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archive:internet:source12

Archive-name: finding-sources Version: $Id: csw_faq,v 1.128 1993/10/17 21:22:22 jik Exp $

I. Table of contents

This article contains the following sections.

I. Table of contents II. Introduction III. How do you find sources? IV. Things not do do V. Searching techniques in detail

1. Usenet source newsgroups
2. The "archie" database
3. The "ftpable-readmes" WAIS database
4. Comp.archives
5. Comp.sources.wanted
6. Prospero
7. Mail server queries

VI. File retrieval techniques in detail

1. By anonymous ftp
2. By anonymous UUCP
3. By mail
   a. Uunet mail archive
   b. BITFTP
   c. Ftpmail
   d. AT&T's netlib archive
   e. Periodic posting archives
   f. Trickle mail servers
   g. Other mail servers

VII. Credits

To find a particular section, search forward for a line beginning with the Roman numeral corresponding to the desired section. For example, search forward for "IV." at the beginning of the line to find the section entitled "Things not to do". Alternatively, if your news reader supports commands to "undigestify" and/or skip to the next section in a digest message, you can use those commands to view this message, since it is in digest format (the section you are reading now is the "preamble" of the digest).


II. Introduction

This posting discusses the resources available to people who are looking for source code. Please read it before posting source code requests to comp.sources.wanted, alt.sources.wanted or any other newsgroup.

Comments about, suggestions about or corrections to this posting are welcomed. If you would like to ask me to change this posting in some way, the method I appreciate most is for you to actually make the desired modifications to a copy of the posting, and then to send me the modified posting, or a context diff between my posted version and your modified version (if you do the latter, make sure to include in your mail the "Version:" line from my posted version). Submitting changes in this way makes dealing with them easier for me and helps to avoid misunderstandings about what you are suggesting.

DO NOT send me private E-mail asking me to help you locate source code. Nearly everything I know about finding sources is documented in this posting. If you can't find something by following the instructions below, then I'm not going to be able to find it either. Furthermore, sending me E-mail asking for help BEFORE following the instructions below is completely out of the question.


III. How do you find sources?

The method you use for locating sources depends on exactly what you are looking for. Here are several possible routes to follow; pick the one that best suits your needs. The descriptions below mention general techniques (e.g. "Check the Usenet source newsgroup indices.") which are described in detail later in this posting. These descriptions are listed in order from most preferred to least preferred solution. You will notice that "Post in comp.sources.wanted" is listed last. This is because posting a message in comp.sources.wanted should only be used as a last resort when you have exhausted all other alternatives.

Once you have located your source code using the instructions below, you can retrieve it via anonymous ftp or E-mail (depending on what is accessible to you and on where the code is archived); this is described in detail later in this posting.

Before following *any* of the routes below, the first thing you should do is exhaust the local resources that are available to you. Often, a program that you are looking for will already be accessible somewhere on your system. Since each site has different local resources, it's impossible to give details here about the resources at any specific site. All that can be said is, "Find someone at your site to ask." Nearly every site has someone whose job it is to answer questions from other users, and the sites that don't have someone doing it officially often have someone doing it unofficially. If you cannot find what you want after checking things out locally, or if you can't find anyone to ask, then proceed as follows.

1. "I know the name of the program I want, but I don't know where to

 get it."
 a. Check the indices for the various main Usenet source newsgroups.
 b. Check with archie.
 c. Check comp.archives.
 d. Check the "ftpable-readmes" WAIS database.
 e. Post to comp.sources.wanted.
 f. If you are looking for an MS-DOS program, check
    pd1:<msdos.filedocs>SIMLIST.ZIP on wsmr-simtel20.army.mil or
    /pc/INDEX.ZIP on garbo.uwasa.fi, available via anonymous ftp
    (see the section below about how to retrieve a file via
    anonymous ftp).

2. "I know the name of the program I want, and I know which newsgroup

 it was posted in, but didn't save it when it was posted and now I
 find that I need it."
 DO NOT post a message to comp.sources.wanted saying, "I didn't save
 all of this when it was archived, could someone please send it to
 me?"  If the code was posted in a source newsgroup, then it is
 archived somewhere.  Follow the instructions below for retrieving
 code from Usenet source newsgroup archives.

3. "Some parts of the <x> package in source newsgroup <y> didn't

 arrive here.  Did anybody else have this problem?  Could someone
 send me the parts I'm missing?"
 If you did not receive part of a package, and you think that the
 problem that caused you not to receive it is more widespread than
 just your site, send a message to the poster of the package and let
 him know that you think it may not have propagated everywhere.  He
 will act as a clearinghouse for problem reports and, if there are
 enough of them, repost the missing parts.
 If you want to get the missing parts, asking for them in a posting
 is a bad idea for two reasons.  First of all, you may very well get
 lots of people mailing you the missing parts, enough to swamp your
 mailbox or your mail feed (You can avoid this, to some extent, by
 saying, "Please write to me if you have it -- don't send me the
 whole thing unless I respond and ask you to!" but you still may end
 up getting many more responses than you need).  Second, since you
 can get the missing parts from the Usenet source newsgroup archives
 using the instructions below, it is a waste of the Usenet's
 resources to post a message asking for them.

