet or Morman 4 + 40.

Sanitation - Each shelter equipped with chemical toilet and

   pump to a holding tank buried outside shelter.

Heat/cooling - The shelter air and water systems can control

   any heating or cooling needs.

Medical - as above plus a kit that would be useful for the

   highest qualified M.D./parent in their various fields of
   medicine.
                LEVELS OF PREPAREDNESS (con.)
                  VERY WELL BUDGETED (Con.)

Communication - as above plus protected from lightning and EMP

   with antennas for maximum range and clarity, plus phones
   between shelters

Safety - sidearm with shotshells for rodents, snakes and other

   short range (5 to 20 feet) problems plus a longarm for
   dogs, skunks and other problems which need to be removed
   at a longer range (20 - 100 feet).  Both properly stored
   in a locked safe with safety ammunition.
    FIRST CLASS PREPAREDNESS, TYPICAL SWISS GRADE SCHOOL

Shelter - Standard Swiss below ground blast/fallout/chem-biowar

   shelter consisting of below ground reinforced concrete
   rooms with bunks for all occupants with wartime air
   handling system. See appendix #2 for details.  As an
   alternative, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's 3,400 SQ.
   FT. Blast-upgradable Hazard-resistant Earth Sheltered
   Residence could be easily modified for a totally
   underground use at a savings of 20%.

Light - protected fluorescent lights run from generator or deep

   discharge batteries plus all of the above portable lights

Water - A well as per Technical Directive 1966 2-7 which can

   provide 100 grams water per hour per shelter space.

Food - Nestles Corp. Uberlebens Nahrung (survival rations) Sanitation - A well and a septic system Heat/cooling - standard Swiss blowers and filters for dust,

   radioactivity, chemical and biological warfare
   air-bornes, blankets on all of the bunks

Medical - Standard "First Aid Post" (also known as a Protected

   Practice) with 32 beds for triage and first aid with
   supplies, or "First Aid Station" with 120 to 140 beds or
   bunks with an operating table for triage, first aid, and
   final treatment of lightly wounded patients

Communication - EMP hardened radios, separate units for AM, FM,

   TV, Emergency channels, SSB CB, HAM and shortwave

Safety - "All facilities can operate for several days

   independent from the outer world." - OUR CIVIL DEFENSE p.16,
   plus a standard soldier's kit of full-auto military rifle,
   helmet, backpack, etc. for all males.  See Appendix #2 for
   additional information.

ADDITIONAL ITEMS FOR PREPAREDNESS - Detached building for supplies, chainsaw, kerosene lights and perhaps a heater, military ammo boxes or PVC tubes for storing supplies

  WELL THAT'S REAL NICE.........................HOW MUCH?!?
   These prices should be considered low estimates as shipping

will have to be added to items not available locally. See appendix #3 for details.

CURRENT LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS

Shelter - $0.00 Light - 0.00 Water - 0.00 Food - 0.00 Sanitation - 0.00 Heat/cooling - 0.00 Medical - 0.00 Communication - 0.00 Safety - 0.00

        TOTAL $0.00    PER PUPIL WORTH $0.00
       Remember: You get what you pay for!  TANSTAAFL

SHOE-STRING, MAKE DO, JURY RIGGED

Shelter - $20 some plastic sheeting and rope Light - $92 12 good flashlights & cells, $33 for cheap ones Water - $20 1 iodine purifier, 2 - 5 gallon containers Food - $5 a bag of hard candy Sani. - $10 2 box style toilets with paper Heat/cool - $10 2 heat packs, 3 cold packs Medical -$100 various Communi. - $10 portable AM/FM with alkaline batteries Safety - $30 3 small units of Cap-Stun for $30 or

               in bulk for 26  various sizes for $144

TOTAL $238-411 PER PUPIL WORTH $1.22 - $2.11

                         HOW MUCH?!?(con.)

MINIMAL BUDGET

Shelter - $120 tarps instead of plastic sheeting Light - $480 24 good flashlights, 2 fluor. & 20 yr cells Water - $40 more water storage Food - $120 a bigger bag of candy and 24 MREs Sani. - $70 5 box toilets and paper, 1 solar sink & soap Heat/cool - $92 cold & heat packs,10 each, 24 space blankets Medical - $200 various Communi. - $104 another radio and better batteries Safety - $144 26 units purchased wholesale

  TOTAL $1,370       PER PUPIL WORTH  $7.02

MODERATE BUDGET

Shelter - $300 used army tent with poles and stakes Light - $550 33 good FL's,4 fluor.,20 yr cells & 12 cyalumes Water - $110 more purifiers & storage, acti. charcoal filter Food - #350 100 MREs Sani. - $92 3 box toilets, 2 sinks, 1 shower Heat/cool- $364 20 each cold & heat packs, 36 blankets & 24 bags Medical - $400 various Communi. - $156 another radio for the audio portion of TV VHF Safety - $268 26 Cap-Stuns + a signal flare gun with 4 flares

TOTAL $2,590 PER PUPIL WORTH $13.29

WELL BUDGETED

Shelter - $500 a used military tent Light - $826 as above plus 12 Mag-Lites and 24 cyalumes Water - $300 as above plus microfiltration unit Food - $800 250 MREs plus a few freeze dried meals Sani. - $424 3 toilets, 3 sinks,2 showers, 10-5 gal bags Heat/cool- $425 above + kerosene lantern or immersion heater Medical -$1000 various Communi. - $350 as above plus one 40 chan. SSB CB Safety - $600 as above plus a sidearm with gunsafe

TOTAL $5,225 PER PUPIL WORTH $26.80

                      HOW MUCH?!?(con.)

VERY WELL BUDGETED, USA SURVIVALIST STYLE

                      (see EQUIPMENT OPTIONS for details)

Shelter - $75,000 Light - $1,500 Water - $2,000 Food - $10,000 3,500 MREs, OR 1 year of Morman 4 $62,500 Sani. - $3,000 Heat/cool - $5,000 Medical - $5,000 Communi. - $3,000 as above plus EMP protectors, ant.& tower Safety - $1,500 as above plus longarm and safe for longarm

TOTAL    $106,000        PER PUPIL WORTH  $543.59

FIRST CLASS PREPAREDNESS

             (see EQUIPMENT OPTIONS & Appendix #2 for details)

Shelter -$200,000 Light - $5,000 Water - $4,000 Food - $80,000 1 yr. of Kearney diet + freeze dried foods Sani. - $6,000 Heat/cool - $10,000 Medical - $20,000 estimate is probably too low Communi. - $7,000 Safety - $5,000

 TOTAL   $337,000      PER PUPIL WORTH   $1,728.21
   PERSONAL PREPAREDNESS PACK FOR THE 33 FACULTY AND STAFF
   If the staff and faculty are expected to care for our

children during the first phase of an emergency, we parents should, at least, provide materials for the care of the faculty and staff.