4. "I am looking for source code that does <x>."

 Follow the same process as (1) above, but instead of searching for
 the name of the program, search for keywords in your description of
 what you're looking for.  For example, if you're looking for
 graphical clocks that run under the X window system, you might
 search for the word "clock" in the index for comp.sources.x.

5. "I am looking for source code that does <x>," where <x> is

 something algorithmic or mathematical that is commonly solved with
 computers.
 Check AT&T's "netlib" archive (which is accessible via E-mail as
 described below, or via anonymous ftp to research.att.com {username
 "netlib" instead of "anonymous"}), and if that doesn't work,
 proceed as in (3) above.
 Alternatively, if you don't mind doing some typing and/or
 programming, several reference books provide detailed descriptions,
 pseudocode, and sometimes even code for for numerous popular (and
 obscure) algorithms.  Several good books to check are:

Comer, Douglas E. and David L. Stevens. "Internetworking with TCP/IP, Volume II: Design, Implementation, and Internals", Prentice Hall, 1991, ISBN 0-13-472242-6.

Foley, J. D. et al. "Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice", Second Edition, Addison-Wesley, 1990, ISBN 0-201-12210-7.

Knuth, Donald E. "The Art of Computer Programming" (3 volumes), Addison-Wesley, 1973.

Plauger, P. J. "The Standard C Library", Prentice Hall, 1992, ISBN 0-13-131509-9.

Press, William H. et al. "Numerical Recipes, The Art of Scientific Computing", Cambridge University Press, 1989, ISBN 0-521-38330-7. (Fortran code)

Press, William H. et al. "Numerical Recipes in C, The Art of Scientific Computing", Cambridge University Press, 1988, ISBN 0-521-35465-X. (C Code)

Sedgewick, Robert. "Algorithms", Addison-Wesley, 1988. (Pascal code)

Sedgewick, Robert. "Algorithms in C", Addison-Wesley, 1990, ISBN 0-201-51425-7. (C code)

 The publishers of several of these books also make available floppy
 disks containing machine-readable source code.  Furthermore, Turbo
 Pascal Numerical Recipes code is available for anonymous ftp in
 /pc/turbopas/nrpas13.zip on garbo.uwasa.fi.

6. "I am looking for source code that does <x> under the X window

 system."
 As in (3), but after checking the Usenet source newsgroup indices
 (most importantly, that of comp.sources.x), check the anonymous ftp
 archive on ftp.x.org.
 See also the postings entitled "Frequently Asked Questions about X
 with Answers," posted monthly in comp.windows.x and various other
 X-related newsgroups.  Those postings discuss in detail how to get
 X sources of various sorts.  If these postings have expired at your
 site, see the documentation below about retrieving postings from
 the periodic posting archive.

7. "I'm looking for neat programs to run on my <x> machine."

 Don't post questions like this.  The amount of source code
 available on the Usenet is incredible; you are essentially asking
 for a summary of all of it.  Browse through the various archives
 mentioned in this posting if you want to find something like this.

8. "I'm looking for NetNews software <x>."

 See the posting entitled "USENET Software: History and Sources,"
 posted periodically in news.admin and news.announce.newusers.  If
 it has expired at your site, see the documentation below about
 retrieving postings from the periodic posting archive.

9. "I'm looking for the source code for Unix."

 Most implementations of Unix contain source code that is, at least
 to some extent, proprietary and not freely redistributable.  If you
 are looking for the source code to a particular Unix utility, you
 may have better luck looking for a public-domain reimplementation
 of that utility, using (1) or (3) above.  Furthermore, the Free
 Software Foundation (which is dedicated to the goal of making high
 quality free software, including a complete Unix-compatible
 software system called GNU, available for everyone) may distribute
 a freely redistributable version of the utility, protected by the
 GNU Public License.
 Also, if the utility was written by the folks who do the BSD
 variant of Unix, then it might be available in the various BSD
 source archives (the best one is probably gatekeeper.dec.com;
 ftp.uu.net has a bsd-sources directory too, and it contains some
 sources that are not in the gatekeeper archive, but the sources
 there are for 4.3reno BSD and might be difficult to compile under
 other types of Unix) on the net.
 There are two freely redistributable implementations of Unix.  The
 first is 386BSD, which is based on BSD Unix sources, and the second
 is Linux.  Both of these run on 386-class machines.  For more
 information about them, see the comp.unix.bsd and comp.os.linux
 newsgroups, or look for 386BSD and Linux in the source archives
 using the instructions above.

10. "I'm looking for a dictionary/thesaurus/encyclopedia."

 There are few, if any, freely redistributable full dictionary or
 thesaurus databases.  There are, however, some freely available
 word lists and/or synonym lists.  One archive of such files
 (including word lists in Dutch, English, French, German, Italian
 and possibly others) is the anonymous ftp directory
 /pub/dictionaries on ftp.cs.vu.nl.  Another archive is the
 anonymous ftp directory /dict on ftp.gmd.de [129.26.8.90].
 There also appears to be a package called "thesplus" for the PC,
 that may or may not contain a thesaurus database and software (I
 don't know anything about it).  One archive site for it is the file
 /ux1/pc/exec-pc/thesplus.zip on the anonymous ftp machine
 mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu.  I think this package may be shareware and
 therefore not freely redistributable in the strictest sense of the
 term.
 Also, Project Gutenberg has an old (but relatively good) thesaurus
 available on-line.  It's accessible via anonymous ftp in /pub/etext
 on the machine mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu.  it's also accessible via WAIS
 (ask the WAIS directory of servers for "thesaurus" in order to
 locate it).
 If you've already got the database (e.g. on a NeXT machine), you
 may be able to find sources for code to manipulate it; see (3)
 above.
 If you really need to find a dictionary or thesaurus for on-line
 use, and the ones already mentioned won't help you, then you're
 probably going to have to pay somebody for it.  Any
 reasonably-sized software catalog for your type of computer is
 probably going to mention dictionary software, and if not, then
 calling the computer stores around your town should help you to
 locate some.
 You are even less likely to find a freely redistributable
 encyclopedia than you are to find a dictionary or thesaurus.
 Encyclopedias cost a lot of money to put together, and the
 companies that do so therefore tend to be very protective about
 their copyrights.  Although some encyclopedia publishers have made
 their work available on-line on commercial services (e.g. Prodigy),
 none have made them freely redistributable.  If you want an
 electronic encyclopedia, you're going to have to pay someone for
 it (by looking in a software catalog, as mentioned above).

IV. Things not to do

1. Don't post messages to source newsgroups (e.g. comp.sources.unix,

 comp.sources.misc, etc.) asking for sources.
 There are newsgroups specifically for source requests.  If you post
 a request to a moderated source newsgroup, then the moderator has
 to deal with it (and he probably doesn't want to have to deal with
 source requests from all over the Usenet), and if you post a
 request to an unmoderated source newsgroup, then archives of that
 newsgroup end up with cruft (i.e. your request) in them.

2. Unless you have a particularly special request that is likely to be

 intrinsically interesting to the readers of a "topic" newsgroup,
 don't post requests in such newsgroups.  Just because you're
 looking for Unix software doesn't mean your request belongs on
 comp.unix.questions.  Just because the software you're looking for
 is likely to be written in C doesn't mean your request belongs on
 comp.lang.c.  Source requests belong in the "wanted" newsgroups;
 that's what they're there for.

V. Searching techniques in detail

1. Usenet source newsgroups

 There are many Usenet newsgroups in which source code is posted,
 and most of them are archived.  They include:

alt.sources comp.sources.3b1 comp.sources.acorn comp.sources.amiga comp.sources.apple2 comp.sources.atari.st comp.sources.games comp.sources.mac comp.sources.misc comp.sources.reviewed comp.sources.sun comp.sources.unix comp.sources.x vmsnet.sources vmsnet.sources.games

 If you're looking for software for a particular machine or
 operating system, you should check the source archives that are
 appropriate (e.g. checking "comp.sources.mac" if you're looking for
 programs to run under SunOS probably wouldn't be very profitable),
 as well as the general archives such as alt.sources or
 comp.sources.misc.
 Sites that archive Usenet source newsgroups usually provide some
 method of getting an index of the files in each newsgroup's
 archive.  If you are accessing an anonymous ftp archive, then this
 index will usually appear as a file called "index" or "Index" in
 the top-level archive of the newsgroup, or in each volume of the
 newsgroup's archive.
 If you are accessing a mail archive, then the instructions for
 using that archive should explain how to get indices of the
 newsgroups that are archived.
 If you are accessing an anonymous UUCP archive (see below), you are
 usually told when you are given the phone number and password for
 the archive how to get the top-level index for the archive, which
 will tell you how to get other indices and files.
 You can use archie to find anonymous ftp archives of Usenet
 newsgroups.  The most well-known Usenet newsgroup archive is
 probably ftp.uu.net, which archives comp.sources.3b1,
 comp.sources.amiga, comp.sources.games, comp.sources.misc,
 comp.sources.reviewed, comp.sources.sun, comp.sources.unix, and
 comp.sources.x, among other things.  Another large Usenet archive
 site is wuarchive.wustl.edu (128.252.135.4), which archives
 alt.sources, comp.sources.mac, and comp.sources.apple2, in addition
 to most of the newsgroups archived on ftp.uu.net.  A very large
 European anonymous ftp site is nic.funet.fi (128.214.6.100), which
 archives Usenet newsgroups and mirrors several foreign specialized
 ftp servers.  Other large European archive sites are mcsun.eu.net
 (192.16.202.1) and ftp.inria.fr (192.93.2.54).  If you are in
 Europe, you should look on one of these sites for things you need
 before trying sites elsewhere.
 The vmsnet newsgroups are archived on black.cerritos.edu and
 acfcluster.nyu.edu.  See also the posting "Monthly info posting:
 vmsnet.sources archive sites" in vmsnet.sources.d and comp.os.vms;
 if it has expired at your site, see the documentation below about
 retrieving postings from the periodic posting archive.