   In order for normal school functions to resume as soon as

possible, it is in our best interests to minimize the effects of an emergency on the home lives of the faculty and staff. It is fairly unlikely that staff and faculty members are personally prepared for a major quake. It would be advantageous to develop emergency packs for them. Stored at the school, these packs would be taken by the faculty and staff when they return home.

   For faculty and staff who live far away, volunteer parents

should arrange temporary housing until normal transportation becomes available.

   The following would be in the pack the 33 faculty and

staff would carry home with them.

   They represent a strictly MINIMUM kit to be upgraded and

expanded as time and funds permit. A few upgrade items are listed in ().

Crystalline iodine water purification kit Trash sack for expedient poncho (heavy duty military poncho) Trash sack to carry all items in (backpack - medium ALICE, no frame) How to live without utilities book NUCLEAR WAR SURVIVAL SKILLS Aluminized mylar sleeping bag Aluminized mylar 5 gallon water container Box/bag/disinfectant for expedient toilet Zip-lock bag, large for large items Zip-lock bag, small for small items 1 MRE (2, 3 or more) Flashlight with batteries & spare bulb (Mag-lite with 20 year cells) Matches, water resistant (lifeboat matches) Candle Trioxane cooking fuel tabs

For a minimal kit TOTAL $1,980 $60 per kit

For partially upgraded kit TOTAL $3,894 $118 per kit

  For a more thorough look at emergency kits, review the

various kits available from Preparedness Products Inc. and The Emergency Lifeline Inc. Also, various survivalist recommended backpacks lists and lists of home survival suppllies are available from Ken Seger.

             RETROFITTING THE EXISTING BUILDINGS

RETROFITTING THE BUILDING'S CONTENTS

   Many small modifications can be made that will reduce

injury and property loss for a small expenditure of time and material. The best way to accomplish minor retrofits would be to examine all rooms, hallways, closets and storage areas and consider what would happen if there was a sudden horizontal or vertical acceleration.

   For each area an inventory sheet should be made with two

main categories: physical injury and property loss. Each of these categories having a major threat and minor threat division. For example, under major injury: the need to secure tall, top-heavy bookcases, filing cabinets that could cause injury on impact, or water heaters, kilns or kitchen equipment that could generate a fire or explosion. Under minor threat: the need to secure frames that have glass or computer printers. Under major property: the need to secure computer equipment, copiers, video equipment, heating and cooling devices, etc. Under minor property: the need to secure records, and other breakables.

   While Mr. Yokley most certainly has the ability to effect

these improvements, having the time to implement them, in addition to normal services within normal working hours, is unlikely. His terms of employment could be expanded if he is willing and finances are available, or a task force of moms and dads handy with tools could come in on scheduled weekends.

RETROFITTING THE BUILDINGS THEMSELVES

  Both the necessity and the feasibility of major retrofits

on the structures need to be studied by a qualified engineer or architect. Carmen Johnson has lists of publications that might aid this activity. If one of the Rossman parents is qualified for this activity, and is willing to waive their fee, the school should purchase any needed materials and reimburse expenses.

                       RECOMMENDATIONS
   If Rossman parents, faculty and staff were typical people,

the results of viewing this information would be, "Yup that's a good idea. Somebody should do some of that stuff sometime.", and that would be the end of it. We would continue at our current state of unpreparedness.

   Rossman people are not typical people. Otherwise, Rossman

would not be the unique quality institution that it is.

   I am certain that all of us would like to see the children

of Rossman have the same chance of surviving an emergency that a Swiss child has. Unfortunately our society does not place as great an emphasis on safety as the Swiss do. If we did, this report would be unnecessary.

   Unlike the Swiss, we can not expect funding from either the

Federal, State, county or city government. Like everything else at Rossman, if we want it done, we need to do it ourselves.

   While manhours and funds can, and will, be made available

for preparedness, their amount is not unlimited. Therefore, we should first put our time and money into items that will make the greatest amount of difference. This would be the area of medical preparedness.

   While food and shelter are quite important, a child can die

from a sucking chest wound or cut blood vessel much faster than they can from hypothermia or starvation. After the possible critical injury needs have been prepared for, attention should be paid to items that can afford the greatest amount of safety for the least amount of time and money. This would be shelter from the elements.

   After this need has been at least minimally prepared for,

the remaining topics can be covered as time and money permit. Please note that much of the equipment can provide great utility at very low cost. Example, portable lighting items for each staff member will cost at minimum over $100, whereas sanitation requirements for human waste can be dealt with for less than $30.

   A wildcard that can frustrate preparedness planning is the

arrival of additional people not considered part of the original plan. This problem has two aspects. First, while it is hoped "more hands make lighter work", those hands are attached to a body that needs food, water, sanitation, shelter, and perhaps, medical attention. Second, the additional individuals will not have taken part in the preparedness training. This places an added burden on managers to maintain control and perform expedient training during the emergency.

                   RECOMMENDATIONS (con.)
   Since the individuals are outside of the system, their sense

of willingness and ability to follow orders may be less than ideal if not outright disruptive. Care should be taken not to offend others who desire shelter as they may be ideal candidates for various tasks that one does not want to employ the trained staff and faculty on, such as, menial tasks, scouting, heavy labor, etc.

   Discrete inquires should be made to nearby populations such

as Lucky Lane and Missouri Baptist College to determine their level of planning. If their attitude towards preparedness planning is positive, then a possibility of combining resources and purchasing power would be very advantageous to all parties. If their attitude towards preparedness is negative, pains should be taken to denote the limited scope of Rossman resources.

    The illustrated degrees of preparedness, are meant to

demonstrate the different levels of preparedness available. Sticking to one level on all topics cannot be assumed to be the most effective use of money. Depending on varying opinions as to the degree of need in each area, different topics can be prepared for at different levels.

   As stated in the overview, these notes are merely a

framework for discussion. Cost estimates of different levels should be used like a menu for a 7 person dinner at a Chinese restaurant. Choose one appetizer, one soup, several entrees and one dessert. The mix of preparedness levels will be determined by the perceived degree of need.

                SUGGESTED ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN
   After this information folder has been presented to Mrs.

Betz, and she has had time to read and digest the material herein, a demonstration of the various survival supplies and kits may be necessary so she will have a clearer idea of the concepts involved. From thereon Mrs. Betz can determine the best course of action.

   Some suggested courses of actions might be: duplicating this

folder for the Board of Directors, arranging a demonstration of survival supplies for the Board of Directors after they have had the time to study this folder or requesting a smaller folder be constructed for faculty, staff and parents.