2. The "archie" database

 "Archie" is a database of anonymous ftp sites and their contents.
 The software for it was written by the "Archie Group" (Peter
 Deutsch, Alan Emtage, Bill Heelan, and Mike Parker) at McGill
 University in Montreal, Canada, and they maintain the database as
 well.
 "Archie" keeps track of the entire contents of a very large number
 of anonymous ftp sites, and allows you to search for files on those
 sites using various different kinds of filename searches.  Archie
 also has a software description database (with contents similar to
 the output of the "whatis" command under Unix), on which you can do
 keyword searches.
 The following machines are currently running and advertising the
 archie service:
   Host name   Internet address Country
   ------------------- ---------------- --------------
   archie.ac.il  132.65.20.254  Israel
   archie.ans.net  147.225.1.2  United States
   archie.au   139.130.4.6  Australia/New Zealand
   archie.doc.ic.ac.uk 146.169.11.3  United Kingdom
   archie.edvz.uni-linz.ac.at 140.78.3.8       Austria
   archie.funet.fi  128.214.109.110  Finland
   archie.kr                  128.134.1.1      Korea
   archie.luth.se             130.240.18.4     Sweden
   archie.mcgill.ca  132.206.2.3  Canada
   archie.ncu.edu.tw  140.115.19.24  Taiwan
   archie.nz                  130.195.9.4      New Zealand
   archie.rediris.es          130.206.1.2      Spain
   archie.rutgers.edu  128.6.18.15  North America
   archie.sogang.ac.kr        163.239.1.11     Korea
   archie.sura.net  128.167.254.194  United States
   archie.switch.ch           130.59.1.40      Switzerland
   archie.th-darmstadt.de     130.83.128.118   Germany
   archie.univie.ac.at        131.130.1.23     Austria
   archie.unl.edu  129.93.1.14  North America
   archie.wide.ad.jp  133.4.3.6  Japan
 Archie sites may soon be available elsewhere as well.
 You can access archie at most of these machines in one of three
 different ways:
 1. Telnet or rlogin to the machine with username "archie" and no
    password.
 2. Send mail to archie@machine (e.g. archie@archie.au).  Send a
    message with "help" in the body to find out more.
 3. Use one of the Prospero-based archie clients.
 The site in Japan, archie.wide.ad.jp, supports only the third
 method.
 The third method listed is the preferred one, because it puts less
 of a load on the archie servers and is faster than the other two
 methods (its one drawback is that it does not yet provide an
 interface to the archie "whatis" database).  If you already have
 Prospero installed at your site (see below), then you can search
 archie by vcd'ing to the directory /archive-sites/archie/regex and
 using "vls" with the regular expression for which you want to
 search.  Alternatively, you can get one of the stand-alone archie
 clients that does not require all of Prospero in order to run.  The
 clients currently available include a C version with a text
 interface, a C version with an X interface, and a perl version with
 a text interface.  They are available for anonymous ftp in
 /archie/clients or /pub/archie/clients at each of the archie sites
 listed above.
 When using archie, you should connect to the site from the list
 above that is closest to you, network-wise.
 If you would like more information about archie, you can write to
 archie-l@cs.mcgill.ca.
 (Note to Janet/PSS users -- the United Kingdom archie site is
 accessible on the Janet host doc.ic.ac.uk [000005102000].  Connect
 to it and specify "archie" as the host name and "archie" as the
 username.)

3. The "ftpable-readmes" WAIS database

 Vincent Cate maintains a WAIS database of README files for various
 packages on anonymous ftp sites all over the Internet.  The
 database is called "readmes", on port 210 of the host
 alex.sp.cs.cmu.edu [128.2.209.13].  For more information, connect
 to the WAIS server on that host and search for README in the "INFO"
 database in order to retrieve the entire source for the
 ftpable-readmes database, or retrieve it from think.com's
 directory-of-servers WAIS database.
 For more information about WAIS, retrieve the file /wais/README
 from the anonymous ftp server think.com.

4. Comp.archives

 The comp.archives newsgroup, moderated by Adam J. Richter
 <adam@soda.berkeley.edu>, contains announcements of archive sites
 and their contents.  If you cannot find what you're looking for in
 the comp.archives postings available at your site at any given
 time, then you can read the newsgroup for a while and watch for new
 postings that are of interest to you, or you can try to find an
 archive site that archives the postings in comp.archives (e.g.
 wuarchive.wustl.edu, cs.dal.ca).
 Furthermore, comp.archives is accessible via WAIS, in the database
 named "comp.archives" on port 9000 on talon.ucs.orst.edu.  If you
 don't know what WAIS is, don't worry about it.