   It should be pointed out that this folder, with its glossary

and supply source list, is very useful as a source book for individuals who wish to improve their home preparedness; therefore, it is hoped that it will be distributed in its present length.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOLDERS

   Ultimately, there are two sets of information folders that

may need to be created for the preparedness plan. One set for information before a disaster and another for use during the disaster.

Preparing for disaster: This set of folders should contain informational checklists to help various people and groups prepare to mitigate the effects of a disaster. Obvious targets would be the various task force members, faculty and staff and parents who wish to enhance their home preparedness level. Each folder should include a bibliography of additional information resources.

Executing preparedness plans: During a disaster, everybody's adrenaline is up and people who could recite their disaster plans backward and forward on a typical day are incapable of remembering the priorities of their own plan under the extremely stressful circumstances. Instead of a bulky folder that might be misplaced or not carried along due to its size, a laminated 3"x5" or larger card with the essentials printed on both sides might be very helpful. This could be put in a glove compartment, taped to the CB, etc.

   A similar card, stating in simple terms how to use the

supplies, should be included in the preparedness supplies.

   While it is tempting to use 8 point or smaller type face and

make the card an encyclopedic warehouse of information, it should be remembered that the card is not intended to be used under

                  SUGGESTED ACTIONS (con.)

ideal conditions, but under the worst possible conditions where lost or broken eyeglasses or with a flashlight whose batteries should have been replaced many months ago might be the case.

TASK FORCES

  Since Parent's Club meetings already have a full agenda, a

separate evening meeting of parents who wish to become involved in school disaster preparedness would probably be best. Those parents who choose to come should be given this folder several days before the meeting so topics can be covered more fully.

   One of the more important aspects of that, and subsequent,

preparedness meetings, would be the creation and activation of various parent task forces. These task forces would carry out the needed activities to implement whatever level of preparedness is desired. Below is a list of some of the possible task forces.

   RETROFITTING - This could consist of several teams
   depending on skills. One team could catalog retrofits
   concerning the contents of the building.  Another team
   could implement the recommendations of the first.  If
   there are parent volunteers who have the training, a
   study of the present building's seismic fragility could
   be made.  If not, this would have to be contracted out.
   PURCHASING AGENTS - Most of the prices of preparedness
   items are listed at retail.  Very little price
   reduction can be effected on items purchased in small
   quantities.  However, on items purchased in quantities
   of one-half or one full gross, a sizable discount might
   be available if purchased directly.
   CB NETWORK - If the school purchases a 40 chan. SSB CB,
   it would be helpful to have a network of parents who
   have similar equipment.  Ideally each node of the
   network would be located a significant distance from
   each other throughout the area of parents homes so that
   each Rossman parent would know whom they could go
   to for communication with the school.  A primary,
   secondary and tertiary channel should be for school to
   parent communication.  Another set of channels should
   be established for parent to parent communication.
   This might be especially needed if certain nodes have
   difficulty communicating directly with the school.
                  SUGGESTED ACTIONS (con.)
   PORTABLE PHONE NETWORK- While the CB network would be
   totally independent of utilities, there is a
   possibility that car and handheld phone service might
   either be uneffected or the first to be repaired.
   This network would not be as reliable as the CB
   network, but if it is available it would be of great
   benifit.
   KIT MAKERS - These people will create and assemble the
   various kits.
   TEMPORARY HOUSING - These would be volunteers who would
   agree to house students, faculty, and staff who have
   difficulty getting home after most others have left.
   These might be considered way stations for traveling
   home.  These volunteers should have stored bedding,
   water, food, sanitation and shelter for the number of
   people they choose to house.
   4WD OWNERS - Since transportaion might be quite a
   problem if the quake is large enough, a volunteer group
   of owners of 4 wheel drive vehicles with adequate
   ground clearance should arrange an expanded carpool
   based on the capability of their vehicle.  One
   possibility would be a shuttle service from school to
   the way station houses to reduce the distance parents
   without 4WD would have to go to pick up their children
   should transportation be limited to 4WD in certain
   areas.  Establishing this emergency carpool would also
   be a good idea if there were ever a blizzard-like storm
   in which 2WD travel becomes difficult. 
                  SUGGESTED ACTIONS (con.)

FINANCING PREPAREDNESS

   It should be very clearly stressed that financing for

preparedness be above and beyond normal school finances. It simply won't work for a parent to say, "Well, this year I'll give to the preparedness fund instead of annual giving." This will not work. Annual giving supports the day to day operation of the school. The endowment giving is strictly for the endowment fund. Any donations to the preparedness fund needs to be above and beyond normal giving patterns least the rest of the school functions suffer.

   The funds for preparedness should be considered similar to

a single premium insurance policy. Funds to purchase an item that will need to be replaced in five years are similar to a single premium 5 year term non-renewable policy. Funds for an item that will last for decades would be like a single premium paid life policy.

   A PREPAREDNESS PLAN IS INSURANCE.  If you are fortunate

enough not to have cause to use it, it was an unnecessary purchase. But it is too late to purchase it after the need arises. What you purchase is piece of mind. By having a preparedness plan implemented, each parent knows they have fulfilled their moral obligation to care for their child to the best of their ability.

                      CLOSING COMMENTS
   This paper can not possibly convey all of the information

needed to create a preparedness system. There are many fine texts available from various sources that the serious student of preparedness should study. Demonstrations of survival products are available from Ken Seger by appointment.

   Ken Seger does not sell or have any economic interest in

any sales of survival supplies. While Ken Seger is a Certified Survival Instructor for LIVE FREE, the material presented here, or in any demonstrations, are strictly Ken Seger's personal viewpoints and opinions and do not necessarily represent the opinion of LIVE FREE INTERNATIONAL.

   Ken Seger can be contacted at 763 Haw Thicket Lane, Des

Peres,Mo 63131 or (314)821-9147 (voice line).

   Preparedness planning necessitates working around a big

"Catch 22". If the quake is small, the extensive preparations are not needed. Utilities are all intact, police, EMTs, hospitals, ambulances and other emergency services are all there, but not needed. If the quake is large, no amount of preparedness planning will be able to solve every single problem. Utilities, police, EMTs, hospitals, ambulances and other emergency services will all be desperately needed, but unavailable.

   Planning for the worst case, can lead to, what may be

considered, "overdoing it". If all disasters occurred under ideal conditions, preparedness planning, and the attendant expenses, would be greatly reduced. Real life situations rarely have easy answers.

                          APPENDIX

APPENDIX #1

                 ON THE TOPIC OF NUCLEAR WAR
   Why should books and videos on the subject of nuclear war

be included here?

    1) A confidence building mechanism.  If a teacher
   acquires the knowledge and skills to survive a full
   scale nuclear war, they then know that surviving a much
   smaller catastrophe like a major earthquake is
   certainly within their capabilities.
   2) It focuses the mind on what is and (perhaps more
   importantly) what is not needed for survival.
   3) To put our activities in perspective.  1/4th of the
   world's population has effective Civil Defense (the
   U.S. does not).  There do exist other cultures that are
   willing to dedicate more manpower and money to
   protecting their children than we do at present.  When
   comparing their preparations to the ones that we are
   considering, our efforts are not that expensive or
   extensive.
   4) A realization that the topic of emergency
   preparedness, if it is to cover one situation in a
   thorough manner, must cover all aspects of emergencies.
   To a large extent the techniques and research that are
   helpful to earthquake preparedness stem from developing
   the technology and skills to survive a nuclear war.
   It is useful to know how a techinique evolved, rather
   than to simply know the answer. 
   5) Thinking about a nuclear war is an excellent method
   of making a checklist of needed skills and materials
   for other disasters.  By comparing the needs of
   surviving a nuclear war with the needs of a lesser
   emergency you can make more effective use of time and
   material.  There are many survivalists who have
   absolutely no expectation of a nuclear war; however,
   they prepare for one as a method of preparing for
   future emergencies they do expect to occur.  If you
   are prepared for a nuclear war, you are prepared for
   anything else that might happen.
   6) If the estimates by the CIA do come true, and there
   are 20 nations in the year 2000 that have
   InterContinental Ballistic Missiles (in comparison to
   the current 5), then this small, limited introduction
   will be of assistance to any additional steps of
   preparedness that may be chosen in the future.  

APPENDIX #2

             ADDITIONAL NOTES ON SWISS SHELTERS
   The Swiss have the best all-hazards preparedness system in

the world, followed closely by the Scandinavian countries, USSR, Red China, and Israel.

   Below are some specification extracted verbatim from

Federal Swiss law.

   The shelter shall not exceed 5% of total building cost,

excluding the purchase of ground (as per Swiss Federal Law BUILDING MEASURES FOR CIVIL DEFENSE dated 4 October, 1963 Article 8 - 1) with the Federal government providing 30-70% costs of building and equipment (same law Article 5 - 1) with canton (state) and community (city) assuming the remaining costs (same law Article 6-1). Shelter spaces shall be 2/3rds the number of seats in school as per Swiss Federal Department of Justice and Police, Office of Civil Defense - Technical Directive for the Construction of Private Air Raid Shelters 15 November 1966 Chapter 2.1.1.2 - upgraded to one space per person as per Report of the Federal Council to Parliament on the 1971 Conception of Civil Defense 11 August, 1971 Chapter 4.3.4 with one fully protected space for each member of the nation by 1985/1990. As per Technical Directives etc. 1966 there shall be per shelter space - from 2.1.1.3 - 10.8 sq ft floor space, 88 cu ft volume, 10.8 sq ft per ventilator, 0.54 sq ft floor space for air lock, 0.76 sq ft for decontamination room - from 2.1.1.1.2 the shelter shall be divided into gas tight cells each containing a maximum of 50 people with a total capacity of 200 persons. Several shelter groups may be situated next to or on top of each other if decentralization is not possible - from 2.2.2.3 if shelter has 101-200 spaces separate decontamination and air rooms are mandatory - from 2.2.3.1 for 101-200 place there shall be at minimum 1 category I escapeway, 1 or 2 (depending on cell configuration) category II escapeshaft(s) and 1 category IV escapetube with all entrances, exits and ventilation openings able to withstand 1 ATM <or 3 ATM> ie. a Hiroshima level of blast (12KiloTon) at 0.4 mile <0.2 miles>, a 100 KiloTon blast at 0.8 miles <0.4 miles>, a 1 MegaTon blast at 1.6 miles <0.9 miles> or 10 MegaTon blast at 1.6 miles <0.9 miles>.

   All laws and technical construction notes are available

from the Federal Office for Civil Defense, WRITTEN IN ENGLISH, in Berne, Switzerland.

        The inclusion of the above information is to put a small

earthquake preparedness plan into perspective as far as what can and what can not be done.

   Please note that the Swiss system is NOT just a theoretical

abstraction of what should be done. There are fallout shelters for over 115% of the Swiss population and fallout/blast/biochem shelters for 90+% of the Swiss population installed and operational as of 1988. APPENDIX #3

        
               PRICES OF PREPAREDNESS SUPPLIES
  (Please note; some of these prices might be out of date)

40 channel SSB CB - $160 with antenna and battery pack, Santa Fe

   Distributing,  14400 West 97th Terrace, Lenexa,KS 66215
   orders only 1-800-255-6595

45 ACP revolver & shotshells - used $150, refurbished $200, new

   $300

Activated charcoal filter - depends on size and packaging

   $30-60, SI

Aluminized mylar blanket - Ie."space blanket" $3 from Cabela's,

   812-13th Ave., Sidney,NE 69160  orders only 1-800-237-4444

Aluminized mylar sleeping bag - Ie. "space" bag $9 Cabela's AM/FM radio - small unit that runs on AA or C cells $5-10 any

   discount store larger units that run on D cells have better
   sound since they have considerably larger loudspeakers, $40

AM/FM radio, solar/generator powered - $30 from Preparedness

   Products

AM/FM/TV radio - as above with TV audio band $20-30 Ammo cans, military - smalls $3-10, larges $15-50, many stores Audiotape, How to Survive a Major Earthquake, 32 min. $5.00 The

   Emergency Lifeline,1514 E. Edinger, Suite 1, Santa Ana,CA
   92705 (714)558-8940

Book, Emergency/survival Handbook by the American Outdoor Safety

   League, $3.45 from Preparedness Products, 3855 South 500
   West, Bldg. G, Salt Lake City,UT   84115  (801)261-8823

Book, The Preparedness Handbook $2.40 from Preparedness Products Book, Reader's Digest First Aid Book $1.25 from Prepared. Prod. Book, Earthquake Preparedness $4.00 from The Emergency Lifeline Brinkman (imitation Mag-Lite) (3 D cells) Wal-Mart $18 Cap-stun - $10-25 in 5 different sizes, Phoenix Systems Inc

   P.O. Box 3339, Evergreen,CO 80439 for individual sales,
   Guardian Security Products Dept.SH-3 8350 North 7th Street,
   Phoenix,AZ 85020 for $144 26 unit package

Cyalume sticks - 12 hour 10/$10 from Sierra Supply P.O.Box 1390,

   Durango,CO  81302, $2.50 other sources

D cells standard - Wal-Mart $3/8 cells D cells alkaline - Wal-Mart $5/6 cells D cells 20 year - $228/96 cells The Emergency Lifeline, 1425

   Culver Drive, Suite A-474, Irvine,CA 92714 (714)558-8940

EMP protector - $35 Kootenai Radio & Energy, best prices in USA, Box 215,

   Kootenai, Idaho 83840  Also has solar panels and radios.