5. Comp.sources.wanted

 When you post a message to comp.sources.wanted or
 alt.sources.wanted, the important thing to remember is to BE
 SPECIFIC.  If you're working under Unix, make sure to mention that;
 possibly, mention even what type of Unix.  If you're not working
 under Unix, make sure to mention what operating system and machine
 type you *are* working under.
 Remember to choose a meaningful Subject line for your message;
 something like, "Can you help me?" is very unhelpful to people who
 ARE willing to help, and may just cause some of them to not bother
 reading your posting.  Try to summarize what you're looking for
 meaningfully in your Subject line.
 Also, it is usually a good idea to ask for people to send you
 E-mail rather than posting responses.  Say that if enough people
 write to you and ask for copies of whatever responses you get, then
 you'll summarize the responses in a later posting to the newsgroup,
 and if that happens, then DO post the summary.
 Finally, don't say, "Would someone please mail me <x>?"  Say,
 "Would someone please tell me where I can get <x>, or what's
 available that does <x>?  If you can mail it to me, please let me
 know, and I'll let you know if I want you to."  This avoids the
 problem of several people mailing you what you requested and
 overflowing your mailbox.

6. Prospero

 If you are a Unix site on the Internet, you can use the Prospero
 system (whose author is Clifford Neuman) to search through archives
 of various sorts all over the Internet, and to retrieve files once
 you have found them.  Prospero uses a virtual filesystem which
 allows you to transparently view directories and retrieve files.
 There is some overlap between Prospero and other resources
 mentioned in this document; for example, both archie and the
 periodic posting archives on rtfm.mit.edu are accessible via
 Prospero.
 The Prospero software is available in /pub/prospero.tar.Z on
 cs.washington.edu; the user software may already be installed at
 your site, and if not, you can get it and install it yourself.  For
 more information about Prospero, send mail to
 info-prospero@isi.edu.

7. Mail server queries

 Anonymous ftp is most effectively used only for retrieving files
 and not for searching for them, since it is a file transfer
 protocol and not much more than that.  However, many (if not all)
 of the mail archive servers which allow file retrieval by
 electronic mail provide a more functional (albeit slower) interface
 than ftp which allows you to query the servers to find out what
 they have available on them.  Therefore, if you find it necessary
 to use mail archive servers to get files, take advantage of the
 indexing and search features available on the servers.  The
 features of individual servers can not be documented here, because
 there are too many different servers running too many different
 kinds of software, but the instructions below do explain how to ask
 the servers for help and find out what commands they support.

VI. File retrieval techniques in detail

1. By anonymous ftp

 If you are on a site that is connected to the Internet and allows
 its users to ftp out to other Internet sites, then you have
 anonymous ftp access.  The usual procedure for using anonymous ftp
 is to type the command "ftp machine-name", where "machine-name" is
 the name of the machine to which you want to connect, and then to
 use "anonymous" as the username and "user@host" (i.e. your E-mail
 address) as the password when you are prompted for it by ftp.
 Type "help" inside ftp to get a list of commands, and/or read the
 man page for ftp, or any other documentation about it available at
 your site for more information.  If they don't answer your
 question, then ask someone at your site for help.
 If you don't have Internet and ftp access, then you can use an
 ftp-mail server such as Princeton's BITFTP or ftpmail to retrieve
 files from anonymous ftp archives.  However, you should only use an
 ftp-mail server when the same files are not available from a
 dedicated mail archive server.  See the BITFTP and ftpmail
 instructions below.

2. By anonymous UUCP

 There are various UUCP sites on the net that publish their modem
 telephone numbers and a public username and password that can be
 used to transfer files from the sites via UUCP.  For more
 information about doing this, see the documentation for the "uucp"
 command on your system.
 One place to find information about anonymous UUCP archives is the
 Nixpub listing of public access Unix sites, maintained by Phil
 Eschallier and posted in comp.misc and alt.bbs.  If that posting
 has expired at your site, you can get copies of it from the
 Periodic posting archive described below.

3. By mail

 a. Uunet mail archive
 Uunet.uu.net provides E-mail access to the sources it archives (see
 the discussion about ftp.uu.net above for some idea of what is
 available).  The address to which to send requests is
 "netlib@uunet.uu.net".  You can send a message containing "help" in
 its body for more information.  Note, however, that this service
 does not provide access to all of UUNET's archived files, so you
 may have to use an ftp-by-mail service instead to get to some of
 them.
 b. BITFTP
 The BITFTP server, run by Princeton University, allows people on
 the BITNET to retrieve via E-mail files at anonymous ftp archive
 sites.  To find out how to use it, send mail to
 "bitftp@pucc.bitnet" with "help" in the body.  The BITFTP server
 will reject requests from non-BITNET addresses, so if you're not on
 the BITNET and you need to do anonymous ftp retrieval via E-mail,
 you should use ftpmail (see below).
 c. Ftpmail
 Ftpmail servers allow you to retrieve via E-mail files at anonymous
 ftp archive sites.  Four ftpmail servers currently available are
 "ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com", "ftpmail@src.doc.ic.ac.uk",
 "ftpmail@cs.uow.edu.au", and "ftpmail@grasp1.univ-lyon1.fr".  To
 find out how to use an ftpmail server, send mail to it with "help"
 in the body.  If you're on the BITNET, please use the BITFTP server
 (see above) rather than ftpmail.
 NOTE: Don't do something bogus like send your requests both to
 BITFTP and ftpmail, or to multiple ftpmail servers, hoping that one
 of them will get back to you first.  Choose one server for your
 request, and use it.
 d. AT&T's netlib archive
 AT&T's "netlib" archive is the repository for a large body of
 source code and other material, much of it mathematical,
 algorithmic or scientific in nature.
 The archive is accessible via anonymous ftp to
 research.att.com, or via electronic mail.  To find out how to use
 the mail server, send mail to "netlib@research.att.com" with "help"
 in the body of the message.
 e. Periodic posting archive
 As mentioned above, The machine rtfm.mit.edu (18.70.0.209)
 maintains an archive of periodic Usenet postings.  You can access
 it via anonymous ftp, or via mail server.  To find out how to use
 the mail server, send a message to "mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu" with
 Subject "help".
 The archive on rtfm is also accessible via WAIS.  If you don't know
 what that is, don't worry about it; if you do know what it is, you
 can search through periodic Usenet postings by connecting to the
 "usenet" WAIS database on rtfm.mit.edu.
 f. Trickle mail servers
 A BITnet mail server package called "Trickle" is supported at a
 number of different BITnet sites all over the world:

Austria: trickle@awiwuw11.bitnet Denmark: trickle@dktc11.bitnet Belgium: trickle@banufs11.bitnet France: trickle@frmop11.bitnet Germany: trickle@dtuzdv1.bitnet Italy: trickle@imipoli.bitnet Netherlands: trickle@hearn.bitnet Spain: trickle@eb0ub011.bitnet Turkey: trickle@trearn.bitnet Israel: trickle@taunivm.bitnet