Flare gun - $80, shells $11 from Phoenix Systems Inc. Flashlight, incandescent, plastic, cheap - Any dept.store $2 Flashlight, incandescent, plastic, good quality - Any store $6 Fluorescent lantern - Wal-Mart Ray-O-Vac $20 Gas valve shut-off wrench, domestic $5.29 from Preparededness

   Products or $8.50 from Emergency Lifeline

APPENDIX #3 (con.)

Generator flashlight - $7 from S.I. Outdoor, Food, &

   Equipment, P.O.Box 3796, Gardena,CA 90247 orders 
   1-800-533-7415, questions (213)324-8855 or 324-8859

Gunsafe, suitable for storing sidearms, $70 at most gun stores Gunsafe, suitable for longarms, $150 at gun stores,

   $110 on sale at BEST Store

Hassock style portapotty - $40 from SI Immersion heater - used $25 from Bob Lewis Army Surplus

   or new $80 Graingers

Instant cold pack - Walgreens $2 on sale Instant hot pack - $7.95/6 Cabela's, or $2 at Walgreens Iodine generator - crystalline "Polar Pure" $8.49 Indiana Camp

   Supply, P.O.Box 211, Hobart,IN 46342 (21)947-2525 
   ***This item could be produced for $2 each in lots of 50***

Katadyn water filter - $180 (1987 price sheet) Kootenai Radio &

   Energy Systems Box 215 Kootenai,Idaho 83840 (they sell US
   distributor direct and are the least expensive source in
   the US for many radio, solar, & survival supplies)

Kearney Diet - See Nuclear War Survival Skills, approx. $250 for

   adult/year depending on type of packing (a discount from
   30-70% for large quantities)

Krypton bulb - $3 for standard or alkaline batteries, $6 for

   ni-cads, (per pair) Spartan Supply box 310 Hixson,TN 37343
   1-800-251-3904

Mace - common non-lethal temporary anti-personal spray $15/unit Maglite (3 D cells) - Wal-Mart $20, Spartan Supply $16 Matches, water resistant - 96 boxes/$20 BW trading,box 692,

   Newark,OH 43055

Matches, life boat - 25 matches per vial, 5 vials/$10, Brigade

   Quartermasters, 1025 Cobb International Blvd., Kennesaw,
   GA 30144-4300 orders 1-800-228-7344, (BQ never has the
   lowest price, but in MANY cases they have quality equipment
   that can be found no where else)

Metal garbage can - Builder's Square $9, or other hardware store Morman 4 - approx. $200 for adult/yr.(discount on large orders) Morman 4 + 40 - approx. $300 per adult/year (ditto) MRE - 50/$150 from Sierra Supply, Box 1390, Durango,CO 81302 MR8 - 50/$130 from Brigade Quartermasters Nuclear War Survival Skills $10.95 each, or $80.00 for 10, plus

   postage (10%) Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine,
   P.O.Box 1279, Cave Junction,OR    (503)592-4142

Oak Ridge Laboratory Hazard-mitigating house plans - 1,200,

   1,400, or 3,400 sq ft set of blueprints $25 from TACDA The
   American Civil Defense Association Box 1057 Starke,FL 32091
   (904)964-5397 phone, (904)964-9641 FAX

Plastic, 5 mil, Rolls - various sizes, $10-30, any hardware store Portable sink - $30 Cabela's or Preparedness Products PVC - Any plumbing supply store, price is relative to diameter Rope, polyester - 50ft. 3/16" (#6) $4 any good hardware store APPENDIX #3 (con.)

"solar" shower - $17 Cabela's "space blanket" - See Aluminized mylar "space" sleeping bag - See Aluminized mylar Tarp, polyethylene - 5'x7' $3, 6'x8' $4, 8'x'10' $7, 8'x12' $8,

   10'x12' $10, 10'x18' $15, 10'x30' $24, 12'x18' $18,
   14'x24' $27, 15'x 30' $36, 20'x20' $32 20x40' $64, 26'x 40'
   $84, 40'x40' $128, 50'x50' $200 Pool Surplus P.O.Box 370
   Benton,AR 72015

Tarpurethane, coated nylon, double seams, triple folded sides -

5'x7' $18,  7'x9' $25, 8'x10' $32 Indiana Camp Supply

Tents, used with no poles or tent stakes - 12' x 15' $200, 17'

   octagonal $250, 16' x 32' $350, 18' x 50' $500 Bob Lewis
   Army Surplus, Rt. 19, Box 162, Lebanon,MO 65536
   (417)532-9657   9 miles south on Highway 5

Tents, new with poles & floor, no stakes - 12' x 14' $635,

    16' x 18' $1.015  B&B Gun Sales, Rt. 2, Box 244,
   Groesbeck,TX 76642 (817)729-2631, other sizes too.

Trioxane fuel tabs - $1.50 a box, discount for larger orders

    Infinity Self-Reliance Center, Box 382, Columbia,MO 65205

Uberlebens Nahrung - not available in the USA Videotape, Fast Food Storage, - $7.00 from Preparedness Products Videotape, Nuclear War Survival Skills- 1-4 371 minutes $30

   each or set for $95  Oregon Institute of Science and
   Medicine, Box 1279, Cave Junction, OR 97523

Videotape, Practical Preparedness - 64 minutes $30 from TACDA Videotape, Soviet Civil Defense 1-7 - 624 minutes - $30 each,

   set of 7 for $145 Available from and 1989 Copywright by
   OREGON INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE   P.O.Box 1279,
   Cave Junction, Oregon 97523 (503)592-4142

Water bag, 5 gal with tap, box, human waste bag and disinfectant

  1. 5 for $29 Preparedness Products 80 So. Redwood Road -

Suite 215, North Salt Lake City Utah 84054 (801)292-3481

   292-3483

APPENDIX #4

              ADDITIONAL INFORMATION RESOURCES
   BBSs (computerized "Bulletin Board System" accessible via

and computer, modem, and phone line)

   Literally thousands of pages of additional information are

available at no charge by calling with computer/modem, KEN'S SURVIVALISTS' BBS 300/1200/2400 bps 24 hours per day, 7 days per week (except for maintenance routines) at (314)821-2815. All brands of computers are welcome with adjustable characters per line and lines per page or continuous readout for all monitors. All text files can be "TYPE"d with adjustable line length or downloaded with any of eight different protocols (seven with intelligent error correcting).