 These archives contain files of all sorts from a number of
 different major anonymous ftp archive sites, including
 wsmr-simtel20.army.mil, ftp.uu.net, ftp.x.org and sauna.hut.fi.
 They are a good way for people on the BITnet to get access to
 archives.
 To find out how to use Trickle send a mail message to the Trickle
 server closest to you with "/HELP" in the body of the message and
 an empty Subject: line.
 g. Other mail servers
 There are other mail servers besides the ones listed above.  If you
 want to find out more about a server, send a message to it with
 "help" in the body and see what it sends back.
 The following is a list of some of the available services.  Others
 are listed in Scott Yanoff's "Updated Internet Services list"
 posting, which appears regularly in alt.internet.services,
 comp.misc, biz.comp.services, alt.bbs.internet, and news.answers.
 alt-sources-serv@dmc.com Alt.sources
 archive-server@ames.arc.nasa.gov
  Space archives (also accessible via
  anonymous ftp to ames.arc.nasa.gov)
 archive-server@athena-dist.mit.edu
  MIT Project Athena papers and source
  code (also accessible via anonymous
  ftp to athena-dist.mit.edu)
 archive-server@bcm.tmc.edu UUCP maps, source-code for BCM WHOIS
  database, NFS and PC-NFS information
  and source-code, Unisys U-series
  information and source code, other
  stuff
 archive-server@cc.purdue.edu NeXT stuff (also accessible via
  anonymous ftp to sonta.cc.purdue.edu
  or nova.cc.purdue.edu)
 archive-server@chsun1.uchicago.edu
  Computer Underground Digest and
  references
 archive-server@cs.leidenuniv.nl
  IPX, "patch" for MS-DOS, "sps" diffs
  for SunOS 4.1
 archive-server@dsi.com Datacomp Systems, Inc.  Elm and
  Elm-related stuff
 archive-server@eclectic.com Mac-security digest, information about
  Eclectic, other stuff
 archive-server@germany.eu.net
  Archives of MS-DOS, Amiga, and Apple
  newsgroups, Internet RFCs, other stuff
 archive-server@ics.uci.edu TeX, GNU, MH, other stuff
 archive-server@joshua.atherton.com
  Archives of Atherton Technology
  mailing lists and other files; Sun RPC
  sources and files; other sources and
  files
 archive-server@ncsa.uiuc.edu NCSA stuff, especially telnet and tcp
 for mac/pc
 archive-server@rice.edu Sun-spots, sun-source and sun-icons,
  plus other software written or
  influenced by people at Rice (also
  accessible via anonymous ftp to
  titan.rice.edu)
 archive-server@st.cs.uiuc.edu
  Ralph Johnson's UIUC smalltalk archive
  (also accessible via anonymous ftp to
  st.cs.uiuc.edu)
 archive-server@sun.soe.clarkson.edu
  IBM and other good stuff (also
  accessible via anonymous ftp to
  sun.soe.clarkson.edu)
 archive-server@wdl1.wdl.loral.com
  WDL archive server: snfs, tsig stuff
 clinton-wins@mail.cinton-gore.org
  Information about the Clinton-Gore
  presidential campaign
 comp-binaries-mac-serv@dmc.com
  Comp.binaries.mac
 comp-sources-misc-serv@dmc.com
  Comp.sources.misc
 comp-sources-reviewed-serv@dmc.com
  Comp.sources.reviewed
 comp-sources-unix-serv@dmc.com
  Comp.sources.unix
 comp-sources-x-serv@dmc.com Comp.sources.x
 cubelib@gmuvax2.gmu.edu iPSC User's Group
 doc-server@prl.dec.com Paris Research Lab (PRL) technical
  reports, articles, and notes; bignum
  package
 fileserv@dmc.com  News.answers, other general stuff
 fileserv@shsu.bitnet  General and VMS-specific TeX/LaTeX
  sources, sty files, extensions, etc.;
  mailing list archives; sources for VMS
  packages of various sorts
 ftp@opcom.canada.sun.com Solaris 2.0 Migration Support archives
  -- programs that have been ported to
  Solaris 2.0, and utilities for making
  the migration to 2.0 easier
 ftp-mailer@ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de
  comp.sources.x, comp.sources.unix,
  comp.sources.misc, comp.sources.sun,
  comp.sources.games,
  comp.sources.atart.st,
  comp.binaries.ibm.pc, alt.sources
  archives, eunet.sources, and
  sub.sources archives, GNU, selected
  BSD, minix, selected X.V11R4 and
  X.V11R3, X.V11R5, comm tools (ie.
  kermit), various documents (ie. the
  Internet worm, rfcs, mach), TeX, and
  various other sources (also accessible
  via anonymous ftp)
 gene-server@bchs.uh.edu Genbank gene database server
 goodies-lib@cs.man.ac.uk Manchester smalltalk goodies archive
 graf-bib-server@decwrl.dec.com
  Graphix bibliography server; put
  keywords in mail Subject (also
  accessible via anonymous ftp to
  gatekeeper.dec.com)
 info-server@doc.ic.ac.uk Usenet source newsgroups, GNU, X11,
  news software, other stuff
 info-server@Germany.EU.net Lots of stuff, including GNU software,
  benchmarks, games, graphics utilities,
  etc. (also accessible via anonymous
  ftp)
 info-server@hp4nl.nluug.nl Macintosh, Sun, IBM-PC, Unix sources,
  some documents, GNU, graphics, Usenet
  archives (or lots of newsgroups), X
  window system, TeX, programming
  languages (lisp, icon, abc, others),
  news sources, network sources, other
  stuff
 info-server@sh.cs.net Internet community calendar, E-mail
  ftp server (currently unavailable),
  CSNET general information documents,
  CREN information, NSFNET information,
  Some Internet RFCs, a small amount of
  source code
 librarian@cse.ucsc.edu UCSC Technical Reports, Amoeba papers,
  UCSC bibliography archive, IEEE TCOS,
  other stuff (also accessible via
  anonymous ftp to ftp.cse.ucsc.edu)
 library@cme.nist.gov  Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory
  (MEL) at the National Institute of
  Standards and Technology (NIST)
  archive
 lido@cs.uni-sb.de  AI bibliographical server; put
  "lidosearch help" in mail Subject
 listserv@dhdurz1.bitnet
 listserv@orion.bitnet Erotica
 listserv@ubvm.bitnet  Russian TeX
 listserv@ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu Same as listserv@ubvm.bitnet
 listserv@vm1.nodak.edu Lots of stuff from simtel-20; put "get
  pdget help" in mail body
 mail-server@cs.ruu.nl GIFs, Atari ST software, random
  documentation, ELM sources, Usenet FAQ
  postings, GNU software, HP-UX
  software, NN sources, SGI software,
  TeX software and TeXhax and TeXmag
  archives, random UNIX software, X11
  software, other stuff (also accessible
  via anonymous ftp to ftp.cs.ruu.nl)
 mail-server@nluug.nl  Mostly UNIX-related files, from the
  Netherlands UNIX Users' Group
 mail-server@rusmv1.rus.uni-stuttgart.de
  German TeX archives; benchmarks,
  journal indices, RFCs, network info,
  unix info; X, mac, pc, sun, aix, vax,
  and other software (also accessible
  via anonymous ftp to
  rusmv1.rus.uni-stuttgart.de)
 mailserv@garbo.uwasa.fi PC software archives, frequently asked
  questions in various areas, some
  Usenet source archives
 netlib@draci.cs.uow.edu.au Australian Netlib (also accessible via
  anonymous ftp to draci.cs.uow.edu.au)
 netlib@mthvax.cs.miami.edu Various sources, digests and other
  miscellaneous stuff (also accessible
  via anonymous ftp to
  mthvax.cs.miami.edu)
 netlib@nac.no  Mirror of AT&T netlib archive for use
  by European (non-UK) sites
 netlib@ornl.gov  Similar to the AT&T netlib archive
 netlib@peregrine.com  Rec.puzzles-related archives
 netlib@uunet.uu.net  A large subset of what is available
  from uunet via anonymous ftp or
  anonymous uucp
 netlib@ukc.ac.uk  UK netlib server (mostly same contents
  as AT&T's netlib) (some files also
  accessible via anonymous ftp to
  harrier.ukc.ac.uk {username "guest"})
 next-archive@cc.purdue.edu NeXT stuff (also accessible via
  anonymous ftp to sonta.cc.purdue.edu
  or nova.cc.purdue.edu)
 nistlib@cmr.ncsl.nist.gov Benchmarks, GOSIP
 nptserver@cme.nist.gov NIST Cals server (also accessible via
  anonymous ftp to durer.cme.nist.gov)
 object-archive-server@decwrl.dec.com
  OFF format (?) objects
 ps-file-server@adobe.COM PostScript stuff
 reduce-netlib@rand.org Sources related to REDUCE (A SAM
  system with emphasis on nuclear
  physics)
 reports@midgard.ucsc.edu Comp.os.research tech reports (also
  accessible via anonymous ftp to
  midgard.ucsc.edu)
 request@legato.com  NFS benchmarking for determining if
  Legato board will help your server
 search@genbank.bio.net FASTA program for nucleic acid
  sequence
 service@nic.ddn.mil  Internet RFCs and FYIs, NIC database
     registration, WHOIS database lookup
 source@ureview.com  Programs and files from the magazine
  "Unix Review"
 statlib@lib.stat.cmu.edu Lots of statistical software (also
  accessible via anonymous ftp to
  lib.stat.cmu.edu -- username statlib)
 tech-reports@cs.columbia.edu Experimental server (?) address might
  point to a human
 telecom-archive-request@letni.lonestar.org
  Comp.dcom.telecom archive
 vax-pro@wkuvx1.bitnet Programs and files from the journal
  "VAX Professional: A Technical Journal
  for VMS Systems"
 vmsnet-sources-serv@dmc.com Vmsnet.sources
 wrl-techreports@decwrl.dec.com
  DEC WRL technical reports and
  abstracts
 wscott@ecn.purdue.edu HP 48 programs; put HP-MAIL-SERVER in
  mail Subject
 xstuff@expo.lcs.mit.edu MIT X Consortium files, mainly
  patches