   ExecuNet is a BBS service, prices start at $25/yr, in

Illinois which has most of the files found on Ken's Survivalists' plus other files of interest to survivalists. Many of ExecuNet's additional files can be found on Ken's Survivalists' under the <N>ews area under ExecuNet Files.

   Please check with ExecuNet for latest listing. is a full

service system with 6 simultaneous phone line abilities at (618)397-4569, via P.C. Pursuit long distance service at (618)451-5074, and in St. Louis, MO at (314) 772-9409.

MAGAZINES & NEWSLETTERS

   Here are some newslettersand magazines of interest to

survivalists.

   DIRECTIONS  - monthly  newsletter of LIVE FREE,  $15.00

per year,$200 lifetime - 12/yr. Box 1743 Harvey,IL 60426 LIVE FREE is Jim Jones's organization and has been around for over 25 years. Articles cover all areas, mostly member submitted ,emphasis is on do it yourself and small group. Once you are a member you can also purchase the LIVE FREE papers and booklets. LIVE FREE sponsors many seminars and get-to-gethers every year.

   SELF RELIANCE GROUP - monthly newsletter, $10/yr 1355 N.

McCarran Reno,NV 89512, mostly reprints from ASG, and other sources.

   THE LIGHT SPECTRUM - $18/6 issues/yr.  Box 215 Kootenai,

Idaho 83840 THE SOURCE for info on solar panels and communications

   SURVIVAL TOMORROW - $48/12 issues/yr. p.o.box 910 Merlin,OR

97532 Homestead and do it your self oriented. Very good.

   USEFUL INFORMATION - $20/6 issues Box 3132 West Palm Beach,

FL 33402 Excellent, from woodsman, civil defense advocate David Lobdell. Also sells booklets How to build a 20 person permanent concrete fallout shelter for under $2,000. - $6, and How to live through a nuclear war - $16 APPENDIX #4 (con.)

   FIGHTING CHANCE - $60/12 issues/yr. Box 1279 Cave Junction,

OR 97523 Emphasis on steel-walled blast shelters.

   AMERICAN SURVIVAL GUIDE (ASG) - $22/12 - $39/24, 12 issues

per yr. McMullen Publishing, P.O.Box 15690, Santa Ana,CA 92705-0690 Large magazine covering all areas, tends to cater favorably to advertisers in its product review.

   JOURNAL OF CIVIL DEFENSE - $18/yr. $34/2 yrs. 6 issues/yr.

Box 1057 Starke, FL 32091 THE AMERICAN CIVIL DEFENSE ASSOCIATION's (TACDA) bi-monthly magazine. THE civil defense advocate magazine! Sells blueprints for shelters and banked earth houses.

   THE TACDA ALERT - $8/6 issues/yr. TACDA's newsletter. You

can get both newsletter and magazine with $35/yr membership.

   AUSTRALASIAN SURVIVOR - $18(US$)/4 issues/yr Box 11,

Dickson A.C.T. 2602 Australia Emphasis on on free enterprise, tool making, black smithing, hand built milling machines, etc.

   SPECIAL REPORT SERVICE - $49(US$) Periodic reports from

Bruce Silbey on various civil defense topics. Available from JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL CIVIL DEFENSE, 11 Newport Creent, Waddington, Lincolnshire, LN5 9LZ, England. His excellent book SURVIVING DOOMSDAY is available from here at $15 US.

           Back issues of now defunct newsletters
   Duncan Long's newsletters - last 12 issues $1.50 each -

available from LIVE FREE

   Practical  Civil  Defense - Bruce Silbey's  old  magazine.

$63(US$ ppd.) for all three years VERY authoritative! Excellent resource for nuclear war preparedness. (see SPECIAL REPORT SERVICE for address)

   Personal Survival Letter - Mel Tappan's old newsletter

available from SI Box 3796,Gardena,CA 90247

   Foresight - Dick Oster's old newsletter available from

LIVE FREE via Ken Sarabok.

 There are many other survivalist newsletters but these are the most

widely read.

The Survivalist Pledge

To help all that can be helped, To defend all that can be defended, To save all that can be saved, To free all that seek freedom, To stay alive as long as I can and stay free as long as I live.

   from LIVE FREE INTERNATIONAL
                          GLOSSARY

40 channel SSB CB - Citizen's Band radio (no licensing

   requirements) with 40 channels in AM, 40 channels in Upper
   side band, and 40 channels in Lower side band.
   Conventional CBs have just the 40 AM channels, which will
   probably be clogged in an emergency.
   purchased and registered by an individual.  Even with
   conventional ammo a pistol is only useful as a short range
   weapon.  The use of shotshell converts the pistol into what
   amounts to a short range .410 shotgun and is ideal for
   rodent, snake, and small animal control.  A shotgun is
   unwieldy and bulky.  The shotshell is also powerful enough
   to be useful in controlling criminals.

Activated charcoal filter - water filter to remove chemically

   reactive pollutants and is most effective if the water has
   first passed through filter paper to reduce turbidity.

Aluminized mylar blanket Ie."space blanket" - Extremely compact

   and lightweight (though very noisy) mylar sheet that has
   been coated with an aluminum film which will reflect 80% of
   body heat, will not allow wind to pass through.

Aluminized mylar sleeping bag Ie. "space" sleeping bag -

   same as above but in the size and shape of a sleeping bag
   instead of a flat sheet.

AM/FM radio - It would be nice if radio selection could be

   limited to units that either use D cells or for which
   external D cell adaptors could be made.  This would reduce
   the need to inventory different battery sizes and also
   extend the number of hours of use of the unit before
   battery replacement is needed.  Unfortunately most D cell
   portable radios are large and expensive.  An excellent
   alternative is an AM/FM radio that has self contained solar
   cells, hand powered generator, and integral nickel cadmium
   batteries.

AM/FM/TV radio - As above but can receive the voice portion of

   VHF TV

Ammo cans, military - heavy, durable, air and watertight steel

   or plastic boxes of all sizes and shapes.  Useful for
   storing all manner of items.

Audiotape, How to Survive a Major Earthquake, 32 minutes - a

   good  introduction to the topic of earthquake preparedness

Brinkman (imitation Mag-Lite) - My experience with flashlights

   that look like Mag-Lites but are a few dollars cheaper has
   been a disaster.  A waste of money.

Cap-stun - the best of many brands of non-lethal debilitating

   aerosol
                       GLOSSARY (con.)

Cyalume sticks - a photochemical light source which, while not

   very bright, produce no heat or sparks during operation or
   activation and are totally waterproof in storage,
   activation, and use.  Completely soft plastic with no sharp
   or hard edges and can't generate sparks by being bumped
   against other materials.  Handy eyelet for attachment.
   There are 12 hour versions that are fair for 2-3 hours and
   dim, but bright enough for identifiers for the remaining
   time.  There are 1 hour or 30 minute versions where a
   brighter light is needed for a short time.  Available in
   red, green, blue, yellow, and white.