VII. Credits

Bill Wohler wohler@sap-ag.de provided many of the addresses in the "Other mail servers" section above, and provided suggestions for several other sections. Andrew Purshottam andyp@ibmpa.awdpa.ibm.com also provided many mail archive server addresses. Bjorn P. Brox brox@dms.corena.no provided information about Trickle.

These people provided feedback and corrections:

Denis.Buffenoir@inria.fr Rusty Carruth rusty@anasazi.com Tom Cunningham tomc@bouwsma.sps.mot.com Eric Gross ehg@research.att.com Dan Jacobson Dan_Jacobson@ATT.COM Peter Deutsch peterd@opus.cs.mcgill.ca FACN320@saupm00.bitnet Charles Geyer charlie@umnstat.stat.umn.edu Edwin Kremer edwin@cs.ruu.nl Rene Lampe yzrnur!rene@sq.uucp Kent Landfield kent@IMD.Sterling.COM Jonathan Leech leech@cs.unc.edu Lee McLoughlin L.McLoughlin@doc.ic.ac.uk Allen McAuley s3007588@mackay.mpce.mq.edu.au Mark Maimone mwm@cmu.edu Michael Meyer mikem+@andrew.cmu.edu Dick Munroe munroe@dmc.com Petri Ojala ojala@funet.fi Douglas Quist quist@thing1.sim.es.com George V. Reilly gvr@cs.brown.edu John_Rouillard@dl5000.bc.edu Timo Salmi ts@uwasa.fi Rich Salz rsalz@bbn.com Heribert Schuetz schuetz@informatik.tu-muenchen.de Dan Shearer ccdps@lux.levels.unisa.edu.au Richard S. Smith RSS%CALSTATE.bitnet@VM.USC.EDU Mike Stump mrs@charlie.secs.csun.edu Steve Sullivan sullivan@teal.csn.org Steve Summit scs@adam.mit.edu Sydney S. Weinstein syd@DSI.COM Joe Wells jbw@bigbird.bu.edu Jon Whellams mgjmw@cc.flinders.edu.au George Wilson gwilson@mrj.com Bill Wohler wohler@sap-ag.de Christophe Wolfhugel wolf@frwolf.gna.tfd.com Adri Verhoef a3@rivm39.rivm.nl Ed Vielmetti emv@msen.com


– Jonathan Kamens | OpenVision Technologies, Inc. | jik@security.ov.com


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