D cells standard - normal carbon zinc batteries. Cheap, but

   prone to leakage need to be rotated every few years.

D cells alkaline - alkaline battery. Cost more but less likely

   to leak and have a five year 80% charge life.

D cells 20 year - a cell in which the chemical components are

   isolated from each other until the cap is twisted.  When
   activated, voltage & power is similar to a standard D cell.

D cell nickel-cadmium - popular rechargeable battery. Only puts

   out 1.2 volts per cell (normal carbon-zinc or alkalines
   produce 1.5 volts).  Must be recharged frequently.  Acquires
   a charge limit if not fully charged after full or partial
   discharge which can only be normalized by full discharge
   and full recharge.  Has a very sharp discharge slope.  Ie.
   when it starts let a light go dim, it goes out quickly
   whereas other cells will continue to keep the light dim
   for a long time.

EMP - ElectroMagnetic Pulse - multifrequency radio wave capable

   of burning out solid state electronic components such as
   microchips and transistors.  EMP is caused by nuclear
   explosions.  If the nuclear explosion is inside the
   atmosphere, the EMP range is very small. If the explosion
   is outside the atmosphere, the radiation strikes the
   atmosphere and can create the EMP wave thousands of miles
   from the explosion.  One well placed explosion in orbit
   above Omaha could knock out all semiconductors from L.A.
   to N.Y.  This would cause a greater loss of life and
   property damage than a bomb going off in a single city and
   might be the next terrorist threat in the 21st century.
   EMP will be picked up by any item that can act like an
   antenna and conduct the EMP burst to equipment.  An EMP
   protector must be installed in series with  the antenna or
   power cord or phone line of any radio, computer or other
   solid state device which might operate in a nuclear war
   environment.  Lightning protectors are not useful against
   EMP as the rise time of EMP is MUCH faster than a
   lightning pulse.
                       GLOSSARY (con.)

Flare gun, shoots 26.5 mm NATO flares, 350' elevation, 6 sec.

   burn time

Flashligh, incandescent, plastic, cheap - assume 10% will break

   during use

Flashlight, incandescent, plastic, good quality - more durable,

   better lantern, battery operated which is much better than
   flashlights since they produce a greater quantity of light
   with less glare and better distribution than an
   incandescent at a lower drain rate on the batteries

Gas valve shutoff wrench - a wrench specially designed to turn

   off gas valves in emergencies that will not cause dangerous
   sparks and will not corrode if attached to the gas valve by
   rope to the gas valve or located near the gas valve under
   shrubbery if vandalism is likely, see Rope.

Generator flashlight - you squeeze a lever which turns a

   dynamo, you have to keep pumping for light, they are cheap
   and will wear out under heavy or careless use, unless you
   can find a military model

Gunsafe, suitable for storing sidearms, opens with adjustable

   push button code approx 4"x8"x12" and useful for storing
   various items

Gunsafe, suitable for longarms, opens with tubular key

   approx 1.5'x1'x4' and useful for storing all sorts of items

Hassock style portapotty - plastic drum with conventional

   toilet seat, more comfortable than box type but costs 5
   times as much, can be used for storing supplies when not
   in use

Immersion heater - kerosene powered water heater which is put

   inside metal garbage can, heats a lot of water very
   quickly to boiling

Instant cold pack - chemical pack that becomes cold upon

   activation

Instant hot pack - many styles, most are single use either

   continuous or can be put in air tight bag and "paused",
   costly ($20) style can be recharged

Iodine generator, crystalline - this consists of a small glass

   bottle with a lid the iodine won't dissolve, called a
   generator since you use it to create a saturated solution
   of iodine/water you add to a quart of water, under normal
   temperatures it will sterilize the water in 20 minutes.

Katadyn water filter - based on a ceramic microfiltration core

   that is so fine no living organism is small enough to pass
   through including giardia

Kearney Diet - the Morman 4 plus beans for better amino acid

   balance in proteins and a source of oil for essential fatty
   acids both of which is lacking in the Morman 4

Krypton bulb - produces a much brighter light than a standard

    incandescent bulb, use the krypton unit and save the normal
    flashlight bulb for a spare
                       GLOSSARY (con.)

Mace, or tear gas - traditional non-lethal non-permanent

   anti-personnel aerosols, there are better systems now
   available for the same price

Maglite flashlights (available in 2 AAA, 2 AA, 2,3,4,5,6,7 C,

    2,3,4,5,6 D cells) are made of machined aluminum and are
   more reliable and durable than plastic flashlights though
   they are more expensive.  The focus of the light beam is
   adjustable from spot to flood.  While they are advertised
   as waterproof, I would not trust them to be explosion proof.

Matches, water resistant - should work if damp, but not wet.

   They need a special striker surface to light in any case.

Matches, life boat - basically a heavy duty friction match

   dipped in a burnable varnish, when wet will light on any
   rough surface.

Metal garbage can - suitable for use with immersion heater

   which would melt the bottom out of a plastic garbage can

Morman 4 - survival rations developed by the Morman church of

   Latter Day Saints designed for economy and long shelf life,
   consists of wheat, sugar, salt, and dried milk.

Morman 4 + 40 - the Morman 4 plus 40 rotated canned goods for

   improved taste and variety

MRE - Meal Ready to Eat, retort packaged meal containing a full

   balanced meal for combat soldier, outer bag contains
   separate retorts of entree, crackers, cheese, jelly, candy,
   cocoa mix, and fruit depending on pack.  All packs contain
   accessory pack of toilet paper, pepper, salt, chewing gum,
   spoon.   Can be stored up to ten years under ideal
   temperatures.

MR8 - NATO approved compact ration bar containing minimum daily

   diet requirements.  Neutral tasting, it can be eaten with
   or without water or heating.  It can be made into a drink or
   crumbled over other foods.  Each pack contains four
   individually packed two part portion with 1040 calories. The
   all vegtable source contains added sugar.  Protein 15.1%,
   Fats 14.9%, Carbo. 64.1%, Moisture 4.5%, Minerals 1.4%

Nuclear War Survival Skills book, 1987 version 282 pages with

   index - While the main point of this book is to teach you
   what to do before, during and after a nuclear war to
   survive, it is a great source of information on how to live
   without utilities for extended periods of time.  Unlike
   other survivalist books, the use and purchase of
   specialized survival equipment is not covered, instead, it
   illustrates how to create that special equipment from
   readily available common household items.

Oak Ridge National Laboratory Hazard-mitigating house - a series

   of blueprints for constructing 1,200 sg ft.,1,400 sq.ft, and
   3,400 sq.ft. underground houses that can be converted to
   blast/fallout shelters with sandbags and railroad ties.
                       GLOSSARY (con.)

Plastic, 5 mil, Rolls - can be used to create tents, see

   Nuclear War Survival Skills book for proper technique

Portable sink - black plastic 5 gal. water container that is a

   sink, stoppered drain, and pump faucet, being black it will
   heat up water if left in the sun.

PVC - PolyVinyl Chloride pipe used in plumbing. Available in

   1", 2", 3", 4", 6", 8".  Can be cut with a hacksaw to any
   length desired.  Glue a cap on one end and a screw base on
   the other. Coat threads with thread sealant, screw in cap
   and you have a wonderful lightweight, rust proof,
   non-corroding, air and water tight container, that will
   last for decades, for storing survival goods either above
   or below ground.

Rope, polyester - The best rope to use to secure your emergency

   gas wrench to your gas valve.  Unlike manila or sisal rope
   it won't rot when left wet,and it is less degraded by
   sunlight that nylon or polypropylene ("poly") rope. Rope is
   preferred over metal chain as metal chain could create a
   spark.  Be certain to leave plenty of slack in the rope to
   maneuver the wrench.  Storing the wrench in the basement is
   a bad idea because it may be inaccessible when needed.
   Securing the rope is advised if theft is likely.  To reduce
   theft, melting instead of tying a knot is advised.

"solar" shower - 2.5 or 5 gallon bag that is insulated on one

   side with foam and reflective barrier and clear on the
   other side.  It will heat water if left in the sun.  Top
   has loops and rod for hanging from tree branch and bottom
   has hose, valve, and shower head

"space blanket" - See Aluminized mylar "space" sleeping bag - See Aluminized mylar TANSTAAFL - There Ain't No Such Thing As A Free Lunch! Tarps - poor man's tents running the gamut from worthless to

   Hurculean

Tents - Used patched surplus Military tents are the best buy.

   You get twice the quality at 1/2 the price of new tents.
   They ARE heavy, but very good.

Trioxane fuel tabs - easy to light, burn very hot, compact,

   smokeless fuel for heating rations

Uberlebens Nahrung - Food powder formulated by Nestles for

   Swiss Civil Defense System.  Used for a beverage base,
   soup, gruel, or paste.

Videotape, Nuclear War Survival Skills 1-4 - While most of

   these tapes cover topics more appropriate for nuclear war
   or nuclear power accidents, they do cover a lot of
   information on how to live without utilities.
   Tape 1: Expedient Blast and Radiation Shelters (102 minutes)
   Tape 2: Shelter Ventilation and Various Other Survival
           Skills (78 minutes)
                      GLOSSARY (con.)p
      Videotape, Nuclear War Survival Skills 1-4 (con.)
   Tpae 3: Home-makeable and Commercial Fallout Radiation
           Meters (117 minutes)
   Tape 4: Nuclear War Facts as Told to Teenagers (74 minutes)

Videotape, Practical Preparedness - This is an EXCELLENT tape

   as it covers all aspects of what a home owner can do to
   live through a disaster situation in safety and comfort.
   If you view only one tape, make it this one. Total time
   64:00, Mains topics are heat, shelter, sanitation, food,
   water.

Videotape, Soviet Civil Defense 1-7 - These tapes show the

   very extensive training and preparations being made by a
   culture that has a very low standard of living but devotes
   2% of its Gross National Product to Civil Defense.  It not
   only teaches survival skills but also is useful when
   comparing how the USSR, the Scandinavian Countries, Red
   China, Switzerland, Israel, and the USA treat preparation
   for disaster.
       Here is what is on the back cover of the tapes:
   "Civil defense in the Soviet Union is a $6 BILLION per year
   defense effort with 150,000 PAID PROFESSIONAL and 20
   MILLION VOLUNTEERS working to prepare Soviet citizens for
   civil defense procedures including the use of their $200
   BILLION CIVIL DEFENSE SHELTER SYSTEM.  Little known in the
   West, Soviet civil defense constitutes an entire branch of
   the Soviet military and an important part of Soviet
   education with mandatory civil defense courses beginning
   in the 5th grade.
   Now the Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine, which
   distributes extensive written, audio, and video tape
   information on civil defense procedures and preparations,
   has produced this definative seven video tape series on
   Soviet Civil Defense.  The tapes feature extensive
   information from the leading American authority on Soviet
   civil defense, Dr. Leon Goure, 15 actual Soviet civil
   defense training filmstrips for adult training, and 2
   filmstrips prepared for use in Soviet 5th grade classes.
   With English translations in the soundtracks, these include:
      1. Injury from Fallout Radiation Can Be Avoided
      2. Actions in the Face of Nuclear Attack - The Main Point
         is Not to Panic
      3. The Shelter - A Dependable Means of Protection
      4. What You Must Know About Nuclear Weapons
      5. Learn How to Use Your Gas Mask
      6. The Danger of Bacteriological Weapons
      7. Blast Shelters, Fallout Shelters, and the Rules for
         Using Them (5th grade)
                       GLOSSARY (con.)
      8. Skillfully Respond to the Threat of Attack and to
         Warning Signals (5th Grade)
      9. Protecting Livestock
     10. Dealing with Public Utility Emergencies
     11. Fallout Shelters and How to Build Them
     12. How to Counteract Chemical Contamination
     13. Countering Pathogenic Bacteria
     14. Fire Fighting
     15. The Reception and Billeting of the Evacuating Population
     16. If the Siren Sounds
     17. After Departing the Area of Destruction
  
   Tape 1: Introduction and Interview of Dr. Leon Goure (97 m)
   Tape 2: Soviet Training Manuals, Books, & Journals -
           Section 1 (86 minutes)
   Tape 3: Journals - Section 2 and Soviet Training Film #1
           (81 minutes)
   Tape 5: Soviet Traing Films #7, 8, 9, 10, snd 11 (91 min)
   Tape 6: Soviet Training Films #12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 (89 m)
   Tape 7: Presentation by Dr. Leon Goure, Soviet Training
           Film #17, and Soviet Civil Defense Posters (92 m)"

Water bag, 5 gal with tap, box, human waste bag and disinfectant

  1. 5 boxes that can be used for either storing, carrying,

and stacking water bags or for box toilets with human

   waste bag and disinfectant. Water bag includes tap and is
   made from aluminized mylar, which unlike other plastic
   water containers, is totally opaque, to prevent internal
   growth of bacteria, and gas impermeable so water will not
   absorb surrounding chemicals, flavors or smells.  Water
   bag can hold 6 gallons when not in stacking box. 



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